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DICTIONARY 



THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS. 



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DICTIONARY 



THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS, 



COMPILED AS 



A MANUAL OF REFERENCE 



LEGISLATOR AND STATESMAN. 



CHARLES LANMAN, 

LATE LIBRARIAN HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 



\lUlni>Vi. 



GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
1864. 













Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, 

Bt Chables Lanman, 

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia. 



By resolutions of the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
States, passed at the First Session of the Thirty-eighth Congress, fifteen 
hundred and fifty copies were ordered to be printed for the use of each of 
those bodies respectively ; the copyright for those numbers having been duly 
assigned. 



n.o.r 



*ii<dj/ 



PREFACE. 



Political laws, wisely framed, have made the United States pow- 
erful and wealthy to a degree unexampled in modern times ; and I 
have thought that a book of facts, recording the public services of 
our National law-makers, from the foundation of the G-overnment, 
would be a deserved tribute to them, and, at the same time, be gene- 
rally useful. The record has been made in each case as correct and 
concise as possible. Of many men more might have been written, 
but that was not deemed expedient in a work of this kind ; and where 
not enough has been said, the fault must be attributed to the indif- 
ference of the persons mostly interested, or to the neglect of their 
friends. Not being a politician, it has given me but little trouble to 
be impartial. My intention has been to express no opinions of living 
men, and but seldom to echo public opinion in regard to the dead. 
My leading object has been to prepare a kind of labor-saving machine, 
for the benefit of all who feel an interest in the political history and 
future prosperity of the Eepublic; and, in the Appendix, I have 
endeavored to bring together, from the Government archives, a mass 
of Legislative and Executive information, calculated to be of service 
to Members of Congress, while engaged in their public duties, and 
especially in their examination of the Public Documents. 

Washington, January, 1864. , 



CONTENTS. 



Senators and Eepresentatives, with Biographical Data 

Successive Sessions of Congress, 

Speakers of the House of Eepresentatives 

Presidents op the Senate, 

Secretaries op the Senate, 

Clerks of the House of Eepresentatives, 

Chaplains to Congress, .... 

Successive Administrations, . 

Presidential Electors, .... 

The Supreme Court, .... 

Ministers to Foreign Countries, 

The Declaration of Independence, 

Members of the Continental Congress, 

Presidents of the Continental Congress, 

Sessions of the Continental Congress, . 

The Constitution op the United States, 

Organization of the Executive Departments 

The States and Territories of the American Union 

Origin of the Names of States, 

Progress of Population in the United States 

Population and Eatio of Eepresentation, 

The State and Territorial Governors, 

Eight of Suffrage in the Several States, . 

Qualifications for G-overnors, Senators, and Eepresenta 

TIVES, 



PAOX 

9-413 
417 
419 
419 
421 
421 
422 
423 
427 
474 
478 
499 
505 
509 
509 
510 
522 
530 
536 
537 
538 
540 
549 

552 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Abbott, Amos. — Born at Andover, 
Massachusetts, September 10, 1786. He 
was educated at a district school, but 
spent the most of his life as a trader and 
merchant. During the years 1835, 1836, 
and 1842, he was a Eepresentative in the 
Massachusetts Legislature; and from 
1840 to 1842 a member of the State Se- 
nate. He represented his native State in 
Congress from 1843 to 1849, and was a 
member of the Committees on the Mili- 
tia, and on Manufactures. 

Abbott, Joel. — Was born in Fair- 
field, Connecticut, emigrated to Georgia, 
and was elected a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Wilkes County, in that State, 
from 1817 to 1825, serving as a member 
of the Committees on Commerce and the 
Slave-Trade. Died November 19, 1826. 

Abbott, Wehemiah. — Born in Sid- 
ney, Maine, March 29, 1806. He is a 
lawyer by profession ; was a member of 
the House of Kepresentatives, in the 
Maine Legislature, in 1842 and 1848, and 
was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Eevolutionary Pensions. 

Abercronibie, Jaines. — He was 

born in Georgia, and, removing to Ala- 
bama, was a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1851 to 1855. 

Adair, John. — He was born in 
1758 ; was a Senator of the United States, 
from Kentucky, during the years 1805 
and 1806; commanded the Kentucky 
troops at the battle of New Orleans, 
under General Jackson; and was ap- 



pointed a general in the army. He was 
elected a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from Kentucky, from 1831 to 1833, and 
was a member of the Committee on 
Military Affairs. He died at Harrods- 
burg. May 19, 1840. 

Adams, Benjamin. — Born at 
Worcester, Massachusetts ; was a mem- 
ber of the Legislature, as Eepresenta- 
tive, from 1809 to 1814, and as Senator, 
in 1814 and 1815; and from 1822 to 
1825 ; and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress from his native State, from 1816 
to 1821, and was a member of the Com- 
mittees on Eevolutionary Pensions and 
Public Expenditures. He died at Ux- 
bridge, Massachusetts, in April, 1837. 

Adams, Charles F. — Born in Bos- 
ton, August 18, 1807; spent the most of 
his boyhood in St. Petersburg and Lon- 
don, whilst his father was Minister to 
Eussia and England ; he graduated at 
Harvard University in 1825 ; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1828 ; 
served three years in the Lower House, 
and two years in the Upper House of 
the Massachusetts Legislature; in 1848 
he was the candidate for Vice-President 
on the ticket with Mr. Van Buren; and 
he was elected a Eepresentative from 
Massachusetts to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Manufactures. He was at one 
time the editor of a paper called the 
"Boston Whig," has been a contributor 
to the North American Eeview, was the 
editor of the well-known Adams Let- 
ters, and is the author of the standard 
Biography of John Adams. Ee-elected 



to\4 



10 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but was 
appointed by President Lincoln Minis- 
ter to England in 1861. In 1864 the de- 
gree of LL.D. was conferred upon him 
by Harvard University. 

Adaons, Green. — Born in Barbours- 
ville, Knox County, Kentucky, August 
20, 1812; was bred a farmer, but read 
law and adopted that profession; in 1832 
and 1833 he was Deputy Sheriff of Knox 
County ; in 1839, he was elected to the 
State Legislature, and re-elected ; he was 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
Kentucky, from 1847 to 1849, and was 
a member of the Committee on Engrav- 
ing. He was also a Presidential Elector 
in 1844 and 1856, and a Judge of the Cir- 
cuit Court of Kentucky from 1851 to 
1856. In 1859 he was elected a Eepre- 
sentative from Kentucky to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Post-offices and Post-roads. 
In 1861 he was appointed by President 
Lincoln Sixth Auditor of the Treasury. 

Adams, John. — Born at Braintree, 
Massachusetts, October 30, 1735 ; gra- 
duated at Harvard University in 1755; 
instructed a class of scholars in Latin 
and Greek for a subsistence; studied 
law, and having been admitted to the 
bar, settled at Quincy to practise his 
profession. As a member of the Old 
Congress, he was among the foremost 
in recommending an independent Go- 
vernment. In 1777, he was chosen Com- 
missioner to the Court of Versailles. 
On his return he was chosen a member 
of the Convention called to prepare a 
form of government for Massachusetts. 
In September, 1779, he was appointed 
Minister Plenipotentiary to negotiate a 
peace, and had authority to form a com- 
mercial treaty with Great Britain. In 
June, 1780, he was appointed Ambassa- 
dor to Holland; and, in 1782, he went 
to Paris to engage in the negotiation for 
peace, having previouslj^ obtained assu- 
rance that Great Britain would recog- 
nize the independence of the United 
States. After serving on two or three 
commissions to form treaties of amity 
and commerce with foreign powers, in 
1785 he was appointed first Minister to 
London; and, in 1788, having been ab- 
sent nine years, he returned to America. 
In March, 1789, the new Constitution 
of the United States went into opera- 
tion, and he became the first Vice-Pre- 
sident, which otfice he held during the 



whole of Washington's administration. 
On the resignation of Washington, he 
became, March 4, 1797, President of the 
United States. This was the termina- 
tion of his public functions; and he 
spent the remainder of his days upon 
his farm in Quincj^, occupying himself 
with agriculture, and obtaining amuse- 
ment from the literature and politics of 
the day. He died on the fourth of July, 
1826, with the same words on his lips 
which, fifty years before, on that day, 
he had uttered on the floor of Congress : 
"Independence forever!" His princi- 
pal publications are, "Letters on the 
American Revolution, " " Defence of the 
American Constitution," an "Essay on 
Canon and Federal Laws," a series of 
letters under the signature of Novan- 
glus, and Discourses on Davila. It was 
as Vice-President that he had a seat in 
the Senate. 

Adams, John. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Greene 
County, New York, from 1833 to 1835, 
and was a member of the Committee on 
Invalid Pensions. He died at Catskill, 
New York, September 28, 1854. 

Adams, John Quincy. — Born in 
Braintree, now Quincy, Mass., July 11, 
1767. When ten years of age, he ac- 
companied his father to France; and 
when fifteen, was private secretary to 
the American Minister in Russia. He 
was graduated at Harvard University 
in 1787 ; studied law in Newburyport, 
and settled in Boston. From 1794 to 
1801 he was American Minister to Hol- 
land, England, Sweden, and Prussia. 
He was a Senator in Congress from 1803 
to 1808 ; Professor of Rhetoric in Har- 
vard University, with limited duties, 
from 1806 to 1808; was appointed, in 
1809, Minister to Russia; assisted in ne- 
gotiating the Treaty of Ghent, in 1814; 
and assisted, also, as Minister, at the 
Convention of Commerce with Great 
Britain, in 1815. He was Secretary of 
State under President Monroe ; and was 
chosen President of the United States 
in 1825, serving one term. In 1831 he 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, and continued in that position 
until his death, which occurred in the 
Speaker's room, two days after falling 
from his seat in the House of Represen- 
tatives, February 23, 1848. His last 
words were: "This is the end of earth; 
I am content." He published "Letters 



**; etf 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



11 



on Silesia," "Lectures on Khetoric 
and Oratory," and various "Poems," 
besides man}' occasional letters and 
speeches. His unpublished writings, it 
is said, would make many volumes. 

Adams, I*arfnenio.—B.e was bom 

in Hartford, Connecticut, and was a 
Representative in Congress from Bata- 
via, Genesee Countv, New York, from 
1823 to 1827. 

Adams, Robert H. — He was a 

Senator in Congress, by appointment, 
from Mississippi, from January to May, 
in 1830, and died on the second day of 
July following. 

Adams, Stephen. — He was a na- 
tive of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, 
and had been a member of the Senate 
of that State. Removing to Mississippi, 
he took an active part in public affairs ; 
was a member of the State Legislature, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
1845 to 1847; he was elected Judge of 
the Circuit Court, and from 1852 to 
1857 was a Senator in Congress from 
Mississippi. He removed to Tennessee 
with the intention of practising law at 
Memphis, where he died, May 11, 1857. 

Addams, William. — He was born 
in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania ; 
was a Representative in Congress from 
Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1829, and 
served on a Committee for the Deaf 
and Dumb Institutions of New York 
and Ohio. 

Adgate, Asa. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in the Legislature of New 
York from Clinton County, from 1798 
to 1799, and elected Representative in 
Congress from Essex County, in that 
State, from 1815 to 1817, and was again 
a inem.ber of the Legislature in 1823. 

Adrain, Garnett S. — Born in the 
city of New York December 20, 1816. 
He graduated at Rutgers College, New 
Jersey, in 1833 ; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1837 ; and was a 
Representative in the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress from New Jersey, serving as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Engraving. He 
was also elected a member of the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of 
the Committee on Engraving. In Janu- 
ary, 1861, he oft'ered the resolution of 
thanks to Major Robert Anderson for 



his defence of Fort Sumter. Since he 
left Congress he has been devoted to his 
profession. 

Aid, tfohtl A. — He was born in 
Stansbury, Franklin County, Pennsyl- 
vania, in August, 1815; received a good 
English education ; studied medicine 
with his father, and graduated at the 
" Washington Medical College" of Bal- 
timore. He abandoned his profession 
in 1850, and turned his attention to va- 
rious kinds of manufactures, and was 
elected a Representative from Pennsyl- 
vania to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Manufactures. 

Aiken, William. — He was born in 
Charleston, South Carolina, in 1806; 
graduated at the South Carolina Col- 
lege in 1825 ; was a member of the State 
Legislature in 1838, 1840, and 1842; 
was Governor of South Carolina in 
1844 ; and a Representative in Congress 
from that State from 1851 to 1857. He 
was considered one of the most success- 
ful rice planters in his native State. 

Alhertson, Nathaniel. — He was 

born in Virginia, and was elected a 
Representative in Congress from the 
First Congressional District of Indiana, 
from 1849 to 1851, and was a member 
of the Committee on Public Lands. 

Albright, Charles J. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania, and was elected 
from the State of Ohio a Representative 
to the Thirtj'-fourth Congress. 

Aldrich, Cyrus. — Born in Smith- 
field, Rhode Island, in June, 1808 ; re- 
ceived a common school education ; has 
followed the various occupations of a 
sailor, a boatman, a farmer, a contractor 
on public works, and a mail contractor ; 
was a member of the Illinois Legisla- 
ture; also a Register of Deeds and Regis- 
ter of the Land Office at Dixon in that 
State for four years ; and, having re- 
moved to Minnesota, was a member of 
the Constitutional Convention of that 
State ; member of the County Board of 
Hampshire County in that State ; and 
was elected a Representative from Min- 
nesota to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Agriculture. Re-elected to the 
Thirty -seventh Congress, and was 
Chairman of the Committee on Indian 



12 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Affairs. After leaving Congress he 
was appointed by President Lincoln a 
commissioner to settle claims against 
the Sioux Indians. 

Alexander, Adain JR. — He was 

born in Washington County, Virginia, 
and was elected a Kepresentative in 
Congress from Madison County, Ten- 
nessee, from 1823 to 1827, and served as 
a member of the Committee on Post- 
offices and Post-roads. 

Alexander, Evan.— Bom in North 
Carolina ; was a member of the Legis- 
lature for two years ; and a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress from North Carolina, 
from 1805 to 1809. Died October 28, 
1809. 

Alexander, Henry P. — He was 

born in New York, and was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress from Herkimer 
County, in that State, from 1849 to 
1851, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Expenditures in the State 
Department. 

Alexander, J'ames, Jr. — He was 

born in Maryland ; was a resident of St. 
Clairsville, Belmont County, Ohio, and 
elected a Kepresentative in Congress 
from the Eleventh District in that 
State, frota 1837 to 1839, and was a 
member of the Committee on Public 
Expenditures. Died August 6, 1846. 

Alexander, John. — He was elect- 
ed a Kepresentative in Congress from 
Ohio, May 4, 1813, serving till 1817. 

Alexander, MarJc. — He was born 
in Mecklenburg County, Virginia, and 
elected a Kepresentative in Congress 
from that State, from 1819 to 1833, and 
served on the Committees on Kevolu- 
-tionary Pensions, Ways and Means, 
and Expenditures in the State Depart- 
ment, and the District of Columbia. 

Alexander, Nath,aniel.-GrvsidiVL&- 
ted at Princeton College in 1776, and, 
after studying medicine, entered the 
army. ■ At the close of the war he re- 
sided at the High Hills of Santee, pur- 
suing his profession, and afterwards at 
Mecklenburg. While he held a seat in 
Congress, from 1803 to 1805, the Legis- 
lature elected him Governor for 1806. 
He died at Salisbury, March 8, 1808, 
aged fifty-two. In all his public sta- 



tions he is said to have discharged his 
duty with ability and firmness. 

Alford, Julius C. — He was born 
in Georgia, and was elected a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress from Troup 
County, in that State, from 1839 to 
1842, and served as a member of the 
Committee on Indian Affairs. 

Allen, Charles. — He was born in 
Worcester, Massachusetts, August 9, 
1797, and was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress from that State from 1849 to 1853, 
and a member of the Committee on the 
District of Columbia. He was also a 
member of the State Legislature in 
1829, 1833, 1834, 1838 and 1840; and a 
State Senator in 1835, 1838 and 1839 ; 
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas 
from 1842 to 1844; Chief Justice of the 
Superior Court from 1858 to 1859; mem- 
ber of the State Constitutional Conven- 
tions of 1848, 1853 and 1859 ; and a com- 
missioner to negotiate the Webster 
Treaty in 1842. He was also a delegate 
to the Peace Congress of 1861. 

Allen, Chilton. — He was born in 
Albemarle County, Virginia, April 6, 
1786, and settled in Kentucky as a 
wheelwright. He educated himself for 
the legal profession ; from Clark County 
was elected in 1811 to the Legislature 
of Kentucky for several terms ; and he 
was a Kepresentative in Congress from 
that State from 1831 to 1837, officiating 
as Chairman of the Committee of Ter- 
ritories, and a member of the Commit- 
tee on Foreign Affairs. In 1838 he was 
President of the Board of Internal Im- 
provement ; and in 1842 he was again 
returned to the State Legislature, which 
was the last public position he occupied. 
He died at Winchester, September 3, 
1858. He was a man of ability and of 
rare virtues. 

Allen, Elisha H. — Born in New 
Salem, Massachusetts, January 28, 1804; 
was bred a lawyer; served in the Legis- 
lature of Maine from 1836 to 1841, and 
in 1846 ; in 1838 as Speaker ; and was 
elected a Kepresentative in Congress 
from Maine, from 1841 to 1843, serving 
as a member of the Committee on Manu- 
factures. In 1847 he removed to Bos- 
ton, and was elected to the Massachu- 
setts Legislature in 1849 ; after which 
he was appointed Consul to Honolulu, 
and has since that time been connected 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



1 o 
xo 



with the Government of the Sandwich 
Islands. In 1856 he visited the United 
States as Envoy; and in 1857 was Chief 
Justice and Chancellor of the Sandwich 
Islands, serving until 1864. 

Allen, Hetnan. — He was born in 
1776 ; was a resident, if not a native, of 
Milton, Vermont ; adopted the profes- 
sion of law, in which he became distin- 
guished ; and was a Representative in 
Congress from Vermont, from 1827 to 
1829, and again from 1833 to 1839, 
serving as an active member of the 
Committee on Claims. He subsequently 
settled in Burlington, Vermont, where 
he died December 11, 1844. 

Allen, Hetnan. — He was born in 
1779, and a resident of Colchester, Ver- 
mont ; he graduated at Dartmouth Col- 
lege in 1795, and adopted the profession 
of law. He was Sheriff" of Chittenden 
County in 1808 and 1809; from 1811 to 
1814 he was Chief Justice of the Chit- 
tenden County Court ; from 1812 to 
1817 he was an active member of the 
State Legislature ; was appointed quar- 
termaster of militia, with the title of 
brigadier ; and was a trustee of the Uni- 
versity of Vermont. He was first elected 
a Kepresentative in Congress from Ver- 
mont in 1817, but resigned in 1818 to 
accept from President Monroe the ap- 
pointment of United States Marshal for 
the District of Vermont. In 1823 he 
received from the same President the 
appointment of Minister to Chili, which 
he resigned in 1828; in 1830 he was 
appointed President of the United States 
Branch Bank, at Burlington, which he 
held until the expiration of its charter, 
after which he settled in the town of 
Highgate, Vermont, where he died of 
heart disease, April 9, 1852. 

Allen, (Tames C. — He was born in 
Shelby County, Kentucky, January 28, 
1823 ; received a good common school 
education, studied law, and was admit- 
ted to the bar in Indiana in 1843 ; in 
1846 was elected, for two years. Prose- 
cuting Attorney in the Seventh Judicial 
District of Indiana ; and, having re- 
moved to Illinois in 1848, was elected a 
member, in 1850 and 1851, of the State 
Legislature, and was chosen a Repre- 
sentative in Congress from Illinois, 
from 1853 to 1855, and re-elected to the 
Thirty -fourth Congress. He was chosen 
Clerk of the House of Representatives 



for the Thirty-fifth Congress, and in 
1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress as a Representative, 
serving on the Committees of Indian- 
Affairs and Unfinished Business. 

Allen, John, — Born in Great Bar- 
rington, Massachusetts, in 1763 ; was a 
lawyer by profession, and a member of 
the State Council of Connecticut for 
several years ; was a Representative 
from that State during the last Congress 
which was held in Philadelphia, from 
1797 to 1799. He died at Litchfield, 
Connecticut, July 31, 1812. 

Allen, John J. — He was born in 
Virginia, was a resident of Harrison 
County, and was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 
1833 to 1835, and served as a member 
of the Committee on the District of Co- 
lumbia. He subsequently held the office 
of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 
of Virginia. 

Allen, John W. — Born in Litch- 
field, Connecticut, in 1802; settled in 
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1825, and was a 
member of the Senate of that State from 
1835 to 1837, also Mayor of Cleveland; 
and was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress from 1837 to 1841, serving as a 
member of the Committee on the Mili- 
tia and Military Alfairs. 

Allen, Joseph. — He was born in 
Boston; was a merchant in Leicester, 
and benefactor of the Academy there ; 
twice Elector for President; was a Clerk 
of the County Court and a State Coun- 
cillor ; and a Representative in Congress, 
from Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1813. 
He died at Worcester, September 2, 
1827, aged seventy-eight years. 

Allen, Judson. — He was born in 
Connecticut, and removing to New 
York was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 
1841, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Mileage. 

Allen, Nathaniel. — He was born 
in Dutchess County, New York; served 
in the Assembly of that State in 1812, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1819 to 1821, and a member of the 
Committee on Manufactures. 

Allen, Philip. — He was born in 



14 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Providence, Khode Island, September 
1, 1785; graduated at Brown University 
in 1803; was elected to the State Legis- 
lature in 1819, 1820, and 1821; devoted 
much attention to the business of, ma- 
nufacturing; was Governor of Ehode 
Island during the years 1851, 1852, 
and 1853; and was elected a Senator in 
Congress, from his native State, from 
March 3, 1853, serving as a member of 
the Committees on Commerce and on 
Naval Affairs. 

Allen, JRobert. — Born in Augusta 
County, Virginia. He was a colonel in 
the army under G-eneral Jackson, a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from Tennes- 
see, from 1819 to 1827, serving as a 
member of the Committees on Com- 
merce, the Library, and Revolutionary 
Claims. He died at Carthage, Tennes- 
see, August 19, 1844, aged sixty-seven 
years. 

Allen, Hobert. — Born in Wood- 
stock, Shenandoah County, Virginia, 
July 30, 1794. He was educated at 
Dickinson and Washington colleges, 
having left the latter institution on a 
furlough of three months, for the pur- 
pose of joining a volunteer military 
force in 1813, but returned and gradu- 
ated. He studied law, and practised in 
his native place. He held for a time 
the office of Prosecutor for the Com- 
monwealth ; served five years in the 
Senate of Virginia, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1827 to 1833, serving on the Com- 
mittee for the District of Columbia. 

Allen, Samuel C. — Born in Frank- 
lin County, Massachusetts; graduated 
at Dartmouth College in 1794; was a 
Representative in the Massachusetts 
Legislature from 1806 to 1810 ; a State 
Senator from 1812 to 1815, and in 1831 ; 
and a member of the Executive Council 
in 1829 and 1830; was a Representative 
in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 
1817 to 1829, officiating as Chairman of 
the Committee on Accounts. He died 
at ISTorthfield, February 8, 1842, aged 
seventy years. 

Allen, William.— Jle was born in 
Ohio, adopted the profession of law, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Ross County, Ohio, from 1833 to 1835, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Indian Affairs ; was elected a Senator 



in Congress, from 1837 to 1849, serving 
as a member of several important com- 
mittees in the Senate, during his first 
term. 

Allen, William. — Born in Butler 
County, Ohio, August 13, 1827; received 
a good English education, and taught 
school for a time ; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1849; in 1850 he 
was elected a County Prosecuting At- 
torney, and re-elected in 1852 ; and in 
1858 was elected a Representative, from 
Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv- 
ing on the Committee on Accounts. Re- 
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
serving as Chairman of Committee on 
Interior Department. Was a delegate 
to the Chicago Convention in 1864. 

Allen, William tT. — He was born 

in Tennessee in 1828; removed with his 
father to Illinois in 1829; studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1848 ; in 
1854 he was elected to the Illinois Le- 
gislature; in 1855 was appointed United 
States Attorney for the District of Il- 
linois, which he resigned in 18G0, and 
was then elected Judge of the Circuit 
Court. In 1862 he was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Illinois, to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, for the unexpired 
term of John S. Logan, resigned, and 
was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee of 
Claims. 

Allen, Willis. — He was born in 
Tennessee, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Illinois, from 1851 to 
1855. 

Alley, tTohn B. — Born in Lynn, 

Massachusetts, January 7, 1817; re- 
ceived a good common school educa- 
tion ; was apprenticed to a shoemaker, 
and received his freedom when nineteen 
years of age, after which he devoted 
himself to trading ; he subsequently en- 
tered largely into the shoe and leather 
business, which he has since followed; 
he served several years in the City 
Councils of Lynn ; was a member of the 
Governor's Council in 1851 ; a member 
of the Massachusetts Senate in 1852 ; 
of the State Constitutional Convention 
held in 1853, and in 1858 was elected a 
Representative from Massachusetts to 
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Post-offices and Post- 
roads. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



15 



and also to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on Post-offices and Post-roads. 

Allison, James. — He was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from Bea- 
ver County, Pennsylvania, from 1823 
to 1825. 

Allison, John.—B.e was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1853, and was re-elected to the Thirty- 
fourth Congress. 

Allison, Mobert.—B^e was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1831 tol833. 

Allison, William B.— He was born 
in the Township of Perry, Wayne 
County, Ohio, March 2, 1829; spent the 
most of his boyhood on a farm ; was 
educated chiefly at Alleghany College, 
Pennsylvania, and at the Western Re- 
serve College, Ohio ; studied law, came 
to the bar in 1851, and practised the 
profession in Ohio until 1857, when he 
settled in Dubuque, Iowa. He was a 
delegate to the Chicago Convention of 
1860; in 1861 he was a member of the 
Governor's staff, and rendered essential 
service in raising troops for the war; 
and in 1862 he was elected a Represen- 
tative from Iowa to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committees on 
Public Lands, and Roads and Canals. 

Alston, Lemuel J. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1807 to 1811. 

Alston, William J, — He was born 
in Georgia, and removing to Alabama, 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was 
a member of the Committee on Post- 
offices and Post-roads. 

Alston, Willis. — Born in Halifax 
County, North Carolina. He appeared 
in public life as early as 1794, serving 
in the State Legislature for several 
years, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1799 to 1803. Died, April 
10, 1837. 

Alston, Willis, Jr. — Born in North 
Carolina, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 



1815, and from 1825 to 1831. During 
the war of 1812 he was Chairman of the 
Committee of Ways and Means. 

Alvorcl, C — He was a native of 
Massachusetts ; received a liberal edu- 
cation ; adopted the profession of law ; 
served one term in each branch of the 
State Legislature ; and was elected a 
Representative from Massachusetts to 
the Twenty-sixth Congress, but died 
before taking his seat, in the latter part 
of 1839. 

Ames, Fisher. — He was born in 
Dedham, Massachusetts, April 9, 1756, 
and died July 4, 1808. He entered 
Harvard University at the age of twelve 
years, and graduated with honor ; and 
having studied law, commenced the 
practice of his profession, in his native 
town, in 1781. He was acknowledged 
to be the most eloquent debater in the 
House of Representatives, and was the 
author of the "Address" of that body, 
to Washington, on his retirement from 
the Presidency. He was ,a prominent 
member of the Massachusetts Conven- 
tion for ratifying the Constitution, in 
1788, and after retiring from political 
life, having served in Congress for eight 
years, he was elected President of Har- 
vard University, but declined the honor. 
He was an industrious writer as well as 
a great orator ; and his collected writ- 
ings, with a memoir, were published in 
1809. 

Ames, Oalies. — He was born in 
Easton, Bristol County, Massachusetts, 
January 10, 1804; has ever been a manu- 
facturer by profession ; was a member, 
for two years, of the Executive Council 
of the State, and in 1862 he was elected 
a Representative from Massachusetts 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
on the Committees on Revolutionary 
Claims, and Manufactures. 

Ancona, Sydenham E. — He was 

born in Warwick, Lancaster County, 
Pennsylvania, November 20, 1824, and 
was elected in 1860 a Representative 
from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-se- 
venth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on the Militia and on Manu- 
factures. In 1862 he was re-elected to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as 
a member of the Committees on Manu- 
factures, and on the Militia. 



16 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Anderson, Alexander. — He was 

a Senator in Congress, from the Knox- 
ville District, Tennessee, during the 
years 1840 and 1841, a part of a term, 
and served as a member of the Com- 
mittee on the Militia. 

Anderson, HugJitT. — Born in 1801, 
in Maine, and was Clerk of the Waldo 
County Courts from 1827 to 1837, and a 
Representative in Congress, from Maine, 
from 1837 to 1841, and a member of the 
Committee on Naval Affairs. He was. 
a lawyer by profession; Governor of 
Maine from 1844 to 1847 ; and Commis- 
sioner of Customs in Washington, from 
1853 to 1858. 

Anderson, Isaac. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1808 to 1807. 

Anderson, John. — He was born 
in Cumberland, Maine ; was a graduate 
of Bowdoin College in 1818; studied law 
and admitted to the bar in 1816 ; a mem- 
ber of the Maine Senate in 1824, and 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Cumberland County, Maine, 
from 1825 to 1838, serving as a member 
of the Committees on Elections and 
Naval Aifairs. He was also Mayor of 
Portland in 1883 and 1842 ; United 
States District Attorney from 1888 to 
1887 ; and Collector of Customs at Port- 
land from 1887 to 1841, and from 1848 
to 1848. He died August 21, 1853, aged 
sixty-one years. 

Anderson, Joseph. — He was born 

near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, No- 
vember 5, 1757 ; enjoyed what was 
called at the time a good education ; 
studied law ; was appointed an ensign 
in the New Jersey line in 1775 ; was pro- 
moted to an adjutancy ; as a captain, 
fought at the battle of Monmouth ; he 
also went, in 1779, with Sullivan against 
the Six Nations ; in 1780 he was at Val- 
ley Forge ; in 1781 at the siege of York ; 
and after the war he retired with the 
rank of brevet-major. He practised 
law in Delaware for seven years. In 
1791 was appointed by Washington 
Judge of the territory south of the 
Ohio River ; remained in that position 
until the first Constitution of Tennes- 
see was formed, which he aided in form- 
ing in convention ; and he was an influ- 
ential member of the United States 
Senate, from Tennessee, from 1797 to 
1815, serving at all times upon impor- 



tant committees, and acting on two oc- 
casions as President ^ro tonpore of the 
Senate. He was appointed in 1815 
First Comptroller of the Treasury, 
where he remained until 1836. He 
died in Washington, April 17, 1837. 

Anderson, Joseph H. — He was 

born in New York, and was elected a 
Representative in Congress from that 
State from 1843 to 1847, and was Chair- 
man of the Committee on Agriculture, 
and a member of the Committee on Ex- 
penditures in the Treasury Department. 

Anderson, Josiah M. — He was 

born in Tennessee, and was elected a 
Representative in Congress from the 
Third District in that State, from 1849 
to 1852, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Private Land Claims. He 
was also a Delegate to the Peace Con- 
gress of 1861. 

Anderson, J, P. — He was born 
in Tennessee, and was elected a Dele- 
gate to the Thirty-fourth Congress from 
the Territory of Washington. 

Anderson, Lucien. — Was born in 
Mayfield, Kentucky, in June, 1824; 
received a good English education ; 
adopted the profession of law ; and 
served for two terms as a member of the 
Kentucky Legislature. In 1868 he was 
elected a Representative from Ken- 
tucky to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on the Distinct of Columbia. During 
the month of November, 1863, he was 
taken prisoner by a party of "'Con- 
federates," and retained in custody 
until just before the meeting of Con- 
gress, when he was exchanged. He 
was a Delegate to the Baltimore Con- 
vention of 1864, and a Presidential 
Elector in 1858. 

Anderson, Richard C, Jr. — 

Born in Jefferson County, Kentucky ; 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress from Kentucky, from 1817 to 1821, 
and was Chairman of the Committee 
on Public Lands during the Sixteenth 
Congress. In 1823 he was appointed 
Minister Plenipotentiary to Colombia, 
and in 1826 Envoy Extraordinary to 
Panama; but died November 6, 1826. 

Anderson, Samuel. — Born in 
1774, in Pennsylvania. He served re- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



17 



peatedly in the Legislature of that 
State ; was Speaker of its House in 1848 
and 1849 ; and elected a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from 1827 to 1829, and was 
a member of the Committee on the 
Boundary-Line of Missouri. He died 
in Chester, Pennsylvania, January 17, 
1850. 

Anderson, Shneon H. — Born in 
Garrard County, Kentucky, March 2, 
1832 ; studied law and practised with 
success ; served frequently in the Ken- 
tucky Legislature; was elected a Ke- 
presentative in Congress from the Fifth 
Congressional District of Kentucky, 
from 1839 to 1841, and served as a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Post-offices 
and Post-roads. He died at his resi- 
dence near Lancaster, Kentucky, Au- 
gust 11, 1840, before the expiration of 
his term of service. He had the repu- 
tation of being a remarkably indus- 
trious, useful, and amiable man. 

Anderson, Thomas S. — Born in 
Greene County, Kentucky, December 8, 
1808. He was self-educated, and re- 
moved to Missouri in 1830, where he 
commenced the practice of law at twen- 
ty-one years of age. He was elected to 
the Legislature of that State in 1840 ; 
was a Presidential Elector in 1844, 1848, 
1852, and 1856 ; and a member of the 
Convention for remodelling the State 
Constitution in 1845, and was elected a 
Eepresentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee'on Invalid Pensions. He was re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Private 
Land Claims. , 

Anderson, William. — Born in 
Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 17G3, 
and served throughout the Eevolution- 
ary War with credit, taking a prominent 
part at the siege of Yorktown. After 
the war he returned to Delaware County, 
Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1809 
to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819. He was 
afterwards a Judge of Delaware County 
Court, and a Custom-house officer at 
Chester, in that county, where he died, 
December 18, 1829. 

Anderson, William C. — Born in 

Lancaster, Garrard County, Kentucky, 
December 6, 1826; educated at the Col- 
lege of Danville ; adopted the profession 



of law ; served in the Kentuckj^ Legis- 
lature in 1851 and 1853 ; was a Presiden- 
tial Elector in 1856; and in 1859 was 
elected a Eepresentative, from Ken- 
tucky, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on the District of Columbia. Died at 
Frankfort, Kentucky, December 23, 
1861. 

Andreivs, Cliarles. — Born in Pa- 
ris, Maine, in 1814; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1837 ; was a mem- 
ber of the State Legislature from 1839 
to 1843, a portion of the time Speaker 
of the House ; and a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Maine, from 1851 to the 
time of his death, which occurred in 
Paris, April 30, 1852. 

Andreivs, George M. — He was 

born in New York, and was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from the Four- 
teenth Congressional District in that 
State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a 
member of the Committee on Elections. 

Andrews, John T. — He was born 
in New York, and was elected a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1837 to 1839, serving as a member 
of the Committee on Expenditures in 
the State Department. 

Andrews, Landaff W. — Born in 
Fleming County, Kentucky, February 
12, 1803 ; graduated at Transylvania 
University in 1824; and commenced 
the practice of law in 1826, in which 
profession he has since been actively 
engaged. He was a member of the Ken- 
tucky Legislature in 1834, and in 1838 
was elected a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, serving from 1839 to 1843, and 
acted on the Committees on Eevolu- 
tionary Pensions and Accounts. He 
was also a member of the Kentucky 
Senate. 

Andreivs, Samuel G. — He was 

born in Derby, New Haven County, 
Connecticut, October 16, 1799; received 
an academical education, and removed 
with his father to Eochester, New York, 
in 1816. He was occupied chiefly in 
mercantile and manufacturing pursuits ; 
was for several years Mayor of Eoches- 
ter ; was a member of the New York 
Legislature in 1831 and 1832, from Mon- 
roe County, New York ; Clerk of the 
Monroe County Court ; Secretary of the 



18 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



State Senate of New York for four years ; 
Clerk of the Court of Dernier Kesort for 
four years ; and was Postmaster of Ro- 
chester. He was elected a Eepresenta- 
tive, from New York, to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Eoads and Canals. Died 
in Rochester, New York, in 1863. 

Andreivs, Sherloch J. — Born in 
Wallingford, Connecticut, in 1801 ; gra- 
duated at Union College; settled in 
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1825, and practised- 
law ; was Judge of the Superior Court of 
that State, and elected a Representative 
in Congress, from 1841 to 1843, and was 
a member of the Committee on Com- 



Angel, William G. — He was a na- 
tive of Newshoreham, Rhode Island ; 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Burlington, Otsego County, 
New York, from 1825 to 1827, and again 
from 1829 to 1833, and was a member of 
the Committees on Indian Affairs, and 
on Territories. 

Anthony, Henry B. — He was 

born in Coventry, Rhode Island, April 
1, 1815, of Quaker ancestry ; graduated 
at Brown University in 1833; and in 
1838 he assumed the editorial charge of 
the Providence Journal, which he re- 
tained until called to a seat in theUnited 
States Senate. He was elected Governor 
of Rhode Island in 1849, re-elected in 
1850, and declined a re-election; was 
elected a Senator in Congress, from 
Rhode Island, for the term commencing 
in 1859, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Printing ; and in 1864 
was re-elected for the long term, ending 
in 1871. 

Atithony, Joseph S. — Born in 

Pennsylvania; was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1833 to 1837, serving as a member of the 
Committees on Territories and Military 
Affairs. He died at Williamsport, Penn- 
sylvania, January 17, 1851. 

Appleton, John.— Born in Bever- 
ly, Massachusetts, February 11, 1815 ; 
graduated at Bowdoin College, Maine, 
in 1834 ; was admitted to practise law 
at Portland, Maine, in 1837. In the 
winter of 1838-39 he became editor of a 
Democratic newspaper in that city (The 
Eastern Argus), and continued to be its 



editor for the next four or five years, 
during a part of which time he was also 
Register of Probate for the County of 
Cumberland. In 1845 he accepted an 
invitation from Mr. Bancroft, the Se- 
cretary of the Navy, to become Chief 
Clerk of the Navy Department ; subse- 
quently he succeeded Mr. Trist as Chief 
Clerk of the State Department, which 
was then presided over by Mr. Bucha- 
nan. In 1848 he was appointed, by 
President Polk, Charg6 d' Affaires of 
the United States to Bolivia. On his 
return from that mission, which he re- 
signed after the election of General 
Taylor, he resumed the practice of law 
at Portland, in partnership with Na- 
than Clifford, now one of the judges of 
the Supreme Court of the United States ; 
but soon afterwards, in September, 1850, 
he was elected, from the Portland Dis- 
trict, a member of the Thirty-second 
Congi'ess. In 1855 he joined Mr. Bu- 
chanan, at London, as Secretary of Le- 
gation, but returned home in time for 
the Presidential canvass of 1856. In 
1857, having been obliged from ill 
health to decline the position to which 
he had been invited, of editor of the 
" Washington Union," he was appoint- 
ed, by President Buchanan, Assistant 
Secretary of State. In May, 1860, he 
was appointed Minister to Russia. He 
died, in Portland, Maine, August 22, 
1864. 

Appleton, Nathan. — Born at New 

Ipswich, New Hampshire, October 6, 
1779. He entered Dartmouth College 
in 1794, but left his studies there, after 
being invited by his brother to join him 
in 'the mercantile business in Boston. 
He became interested in the cotton ma- 
nufacture, and in 1821 was one of the 
three original founders of Lowell. He 
was at different periods a member of 
the Legislature of Massachusetts, and 
from 1831 to 1833, and again in 1842, 
was elected a Representative of that 
State in Congress ; but soon resigned 
his seat, and has since taken no part in 
public affairs. He has published pam- 
phlets and essays on Currency, Bank- 
ing, and the Tariff. He died in Boston, 
July 14, 1861. 

Appleton, William. — Born in 

Brookfield, Massachusetts, November, 
1786, and was educated for mercantile 
pursuits, in which he has been engaged 
extensively and successfully for more 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



19 



than fifty years. He has taken a promi- 
nent part in various public enterprises 
and benevolent objects ; given much at- 
tention to banking and financial opera- 
tions, and was for some years, and until 
the close of the institution, President of 
the Branch Bank of the United States in 
Boston. In 1850 he was elected a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, and re-elected in 1852. He 
was also elected to the Thirtj^-seventh 
Congress, but died in February, 18G2, 
in Boston. 

Archer, JTohn. — He was born in 
Harford County, Maryland, in 1741, 
and graduated at Nassau Hall in 1760. 
He studied divinity, but on account of 
a throat affection, turned his attention 
to medicine, and went through a course 
of study at the Philadelphia Medical 
College, having received the first medi- 
cal diploma ever issued in the New 
World. At the commencement of the 
Eevolution, he had command of a mili- 
tary company ; was a member of the 
State Legislature ; and after the war he 
practised his profession; he was a Re- 
presentative in Congress from Mary- 
land, from 1801 to 1807 ; and died in 
1810. As a medical man he commanded 
great influence, and several discoveries 
were made by him, which have been 
adopted by the jirofession. 

Archer, Stephenson. — He was 

born in Harford County, Maryland, and 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1811 to 1817, when 
he was appointed Judge of Mississippi 
Territory. He was chosen a Repre- 
sentative in Congress again, from 1819 
to 1821, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Foreign Affairs. 

Archer, Willia'tn S. — Born in 
Amelia County, Virginia, March 5, 
1789. He came of a Welsh family, a 
number of whom acquitted themselves 
with honor in the revolutionary war. 
He obtained the rudiments of his edu- 
cation at the best grammar schools of 
the day ; graduated at the College of 
William and Mary ; and studied law. 
In 1812 he was elected to the State 
Legislature, where he served, excepting 
one year, until 1819. In 1820 he was 
elected a Representative in Congress 
from Virginia, where he remained until. 
1835, taking an active part in all mat- 
ters of national importance, and exert- 



ing a paramount influence, especially 
as Chairman of the Committee on Fo- 
reign Relations, and member of the 
Committee on the Missouri Compro- 
mise. In 1841 he was elected to the 
United States Senate, where he re- 
mained until 1847, having, from the 
start, been placed at the head of the 
Committee on Foreign Relations in that 
body. By his public acts, he com- 
manded the respect of the country ; and 
by the charms of his private character, 
won the friendship of many of the lead- 
ing men of his day. On his retirement 
from public life, he devoted himself to 
the improvement of his paternal estate ; 
and died March 28, 185.5, of neuralgia, 
with which he had been afilicted for 
twenty years. 

Armsfronff, James. — A native of 
Pennsylvania; distinguished himself in 
the Indian wars, and was consulted hj 
the proprietors of Pennsj'lvania on all 
matters connected with Indian affairs. 
In 1776, Congress promoted him from 
the rank of colonel to that of brigadier- 
general, and he assisted in the defence 
of Fort Moultrie, and in the battle of 
Germantown; in 1777 he resigned his 
commission in consequence of dissatis- 
faction as to rank. He was subsequently 
elected a Representative to Congress 
from Pennsylvania, serving from 1793 
to 1795, and sustained a number of other 
honorable offices. He died at Carlisle, 
Penna., March 9, 1795, a few days after 
the expiration of his term in Congress. 

Armstrong, John. — He was a na- 
tive of Pennsylvania, and served as an 
ofiicer during the revolutionary war. 
At the close of the war, in order to ob- 
tain redress for the grievances sustained 
by the officers of the army, he prepared 
the celebrated " Newburgh Letters," 
and they produced a deep sensation. 
After the war he returned to Pennsyl- 
vania, where he was made adjutant- 
general of the State ; and to him was 
intrusted the direction of the last Penn- 
sylvania war against the Connecticut 
settlers of Wyoming. Returning to 
New York, he was sent to the Senate 
of the United States, serving from 1800 
to 1804, when he resigned. On the re- 
turn of Chancellor Livingston from the 
French embassy, he was commissioned 
Minister in his place in 1804. Return- 
ing to his own country, he was called 
to the War Department by President 



20 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Madison. During the campaign of 1813, 
he visited the northern frontier. His 
flight from Washington, with Mr. Madi- 
son and his cabinet, at the sacking of 
1814, gave the coup de grace to his offi- 
cial career as Secretary of War. It was 
charged that the capital was lost by 
reason of his neglect to provide the 
means of defence. He was dismissed 
from office, and the duties of the War 
Department devolved upon Mr. Monroe, 
then Secretary of State. From that 
time he lived in retirement upon his- 
estate at Eed Hook, but passed a few 
years in Maryland. He published a 
brief history of the last war with Eng- 
land. He died at Eed Hook, New York, 
April 1, 1843, aged eighty-four years. 

Armstrong, William. — He was 

born in Lisburn, Antrim County, Ire- 
land, December 23, 1782. He came to 
this country in 1792 ; had a limited 
education ; studied law in Winchester, 
Virginia; devoted himself to mercan- 
tile pursuits. In 1818 he was appointed 
by President Madison Collector for the 
Sixth District of Virginia ; in 1818 and 
1819 he was a member of the Virginia 
House of Delegates ; in 1822 and 1823, 
a member of the Board of Public Works ; 
and in 1820 and 1824 he was a Presiden- 
tial Elector ; for many years a Justice 
of the Peace; one year High Sheriff of 
Hampshire County ; and he was a Re- 
presentative in Congress from 1825 to 
1883. Since that time he has lived in 
retirement in the pleasant valley of the 
South Branch of the Potomac. 

Arnold, Senedict. — He was a mem- 
ber of the Assembly of New York, from 
Amsterdam, Montgomery County, in 
1816 and 1817, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1829 to 1831. 

Arnold, Isaac W. — Born in Hard- 
wicke, Otsego County, New York, in 
November, 1815 ; while engaged in ac- 
quiring an education he taught school, 
studied law, and came to the bar in 
1885 ; in 1836 he removed to Chicago, 
Illinois ; in 1837 he was First Clerk of 
the City of Chicago ; in 1843 he was 
elected to the Illinois Legislature, and 
took an active part in the canal im- 
provements ; in 1844 he was Presiden- 
tial Elector ; was for a time attorney for 
the Illinois and Michigan Canal ; and in 
1860 he was elected a Representative, 



from Illinois, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving as chairman of the 
Select Committee on the Defences and 
Fortifications of the Great Lakes and 
Rivers. In 1862 he was elected for 
another term to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving *on the Committee of 
Manufactures, and as Chairman of that 
on Roads and Canals. 

Arnold, Lemuel H. — Born in St. 
Johnsbury, Vermont, January 29, 1792, 
and removed to Rhode Island at an 
early age. He graduated at Dartmouth 
College, in 1811 ; was educated for the 
bar, but turned his attention to mercan- 
tile pursuits. In 1831, he was elected 
Governor of Rhode Island, and re- 
elected in 1832 ; he was a member of the 
Governor's Council during the Dorr re- 
bellion in 1842 ; was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1845 to 1847 ; and 
died in Kingston, Rhode Island, June 
27, 1852. 

Arnold, Samuel. — He was born 
in Haddam, Middlesex County, Con- 
necticut, June 1, 1806; received his 
education at Plainfield Academy, in 
Connecticut, and Westfleld Academy, 
in Massachusetts ; has devoted the most 
of his life to agricultural pursuits, and 
to various interests of commerce ; hav- 
ing also for many years carried on one 
of the most extensive stone quarries in 
the Union. He was, also, for a number 
of years, President of the Bank of East 
Haddam. He served his native county, 
in the Legislature, during the years 
1839, 1842, 1844, and 1851, and was 
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
as a Representative from Connecticut, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Claims. 

Arnold, Samuel G. — Born in 
Providence, Rhode Island, April 12, 
1821 ; graduated at Brown University 
in 1841 ; having taken a year from the 
course to travel in Europe and the East; 
spent two years in a counting-house in 
Providence, and again visited Europe ; 
spent two years at the Harvard Law 
School, and having graduated, came to 
the bar in 1845; but instead of practis- 
ing, again visited Europe, and also 
South America. In 1852 he was elected 
Lieutenant-Governor of Rhode Island ; 
in 1859 and 1860, he published the His- 
tory of the State of Rhode Island, a 
work upon which he had long been en- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



21 



gaged ; in 1861 he was a Delegate to the 
Peace Convention, and again chosen 
Lieutenant-Governor of the State ; and 
on the breaking out of the Kebellion, he 
took the field, for a few weeks, in com- 
mand of a battery of artillery, as aide-de- 
camp to Governor Sprague. In 1862, he 
was again elected Lieutenant-Governor 
of Khode Island, and was soon afterwards 
chosen Senator in Congress from Khode 
Island, for the unexpired term of J. F. 
Simmons, resigned, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Commerce and Claims. 



Arnold, Tliomas D. — He was 

elected a Representative in Congress, 
from Knox County, Tennessee, from 
1831 to 1833, and for a second term, 
from 1841 to 1848, representing Green- 
ville County ; he was a member 'of the 
Committees on Elections and Claims. 

Arrington, Archibald. — He was 

born in North Carolina, and represented 
that State in Congress, from 1841 to 1845, 
after which he retired to private life. 
He was a member of the Committee on 
Expenditures in the War Department. 

Ash, Michael W. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1885 to 1837, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Naval Aflairs. 

Ashe, John Baptiste. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from 179U 
to 1793 ; was elected Governor of the 
State of North Carolina, in 1801 ; and 
died November 27, 18U2. He was a 
Delegate to the Continental Congress 
in 1787 and 1788. 

Ashe, John B. — He was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from Ten- 
nessee, from 1848 to 1845, representing 
the Tenth District, and serving as a 
member of the Committees on Invalid 
Pensions, and Expenditures in the State 
and Treasury Departments. 

Ashe, William S. — Born in Wil- 
mington, North Carolina; a lawyer by 
profession ; served in the State Legisla- 
ture in 1846, and was re-elected in 1848 ; 
he was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1849 to 1853, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Expenditures in the State 
Department. 



Ashley, Chester. — Born at West- 
field, Massachusetts, June 1, 1790, but 
was removed in infancy to Hudson, 
New York, where he resided until he 
reached the age of twenty-seven. He 
then went to Illinois, and after prac- 
tising law in that State for two years, 
removed to the Territory of ^kansas, 
and established himself in Little Rock, 
then a mere landing. He was chosen 
a Senator in Congress, in 1847, and was 
Chairman of the Judiciary Committee 
in that body. He served until his 
death, which occurred in Washington 
City, April 29, 1848. 

Ashley, Henry. — He was born in 
Cheshire, New Hampshire, and was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
from Delaware and Greene counties, 
New York, from 1825 to 1827. 

Ashley, James M. — Born in Vir- 
ginia in 1824 ; was self-educated ; be- 
came an adventurer at the age of fifteen, 
at one time acting as clerk on the store 
boats of the Ohio and Mississippi, and 
then doing service in a printing office. 
He studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar of Ohio in 1849 ; but, instead of 
practising his profession, he went into 
the business of boat-building, and was 
connected with the press. He subse- 
quently settled at Toledo, and went 
into the wholesale drug business, and 
was elected a Representative from Ohio, 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committee on Ter- 
ritories. Re-elected to the Thirty-se- 
venth Congress, and made Chairman of 
the Committee on Territories, and also 
re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee of 
Claims, and as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Territories. 

Ashley, William H. — Born in 
Powhatan County, Virginia, and emi- 
grated to Missouri, then Upper Louisi- 
ana, in 1808, and settled near the Lead 
Mines. In 1822, he projected the 
scheme of the "Mountain Expedition," 
by uniting the Indian trade in the 
Rocky Mountains with the hunting and 
trapping business. He enlisted about 
three hundred hardy men in the business, 
and, after various successes and reverses, 
having sustained numerous losses by 
Indian robbery and river disasters, he 
and his associates realized a handsome 
fortune. He was the first Lieutenant- 



22 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Governor of Missouri, after it became a 
State, and a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1831 to 1837. He died near 
Boonville, Missouri, March 26, 1838. 

Ashmore, John D. — Born in 
Greenville District, South Carolina, 
August 7, 1819 ; served as a mei-chant's 
clerk for* several years, and then taught 
school until he became of age ; studied 
law, but instead of following that pro- 
fession, turned his attention to agricul- 
ture ; when quite young, filled various 
offices in the State Militia ; was a mem-- 
ber of the South Carolina Legislature 
in 1848, 1850, and 1852 ; in 1853, he was 
elected Comptroller-General of the State 
for two years, and re-elected for a 
second term ; and he was subsequently 
elected a Representative from South 
Carolina to the Thirty-sixth Congress. 
Resigned in December, 1860. 

Ashniun, Eli Pease. — He was a 

distinguished lawyer, and for several 
years a member of the House of Repre- 
sentatives and Senate of Massachusetts ; 
and was elected, in 1816, to succeed 
General Varnum as Senator from that 
State, in Congress ; this office he re- 
signed in 1818. He died at North- 
ampton, Massachusetts, May 10, 1819, 
aged forty-eight. 

Ashmun. George. — Born in 

Brandford, Massachusetts, December 
25, 1804 ; graduated at Yale College in 
1823 ; studied law and settled in Spring- 
field in 1828. He served in the State 
Legislature during the years 1833, 1835, 
1836, 1838, and 1841, officiating as 
Speaker of the House in the latter year. 
He was a Eepresentative in Congress 
from 1845 to 1851, and was a member 
of the Committees on the Judiciary, 
Indian Aftairs, and on Rules. Since 
that time he has been devoted to the 
practice of his profession. In 1860 he 
was elected President of the Chicago 
Convention, convened to nominate a 
President and Vice-President. 

Atchison, David It. — He was born 
in Frogtown, Fayette County, Ken- 
tucky, August 11, 1807; was educated 
for the bar ; and removed to Missouri 
in 1830. He was elected to the Legis- 
lature of that State in 1834 and 1838. 
In 1841 he was appointed Judge of the 
Platte County Circuit Court ; and dur- 
ing the year 1843, was appointed a Sena- 



tor in Congress, to which position he 
was twice elected, serving until 1855, 
frequently at the head of important 
committees, and for several sessions as 
President jo?'o tempore of the Senate. 
He was subsequently devoted to agri- 
cultural pursuits. 

Atherton, Charles G. — He was 

born in Hillsborough County, New 
Hampshire, July 4, 1804 ; graduated at 
Cambridge in 1822 ; studied law, but 
engaged in politics when quite young ; 
he was for many years in the Legisla- 
ture of New Hampshire, and for three 
years Speaker of the House ; he was a 
Representative in Congress, from 1837 
to 1843 ; a Senator in Congress, from 
1843 to 1849 ; and, in November, 1852, 
he was re-elected a Senator to fill a 
vacancy, and died of apoplexy in Man- 
chester, New Hampshire, November 15, 
1853. He was Chairman, in the Senate, 
of the Committee on Finance. 

Atherton, Charles H. — He was 

born in Amherst, New Hampshire, 
August 14, 1773, and graduated at Har- 
vard College in 1794. He held the office 
of Register of Probate, from 1798 to 
1807 ; was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1815 to 1817 ; and stood at the head 
of the bar in Hillsborough County for 
many years. He died in Amherst, 
January 8, 1853. 

Atkins, John D. C. — He was born 
in Henry County, Tennessee, on the 4th 
of June, 1825 ; graduated at the Uni- 
versity of East Tennessee in 1846 ; was 
elected to the lower branch of the Legis- 
lature in 1849 and 1851 ; was elected to 
the State Senate in 1855 ; was a Presi- 
dential Elector in 1856 ; and was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from Ten- 
nessee, in 1857, and was a member of 
the Committee on Post-offices and Post- 
roads. 

Atkinson, Archibald. — Born in 

Isle of Wight County, Virginia, Sep- 
tember 13, 1792. He left school at the 
age of eighteen, and entered the office 
of the Clerk of the County Court, and 
performed the duties of copyist, devot- 
ing his leisure time to the study of law, 
which he completed at the Law School 
of William and Mary College. In 1813 
he joined the troops at Norfolk, as en- 
sign of a volunteer company, which 
was attached to the 29th Regiment, and 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



was at the battle of Craney Island. 
Upon leaving the army he commenced 
the practice of law in Smithfield, and 
was a member of the General Assembly 
from 1815 to 1817, and also of the House 
of Delegates and State Senate for seve- 
ral years. In 1843 he was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
and served until 1848, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committees on Naval Aifairs 
and Commerce. He was Prosecuting 
Attorney for his county twenty years ; 
Mayor of Smithfield, and a magistrate. 

Austin, Archibald. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1817 to 1819. 

Averett, TJiomas H. — He was 

born in Virginia ; was a resident of 
Halifax County, and elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from the Third 
District in that State, from 1849 to 1853, 
and was a member of the Committees 
on Invalid Pensions, and on Revisal, 
and Unfinished Business. 

Avery, Daniel. — He was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from Hamil- 
ton County, New York, from 1811 to 
1815, and from Cayuga County, from 
1816 to 1817. 

Avery, William T. — Born in 
Maury County, Tennessee, November 
11, 1819, and was very early in life 
thrown upon his own resources for edu- 
cation and support ; he is a lawyer by 
profession ; and was elected to the Legis- 
lature of Tennessee in 1843. He held 
several creditable positions in his native 
State, and was chosen a Representative 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as 
a member of the Committees on Expen- 
ditures in the State Department, and on 
Private Land Claims ; re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Private Land Claims. 

Aycrigg, Jolm JB. — He was born in 
New York, and was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Jersey, 
from 1837 to 183^9, and again from 1841 
to 1843, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Expenditures in the Treasury 
Department, and the Joint Committee 
on the Library, and on Invalid Pen- 
sions. He was a candidate for election 
to the Twenty-sixth Congress, and al- 
though he came with the " Broad Seal" 
of New Jersey, he was not admitted. 



Bahhitt, Elijah. — Born in Provi- 
dence, Rhode Island, in 1796; received 
a common school and academic educa- 
tion, in the States of New York and 
Pennsylvania; studied law in tho lat- 
ter State, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1824 ; was Prosecuting Attorney 
for the State in 1833 ; served in the 
State Legislature in 1836 and 1837 ; was 
a State Senator in 1844 and 1845 ; and 
was elected a Representative, from Penn- 
sylvania, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Revolutionary Pensions. Re-elected 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress. 

Babcock, Alfred. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1841 to 1843. 

Babcock, Leander. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1851 to 1853. 

Babcock, William, — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1831 to 1833. 

Bacon, Ezekiel. — He was born in 
Stockbridge, Massachusetts, in 1776; 
graduated at Yale College in 1804 ; the 
son of John Bacon ; was a member of 
the State Legislature in 1805 and 1806; 
Chief Justice of the Court of Common 
Pleas for the "Western District of Mas- 
sachusetts, in 1813; First Comptroller 
of the United States Treasury from 1813 
to 1815; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1807 to 
1813. 

Bacon, tfohn. — He was born in 
Canterbury, Connecticut, in 1737; gra- 
duated at the College of New Jersey 
in 1765; studied theology, and, after 
preaching for a time in Maryland, re- 
moved to Massachusetts, and settled in 
Boston. Owing to some difficulties with 
his congregation, he relinquished the 
ministry, and subsequently held the po- 
sitions of magistrate, Representative in 
the State Legislature, Presiding Judge 
of the Court of Common Pleas, a mem- 
ber and President of the State Senate, 
and that of Representative in Congress, 
from Massachusetts, from 1801 to 1803. 
He died in Berkshire County, October 
25, 1820. 

Badger, George E. — Born in the 



24 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



town of Newbern, North Carolina, in 
1795. He graduated at Yale College 
in 1813 ; studied and practised law ; and 
was elected to the Legislature in 1816. 
In 1820, he was elected a Judge of the 
Supreme Court, which he resigned in 
1825 ; he was appointed Secretary of the 
Navy by President Harrison in 1841 ; 
and was elected a Senator in Congress 
in 1846, and re-elected in 1848 for a 
term of six years, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Military and Naval Affairs. 
Of late years he has been wholly de- 
voted to the practice of his profession," 
visiting Washington occasionally to ar- 
gue cases in the Supreme Court of the 
United States. 

Badger, Luther. — Born in Par- 

tridgefield, Berkshire County, Massa- 
chusetts, April 10, 1785, but his father 
removed to Broome County, New York, 
in 1786. Having made sufficient ac- 
quaintance in the common branches of 
an English education, he entered Ham- 
ilton College at the age of nineteen, and 
spent two years there. In 1807 he 
commenced the study of law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1812, and con- 
tinued to practise his profession until 
1824, when he was elected a Kepresen- 
tative to the Nineteenth Congress. He 
had been engaged in military services 
in his State, and in 1819 was appointed, 
by Governor Clinton, Judge-Advocate 
for the 27th Brigade of Infantry of 
New York State, which office he held 
for eight years. In 1832 he resumed 
the practice of law, and in 1840 was ap- 
pointed Examiner in Chancery and 
Commissioner of United States Loans, 
which office he held for three years. 
Prom 1846 to 1849 he was United States 
District Attorney for New York. 

Bcier, George. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Maryland, 
from 1797 to 1801, and again from 1815 
to 1817. 

Bcighy, Arthur P. — He was born 
in Virginia in 1794 ; was liberally edu- 
cated; adopted the profession of law, 
and settled in Alabama in 1818; was 
elected a member of the Legislature in 
1820 and 1822, and was Speaker of the 
House ; was Governor of Alabama from 
1837 to 1843; and a Senator in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1842 to 
1849. His last public position was that 
of Minister to Eussia, to which he was 



appointed in 1848. He died of vellow 
fever at Mobile, September 21, 1858. 

Bailey, David J. — He was born 
in Georgia, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1855. 

Bailey, Goldsmith F. — Born in 
Westmoreland, New Hampshire, July 
17, 1823 ; finished his schooling at the 
age of sixteen ; became a printer and 
edited a country paper ; studied law 
and was admitted to the bar in 1848 ; 
in 1856 he was elected to the Legisla- 
ture of Massachusetts ; in 1858 and 1860 
to the Senate of the State ; and was 
elected a Eepresentative from Massa- 
chusetts to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress. His health was impaired when 
he took his seat in Congress, and he 
died at Pitchburg, Massachusetts, May 
8, 1862. 

Bailey, Jeremiah. — He was borir 
at Little Compton, Ehode Island; gra- 
duated at Brown University, and stu- 
died law. He was a member of the 
Maine Legislature from 1811 to 1814; a 
Judge of Probate from 1814 to 1835; 
and a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
Lincoln County, Maine, from 1835 to 
1837, serving on the Committees on 
Agriculture and Expenditures in the 
Post-office Department. He was also 
Collector of Cvistoms at Wiscasset, from 
1849 to 1853 ; and died in July of that 
year. 

Bailey, John. — He was born in 

Norfolk County, Massachusetts ; was a 
member of the Massachusetts Legisla- 
ture from 1815 to 1818 ; a clerk in the 
Department of State for a year ; a State 
Senator in 1831 and 1834; and a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, for Massachu- 
setts, from 1823 to 1831, serving on the 
Committees on Public Expenditures and 
Expenditures in the State Department; 
and died at Dorchester, Massachusetts, 
June 26, 1835. 

Bailey, Theodorus. — He was born 
in 1752 ; was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1793 to 
1797, and again from 1799 to 1803; and 
a Senator in Congress, from 1803 to 
1804, when he resigned and was ap- 
pointed Postmaster of New York City. 
He died September 6, 1828. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



25 



Baily, Joseph. — He was born on 
the Brandywine battle-ground, Ches- 
ter County, Pennsylvania, March 18, 
1810 ; received a limited education 
through his own exertions, on account 
of the moderate circumstances of his 
father, and was early apprenticed to a 
mechanical branch of business, which 
was his first step to eminent success. 
From 1839 to 1845 he represented his 
native county in both branches of the 
Legislature, and from 185U to 1854 re- 
presented Perry County, in the State 
Senate. In 18o-4 he was Treasurer of 
the State of Pennsylvania, and in 1860 
was elected a Kepresentativefrom Penn- 
sylvania to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, serving on the committees on 
Agriculture and Printing. He was also 
re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, and served on the same Com- 
mittees. 

Baker, Caleb. — He was born in 
Providence, Rhode Island ; served four 
years in the New York Assembly ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1819 to 1821. 

JBaher, David J. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Illinois, from 
1830 to 1831. 

Baker, Edward D. — Was born 
in England, brought to this country 
when a child, and was early left an or- 
phan in Philadelphia. His father was 
a weaver, and when a boy, he worked 
at that business himself. He obtained 
an education under many difficulties ; 
first studied for the ministry, but soon 
turned his attention to the law, becom- 
ing famous as an advocate in Illinois, 
to which State he emigrated in his nine- 
teenth year. After serving in the Illi- 
nois Legislature for two years ; he re- 
signed, and in 1846, went to Mexico as a 
colonel of volunteers, acquitting himself 
with credit at Cerro Gordo. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from Illi- 
nois, from 1849 to 1851 ; after which, he 
took an active part in the building of the 
Panama Railroad ; in 1852, he settled 
in San Francisco, devoting himself to 
his profession ; he subsequently removed 
to Oregon, which State he represented 
as a Senator in Congress, taking his 
seat in March, 1861. At the outbreak 
of the Rebellion, in 1861, he raised a 
body of men in Philadelphia, called the 
California Regiment, and while gal- 



lantly leading them in battle at Lees- 
burg, Virginia, against a superior force, 
he was shot from his horse and killed, 
October 21, 1861. 

Baker, Ezra. — He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New Jersey, 
from 1815 to 1817. 

Baker, John. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1811 to 1813. He was a lawyer, 
and died in Shepherdstown, Virginia, 
August 18, 1823. 

Baker, Osmyn. — He was born in 
Amherst, Massachusetts, May 18, 1800 ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1822 ; 
adopted the profession of law ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from his 
native State, from 1839 to 1845. He 
was also a member of the Massachu- 
setts Legislature in 1833 and 1834; State 
Councillor in 1853 and 1854. 

Baker, Stephen. — He was born in 
the city of New York, August 12, 1819 ; 
at an early age engaged in mercantile 
pursuits, from which he retired in 1849, 
to a country seat in Dutchess County, 
New York ; and was elected a Repre- 
sentative from New York to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Roads and Canals, and on 
Patents. 

Baldwin, Abraham. — Was a na- 
tive of Connecticut, and a graduate of 
Yale College in 1772, and^ from 1775 to 
1779 he was a tutor in that institution. 
Having studied law, he settled in Sa- 
vannah, Georgia, and soon after his ar- 
rival there he was chosen a member 
of the Legislature. He originated the 
plan of the University of Georgia, drew 
up the charter, and persuaded the As- 
sembly to adopt it, and was for some 
time its President. He was a member of 
the Continental Congress from 1785 to 
1788, and a member of the Convention 
which framed the Constitution of the 
United States. From 1789 to 1799 he 
was a Representative in Congress, and 
from 1799 to 1807 he was a member of 
the United States Senate, part of the 
time President 2^''o tern, of the Senate. 
He died March 4, 1807, aged fifty-three 
years. 

Baldwin, Augustus C. — Was 

born in Salina, New York, December 



26 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



24, 1817 ; received a common school 
education, and having lost his father 
when young, became dependent upon 
his own efforts for support ; in 1837 he 
emigrated to Michigan and settled in 
Oakland County ; studied law, and at 
the same time taught school, and came 
to the bar in 1842. In 1844 and 1846 
he was elected to the Legislature of 
Michigan ; in 1853 and 1854 was Prose- 
cuting Attorney for his adopted county ; 
was a Delegate to the Charleston and 
Baltimore Conventions of 1860 ; and in 
1862 he was elected a Eepresentative, 
from Michigan, to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committees 
on Agriculture and Expenditures in the 
Interior Department. Was a Delegate 
to the Chicago Convention in 1864. 

Baldivin, Henry. — He was born 
in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1779 ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1797 ; and 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1817 to 1822. He 
was a distinguished lawyer, and was for 
many years Associate Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of the United States. He 
died in Philadelphia, April 21, 1844. 

Baldwin, tfohn, — He was born in 
Windham, Connecticut ; and was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1825 to 1829, serving on one 
standing and one select committee. 

Baldivin, John D. — Was born in 
North Stonington, Connecticut, Sep- 
tember 28, 1810 ; was educated in Yale 
College, receiving the degree of A.M. ; 
read law, but never practised ; went 
through a course of theological studies, 
devoted himself to literary pursuits, and 
published a volume of verses. In 1842 
he became associated with the press, 
first in Hartford, and then in Boston, 
and was editor of the Daily Com- 
monwealth, a writer for the Adverti- 
ser, and subsequently became the pro- 
prietor of the Worcester Spy. In 1862 
he was elected a Representative, from 
Massachusetts, to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committees of 
Expenditures, on Public Buildings, and 
on Printing. 

Baldwin, Roger Sherman. — 

Born at New Haven, Connecticut, Janu- 
ary 4, 1798 ; graduated at Yale College 
in 1811 ; studied law at Litchfield Law 
School; was admitted to the bar in 1814, 



and established himself in practice at 
New Haven, where he has since con- 
tinued to reside. In 1837 he was elect- 
ed to the State Senate, re-elected in 
1838, and chosen President p7'o tern, of 
that body. In 1840 and 1841 he was a 
Eepresentative in the General Assem- 
bly, and in the latter year was associa- 
ted with J. Q. Adams in the argument 
before the Supreme Court of the Uni- 
ted States, in the case of the Africans of 
the Amistad. In 1844 and 1845 he was 
Governor of the State, and in 1847 was 
elected to the United States Senate by 
the Legislature of Connecticut, serving 
until 1851. He subsequently engaged 
in his professional duties. He was also 
a member of the Peace Congress of 
1861, and died in New Haven, Febru- 
ary 19, 1863. 

Baldwin, Simeon. — Born at Nor- 
wich, Connecticut, December 14, 1761 ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1781. In 
1783 he was appointed tutor at the Col- 
lege, and continued in that station un- 
til 1786, when he was admitted to the 
bar in New Haven, and commenced the 
practice of law. From 1790 to 1803 he 
was Clerk of the District and Circuit 
Courts of the United States ; was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from 1803 
to 1805, and declined a re-election. In 
1806 he was appointed, by the Legisla- 
ture, Associate Judge of the Superior 
Court and of the Supreme Court of Er- 
rors, and held the office until 1817. In 
1822 was chosen by the General Assem- 
bly one of the Commissioners to locate 
the Farmington Canal, and was made 
President of that Board. ' In 1826 was 
elected Mayor of New Haven. In 1830 
he resigned his office as Commissioner. 
He died in New Haven, May 26, 1851. 

Ball, Edward. — He was born in 
Virginia, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Ohio, from 1853 to 1855, 
and was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

Ball, William Lee. — Born in 
Lancaster County, Virginia, and was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1817 to 1824. Died in 
Washington, February 28, 1824, aged 
forty-five years. 

BanTcs, John. — Was born in Ju- 
niata County, Pennsylvania, in 1793 ; 
studied law, and came to the bar in 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



27 



1819, and settled in the western part of 
the State ; was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 
1836, when he resigned to accept the 
appointment of President Judge of the 
Third Judicial District of the State ; in 
1841 was the Whig candidate for Go- 
vernor, but failed to be elected ; and in 
1847 he resigned the judgeship and 
became the State Treasurer. He was 
subsequently engaged in the practice of 
his profession, and died at Keading, on 
the 8d of April, 1864. 

Banks, Linn. — Born in Virginia, 
and was for twenty successive years 
Speaker of the House of Delegates of 
that State, and a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1838 to 1842, 
and was a member of the Committee on 
Claims. He was found drowned in a 
stream in Madison County, Virginia, 
February 24, 1842. 

Banhs, Nathaniel P. — Born in 
Waltham, Massachusetts, January 30, 
1816, of poor but respectable parents, 
operatives in a factory. He had no ad- 
vantages but those aflbrded by the com- 
mon school, but he became a lover of 
books at an early day, and that love 
has been a source of gratification to him 
all his life. His first venture before the 
public was in the capacity of newspaper 
editor in his native town, and he fol- 
lowed the same pursuit at Lowell. He 
studied law, but did not practise to any 
great extent, and in 1848 he was elected 
to the Legislature of Massachusetts, 
serving in both houses, and officiating 
for a time as Speaker. He was chosen 
President of the Convention held in 
1853, for revising the Constitution of 
Massachusetts, and was soon afterwards 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
serving from 1853 to 1857, when he was 
elected Governor of Massachusetts, by 
a majority of 24,000. During his second 
term in Congress, he was elected Speak- 
er, and, as a presiding officer, won a 
reputation for impartiality, as it is said 
that not one of his decisions was ever 
overruled by the House. He was elected 
Governor of Massachusetts for a second 
term, in 1858, and for a third term in 
1859. During the Eebellion of 1861-64, 
he served in the Union army as a major- 
, general of volunteers. 

Barber, Levi. — He was born in 
Litchfield County, Connecticut, and was 



a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1817 to 1819, and again from 
1821 to 1823. 

Barber, Noyes. — He was born in 
Groton, Connecticut, April 28, 1781 ; 
was in early life a merchant, but a law- 
yer by profession ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from his native 
State, from 1821 to 1835. He died at 
Groton, January 3, 1845. He was a 
man of ability, and while in Congress 
accomplished much good for his native 
State, where he was universally respect- 
ed as a man and a statesman. 

Bat^bour, James. — A native of 
Virginia ; was Speaker of the House of 
Delegates, and Governor of that State ; 
and a Senator in Congress, from 1815 
to 1825, officiating as President pro 
tern, of the Senate, as Chairman of the 
Committees on Foreign Relations and 
the District of Columbia, and serving 
on other important committees. He was 
appointed Secretary of War in 1825, and 
Minister to England in 1828. He died 
in Orange County, Virginia, June 8, 
1842, aged sixty-six years. 

Barbour, John S. — Born in Cul- 
peper County, Virginia, in 1810, and died 
in Culpeper County, Virginia, January 
12, 1855. He was in early life a member 
of the State Legislature ; was from 1828 
to 1833 a member of Congress from Vir- 
ginia ; again in the State Legislature in 
1833-34 ; and member of the Constitu- 
tional Convention in 1829-30. He was 
a gentleman of much ability, and exer- 
cised considerable influence in the pub- 
lic affairs of his State. 

Barbour, Lucien. — He was born 
in Canton, Connecticut, March 4, 1811; 
graduated at Amherst College in 1837, 
having, while receiving his own educa- 
tion, been a teacher himself; he removed 
to Indiana, studied law, and settled in 
the practice at Indianapolis. He was 
appointed, by President Polk, United 
States District Attorney ; acted a num- 
ber of times as arbitrator between the 
State of Indiana and private corpora- 
tions ; in 1852 was appointed a Commis- 
sioner to prepare a code of practice for 
the State ; and was a Representative in 
the Thirty-fourth Congress ; since which 
time he has been devoted to his profession. 

Barbour, Philip 1*.— Born in 



28 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



1779; was educated for the law, in tlie 
practice of which he was successful ; he 
was a member of Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1814 to 1825 ; Speaker of the 
House of Kepresentatives in 1821 ; in 
1825 he was appointed Judge of the 
Eastern District of Virginia ; was again 
in Congress from 1827 to 1830, officiat- 
ing as Chairman of the Judiciary Com- 
mittee ; and in 1836 was appointed by 
President Jackson an Associate Judge 
of the Supreme Court of the United 
States. He died in Washington City, 
of ossification of the heart, February 25, 
1841. 

Barclay, David. — He was born in 

Pennsylvania, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from his native State, from 
1855 to 1857. 

JBardfDavid. — He was a graduate 
of Princeton College in 1778, and a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1795 to 1799, and again 
from 1803 to 1815. 

Barker, David. — He was a lawyer 
by profession, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from New Hampshire, 
from 1827 to 1829, and died in Koches- 
ter. New Hampshire, April 1, 1834, 
aged thirty-seven years. 

Barker, Joseph. — He commenced 
his classical studies at Harvard Univer- 
sity, and graduated at Yale College in 
1771 ; and was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1805 to 
1809. He died in 1815. 

Barkesdale, William. — Born in 

Kutherford County, Tennessee, August 
21, 1821, and pursued a partial course 
of studies at the Nashville University. 
He is a laAvyer by profession ; held a 
commission in the staff of the 2d Mis- 
sissippi Kegiment, in the Mexican war, 
in 1847 ; was a member of the Missis- 
sippi Convention called in 1851 to dis- 
cuss the Compromise measures of 1850 ; 
and was elected Representative, from 
Mississippi, in the Thirty -third, Thirty- 
fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth 
Congresses ; serving as a member of the 
Committee on Foreign AflPairs. Joined 
the Great Kebellion in 1861. 

Barlow, Stephen. — He was a Ke- 
presentative _in Congress, from Penn- 



sylvania, from 1827 to 1829, and was a 
member of the Committee on Agricul- 
ture. 

Barnard, D. D. — He was born in 
Berkshire County, Massachusetts ; gra- 
duated at Williams College in 1818 ; 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar, in New York, in 1821 ; in 1826 was 
elected District Attorney for the County 
of Monroe, New York ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1827 to 1829, and again 
from 1839 to 1845. In 1850 he was ap- 
pointed Minister to Prussia. He has 
devoted much attention to literary pur- 
suits, and the degree of LL.D. was con- 
ferred upon him by the colleges of G-e- 
neva and New York. Of late years 
he devoted himself to the publication of 
a work called "A Journal of Educa- 
tion." Died at Albany in April, 1861. 

Barnard, Isaac D. — He was a 

Senator in Congress, fi'om Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1827 to 1831, and died at West 
Chester, Pennsylvania, February, 1834. 

Barnett, William. — He was elect- 
ed a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
Georgia, from 1812 to 1815, when he 
was appointed one of the Commissioners 
to run the Creek boundary line. 

Barney, John. — He was a son of 

Commodore Joshua Barney, and a mem- 
ber of Congress, from Maryland, from 
1825 to 1827. He died in Washington, 
District of Columbia, January 26, 1857, 
aged seventy -two years. He was known 
in Washington society for many years 
as an agreeable gentleman ; and he left 
behind him an unfinished record of ' ' Per- 
sonal Recollections of Men and Things," 
both in this country and Europe. 

Barnits, Charles A. — He was a 

Kepresentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1833 to 1835, and died at 
York, in that State, in March, 1850. 

Barnwell, Mohert. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1791 to 1793. 

Barnwell, JR. W. — He was born in 
South Carolina ; graduated at Harvard 
University in 1821 ; studied law and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
South Carolina, from 1829 to 1833 ; was 
President of the South Carolina College 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



29 



from 1835 to 1843, and was a Senator in 
Congress in 1850. In December, 1860, 
he was appointed one of the Commis- 
sioners to visit Washington in behalf of 
South Carolina, and served as a mem- 
ber of the "Confederate" Congress. 

SarVf Tliomas J'. — Born in New 
York City in 1812 ; commenced life by 
devoting himself to a variety of pur- 
suits ; from 1835 to 1842 he held the po- 
sition of a landlord in New Jersey ; in 
1849 and 1850 he was an Assistant Al- 
derman in the City Councils of New 
York ; in 1853 he was elected a member 
of the State Senate ; and he was elected 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
York, taking his seat during the second 
session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, and 
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Expenses in the State Department. 

Sarreref Kelson. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1851 to 1853. 

Barrett, J. Michard. — Born in 
Kentucky, and removing to Missouri, 
was elected a Eepresentative from that 
State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv- 
ing as a member of the Committee on 
Public Lands. 

Barringer, Daniel L. — Born in 

Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 
October 1, 1788; had a good classical 
education ; studied law, and practised 
with success in Wake County ; served 
in the Legislature of North Carolina in 
1813, and again from 1819 to 1822; and 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
1826 to 1835. He subsequently removed 
to Tennessee, and was elected Speaker 
of the House of Eepresentatives of that 
State. He died October 16, 1852. 

Barringer, Daniel 3Ioreau. — 

Was born in Cabarras County, North 
Carolina, and graduated at the Univer- 
sity of North Carolina in 1826 ; he se- 
lected the law as a profession, having 
commenced to practise in 1829. In that 
year he was elected a member of the 
State Legislature, in which position he 
continued for a number of years. In 
1835 he was a member of a Convention 
to amend the State Constitution. He 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
1843 to 1849, when he was appointed by 
President Taylor Minister to Spain, and 



continued in that mission by President 
Fillmore. On resigning his position as 
Minister, after serving four years, he 
travelled extensively in Europe, and, on 
his return home, was elected to the State 
Legislature, and in 1855, having de- 
clined a re-election, retired to private 
life, devoting himself to literary studies 
and pursuits. He was also elected a 
Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. 

Barrotv, Alexander. — Born in 
Nashville, Tennessee, in 1801, where, 
after completing his education, he was 
admitted to the bar ; he soon after re- 
moved to Louisiana, gave up the prac- 
tice of law, and turned his attention to 
planting. He served a number of years 
in the Legislature of Louisiana, and was 
a Senator in Congress from 1841 to 1847. 
Died December 29, 1846. 

Barrotv, Washington. — He is a 

native of Tennessee ; a lawyer by edu- 
cation and profession ; was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1847 to 1849, serving on the Committee 
for the District of Columbia ; and in 
1841 was appointed American Charge 
d'AflTaires to Portugal. 

Barry, William S. — He was born 
in Mississippi, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1853 
to 1855. 

Barry, Williani T. — He was born 
in Fairfax County, Virginia, March 18, 
1780; and was a Senator in Congress, 
from Kentucky, from 1814 to 1816, hav- 
ing previously served in the State Legis- 
lature as Speaker, and during the years 
1810 and 1811, been a Eepresentative in 
Congress from the same State. He was 
also a member of President Jackson's 
cabinet, as Postmaster-General (the 
first, as such, admitted to that honor), 
and at the time of his death, which oc- 
curred in Liverpool, England, August 
30, 1835, he was Minister Plenipoten- 
tiary of the United States to Spain. 

Barstoiv, Gamaliel H. — He 

served three years in the Assembly of 
New York, four years in the State Se- 
nate, and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1831 to 1833. 

Barstoiv, Gideon. — A native of 
Massachusetts ; was a member of both 
branches of the Legislature of that State, 



30 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



and a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
1821 to 1823. He died in St. Atigustine, 
Florida, where he had gone for his 
health, March 26, 1852, aged sixty-nine 
year's. 

Bartlett, Bailey. — He was Sheriff 
of Essex County, Massachusetts, for 
many years, and a Representative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, from 
1797 to 1801. 

Sartlett, Ichahod. — He was born 
in Salisbury, Hillsborough County, New 
Hampshire, in 1786; graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in 1808; studied law, and 
settled in Portsmouth, where he was em- 
inently successful in his profession, and 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
1823 to 1829, serving on the Committee on 
Naval Affairs. He was also frequently 
in the State Legislature, and a menlber 
of the Convention to revise the State 
Constitution. He died in Portsmouth, 
October 19, 1853. 

Bartlett, tTosiah. — Born in New 
Hampshire in 1768, and died at Strat- 
ham, in that State, April 14, 1838. He 
was a physician of extensive practice, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
New Hampshire, from 1811 to 1813. 
His father, bearing the same name, was 
a man of note, and the first Governor 
of New Hampshire after the adoption 
of the Federal Constitution. 

Sartlett, Thomas, Jr. — He was 

born in Vermont; adopted the profes- 
sion of law ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1853. He served three years in the 
State Legislature, both houses; was 
County Attorney in 1839 and 1841 ; and 
President of the State Constitutional 
Convention of 1850. 

Bartley, Mordecai. — He was 

born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 1823 to 1831, and Go- 
vernor of Ohio, from 1844 to 1846. 

JBarton, David. — He was one of 

the first emigrants to the Territory of 
Missouri ; President of the Convention 
which met to forni a State Constitution, 
in 1820 ; was a Senator in Congress, from 
Missouri, from 1821 to 1831, and a man 
of distinguished talents. Died near 
Boonville, Missouri, September 28, 1837. 



Barton, Richard W. — He was 

born in Virginia, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1841 to 1843. He also served in 
the State Legislature, and was the first 
President of the Valley Agricultural 
Society. Died in Frederick County, 
Virginia, March 15, 1859. 

Barton, Sarmiel. — He was born 
in New York, served three years in the 
Assembly of that State, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1835 to 
1837. 

Basset^ichard. — He was a mem- 
ber from Delaware of the Convention 
which formed the Constitution, and a 
Senator in Congress, from its adoption 
until 1793. He was also a Justice of the 
Federal Supreme Court; Governor of 
Delaware, from 1798 to 1801; and died 
in September, 1815. 

Bassett, Burwell. — He was born 
in New Kent County, Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1805 to 1813, from 1815 
to 1819, and from 1821 to 1831. 

Batenian, Ephraini. — He was 

born in Cumberland, New Jersey; was 
a Senator in Congress, from that State, 
from 1826 to 1829; and was a member 
of the Committees on Agriculture and 
Enrolled Bills ; having previously been 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1815 to 1823; serving on the Commit- 
tees on the Post-office and Accounts. 
Died January 21, 1829. 

Bates, Edivard. — Was born Sep- 
tember 4, 1793, at Belmont, Goochland 
County, Virginia. His education was 
commenced by his father, and succeeded 
by several years of academic instruction, 
mostly at Charlotte Hall, Maryland, 
and finished by an accomplished private 
tutor. In early youth he declined a 
midshipman's warrant, and served in 
1813, at Norfolk, in the Virginia Mili- 
tia, from February to October. In 
1814 he migrated to St. Louis, there 
studied law, and began to practise in 
1816. In 1818 he was appointed Prose- 
cuting Attorney for that Circuit; in 
1820 was a delegate to the State Consti- 
tutional Convention, and was the same 
year appointed Attorney-General of the 
new State of Missouri. He resigned 
that office in 1822, and was elected to 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



31 



the lower branch of the State Legishi- 
ture. In 1824 he was appointed by 
President Monroe United States Attor- 
ney for the Missouri District; in 1826 
resigned, and was elected a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress from Missouri, serving 
from 1827 to 1829. In 1830 he was 
elected to the State Senate, and in 1834 
again to the lower house of the Legis- 
lature. In 1835, being enfeebled by se- 
dentary labor, he moved to the country, 
and practised law for seven years, tra- 
velling much on horseback around the 
prairies. In 1842 he returned to St. 
Louis; and in 1850 he was appointed by 
President Fillmore Secretary of "War, 
but declined the office. In 1853 was 
elected Judge of the St. Louis Land 
Court, which office he resigned in 1856. 
During that year he presided at the 
Whig Convention of Baltimore, and in 
1858 received from Harvard University 
the degree of LL.D. In 1861 was ap- 
pointed Attorney-General in President 
Lincoln's Cabinet. 

Bates, Isaac C. — Born at Gran- 
ville, Massachusetts, in 1780, and gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1802. He 
studied law and attained a high position 
as an advocate. He was frequently in 
the State Legislature and a member of 
the Executive Council ; was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1827 to 
1833, and a Senator in Congress, from 
1841 to 1845; and was Chairman of the 
Committee' on Pensions. He died in 
"Washington City, March 16, 1845. 

Bates, Jatnes. — He was bred a 
physician; for some years connected 
with the Insane Hospital at Augusta; 
and was a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from Somerset County, Maine, from 
1831 to 1833, and a member of the Com- 
mittee on Expenditures in the Post- 
office Department. 

Bates,. Jatnes W. — He was born 
in Goochland County, "V^irginia, and 
was a Delegate to Congress, from the 
Territory of Arkansas, from 1820 to 
1823. 

Bates, 3Iartin W. — He was born 
in Salisbury, Litchfield County, Con- 
necticut, February 24, 1787 ; he received 
a good English education, and became 
a lawyer by profession; having first 
studied medicine. He removed to Dela- 
ware, and was several times elected to 



the Legislature of that State; and in 
1850 was a member of the Constitutional 
Convention of the State of Delaware. 
He took his seat in the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, as a Senator from Delaware, serv- 
ing on the Committees on Pensions and 
Kevolutionary Pensions. 

Baxter, Portus. — "Was born in 
Brownington, Orleans County, Ver- 
mont; received a liberal education, 
adopted the occupation of a merchant, 
and was elected a Kepresentative from 
"Vermont to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on 
Elections ; re-elected to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, and served on the 
same Committee, and also on that of 
Expenditures in the Navy Department. 
In 1857 he was a Presidential Elector. 

Bay, William V. N. — He was 

born in New York, and having become 
a citizen of Missouri, was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1849 to 
1851. 

Bayard, James A. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, in 1767. After study- 
ing law at Philadelphia, he commenced 
the practice in Delaware. In 1796 he 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, serving from 1797 to 1801 ; when 
he was appointed Minister to France. 
In 1804 he was elected to the United 
States Senate, of which body he con- 
tinued a member, till he was appointed 
hy President Madison, in 1813, a Com- 
missioner to negotiate a peace with Great 
Britain. The absence of the Emperor 
from St. Petersburg preventing the 
transaction of any business, he pro- 
ceeded to Holland. He lent his able 
assistance in the negotiation of the treaty 
of peace at Ghent. At Paris, he was 
apprised of his appointment as Envoy 
to the Court of St. Petersburg ; .this he 
declined. He tendered, however, his 
co-operation in forming a commercial 
treaty with Great Britain ; but an alarm- 
ing illness compelled him to return to 
the United States. He arrived in June, 
and died August 6, 1815. 

Bayard, James A. — He has been 
a Senator in Congress, from Delaware, 
ever since 1851, and was Chairman of 
the Committee on the Judiciary, and a 
member of the Committees on the Li- 
brary and on Public Grounds. In 1863 



32 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



he was re-elected for his third term, but 
resigned in January, 1864. 

Bayard, Richard H. — He was 

born in Delaware, graduated at Prince- 
ton College in 1814, and was a Senator 
in Congress, from Delaware, from 1836 
to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1845. He 
was subsequently appointed American 
Minister to Belgium. 

Baylies, Francis. — Born in Bris- 
tol County, Massachusetts, in 1784 ; was 
Eegister of Probate in Bristol County, 
Massachusetts, from 1812 to 1820 ; a 
member of the State Legislature, from 
1827 to 1832, and also in 1835 ; was a 
Kepresentativein Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, from 1821 to 1827, and in 1832 
was appointed Charge d'AflPaires to 
Buenos Ayres, and died October 28, 
1852. He was the author of "A His- 
tory of the Plj^mouth Colony." 

Baylies, Willia,'}n. — He graduated 
at Harvard College in 1760 ; was a 
member of the Provincial Congress in 
1775 ; often a member of the Massachu- 
setts State Council ; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1805 to 1809. He died at Dighton, 
Massachusetts, June 17, 1826, aged 
eighty-two years. 

Baylies, William. — He was born 
in Massachusetts in 1777, educated a 
lawyer, and held many public offices, 
having been in the State Legislature in 
1830 and 1831. He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress from Massachusetts, 
from 1813 to 1817, and from 1833 to 
1835, serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Revolutionary Claims. 

Bayley, Thomas. — He was born 
in Somerset County, Maryland, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1817 to 1823. 

Baylor, M. E. B. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ala- 
bama, from 1829 to 1831. 

Bayly, Thomas Henry. — Born 

in Accomac County, Virginia, in 1810 ; 
graduated at the IJniversity of Vir- 
ginia, and came to the bar in 1830. At 
the age of twenty-six, he was chosen a 
member of the General Assembly of 
Virginia, and was re-elected for five 
years in succession. While a member 



of the Legislature, he was elected by 
that body a Brigadier-General of the 
militia of Eastern Virginia. He re- 
signed his seat, and was elected Judge 
of the Circuit Superior Court of Law. 
In 1844 he resigned his seat on the 
bench, and was elected to the House of 
Representatives from the Accomac Dis- 
trict, and continued, by successive elec- 
tions, a member of the House for twelve 
years, until the time of his death ; 
during the Thirty-first Congress offi- 
ciating as Chairman of the Committee 
of Ways and Means. He lived and 
died on the same spot where his ances- 
tors from England landed in 1666, and 
where they established the family home. 
He commanded the same brigade which 
his grandfather had commanded ; and 
he held the same seat in the General 
Assembly of his State and in the House 
of Representatives, which his father had 
occupied before him. He died June 
22, 1856, aged forty-five years. 

Bayly, Thomas 31. — Born in 

Virginia in 1775 ; entered public life in 
1798, and continued therein until 1830; 
served in both branches of the State 
Legislature, and was a member of the 
State Constitutional Convention of 1830 ; 
having been a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1813 to 1815. 
It was said of him that he never lost an 
election. Died in Accomac County in 
1834. 

Beale, Charles L. — Born in Ca- 
naan, Columbia County, New York, 
March 5, 1824 ; was prepared for col- 
lege by a private tutor, and graduated 
at Union College in 1844 ; studied law 
at Kinderhook, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1849 ; was for several years a 
member of the Republican State Central 
Committee of New York ; and in 1858 
was elected a Representative to the 
Thirty -sixth Congress, from New York, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Public Buildings and Grounds. 

Beale, James M. JET.— He was 

born in V irginia, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1833 to 1837, and for two other 
terms, from 1849 to 1853. 

Beale, M. L. T.— Born at Hickory 
Hill, Westmoreland County, Virginia, 
May 22, 1819 ; his education was ob- 
tained chiefly at Northumberland Aca- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



33 



demy, spending a short time at Dickin- 
son College, Pennsylvania. In 1836 
he commenced the study of law, and 
graduated at the University of Vir- 
ginia, as a student of that profession, 
in 1838, and was licensed to practise in 
1839. In 1847 he was elected a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on the Militia ; 
he declined a re-election at the expira- 
tion of his term. In 1850 he was a 
member of the Keform Convention of 
Virginia, and in 1857 was elected to 
the State Senate. 

Seall, JRezin.—'Se was an officer 
in Wayne's army, with Harrison and 
Van Rensselaer ; occupied various pub- 
lic stations in Ohio, and was a member 
of Congress, from that State, from 1813 
to 1815, and died at Wooster, Ohio, 
February 20, 1843, aged seventy-three 
years. 

Beaman, Fernando C — He was 

born in Chester, Windsor County, Ver- 
mont, June 28, 1814 ; removed with 
his father to New York when a boy, 
and left an orphan at the age of fifteen ; 
received a good English education at 
the Franklin County Academy ; studied 
law in Rochester ; removed to Michigan 
in 1838, and commenced the practice of 
his profession ; was for six years Prose- 
cuting Attorney for Lenawe County ; 
was Judge of Probate for four years, 
and in 1860 was elected a Representa- 
tive, from Michigan, to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Roads and Canals ; re-elected 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and 
served on the same Committee, and 
also on that on Territories. 

Bean, Benning 31. — He was 

born in New Hampshire ; he occupied a 
seat in the Legislature for five years, 
and was President of the Senate in 
1832; was a State Councillor in 1829 ; 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
1833 to 1837, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Agriculture. 

Beardsley, Sanitiel. — He was 

born in Otsego County, New York ; 
studied and adopted the profession of 
law ; settled at Rome, Oneida County, 
and was District Attorney of the same ; 
also held the post of Attorney-G-eneral 
of the State ; was a Representative in 
Congress, from Oneida County, New 



York, from 1831 to 1836, and was 
Chairman of the Committee on the 
Judiciary. He also held the offices of 
State Senator in 1823, and Asssistant 
Justice and Chief Justice of the Su- 
preme Court of the State, and the Fede- 
ral appointment of United States Dis- 
trict Attorney for New York. Died at 
Utica, New York, May 6, 1860. 

Beatty, John. — He graduated at 
Princeton College in 1769, and studied 
medicine ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1793 to 
1795, having been a Delegate to the 
Continental Congress, from 1783 to 
1785. He died at Trenton, April 30, 
1826, aged seventy-seven years. 

Beatty, 3Iartin. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1833 to 1835. 

Beatty, William. — He was born 
in Ireland, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1837 to 1841. 

Beaumont, Andrew. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1833 to 1837, and died at Wilkes- 
barre, Pennsylvania, October 30, 1853. 

Becker, George L.—B^e was a 

Representative in Congress, from Min- 
nesota ; elected to the Thirty-fifth Con- 



Bedinger, George 31. — He was an 

officer in the revolutionary war, having 
served as Adjutant in the expedition 
against Chillicothe, in 1779, and as a 
Major at the battle of Blue Licks, in 
1782; he was one of the earliest emi- 
grants into the State of Kentucky ; was 
a member of the Kentucky Legisla- 
ture in 1792, and a Representative in 
Congress, from 1803 to 1807. He spent 
the close of his life in retirement, and 
died at an advanced age. 

Bedinger, Henry. — He was born 
in Virginia ; received a classical educa- 
^on ; adopted the profession of law ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Virginia, from 1845 to 1849, where he 
was distinguished for his eloquence as 
a debater. In 1853 he was appointed 
Charg^ d'Aflfaires to Denmai'k, and 
returned home in the autumn of 1858. 



84 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



A few weeks after his return lie partook 
of a complimentary dinner tendered to 
Mm by his fellow-citizens of all parties. 
He died of pneumonia, at Shepherds- 
town, Virginia, November 26, 1858. 
During his residence in Denmark, he 
was successful in bringing about the 
treaty abolishing the Sound Dues. 

Beeclier, JPhileinon. — Born in 
New Haven, Connecticut ; he was an 
able lawyer, and one of the early set- 
tlers of Ohio, to which he emigrated 
from Connecticut. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1817 to 1821, serving as a member of 
the Committee on the Judiciary, and 
re-elected from 1823 to 1829. He died 
at Lancaster, Ohio, November 30, 1839, 
aged sixty-four years. 

Beekinan, Thofnas. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1829 to 1831. 

Seeson, Henry W. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1841 to 1843. 

Belcher, Hiram. — Born in Au- 
gusta, Maine ; educated at Hallo well 
Academy ; studied law and admitted to 
the bar in 1812 ; was for four or five 
years a member of the Maine Legisla- 
ture ; and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. 
Died May 7, 1857, aged sixty-seven 
years. 

Belclier, Nathan. — Born in Gris- 
wold, Connecticut, June 23, 1813; gra- 
duated at Amherst College in 1832 ; 
studied law with Samuel Ingham, of Es- 
sex, and at the Cambridge Law School ; 
was admitted to the bar in 1836, and 
practised at Clinton, Connecticut, until 
1841, when he removed to New Lon- 
don, relinquished the practice of law, 
and engaged in manufacturing. He 
was a member of the House of Eepre- 
sentatives of Connecticut in 1846 and 
1847, and of the State Senate in 1850, 
and a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
1853 to 1855. 

Belden, George O. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
Tork, from 1827 to 1829. 



mont, and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1852 to 1858. 

JBell^ (Tames. — Born November 13, 
1804, m Francistown, Hillsborough 
County, New Hampshire ; graduated at 
Bowdoin College in 1822 ; studied law, 
and completed his course at Litchfield ; 
was admitted to the bar in 1825, and 
commenced to practise at Gilmanton ; 
removed to Exeter, and thence to Gil- 
ford ; and for many years held a distin- 
guished rank in his profession. In 1846 
he was elected to the Legislature, and 
was a member of the Constitutional 
Convention of the State in 1850. He 
was elected United States Senator, in 
June, 1855, for six years ; and died in 
Laconia, New Hampshire, May 26, 1857, 
whither he had gone from Washington 
to recruit his health. 

JBell, tfaines M. — He was born in 
Ohio, and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1833 to 
1835. 

Bell, tfohn. — He was born near 
Nashville, Tennessee, February 15, 1797. 
He commenced his studies at Cumber- 
land College, now the Nashville Uni- 
versity, and graduated at the latter in 
1814 ; he studied law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1816. In 1817 he was 
elected to the State Senate ; declined a 
re-election, and devoted the next ten 
years of his life wholly to his profes- 
sion ; in 1827 he was elected a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, and continued to 
be re-elected until 1841, officiating du- 
ring one term as Speaker ; in 1841 he 
accepted a seat in President Harrison's 
cabinet as Secretary of War, which post 
he resigned in five months after the ac- 
cession of President Tyler ; in 1847 he 
accepted a seat in the House of Eepre- 
sentatives of Tennessee, but before the 
close of the year he was elected to the 
United States Senate, and was re-elected 
in 1852, serving, from time to time, as 
chairman of important committees until 
the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress. 
In May, 1860, he received from the Un- 
ion party the nomination for President 
of the United States, but was defeated. 

Bell, John. — He was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1850 to 1851. 



Bell, Hiram. — He was born in Ver- I Bell, Joshua F. — He was born in 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



35 



Kentucky, and elected a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1845 
to 1847, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Invalid Pensions, and 
declined a re-election. He is a lawyer, 
and distinguished in the "West as an 
orator. He was also a member of the 
Peace Convention of 1861. 

Bell, Peter H. — He was born in 
Virginia, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Texas, from 1853 to 
1857. He was also Governor of that 
State from 1849 to 1853, and subse- 
quently Judge of the Supreme Court of 
that State. 

Bell, Sciniuel.— Bom in 1769, and 
died at Chester, New Hampshire, De- 
cember 23, 1850. He was a graduate of 
Dartmouth College in 1793 ; a Judge of 
the Supreme Court of New Hampshire, 
from 1816 to 1819; Governor of the 
State, from 1819 to 1823 ; and a Senator 
in Congress, from 1823 to 1835, serving 
as a member of the Committees on Fo- 
reign Aifairs and Claims, and officia- 
ting as Chairman of the latter during 
the Twenty-third Congress. 

Bellinger, Joseph. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1817 to 1819. 

Belser, James E. — He was born 
in South Carolina, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Alabama, from 
1845 to 1847. Died at Montgomery, 
Alabama, January 16, 1859. 

Benjamin, Jiidali J*. — Was a 

Presidential Elector in 1849 ; he is a 
lawyer by profession ; and was elected 
a Senator in Congress, from Louisiana, 
to serve from 1853 to 1859, serving as 
Chairman of the Committee on Private 
Land Claims, and as a member of the 
Committees on the Judiciary and on 
Commerce. In 1859 was re-elected for 
a term of six years. He is of Hebrew 
descent. He became identified with the 
Rebellion of 1861, and was Attorney- 
General of the so-called "Southern Con- 
federacy. ' ' 

Bennet, Benjamin. — Born in 
1762 ; was a Baptist minister, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1815 to 1819. He died at 
Middletown, New Jersey* October 8, 
1840. 



Bennet, Henry. — He was born in 

New Lisbon, Otsego County, New York, 
September 29, 1808 ; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1832 ; and 
having been elected to Congress as a 
Representative from that State in 1848, 
has continued to be re-elected until the 
present time, so that at the end of the 
Thirty-fifth Congress he will have served 
in that capacity continuously, the pe- 
riod of ten years. During the Thirty- 
fourth Congress he was Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Lands, and re- 
ported a number of important bills for 
the benefit of the Western States, and 
during the Thirty-fifth Congress he 
served as a member of the same com- 
mittee. 

Bennett, Hiram P. — Was born 

in Carthage, Maine, September 2, 1826; 
received a common school education in 
Ohio ; in 1852 he was elected to a Judge- 
ship in Western Iowa ; moved to Ne- 
braska Territory in 1854, and was at 
once elected a member of the Te;"ritorial 
Council ; in 1858 he was re-elected to 
the Nebraska Legislature, and made 
Speaker of the House ; removed to Co- 
lorado Territory in 1859, and was chosen 
a Delegate therefrom to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress ; and in 1862 was re- 
elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress. 

Bennett, H. S. — Born in William- 
son County, Tennessee, March 7, 1807 ; 
received a limited education ; studied 
law, and began to practise in 1830, when 
he removed to Mississippi, where he 
held the office of Circuit Judge for eight 
years, and of which State he was a Re- 
presentative in Congress during the 
Thirty-fourth Congress. Of late years 
he has been devoted to planting. 

Benson, Egbert.- — He was eminent 
as a statesman and jurist, and died at 
Jamaica, New York, in August, 1833, 
in the eighty -seventh year of his age. 
He was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1789 to 1793, 
taking an active part in its deliberations. 
He had previously served as a delegate 
in the Continental Congress from 1784 
to 1788. He was a graduate of Colum- 
bia College in 1765, and received liter- 
ary honors from Harvard University in 
1808, and from Dartmouth in 1811. 

Benson, Saimiel P. — He was born 
in the town of Winthrop, Maine ; gra- 



86 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



duated at Bowdoin College in 1825 ; 
adopted tlie profession of law ; was a 
member of the State Legislature in 1834 
and 1836; Secretary of State in 1838 
and 1841 ; and was elected a Kepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Maine, in 1853, 
and was re-elected to tlie Thirty-fourth 
Congress, when he served as Chairman 
of the Committee on Naval Affairs. 
He was at one time one of the overseers 
of Bowdoin College. 

Benton, Charles S. — He was horn- 
in Maine, and was a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from ISTew York, from 1843 
to 1849. 

Benton,' Samuel. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1798 to 1798. 

Benton, Thomas Mart. — He was 

born in Hillsborough, North Carolina, 
March 14, 1782, and educated at Chapel 
Hill College. He left that institution 
without receiving a degree, and forth- 
with commenced the study of law in 
William and Mary College, Virginia, 
under Mr. St. George Tucker. In 1810 
he entered the United States Army, but 
soon resigned his commission of lieuten- 
ant-colonel, and in 1811 was at Nashville, 
Tennessee, where he commenced the 
practice of the law. He soon afterwards 
emigrated to St. Louis, Missouri, where 
he connected himself with the press as 
the editor of a newspaper, the Missouri 
Argus. In 1820he was elected a member 
of the United States Senate, serving as 
chairman of many important commit- 
tees, and remained in that body till the 
session of 1851, at which time he failed 
of re-election. As Missouri was not ad- 
mitted into the Union till August 10, 
1821, more than a year of Mr. Benton's 
first term of service expired before he 
took his seat. He occupied himself dur- 
ing this interval before taking his seat 
in Congress in acquiring a knowledge 
of the language and literature of Spain. 
Immediately after he appeared in the 
Senate he took a prominent part in the 
deliberations of that body, and rapidly 
rose to eminence and distinction. Few 
public measures were discussed between 
the years 1821 and 1851 that he did not 
participate in largely, and the influence 
he wielded was always felt and confessed 
by the country. He was one of the chief 
props and supporters of the administra- 
tions of Presidents Jackson and Van 



Buren. The people of Missouri long 
clung to him as their apostle and leader, 
and it required persevering effort to de- 
feat him. But he had served them du- 
ring the entire period of thirty years 
without interruption, and others, who 
aspired to honors he enjoyed, became 
impatient for an opportunity to sup- 
plant him. His defeat was the conse- 
quence. Colonel Benton was distin- 
guished for his learning, iron will, prac- 
tical mind, and strong memory. As a 
public speaker he was not interesting or 
calculated to produce an effect on the 
passions of an audience, but his speeches 
were read with avidity, always produc- 
ing a decided influence. He was elected 
a Kepresentative in the Thirty-third 
Congress for the District of St. Louis, 
and on his retirement from public life 
devoted himself to the preparation of a 
valuable register of the debates in Con- 
gress, upon which he labored until his 
death, which occurred in Washington, 
on the 10th of April, 1858, of cancer in 
the stomach. 

Bergen, John T. — He was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1831 to 1833. 

Bernhisel, John 31. — Born in 

Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, 
June 23, 1799; graduated in the Medi- 
cal Department of Pennsylvania Uni- 
versity ; engaged in the practice of 
medicine ; and was elected a Delegate to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, from the Ter- 
ritory of Utah. Ke-elected to the Thir- 
ty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses. 

Berrien, John McP. — Born in 
New Jersey, August 23, 1781, but when 
a child removed with his father to Geor- 
gia. He graduated at Princeton in his 
fifteenth year, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1799. In 1809 he was elected 
Solicitor-General, and the next year 
Judge of the Eastern Circuit. During 
the war of 1812 he had command of a 
regiment of volunteer cavalry. He 
served in the State Legislature for seve- 
ral years. In 1824 he was elected to 
the United States Senate, where he re- 
mained until 1829, when he took a seat 
in the cabinet of President Jackson as 
Attorney-General. Por a while after- 
wards he held various positions of re- 
sponsibility in Georgia, and in 1840 was 
again elected to the United States Se- 
nate for six years, taking an active part 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



37 



in all leading measures, and officiating 
most of the time as Chairman of the 
Judiciary Committee. In 1845 he was 
elected one of the Judges of the Supreme 
Court of Georgia, and in 1847 was once 
more elected to the United States Se- 
nate, resigning his seat in May, 1852. 
On his return to G-eorgia, he still con- 
tinued, in various ways, to promote the 
public good, and he died at Savannah, 
January 1, 1856, universally lamented. 
He was undoubtedly one of the best, 
most distinguished, and high-minded 
statesmen of the country. 

JBethune, Laughlin. — A native 
of North Carolina, for several years a 
Senator in the State Legislature, and 
from 1831 to 1833 a Representative in 
Congress, from Cumberland County, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Elections. 

JBettofif Silas. — He graduated at 
Dartmouth College in 1787; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
Hampshire, from 1803 to 1807; held the 
office of Sheriff" of Rockingham County 
for several years ; and died at Salem, 
New Hampshire, in 1822, aged fifty- 
eight years. 

Setts, Samuel JR. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1815 to 1817. 

Setts, TJiadcleiis. — He was born 
in Norwalk, Connecticut; graduated at 
Yale College in 1807, and acquired 
great distinction as a lawyer. He was 
at one time Lieutenant-Governor of 
Connecticut, and an influential member 
of the United States Senate, from 1839 
to the date of his death, April 7, 1840. 
He was greatly respected for his talents 
and character. 

Bibb, George 31. — He was born in 
Virginia in 1772; graduated at Prince- 
ton College in 1792; studied law and 
settled in Kentucky. He was a Justice 
and twice Chief Justice of the Court of 
Appeals of Kentucky ; was in the State 
Senate two years; held the position of 
Chancellor of the Court of Chancery; 
was Secretary of the Treasury under 
President Tyler; afterwards practised 
his professioii in the City of Washing- 
ton, and acted as an assistant in the 
office of the Attorney-General of the 
United States. His services in Con- 



gress were rendered as a Senator, from 
1811 to 1814, and again from 1829 to 
1835. He died in Georgetown, D. C, 
April 14, 1859. One of his marked 
peculiarities was a fondness for fishing, 
which he practised with enthusiasm. 

Bibb, Williarti W. — Died at his 
residence, in Fort Jackson, Alabama, 
July 9, 1820, aged thirty-nine years. 
He was a Representative in Congress, 
from Georgia, from 1806 to 1814, and a 
Senator in Congress, from 1813 to 1816; 
and was appointed in 1817 Governor of 
the Territory of Alabama. He was 
elected first Governor, under the Con- 
stitution of that State, in 1819. He was 
originally educated for the medical pro- 
fession. 

Bibighaiis, Thomas 31. — Born 
in Pennsylvania in 1816; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1851 to the time of his 
death, which occurred in Lebanon, 
Pennsylvania, June 18, 1853. 

Bichnell, Bennet. — He was born 
in Mansfield, Connecticut, in 1803; and 
was a Representative in Congress, fi'om 
New York, from 1837 to 1839; having 
been in the Assembly of the State in 
1812, and a State Senator from 1815 to 
1818. Died at Morrisville, Madison 
County, in 1863. 

Biddle, Charles John. — Born in 
Philadelphia in 1819; studied law and 
came to the bar in 1840; served as a 
Captain of Voltigeurs, United States 
Army, in the war with Mexico, and 
was in the actions of Contreras, Churu- 
busco, Molino del Rey, Chapultepec, 
and the taking of the City of Mexico, 
having been breveted a Major for gal- 
lant and meritorious services. After 
the Mexican war he resumed the prac- 
tice of his profession in Philadelphia. 
In 1861 he was appointed a Colonel in 
the Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer 
Corps, and while in the field in Vir- 
ginia he was elected a Representative, 
from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-se- 
venth Congress, to fill the vacancy 
caused by the resignation of E. Joy 
Morris. Before quitting the field he 
was tendered the commission of Briga- 
dier-General, but declined it, preferring 
to serve his constituents in a civil capa- 
city. 



38 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Bicldle, John. — He was born in 
Philadelphia ; was an officer in the war 
of 1812, acquitting himself with bra- 
very ; held the position of Paymaster 
in the Army ; also that of Indian Agent ; 
and was a Delegate to Congress, from 
the Territory of Michigan, from 1829 
to 1831, when he was appointed Regis- 
ter of the Land Office, at Detroit, 
Michigan. For some years before his 
death, he had been travelling in Europe, 
and died at the White Sulphur Springs, 
Virginia, August 25th, 1859, aged about- 
seventy years. 

Siddle, Richard. — He was a bro- 
ther of Nicholas Biddle, and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Western 
Pennsylvania, from 1837 to 1841, and 
died at Pittsburg, July 7, 1847. Was 
the author of a Life of Sebastian Cabot. 

BidlacJc, Benjamin A. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1841 to 1845 ; and died 
at Bogota, New Granada, February 29, 
1849, to which country he had been ap- 
pointed Charge d'Affaires, immediately 
after leaving Congress. 

Bidwell, Barnabas. — He gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1785 ; received 
the degree of LL.D. from that institu- 
tion ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1805 
to 1807 ; from 1801 to 1805 he was a 
member of the Massachusetts Legisla- 
ture, and Attorney-General for the State 
from 1807 to 1810. He died in 1833. 

Bigeloiv, Ahijah. — Born in West- 
minster, Worcester County, Massachu- 
setts, December 5, 1775. He graduated 
at Dartmouth College in 1795; studied 
law and was admitted to practice in 
1798; was town clerk of Leominster 
for five years ; served two years as a 
member of the General Court of Massa- 
chusetts ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1810 to 1815. In 1838 
he was appointed a Master in Chancery 
for Worcester County; from 1817 to 
1833, he was Clerk of the County Court 
of Worcester ; at one time treasurer 
and trustee of Leicester Academy ; and 
has held the minor office of Justice of 
the Peace for about fifty years. 

Bigelow, Lewis. — Born in Wor- 
cester County, Massachusetts, in 1783 ; 



was a Representative in Congress, from 
his native State, from 1821 to 1823 ; 
was the author of the " Digest of the 
first twelve volumes of Massachusetts 
Reports;" and, removing to Peoria, 
Illinois, became Clerk of the County 
Court there, and died in October, 1838. 

Biggs, Asa. — Born in Williams- 
town, Martin County, North Carolina, 
February 4, 1811. He was educated at 
an academy, served as a merchant's 
clerk, studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1831. Inl835he was elected 
a member of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion of that State; in 1840, 1842 and 
1844, he was elected to the State Legis- 
lature ; he was chosen a member of the 
Twenty-ninth Congress ; in 1850 he 
was one of three Commissioners ap- 
pointed to revise the statutes of the 
State ; in 1854 he went a second time 
into the State Senate ; and he was 
elected a Senator in Congress, in 1854, 
for six years, but resigned May 3, 1858, 
for the appointment of Judge of the 
United States District Court of North 
Carolina, conferred upon him by Presi- 
dent Buchanan. He was a member of 
the Committees on Finance and on Pri- 
vate Land Claims. 

Bigler, William. — Born at Sher- 
mansburg, Cumberland County, Penn- 
sylvania, in December, 1814. He re- 
ceived a moderate school education, 
and instead of a college, graduated in a 
printing-office ; by his own personal 
efforts, he established, and for several 
years carried on, entirely unaided, the 
Clearfield Democrat ; disposing of his 
paper, he devoted himself for a time to 
mercantile pursuits and politics ; in 
1841 he was elected to the State Con- 
vention, and was a member of the State 
Senate, part of the time Speaker, up to 
1847 ; in 1851 he was elected Governor 
of Pennsylvania ; subsequently became 
President of the Philadelphia and Erie 
Railroad Company ; and in 1855 was 
elected a Senator in Congress, serving 
on the' Committees on Commerce, Post- 
offices and Post-roads, and Engrossed 
Bills. Was a delegate to the Chicago 
Convention in 1864. , 

Billinghurst, Charles. — He was 

born in Brighton, Monroe County, 
New York, July 27, 1818 ; adopted the 
profession of law, and after practising 
a few years, removed to Wisconsin in 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



39 



1847, and was a member of the first 
Legislature of that State in 1848 ; was 
a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and 
was elected a Kepresentative to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress, from Wiscon- 
sin, and was re-elected to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, serving as a member of 
the Judiciary Committee, and was also 
re-elected to the Thirty -sixth Congress. 

Bines ^ Thomas. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1814 to 1815, and again 
from 1819 to 1820. 

mnghani, John A. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania in 1815; received 
an academical education ; spent two 
years in a printing-office ; entered 
Franklin College, in Ohio, but his 
health prevented him from graduating ; 
he studied law in Ohio, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1840; from 1845 
to 1849 he was Attorney for the State 
in Tuscarawas County ; and in 1854 he 
was elected a Representative in the 
Thirty-fourth Congress, and re-elected 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress. During 
his first term, he was a member of the 
Committee on Elections, and made a 
report on the Illinois contested cases, 
which was adopted by the House, and 
served as a member of the Committee 
on Expenditures in the State Depart- 
ment. He was also re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the 
Judiciary Committee ; re-elected to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress ; and in 1864, 
was appointed a Judge-Advocate in the 
Army. In August of the same year,' 
he was appointed Solicitor of the Court 
of Claims. 

Sinf/ha^nj, Kinsley S. — He was 

born at Camillus, Onondaga Countv, 
New York, December 16, 1808; re- 
ceived a fair academic education ; taught 
school for a time at Bennington, Ver- 
mont ; spent three years in the office of 
a lawyer as clerk ; emigrated to Michi- 
gan in 1833, and settled upon a farm ; 
he was elected to the Michigan Legis- 
lature in 1835, and was five years a 
member of that body ; three years 
elected Speaker ; he was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Michigan, from 
1849 to 1851, and served on the Com- 
mittee on Commerce ; and was elected 
Governor of Michigan in 1854 and 1856. 
He has also held in other years the 
offices of Postmaster, Supervisor, Pro- 



secuting Attorney, Judge of Probate, 
and Brigadier-General of Militia. In 
1859, he was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Michigan. Died at Oak 
Grove, Livingston County, Michigan, 
October 5, 1861. 

Bingham, William. — He gradu- 
ated at the College of Philadelphia in 
1768, and he was agent for this country 
at Martinique during the Revolution. 
In 1786 he was a Delegate to the Conti- 
nental Congress from Pennsylvania, and 
was elected a Senator in Congress in 
1795, serving until 1801, and as Presi- 
dent pro tern, of the Senate during the 
Fourth Congress. He died at Bath, 
England, February 7, 1804, aged fifty- 
two years. 

Binney, Horace. — He was born 
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 
4, 1780 ; graduated at Harvard Univer- 
sity in 1797 ; and was educated a lawyer. 
He was a Director of the old United 
States Bank, and one of the trustees to 
whom its aft'airs were intrusted when it 
was wound up. He was a member of 
the Pennsylvania Legislature in 1806-7, 
and declined a re-election ; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1833 to 1835; and was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Ways and 
Means, and again declined a re-election. 
In 1827 the degree of LL.D. was con- 
ferred upon him by Harvard University. 

Bird, John. — A native of Litch- 
field, Connecticut ; afterwards settled 
in Troy, New York ; and was early dis- 
tinguished at the bar of that State, and 
in the Legislature. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress from 1799 to 1801. 

Birdsall, Ausburn. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1847 to 1849. 

Birdsall, James. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1815 to 1817, and a member 
of the Assembly of that State in 1837. 

Birdsall, Samuel. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1837 to 1839. 

Birdseye, Victory. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1815 to 1817, and again 



40 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



from 1841 to 1843; a Delegate to the 
State Constitutional Convention of 
1821 ; and a State Senator in 1828 and 
1829, as well as a member of the Assem- 
bly for tlaree years. 

Birne, Andretv. — He was a na- 
tive of Irehmd, and on becoming a citi- 
zen of Virginia, was elected a Kepresen- 
tative in Congress from 1837 to 1841. 

SisJlop, James. — He was born in 

New Brunswick, New Jersey, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1855 to 1857 ; he was bred 
a merchant, and has served in tlie Legis- 
ture of his native State. 

JBisJiop, Phanuel. — He was a Ee- 

presentative in Congress, from Massa- 
cliusetts, from 1799 to 1807. From 1787 
to 1791 he was a member of the State 
Senate; and in 1792, 1793, 1797 and 
1798 a Representative in the State Le- 
gislature. 

SisJiop, William D. — He was 

born in Bloomfield, New Jersey, Sep- 
tember 14, 1827 ; graduated at Yale 
College in 1849 ; studied law as a pro- 
fession, but soon engaged almost exclu- 
sively in railroad business, having for 
several years been President of the Nau- 
gatuck Railroad Company. He was 
elected a Representative to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, from Connecticut, and 
was chairman of the Committee on Ma- 
nufactures. In May, 1859, he was ap- 
pointed by President Buchanan Com- 
missioner of Patents, but resigned in 
January, 1860. 

Sissell, Williatn H. — Born in 

Hartwick, Otsego County, New York, 
April 25, 1811. He was self-educated, 
attending school in the summer, and 
teaching school in the winter ; he stu- 
died medicine, and graduated in 1834 
at the Medical College in Philadelphia ; 
he removed to Illinois, and after prac- 
tising his profession until 1840, was 
elected to the State Legislature ; he stu- 
died law, and was admitted to the bar 
of Illinois ; after practising with suc- 
cess, he was, in 1844, elected a Prose- 
cuting Attorney ; he served with dis- 
tinction in the Mexican war, and espe- 
cially at Buena Vista, as captain of the 
2d Regiment Illinois Volunteers ; he 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Illinois, from 1849 to 1855 ; and in 1856 



he was elected Governor of Illinois for 
four years, to the duties of which office 
he devoted his undivided attention. 
Died at Springfield, Illinois, March 18, 
1860. 

JBlack, Edward J. — Born in 
Beaufort, South Carolina, in 1806. He 
never attended college, but read law, 
and was admitted to the bar of Au- 
gusta, Georgia, in 1827. He commenced 
his public life by going into the State 
Legislature, where he served for several 
years, and was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Georgia, in 1838, re- 
maining there until 1845. He died in 
Barnwell District, South Carolina, whi- 
ther he had gone for change of scene, in 
1849. 

Blade, James. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1847. 

Blach, Jaines A.. — He was born 

in South Carolina, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1843 to 1847. Died in Washing- 
ton, April 5, 1848. , 

■ Blach, John. — He was at one time 
a resident of Louisiana, but removing 
to Mississippi, was elected a Senator in 
Congress, from 1832 to 1838, officiating 
as Chairman of the Committee on Pri- 
vate Land Claims during the first term. 
He died in Winchester, Virginia, Au- 
gust 29, 1854. 

JBlacMedge, William. — Presumed 
to have been the father of the following. 
He was for several years a member of 
the General Assembly of North Caro- 
lina, and served that State as Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1803 to 1809, 
and from 1811 to 1813. Died at Spring 
Hill, Lenoir County, North Carolina, 
October 19, 1828. 

BlacMedge, William S. — He was 

born in Pitt County, North Carolina; 
was a member of the General Assembly 
of North Carolina ; and he was elected 
to Congress, from that State, for the 
term, from 1821 to 1823. Died in New- 
bern. North Carolina, March 21, 1857, 
aged sixty-four. 

JBlacktnar, Esbon. — He was a na- 
tive of New York, and a Representative 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



41 



in Congress, from that State, from 1848 
to 1849 ; he also served two years in the 
State Assembly, from Wayne County. 

Blacktvell, Julius W. — He was 

born in Virginia, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 
1839 to 184f, and again from 1843 to 
1845. 

Blaine, James Gillespie. — He 

was born in Washington County, Penn- 
sylvania, in 1830 ; graduated at Wash- 
ington College in 1847 ; adopted the 
profession of editor, and, having re- 
moved to Maine, edited the Kennebec 
Journal and Portland Advertiser for 
several years. He served four years in 
the Maine Legislature, two of which as 
Speaker of the House ; and in 1862 he 
was elected a Representative from Maine 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committee on the 
Post-oiEce and Post-roads. 

JBlair, Barnard. — He was a na- 
tive of New York, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1841 to 1843, serving as a member of 
the Commfttee on Elections. 

Blair, Francis P., eJr.— Born in 
Lexington, Kentucky, February 19, 
1821, graduated at Princeton College, 
adopted the profession of law, was a 
member of the Missouri Legislature in 
1852 and 1854, and elected a Represen- 
tative from Missouri to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
Pri^'^lte Land Claims. Re-elected to 
the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was 
Chairman of the Committee on Military 
Affairs. He was also a Colonel of vo- 
lunteers in 1861, and in 1862 he was ap- 
pointed a Major-General in the army, 
and was subsequently re-elected to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress. During the first 
session of that Congress, he resigned his 
seat in the House to resume his position 
in the army, but by the action of the 
House, subsequently, the seat was as- 
signed to his contestant, Samuel Knox. 

Blair, Jacob ^.— Was born in 
Parkersburg, Wood County, Virginia, 
April 11, 1821, studied and adopted the 
profession of law, was Prosecuting At- 
torney for Ritchie County for several 
years, and was elected a Representative 
from Virginia to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 



Public Buildings and Grounds. In 
1863 he was elected a Representative 
from West Virginia to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committees 
on Public Expenditures, and Public 
Buildings and Grounds. 

Blair, James. — He was born in 
Lancaster, South Carolina, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1821 'to 1822, and from 
1829 to 1834. He died at Washington, 
by his own hand, March 27, 1834. 

Blair, JoJltl. — He was born in 
Washington County, Tennessee, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Tennessee, from 1823 to 1837, and was 
a member of the Committee on Military 
Affairs. Before entering Congress, he 
served in both branches of the State 
Legislature, and died at Jonesborough, 
Tennessee, in July, 1863. 

Blair, Samuel S. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and elected a Repre- 
sentative from that State, to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Private Land Claims. 
Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, and was placed at the head of that 
committee, serving also on several other 
committees. 

Blaisdell, Daniel. — He " was a 

State Councillor from 1803 to 1808, and 
a Representative in Congress, from New 
Hampshire, from 1808 to 1811. Died 
in 1832, aged seventy-three years. 

Blake, Harrison G. — Born in 
New Fane, Windham County, Ver- 
mont, March 17, 1818; received a com- 
mon school education, and removed to 
Ohio in 1830. Whilst engaged as a 
merchant's clerk he studied law, and 
after devoting much of his life to mer- 
cantile pursuits he adopted the profes- 
sion of law. He has served four years 
in the Ohio Legislature, and was Presi- 
dent of the State Senate in 1848-49; 
and he was elected a Representative, 
from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Accounts. Re-elected to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
the Committee on the Post-oflBce. 

Blake, John. — He was a native of 
New York, and a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1805 to 



42 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



1809, and was a member of the Assem- 
bly of that State in 1819. 

JBlake, Thomas H. — He was born 
in Calvert County, Maryland, June, 
1792, and spent his boyhood in Wash- 
ington City. He served at the battle 
of Bladensburg in 1814 ; was an early 
emig-rant to the State of Kentucky, and 
afterwards to Indiana while a Terri- 
tory ; upon the formation of the State 
government, he settled at Terre Haute ; 
there practised law, and served on the 
bench of the Circuit Court, and was 
District Attorney ; and subsequently 
engaged in mercantile pursuits. He 
was, for many years, a member of the 
State Legislature, and a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from Indiana, from 1827 
to 1829. Under President Tyler's ad- 
ministration, he was 'Commissioner of 
the General Land Office, and, ujaon his 
resignation, was appointed President of 
the Wabash and Erie Canal Company. 
He held this office at the time of his 
death, having just returned from Eng- 
land, where, as the financial agent of his 
State, he had made satisfactory arrange- 
ments with its public creditors. He 
died at Cincinnati, while on his return 
from Washington, November 28, 1849. 

Blanchard, John. — Born in the 
County of Caledonia, Yermont, Septem- 
ber 30, 1787. He spent his boyhood on 
a farm ; prepared himself for college, 
and graduated at Dartmouth in 1812 • 
removed to Pennsylvania, and taught 
school ; read law, and was admitted to 
practice ; and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1845 
to 1849. He died in Columbia, Lan- 
caster County, March 8, 1849. 

Bland, Theodoric. — Was a na- 
tive of Virginia ; he was bred a physi- 
cian, but upon the commencement of 
the American war he quitted the prac- 
tice for the army, and rose to the rank 
of Colonel, and had the command of a 
regiment of dragoons. In 1779, he had 
command of the troops at Albemarle 
Barracks, and continued in that station 
till elected to a seat in Congress in 1780. 
He served in that body three years. 
He was then chosen a member of the 
Virginia Legislature. He was a Ee- 
presentative in the first Congress under 
the Constitution, having voted for its 
adoption. He died at New York, June 
1, 1790, while attending a session of 



Congress, aged forty-eight. He was 
the first member of Congress whose 
death was announced in that body. 

Bledsoe, Jesse. — He was at one 

time a distinguished advocate and jurist 
of Kentucky, and a Senator in Congress, 
from that State, from 1813 to 1815 ; he 
was also Professor of Law in the Uni- 
versity of Transylvania, and Chief Jus- 
tice of the Supreme Court of Kentucky. 
He died at Nacogdoches, Texas, June 
30, 1837. 

Bleecker, Herfnanus. — He was 

born at Albany, New York, in 1779, 
and died there, July 19, 1849. He was 
a member of Congress, from 1811 to 
1813, and, by President Van Buren, 
was appointed, in 1839, Charg6 d'Af- 
faires at the Hague. 

Bliss, George. — Was born in Je- 
richo, Chittenden County, Vermont, 
January 1, 1813 ; received an academical 
education ; went to Ohio in his twentieth 
year, and spent one year in Granville 
College ; studied law and came to the bar 
in 1841 ; in 1850 he was appointed Presi- 
dent Judge of the Eighth Judicial Dis- 
trict of Ohio, serving one year, or until 
the State Constitution was changed ; in 
1852 was elected a Eepresentative from 
Ohio, to the Thirty-third Congress, and 
in 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on the Judiciary. 

Bliss, Philemon. — Born in Can- 
ton, Connecticut, July 28, 1814 ; edu- 
cated at Eairfield Academy, Oneida 
Institute, and Hamilton College, New 
York 5 is a lawyer by profession ; re- 
moved to Ohio, and was elected Presi- 
dent Judge of the Eourteenth Circuit 
Court, and, in 1854, a Eepresentative 
to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re- 
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress. He 
is a member of the Committee on Ma- 
nufactures. 

Bloodwortli, Timothy. — He was 

born in North Carolina, and was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from North 
Carolina, in 1790 and 1791, and a Sena- 
tor of the United States, from 1795 to 
1801. He died August 24, 1814. 

Bloomfield, Joseph. — Born in the 
town of Woodbridge, Middlesex County, 
New Jersey ; studied law until 1775, 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



43 



when he became an active friend of the 
Revolution ; was afterwards Attorney- 
General for New Jersey ; Governor of 
that State from 1801 to 1812 ; was ap- 
pointed a Brigadier-General by Presi- 
dent Madison ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1817 
to 1821. As Chairman of the Committee 
on Revolutionary Pensions he reported 
the bill granting pensions to soldiers of 
the Revolutionary army. He resided 
in Burlington, New Jersey, many years 
before his death. 

Blount, OTJionias. — He was born 
in North Carolina ; was a General of 
militia in that State ; and a Representa- 
tive from the same, in the Twelfth Con- 
gress. Died in Washington, February 
9, 1812. 

Blount, Williatn. — He was a De- 
legate to the Continental Congress in 
1782, 1783, 1786, and 1787, from North 
Carolina ; and was Governor of the ter- 
ritory south of the Ohio, having been 
appointed to that office in 1790. In 
1796, he was chosen President of the 
Convention of Tennessee. He was elect- 
ed, the same year, by that State, to a 
seat in the United States Senate, but 
was expelled in 1797, for having, as it 
was alleged, instigated the Creeks and 
Cherokees to assist the British in con- 
quering the Spanish territories near the 
United States. While his impeachment 
was being tried in the United States 
Senate he was elected a member of the 
State Senate and made President thereof. 
He died at Knoxville, March 10, 1810, 
aged fifty-six years. 

Blount, William G. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ten- 
nessee, from 1815 to 1819. Died May 
21, 1827. 

Blow, Henry T. — Born in South- 
ampton County, Virginia, July 15, 
1817 ; removed to Missouri in 1830", and 
graduated at the St. Louis University ; 
devoted himself to the drug and lead 
business ; served four years in the State 
Senate ; in 1861 he was appointed by 
President Lincoln Minister to Vene- 
zuela, which he resigned in less than a 
year, and in 1862 he was elected a Re- 
presentative from Missouri to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committee of Ways and Means. He 



was also a Delegate to the Baltimore 
Convention of 1864. 

Boardntan, Elijah. — Born in 

New Milford, Connecticut, March 7, 
1760, and became a successful merchant. 
He was frequently a member of the Le- 
gislature, member of the Council, and a 
Senator in Congress, from 1821 to 1823. 
He died in Boardman, Ohio, October 8, 
1823. 

Boardman, William W. — He 

was born in New Milford, Connecticut, 
October 10, 179-4; graduated at Yale 
College in 1812 ; studied law at Litch- 
field and Cambridge, and practised with 
success ; was at one time Judge of Pro- 
bate ; for several years in theState Le- 
gislature, and Speaker of the House; 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
Connecticut, from 1841 to 1843. 

Bockee, Abraham. — He was bom 

in New York, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1829 to 1831, and again from 1833 to 
1837 ; he subsequently served four years 
in the Senate and one year in the As- 
sembly of the State of New York. 

Bocock, Thomas S. — He was born 
in Buckingham County, Virginia, in 
1815 ; graduated at Hampden Sidney 
College ; adopted the profession of law^ 
was Commonwealth Attorney for the 
County of Appomattox, in 1845 and 
1846 ; for several sessions a member of 
the Virginia House of Delegates ; and 
has been a Representative in Congress, 
from 1847 to the present time, serving, 
for some years, as Chairman of the 
Committee on Naval Affairs. Took 
part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a mem- 
ber of the " Confederate" Congress. 

Boden, Alexander. — He was born 
in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1817 to 1821. 

Bodle, Charles. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1833 to 1835, and died in New York 
City, in 1836. 

Bokee, David A. — He was born 
in New York, October 6, 1805 ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1849 to 1851, serving on the 
Committee on Indian Affairs ; and his 



44 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



last public position was that of Naval 
Officer of the port of New York, under 
President Pillmore. He died in Wash- 
ington, March 16, 1860 ; he was on a 
visit to that city and was found dead in 
his room. 

JBo7id, Shadrack. — He was elected 
a Delegate to Congress, from the Terri- 
tory of Illinois, from 1811 to 1815; and 
was the first Governor under the State 
Constitution. In 1814 was appointed 
Receiver of Public Moneys in Kaskas- 
kia, Illinois. He died at Kaskaskia, 
April 13, 1832. 

Bond^ William Key. — He was 

born in St. Mary's County, Maryland ; 
emigrated to Ohio in 1812 ; studied law 
and settled in the practice of the profes- 
sion at Chillicothe, and subsequently at 
Cincinnati ; was at one time a Colonel 
of militia ; and a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Ohio, from 1835 to 1841. 
Died at Cincinnati, February 17, 1864. 

Borihawi, Milledge L. — He was 

born in South Carolina ; gradtiated at 
the College of that State, in 1834 ; is a 
lawyer by profession ; and was elected 
a Eepresentative to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, from his native State, serving 
as a member of the Committee on Mili- 
tary Aflairs. He was re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, but resigned in 
December, 1860. He was a Major-Ge- 
neral of militia, and served in Mexico 
at the head of a batallion of South Caro- 
lina troops. Served as a Major-General 
in the Eebel army in 1861. 

Boody, Azariah. — Born in New 

York:, and was elected a Eepresentative 
from that State to the Thirty-third Con- 
gress, but resigned in October, 1853. 

JSoone, Matliff. — He was born in 
Franklin County, North Carolina, in 
1781, and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Indiana, from 1825 to 1827, 
and again, from 1829 to 1839, officiating 
as Chairman of the Committee on Pub- 
lic Lands, during the Twenty-fourth 
Congress. He died in Louisiana, No- 
vember 20, 1844. 

Booth, Walter. — Born in Wood- 
bridge, New Haven County, Connecti- 
cut, December 8, 1791, and after receiv- 
ing a good school education in New 
Haven, he settled in the town of Meri- 



den, where he still resides. He was for 
several years a merchant and manufac- 
turer, and for eighteen years President 
of the Meriden Bank ; he has been a 
member of the General Assembly and 
State Senate ; and in 1834, was Asso- 
ciate Judge of the County Court. He 
was Major-General of militia, and 
elected a member of the Thirty-first 
Congress, serving on the Committee of 
Public Expenditures. He has since 
been engaged in agricultural pursuits. 

Bordeti, Nathaniel B. — He was 

born in Fall Eiver, Massachusetts, 
April 15, 1801, and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from the Fall Eiver 
District, in that State, from 1835 to 1839, 
and again, from 1841 to 1843, and was 
a member of the Committees on Elec- 
tions and on Territories. He w"as also 
a member of the State Legislature in 
1831, 1834, and 1851, and a State Sena- 
tor from 1845 to 1848. 

Borland, Cliarles. — He was born 

in Orange County, New York, and 
was a member of the New York As- 
sembly in 1820 ; a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 
1823 ; and was again elected to the As- 
sembly in 1836. 

Borland, Solon. — He was born in 

Virginia ; was educated in North Caro- 
lina ; served in the war with Mexico as 
a volunteer ; was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Arkansas, from 1848 to 
1853, and was appointed, by President 
Pierce, Minister to Central America. 
He also received, from President Pierce, 
the appointment of Governor of the 
Territory of New Mexico, but declined. 
He took part in the.Eebellion of 1861 
as a Brigadier-General. Died in Texas ' 
early in 1864. 

Borst, Peter J. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from the County 
of Schoharie, New York, from 1829 to 
1831, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Expenditures in the Post- 
office Department. Died at Middle- 
burg, New York, November 14, 1848. 

Boss, John L. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Ehode 
Island, from 1815 to 1819. 

Bossier, Peter E. — He was de- 
scended from an old French family 'of 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



45 



Louisiana, and after serving ten years 
in the State Senate, he was elected a 
member of the Twenty-eighth Congress, 
and died in Washington before tlie ex- 
piration of his term, April 24, 1844. 

Boteler, Alexander JR. — Born in 
Shepherdstown, Jeflerson County, Vir- 
ginia, May 16, 1815. After going 
through an academic course of studies 
in his native town, he entered Prince- 
ton College, and graduated in 1835, 
and since that time has been chiefly 
devoted to rural and literary pursuits. 
In 1852 and 1856, he was on the Elec- 
toral tickets, Whig and American ; and 
in 1859 he was elected a Eepresentative, 
from Virginia, to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on 
Military Atfairs. Resigned on the 
breaking out of the Rebellion in 1861. 

Softs, John M. — Born in Dum- 
fries, Prince William County, Vir- 
ginia, September 16, 1802, but removed 
with his father to Fredericksburg, and 
subsequently to Richmond. In 1811 
he lost his parents, at the conflagration 
of the Richmond theatre, and was sent 
to a boarding-school. At eighteen he 
was admitted to the bar, practised for 
six years, and then retired to a farm in 
Henrico County. He served in the 
Legislature, from 1833 to 1839, when 
he was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, and occupied that 
position until 1843 ; was re-elected to 
the Thirtieth Congress, and was Chair- 
man of the Committee on Military 
Affairs. He afterwards resumed the 
practice of his profession in Richmond, 
where he now resides, having, since 
1851, declined all nominations for public 
oflSce in his State. 

Souck, tfoseph. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1831 
.to 1833, serving on the Committee on 
Imprisonment for Debt. 

Sonde, Tliomas. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1801 to 1803. 

Boudinof, Elkts. — Was born in 
Philadelphia, May 2, 1740. He studied 
the law and became eminent in that 
profession. At an early period of the 
Revolutionary War, he was appointed 
by Congress Commissary-General of 



prisoners. In the year 1777, he was 
chosen a member of Congress, and in 
1782 was made President of that body. 
After the adoption of the Constitution, 
he entered the House of Representa- 
tives, where he continued for six years. 
He then succeeded Rittenhouse as Di- 
rector of the Mint of the United States, 
an ofSce which he resigned in the course 
of a few years, and lived from that time 
at Burlington, New Jersey. He de- 
voted himself earnestly to biblical litera- 
ture, and being possessed of an ample 
fortune, made munificent donations to 
various charitable and theological insti- 
tutions. The American Bible Society, 
of which he became President, was 
particularly an object of his bounty. 
He died at Burlington, New Jersey, 
October 24, 1821. 

Boiildin, James W. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1833 to 1839. 

Boiildin, Thomas T. — He was 

born in Virginia ; spent his youth in 
farming ; adopted the profession of law, 
and reached a high judicial position ; 
was a member of Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1829 to 1833, and died in 
the Capitol, at Washington, February 
11, 1833. On the day preceding his 
death, he was censured by a colleague 
for omitting to call the attention of the 
House to the death of his predecessor, 
John Randolph ; and he had risen to 
reply, when he was seized with para- 
lysis, sank down into a chair, and died 
immediately. Before entering Congress, 
he had been a lawyer of high rank, and 
an able and upright judge, and highly 
respected for his talents and integrity. 

Boulif/ny, Dominique. — He was 

born in Louisiana ; was a lawyer by 
profession ; was a Senator in Congress, 
from that State, from 1824 to 1829 ; and 
died in 1833. 

BouUgny, John Edmond. — He 

was born in New Orleans, February 5, 
1824, and was of Creole descent ; re- 
ceived a good education ; held several 
ofiices of trust in his native city ; and 
was elected a Representative, from 
Louisiana, to the Thirty-sixth Congress. 
Of the representatives of twelve mil- 
lions of people, he was the only one 
who refused to abandon his State to 
the leaders of the secession movement, 



46 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



and he continued in Congress until the 
close of his term. He died in Wash- 
ington, of consumption, February 20, 
1864. Dominique Bouligny, formerly 
a Senator from Louisiana, was his uncle. 

Bourne, Benjamin. — He was a 

native of Bristol, Ehode Island, and 
was born about the j^ear 1755, and 
educated at Harvard College, where he 
graduated in 1775. He was conspicu- 
ous for talents and learning, and spent 
a large part of his life in public and 
honorable employments. He was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from Rhode 
Island, from 1790 to 1796, when he re- 
signed, and was appointed Judge of the 
United States District Court of Ehode 
Island. He died September 17, 1808. 

Bourne, Shearjasub. — He was a 

graduate of Harvard College in 1764; 
was Chief Justice of the Court of Com- 
mon Pleas for Suffolk County, Massa- 
chusetts ; and a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1791 to 1795. He died in 
1806. 

Boutivell, George S. — He was 

born in BrookMne, Norfolk County, 
Massachusetts, January 28, 1818. When 
a boy he had some experience in farm- 
ing ; was in the mercantile business as 
apprentice, clerk, and proprietor for 
twenty years ; studied law, and came to 
the bar in 1836 ; served seven years in 
the Massachusetts Legislature, between 
the years 1842 and 1850 ; was a mem- 
ber of the Massachusetts Constitutional 
Convention of 1853, and also of the 
Peace Congress of 1861 ; was a Bank 
Commissioner in 1849 and 1850; was 
Governor of Massachusetts in 1851 and 
1852; Secretary of the Massachusetts 
Board of Education for eleven years; 
member for sis years of the Board of 
Overseers of Harvard College ; and 
Commissioner of Internal Eevenuefrom 
July, 1862, to March, 1863. In 1862 
he was elected a Eepresentative, from 
Massachusetts, to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the Judiciary Com- 
mittee. He was also a Delegate to the 
Baltimore Convention of 1864. 

Bovee, 3Iatthetv J, — He was born 
in New York, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1835 to 1837, serving on the Committee 
on Expenditures in the War Depart- 
ment. 



Botvden, Lemuel J. — Was born 
in the North Neck of Virginia in 1812 ; 
graduated at William and Mary Col- 
lege; was a lawyer by profession; 
served three sessions in the Virginia 
Legislature ; was a member of the Con- 
vention for amending the State Consti- 
tution in 1849 ; also of the Convention 
for the same purpose in 1851 ; suffered 
much, in his estate, from the Eebel ar- 
mies, during the early part of the Ee- 
bellion. While our troops were at 
Williamsburg, he did much for the 
comfort of our officers and men; and 
in 1863 he was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, but died in Wash- 
ington City, January 2, 1864. In the 
Senate he served on the Committees on 
Pensions and Post-office and Post-roads. 

Boivdon, Franhlin W. — Born in 

Alabama, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from 1846 to 1851, from his 
native State. In 1852 he removed to 
Texas, and engaged in the practice of 
the law. He died at Henderson, Texas, 
June 6, 1857. 

Botven, John H. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Tennes- 
see, from 1813 to 1815. 

Botver, Gustavus B. — He was 

born in Virginia, and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Missouri, from 
1843 to 1845. 

Bowers, John 31. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1813 to 1814. 

Boivie, Richard I. — He was born 
in G-eorgetown, District of Columbia, 
June 23, 1807. He received a classical 
education, and was admitted to the bar 
in his nineteenth year, and, subse- 
quently, to practice in the Supreme 
Court of the United States. In 1836 
and 1837 he was elected to the Legisla- 
ture of Maryland; in 1840 he was a 
Delegate to the Harrisburg Convention, 
called to nominate a President ; and he 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
1849 to 1853. It is claimed by his 
friends that he made the first speech in 
the House of Eepresentatives on the 
Compromise measures of 1850. 

Botvie, TJiomas F. — Born at 

Queen Ann, Prince George's County, 
Maryland, April 7, 1808 ; graduated, in 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



47 



1837, at Union College, New York; 
adopted the profession of law; served 
as Deputy Attorney-General for Prince 
George's County sixteen years; served 
three terms in the Legislature of Mary- 
land, and was elected a Eepresentative, 
from Maryland, in the Thirty-fourth 
and Thirty-fifth Congresses. He was a 
member of the Committee on the Dis- 
trict of Columbia. 

Boivle, JFnlter. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Maryland, 
from 1802 to 1805. 

Bowlin, James J5. — Born in 
Spottsylvania County, Virginia, in 
1804. He was reared a mechanic, but 
obtained a common school education ; 
and, after studying law, was admitted 
to the bar, in Greenbrier Countv, in 
1827. In 1833 he removed to St. Louis, 
Missouri; in 1834 was appointed Chief 
Clerk of the State House of Represen- 
tatives, and in 1835 was elected a mem- 
ber of the Legislature. In 1837 he was 
made District Attorney for St. Louis; 
soon after attorney for the Bank of St. 
Louis; in 1839 he was elected Judge of 
the Criminal Court; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1843 to 1851. 
In 1858 he was appointed, by President 
Buchanan, Commissioner to Paraguay. 

Botvne, Obadiah. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1851 to 1853. 

Bowne, Samuel S. — He •was a 
member of the New York Assembly in 
1834, and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1841 to 1843. 

Boyce, Williani W. — Born in 
Charleston, South Carolina, October 24, 
1819, and was educated at the South 
Carolina College and Virginia Univer- 
sity. He is a lawyer by profession ; was 
a member of the Legislature of South 
Carolina in 1842, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1853 to Decem- 
ber, 1860, when he resigned. He took 
part in the Rebellion as a member of 
the "Confederate" Congress. His tastes 
are of a literary character, and he is 
said to be a hard student. When re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, he 
served as a member of the Committee 
on Elections, and at the time of his 



leaving Congress, he was a member of 
the famous Committee of Thirty-three. 

Boyd, Adam. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Jer- 
sey, from 1803 to 1805, and again from 
1808 to 1813. He was an active sup- 
porter of the Revolution, and a man of 
strong natural ability. He died in 
Hackensack, New Jersey, at an ad- 
vanced age. 

Boyd, Alexandei\ — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1813 to 1815. 

Boyd, tTohn, H. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1853. He was a member, in 1840, of 
the State Assembly, from Washington 
County. 

Boyd, Linn. — Was born in Nash- 
ville, Tennessee, November 22, 1800. 
His early advantages were limited, but 
on arriving at man's estate he removed 
to Kentucky, entered into politics, and 
in 1827 was elected to the Legislature 
of that State, from Calloway County, 
serving three sessions, and in 1831 was 
re-elected for another session, from 
Trigg County. He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Kentucky, from 
1835 to 1837, from 1839 to 1847, and 
again from 1847 to 1855. He was Chair- 
man of the Committee on Territories 
during the Thirty-first Congress; and 
during his last term in Congress occu- 
pied the chair of Speaker of the House 
of Representatives. He also served one 
term as Lieutenant-Governor of Ken- 
tucky. During his career in Congress 
he labored faithfully and constantly for 
his constituents, and retired to private 
life with a high reputation. Died in 
Paducah, Kentucky, December 16, 1859. 

Boyd, Sempronius H. — He was 

born in Williamson County, Tennessee, 
May 28, 1828 ; received a good English 
education ; adopted the profession of 
law ; in 1861 raised a regiment for the 
war and became its commander, the 
same having acquired reputation as "the 
Lyon legion;" and in 1862 he was elect- 
ed a Representative, from Missouri, to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Indian Aifairs, and 
as Chairman of the Committee on Un- 
finished Business. 



48 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Boy den, Nathaniel. — Born in 
Franklin Township, Massachusetts, Au- 
gust 16, 1796 ; he graduated at Union 
College, New York, in 1820; in 1821 
removed to North Carolina ; there he 
taught school, studied law, and was 
elected a number of times to the State 
Legislature. He was in Congress as a 
Representative, from 1847 to 1849, and 
was a meraher of the Committee on 
Expenditures in the Navy Department ; 
he declined a re-election, for the purpose 
of devoting his whole attention to the 
practice of his profession. 

Boyle, Jolm. — He was born in 
Kentucky, liberally educated, and a law- 
yer by profession. He was a Judge of 
the Supreme Court of Kentucky, also 
Chief Justice of the State ; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1803 to 
1809, when he was appointed Governor 
of Illinois Territory. He was a distin- 
guished and successful lawyer, and able 
judge, and died in Kentucky, January 
28, 1834. During the eight years im- 
mediately preceding his death, he was 
Judge of the United States District 
Court for Kentucky, having been ap- 
pointed by President Adams. 

Brahson, Beest B. — Born in Ten- 
nessee, and elected a Representative, 
from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Invalid Pensions. Died in 
Tennessee, in September, 1868. 

Brace, tlonatJian. — He was born 
in Harrington, Connecticut, November 
12, 1754, and died at Hartford, Connec- 
ticut, August 26, 1837. He was a gra- 
duate of Yale College in 1779, and was 
elected a Judge of Probate, Chief Judge 
of the Hartford County Court, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 1798 
to 1800. He was also frequently in the 
State Legislature, at one time State's 
Attorney for Hartford County, and for 
nine years Mayor of Hartford. 

Bradbtiry, George. — Was born 
in Portland, then called Falmouth, Mas- 
sachusetts, in 1770. He graduated at 
Harvard College in 1789, and immedi- 
ately commenced the study of law. He 
established himself in the practice at 
Portland. From 1806 to 1810 he was 
a member of the State Legislature, and 
also in 1811 and 1812. In 1812 he was 
chosen to represent the Cumberland Dis- 



trict in Congress, as successor to Wil- 
liam Widgery, whose vote on, and sup- 
port of war measures, rendered him 
unpopular with his constituents. Mr. 
Bradbury received the approbation of a 
second election in 1814. After this ser- 
vice he returned to his profession, which 
he pursued to the time of his death, 
which took place in Portland, Novem- 
ber 7, 1823, having been Associate Clerk 
of a court in Portland from 1817 to 
1820, and a State Senator in 1822. 

Bradbury, James W. — He was 

born in Maine, in 1805; graduated at 
Bowdoin College in 1825 ; adopted the 
profession of law ; was a County Attorney 
from 1834 to 1838 ; a Presidential Elec- 
tor in 1844 ; and was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1847 to 1853, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on Printing. 

Bradbury, Theophilus. — Was 

born in that portion of Newbury, now 
Newburyport, in 1739. Having gradu- 
ated at Harvard University at the age 
of eighteen, he then studied law, and 
practised in Falmouth, Maine, until 
1779, when he returned to his native 
town. After tilling several local offices, 
he was chosen to represent the Essex 
District in Congress, from 1795 to 1797. 
About six years before his death, which 
occurred September 6, 1803, he was ap- 
pointed a Judge of the Supreme Court 
of Massachusetts. 

Bradford, William. — Was born 

at Plymton, Massachusetts, November 
4, 172f . He studied medicine, and es- 
tablished himself in practice at Warren, 
Rhode Island, but afterwards removed 
to Bristol. He then turned his atten- 
tion to the law, and became one of the 
most distinguished civilians of the State. 
He took an active part in the cause of 
his country during the Revolution, and 
afterwards held many important sta- 
tions. He was Lieutenant-G-overnor of 
the State, and a member of the United 
States Senate, from 1793 to 1797, when 
he resigned. He was President ^7-o 
tern, of the Senate during a part of the 
Fifth Congress. He died July 6, 1808. 

Bradley, Stephen B. — He was 

born in Connecticut, and graduated at 
Yale College in 1 775. He was a General 
of militia, the intimate friend of General 
Ethan Allen, and the aid of General 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



49 



Woostei" when that officer fell in a skir- 
mish with the enemy. He was a lawyer 
by profession; and the first Senator from 
Vermont in the Congress of the United 
States, serving from 1791 to 1795, and 
from 1801 to 1813 ; a man of eminent 
ability, but of eccentric habits ; and 
died in New Hampshire, December 16, 
1830, aged seventy-six years. During 
a part of the Seventh and Tenth Con- 
gresses he officiated as President pro 
tern, of the Senate. 

Bvadley, William C. — Born at 

Westminster, Vermont, March 28, 1782. 
He entered Yale College, and was com- 
pelled to leave when a freshman, in 1796, 
and yet in 1817, the Corporation of the 
Institution surprised him with the de- 
gree of M. A. He studied law with his 
father, Stephen E. Bradley, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1802. The pub- 
lic positions held by him are as follows : 
From 1800 to 1803, Secretary of Com- 
missioners of Bankruptcy ; from 1804 
to 1811, State's Attorney for Windham 
County, and part of this period Clerk 
of Westminster ; in 1806-7, Eepresen- 
tative in the State Legislature; in 1812, 
member of the State Council ; a Repre- 
sentative in Congress from 1813 to 1815 ; 
from 1817 to 1822, agent of the United 
States under the Treaty of Ghent; again 
in Congress, from 1823 to 1827 ; in 1850 
again in the State Legislature ; in 1856 
a Presidential Elector ; in 1857 a mem- 
ber of the State Constitutional Conven- 
tion; and in 1858 took formal leave of 
the bar, at which he had practised for 
fifty-four years, conferring honor upon 
his native State and winning a spotless 
reputation as a man. He was also Pre- 
sidential Elector in 1857. 

SradsJiaw, Samuel C. — He was 

born in Plumstead Township, Bucks 
County, Pennsylvania, June 10, 1809 ; 
received a common school education ; 
studied medicine, and graduated at the 
Pennsylvania M^ical College in 1833 ; 
and was a Representative, from his na- 
tive State, to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 

Sradif, tJasper E. — He was born 
in New jersey, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1847 to 1849. He subsequently 
settled in the practice of law at Pitts- 
burg, Pennsylvania. 



J^i'ffOOf fTohn. — He was born in 
North Carolina, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Alabama, from 
1851 to 1853. 

Brafjff, Thomas. — Born in War- 
renton, Warren County, North Caro- 
lina, November 9, 1810 ; was chiefly 
educated at the Military Academy at 
Middletown, Connecticut ; studied law 
and commenced practice in 1831 ; in 
1842 was elected to the Assembly of his 
State; in 1853 was a Presidential Elec- 
tor; was Governor of North Carolina 
for two terms, from 1855 to 1859 ; and 
was elected a Senator in Congress for 
the term commencing in 1859, serving 
on the Committees on Public Lands 
and Claims. Expelled from the Senate 
in July, 1861, having previously taken 
part in the Rebellion. 

Urainard, S. — He was a Senator 
in Congress, from Vermont, during the 
session of 1854—5. 

JSranch, tTohn. — Born in Halifax 
County, North Carolina, November 4, 
1782; graduated at the University of 
North Carolina in 1801 ; studied and 
practised law ; in 1811 was elected a 
State Senator ; re-elected every year un- 
til 1817 ; was then elected Governor of 
the State ; again entered the State Senate 
in 1822 ; served in the United States 
Senate from 1823 to 1829 ; and was in 
the latter year appointed Secretary of 
the Navy by President Jackson. On 
his return home from Washington, in 
1831, he was elected to a seat in Con- 
gress as Representative ; in 1834 was 
again elected to the State Senate ; in 
1835 elected a member of the Conven- 
tion to revise the State Constitution ; 
and in 1843 was appointed Governor of 
the Territory of Florida ; after which 
he retired to private life, to enjoy in 
peace the love and respect of his many 
friends. Died at Enfield, North Caro- 
lina, January 4, 1863. 

Branch, Lawrence O. B. — Born 
in North Carolina in 1820; graduated 
at Princeton College in 1838 ; is a law- 
yer by profession ; and was elected a Re- 
presentative, from North Carolina, to 
the Thirty-fourth, and re-elected to 
the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Con- 
gresses, serving as a member of the 
Committees on Territories, and on 
Foreign Affairs. He took part in the 



50 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Great Eebellion as a General, and was 
killed at the battle of Antietam, in 
September, 1862. 

Branclegee, Augustus. — He was 

born in New London, Connecticut, July 
15, 1828 ; graduated at Yale College in 
1849, and at the Yale Law School in 
1851 ; adopted the profession of law ; 
was elected in 1854, 1858, 1859, and 1861 a 
member of the Connecticut Legislature, 
having been chosen Speaker in the lat- 
ter year ; in 1860 he was a Presidential 
Elector, and was elected a Kepresenta- 
tive, from Connecticut, to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving as a member 
of the Committees on ISTaval Affairs, and 
Expenditures on Public Buildings, and 
also as Chairman of a special Committee 
on the Air-line Kailroad from Wash- 
ington to New York. He was also a 
Delegate to the Baltimore Convention 
of 1864. 

Srayton, Williatn D. — He was 

born in Warwick, Kent County, Rhode 
Island, November 6, 1815. He was 
educated at Brown University, and ill 
health preventing him from following 
a sedentary profession, he entered into 
active mercantile pursuits ; he held the 
position for some time of Town Clerk ; 
was elected in 1841 to the State Assem- 
bly, serving two terms ; after serving 
for two years in the Town Councils, 
part of the time as president, he was in 
1848 elected to the State Senate ; again 
elected to the State Assembly in 1851 ; 
elected a second time to the Senate in 
1855; was Presidential Elector in 1856; 
and was elected a member of the Thirty- 
fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serv- 
ing on the Committee on Patents, and 
as Chairman of the Committee on Ex- 
penditures on the Public Buildings. 

Brech, Daniel. — He was born near 
Boston, Massachusetts, in 1788; gradu- 
ated at Dartmouth College in 1812 ; he 
studied law, and removing to Kentucky 
in 1814, soon after commenced the prac- 
tice of his profession there ; his first 
public position in Kentucky was that of 
Judge of a county court ; in 1824 he was 
elected to the State Legislature, and re- 
elected five years ; from 1835 until 1843 
he was President of the Branch Bank of 
Kentucky, at Eichmond ; in 1840 he 
was a Presidential Elector ; in 1843 he 
was appointed Judge of the Supreme 
Court of Kentucky ; and he was a Re- 



presentative in Congress, from 1849 to 
1851, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Manufactures. The degree 
of LL.D. was conferred upon him, by 
the Transylvania University, in 1843, 
and he has attained the title of Colonel 
in the militia service. After leaving 
Congress, he resumed the office of bank 
president. 

BrecJc, Satnuel. — He was born in 
Boston, July 17, 1771 ; was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1823 to 1825, and died in Phila- 
delphia, September 1, 1862. 

Breckinridge, James. — He was 

a Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1809 to 1817. 

Breckinridge, fTames D. — He 

was born in Jefferson County, Ken- 
tucky, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 
1828. He died at Louisville, May, 1849. 

Breckinridge, John. — Was a 

Virginian by birth, and the author and 
advocate of the celebrated " Resolu- 
tions of 1798-99" in the Legislature of 
that State. Emigrating to Kentucky, 
he was elected United States Senator in 
1801, and was appointed Attorney-Ge- 
neral of the United States, by President 
Jefferson, in January, 1805, holding 
the office until January, 1806. One of 
his sons, Robert C. Breckinridge, is 
a distinguished Presbyterian divine ; 
another, John Cabell Breckinridge, was 
an eminent lawyer, and the father of 
Vice-President Breckinridge. He died 
at Lexington, Kentucky, December 14, 
1806. 

Breckinridge, Jolxn C — He was 

born near Lexington, Kentucky, Janu- 
ary 16, 1821 ; was educated at Centre Col- 
lege, Kentucky ; spent a few months at 
Princeton ; studied law at the Transyl- 
vania Institute, and was admitted to 
the bar at Lexingto#. He emigrated 
to Burlington, Iowa, where he remained 
for a time, but returned to Lexington, 
where he has since. resided, and when 
not engaged in public duties has prac- 
tised his profession with success. He 
served as a Major of infantry during 
the war with Mexico, and while in that 
country, distinguished himself as the 
counsel of Major-Gen eral Pillow during 
the famous court-martial. On his re- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



51 



turn from Mexico, he was elected to the 
State Legislature ; and was a Kepresen- 
tative in Congress, from the Ashland 
District, from 1851 to 1855. During 
his administration, President Pierce 
tendered to him the mission to Spain, 
but family affairs compelled him to de- 
cline the honor. He was elected Vice- 
President of the United States in 1856, 
on the ticket with James Buchanan, and 
entered upon the duties of his office in 
March, 1857, as President of the United 
States Senate. In 1861 he went into 
the Senate as the successor of Mr. Crit- 
tenden. In 1860 he was nominated by 
the Southern Democratic party, as their 
candidate for President, but clefeated. 
He took part in the Great Kebellion of 
1861 as a General. 

Breese, Sidney. — He was born in 
Whitesborough, Oneida County, New 
York, July 15, 1800. He attended Ha- 
milton College, but graduated at Union 
College. He removed to Illinois, and 
after due preparation, and before be- 
coming of age, was admitted to the bar. 
His first public position was that of Cap- 
tain of militia, after which he became 
Assistant Secretary of State under Sec- 
retary Kane, and was appointed Post- 
master of Kaskaskia. In 1822 he was 
appointed State Attorney, which office 
he held until 1827, when he was ap- 
pointed Attorney of the United States 
for Illinois. In" 1829 he published a 
volume of Decisions of the Supreme 
Court, which now bears his name, and 
was the first octavo volume published 
in the State; he served in the Black 
Hawk war as a Lieutenant of volunteers. 
In 1835 he was elected a Circuit Judge. 
He was a Senator in Congress, from Il- 
linois, from 1843 to 1849, and officiated 
as Chairman of the Committee on Pub- 
lic Lands; he was a Kegent of the 
Smithsonian Institute during President 
Polk's administration. In 1850 he went 
into the Illinois Legislature, and was 
elected Speaker. He was one of the ori- 
ginators of the Illinois Central Eail- 
road. In 1855 he was again placed 
upon the Circuit Court bench, and 
having been made Chief Judge, still 
holds the position. 

Brenffle, Francis. — He was born 
in Maryland, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1845. Died December 10, 1846. 



Brent, Michard. — He was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1795 to 1799, and again from 1801 
to 1803 ; and a Senator in Congress from 
1809 to 1814. He died December 30, 
1814. 

Brent, William L. — He was born 
in Charles County, Maryland, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Louisiana, from 1823 to 1829. Died in 
July, 1848. 

Brentou, Samuel.— He was a na- 
tive of Gallatin County, Kentucky ; was 
a minister of the Gospel from the age of 
twenty until 1848, when, stricken by 
paralysis, he resigned, and was appoint- 
ed Register of the Fort Wayne Land 
Office. He was elected to Congress in 
1851, and again in 1855. He was also 
President of the Fort Wayne College. 
He died March 29, 1857, aged forty- 
eight years. 

Brevard, James. — He was born 
in Iredell County, North Carolina, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
South Carolina, from 1819 to 1821. 

Brewster, David J*.— He was born 
in New York, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1839 to 1843. 

Bridges, George W. — Was born 
in McMinn County, Tennessee, October 
9, 1825; was educated at the East Ten- 
nessee University; adopted the profes- 
sion of law; was Attorney-General of 
the State in 1849 and in 1854, holding 
the office for eleven years ; held the po- 
sitions of Bank Attorney and Railroad 
Director ; was a Presidential Elector in 
1860; was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from Tennessee, in 1861, to 
serve in the Thirty-seventh Congress ; 
but having been arrested by the Con- 
federates during the Rebellion, did not 
take his seat until towards the close of 
the last session. 

Bridges, Samuel A. — He was born 
in Colchester, Connecticut, January 27, 
1802; received an academic education, 
and graduated at Williamstown College 
in 1826 ; studied law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1829. In 1830 he removed 
to Pennsylvania; was for seven years 
Deputy Attorney-General of the State 
for Lehigh County ; and he was a Re- 



52 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1848 to 1849, and from 
1853 to 1855. 

Sriggs, George. — He was born in 
Tulton County, New York, in 1805, 
but removed to Vermont in 1813, to the 
Legislature of whicb State be was elected 
in 1837. In 1838 be settled in tbe City 
of New York, and for many years de- 
voted himself to the hardware business, 
by which he amassed a fortune. He 
represented the City of New York in 
Congress, from 1849 to 1853, and in" 
1858 was elected to tbe Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Kevolutionary Claims. 

Sriggs, George N. — He was born 
in Adams or Andover, Berkshire Coun- 
ty, Massachusetts, April 12, 1796; com- 
menced life by learning the trade of a 
hatter ; spent one year in an academy ; 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1818; was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from 1831 to 1843, officiating 
during the Twenty-seventh Congress as 
Chairman .of the Committee on the 
Post-office; and from 1844 to 1851 was 
Governor of Massachusetts. Prom 1853 
to 1859 he also held the position of Judge 
of the Court of Common Pleas; having 
been a member of the State Constitu- 
tional Convention of 1853, and Kegister 
of Deeds from 1824 to 1831. Died in 
1861. 

Brighani, Elijah. — He was a na- 
tive of Northborough, Massachusetts ; 
a graduate of Dartmouth College in 
1778; studied law at Harvard; was a 
merchant by occupation; held many 
positions of trust and responsibility; 
and was a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1816. 
He died in Washington City, of croup, 
April 22, 1816, aged sixty-six years. 

JBrightf Jesse D. — Born at Nor- 
wich, Chenango County, New York, 
December 18, 1812; received an acade- 
mic education, and studied law as a 
profession. He was Circuit Judge of 
Indiana, State Senator, Marshal of the 
United States for the District of In- 
diana, and Lieutenant-Governor of that 
State. He was a United States Senator 
from 1845 to 1857, and President of the 
Senate during several sessions. He was 
elected for an additional term in 1857, 
and was Chairman of the Committee on 



Public Buildings and Grounds, and a 
member of the Committees on Finance 
and the Pacific Eailroad. Expelled for 
disloyalty in February, 1862. 

Brinkerhoff, Henry It. — He was 

born in Adams County, Pennsylvania, 
in 1788, and emigrated at an early 
period to New York. During the last 
war with England, he served in com- 
mand of a volunteer company, and dis- 
tinguished himself at the laattle of 
Queenstown. In 1837 he removed to 
Ohio, and was elected to Congress, as 
Eepresentative from that State, in 1843, 
but died before the expiration of his 
term, in Huron County, Ohio, April 
30, 1844. 

SrinJcerhoff', Jacob. — He was 

born in New York, and was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1843 to 1847. 

BristOtv, F. ilif.— Born near Nicho- 
lasville. Jessamine County, Kentucky, 
August 11, 18P4 ; received a good Eng- 
lish educatioii!; studied law, but divided 
his time between that profession and 
farming ; in 1831 and 1833 he was 
elected to the Kentucky legislature ; 
in 1846 to the State Senate ; in 1849 
was a member of the State Constitu- 
tional Convention ; in 1853 was elected 
a Eepresentative in Qongress for the 
unexpired term'-of PrQsley Ewiiig ; and 
in 1859 was elected- a Eepresentative, 
from Kentucky, to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving on the Committee 
on Agriculture. Died at Elkton, Ken- 
tucky, June 10, 1864. 

..k 

Broadhead^ John C. — He was a 

Eepresentative m Congress, from New 
York, from 1831 to 1833, and again 
from 1837 to 1839. 

BrocJcenbrough, William H. — 

Born in 1813 ; he originally went to 
Florida for the benefit of his health, 
which, during his residence there, was 
a continual depression upon his physical 
and mental energies. He, however, 
held no undistinguished position as a 
citizen, having been, under the Territo- 
rial government, a Senator from the 
Western District, and at one time Presi- 
dent of the Senate, also United States 
District Attorney, and a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress from 1845 to 1847. He 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



53 



died in Tallahassee, Florida, June, 
1850, of pulmonary consumption. 

Brochway, John H. — Born in 
Ellington, Connecticut ; graduated at 
Yale College in 1820 ; he commenced 
active life by teaching the academy at 
East Windsor Hill ; he studied law, 
and has been devoted to the practice of 
the profession ever since. He has fre- 
quently served in the two Houses of 
the State Legislature, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress from 1839 to 
1843. 

BrodericTc, JDatid C. — Born in 
the District of Columbia, of Irish parent- 
age, in December, 1818 ; when a boy of 
five years, removed to New York City 
with his father ; during his youth he was 
apprenticed to the trade of a stone- 
cutter, which was the trade of his father ; 
was for many years foreman of a fire 
engine company in New York, during 
which period he was an active politician ; 
removed to California in 1849, and en- 
gaged in the business of smelting and 
assaying gold ; was a member of the 
Convention which drafted the Consti- 
tution of that State ; served two years 
in the California Senate, and was Presi- 
dent of that body in 1851 ; and he was 
elected a Senator in Congress in 1856 
for the long term, taking his seat during 
the second session of the Thirty-fourth 
Congress. Diedin San Francisco, Cali- 
fornia, September 16, 1859, from a 
wound received in a duel fought with 
David S. Terry, Chief Justice bf the 
Supreme Court of that State, on the 
13th of the same month. He was the 
first member of the United States. Se- 
nate ever killed in a duel ; and it is said 
thati sonre of the marble pillars in the 
old • Senate Chamber, where he had a 
seat, were cut by his own father. 

Brodhead, tTohn. — He was a min- 
ister of the Methodist Episcopal Church 
for forty-four years, and a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from New Hamp- 
shire, from 1829 to 1833. He died at 
New Market, New Hampshire, April 
7, 1838, aged sixty-seven years. 

Brodhead, Bichard. — He was a 

native of Pike County, Pennsylvania ; 
was a Representative in Congress from 
1843 to 1849, and a Senator of the 
United States from 1851 to 1857, from 



Pennsylvania. Died at Easton, Penn- 
sylvania, September 17, 1863. 

Bronsotif David. — Born in Suf- 
field, Connecticut ; graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in 1819 ; studied law and 
admitted "to the bar in 1823 ; was a 
member of the Legislature, as Repre- 
sentative, in 1832 and 1834, and as 
Senator in 1846 ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Norridgewock, 
Maine, from 1841 to 1843, and served 
as a member of the Committee on Pub- 
lic Lands. From 1850 to 1853, he was 
Collector of Customs at Bath, Maine ; 
and from 1854 to 1857, was Judge of 
Probate for Sagadahock County. Died 
in Talbot County, Maryland, in No- 
vember, 1863. 

Bronson, Isaac IT, — Born in Rut- 
land, New York, October 16, 1802, and 
died at Pilatka, Florida, August 13, 1855. 
He was educated for the bar, and admit- 
ted to practice in 1822 ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1837 to 1839, ofliciating as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Territories, 
when he was appointed one of the Ter- 
ritorial Judges of Florida, and from 
that time until his death, he served 
continually on the bench, — at the time 
of his death being District Judge of the 
United States for Northern Florida. 

Brooke, Walter. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Mississippi, from 
1852 to 1853. 

Brooks, David. — Was born in 
1736; entered the army in 1776 as a 
Lieutenant in the Pennsylvania line ; 
was captured at Fort Washington, and 
remained a prisoner for two years. 
Upon being exchanged, he was pro- 
moted Assistant Clothier-General at 
head-qnarters, — an office of responsi- 
bility, which he so filled as to secure 
the friendship of Washington. After 
the close of the war, he removed to 
New York, and afterwards settled in 
Dutchess County, representing each lo- 
cality in the State Legislature. He 
was a Representative in Congress from 
May, 1797, to July, 1797; a Commis- 
sioner for making tlae first treaty with 
the Seneca Indians (signed where the 
city of Utica now stands), and subse- 
quently first Judge of Dutchess County 
for sixteen years. He died at his home, 



54 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



where he was universally esteemed, in 
August, 1838. 

Srooks, tTanies. — He was horn in 
Portland, Maine, November 10, 1810. 
When only eleven years old he became 
a clerk in a store ; when sixteen was a 
school-teacher, and at the age of nearly 
twenty-one, he graduated at the Water- 
ville College. He has been an extensive 
traveller, both in this country and Eu- 
rope, and has published a large number 
of letters descriptive of his tours. In 
1835 he was elected to the Legislature 
of Maine ; in 1836 he established the 
New York Daily Express, of which he 
has since been the chief editor and pro- 
prietor ; in 1847 he was elected a mem- 
ber of the New York Legislature, and 
from 1849 to 1853 he was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from the city of New 
York, serving on the Committee of 
Public Lands ; re-elected to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving as a member 
of the Committee on Post-offices and 
Post-roads. 

JSrookSf 3Iicah. — He was born in 

Cheshire, Connecticut, in 1775; was 
educated by his father, with whom he 
removed to Western New York, and 
where he taught school. He settled on 
a farm, but was a Justice of the Peace 
in 1806, and for twenty years thereafter 
he was a County Judge. He was a 
member of the New York Assembly in 
1808 and 1809 ; was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from New York, from 
1815 to 1817; a member of the State 
Constitutional Convention of 1821 ; and 
a Presidential Elector in 1824. He 
died in Livingston County, New York, 
July 7, 1857. 

Brooks, Preston S. — He was born 
in Edgefield District, South Carolina, 
in August, 1819 ; graduated at the 
South Carolina College in 1839 ; studied 
law ; was admitted to the bar in 1843, 
and was a State Kepresentative in 1844. 
In 1846 he raised a company of volun- 
teers, was made Captain, and served in 
the Palmetto Regiment during most of 
the Mexican war. After the war he 
devoted himself to planting. He was 
elected to Congress in 1853, and again 
in 1855. In 1856 he made a personal 
assault upon Charles Sumner, in the 
United States Senate Chamber, which 
event caused much excitement throvigh- 
out the countr-y. The attack was caused 



by words uttered in debate by Senator 
Sumner against Senator Butler, who 
was Mr. Brooks's relative. Mr. Brooks 
died in Washington, District of Colum- 
bia, January 27, 1857, of acute inflamma- 
tion of the throat, leaving behind him 
many warm personal friends. 

Broom, Jacob. — He was born in 
Baltimore, Maryland, July 25, 1808; 
received a classical education ; on re- 
moving to Pennsylvania, was appoint- 
ed, in 1840, Deputy Auditor of that State ; 
in 1849 he was elected Clerk of the Or- 
phan's Court for the City and County 
of Philadelphia ; and was elected a Re- 
presentative, from that State, to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress. 

Brooniall, tfohn M. — Was born 
in Upper Chichester, Delaware County, 
Pennsylvania, January 19, 1816 ; re- 
ceived a common school education; stu- 
died law, and has been devoted to that 
profession ; has served in the Legisla- 
ture of the State, and in 1862 was elect- 
ed a Representative, from Pennsylva- 
nia, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and 
was a member of the Committees on 
Accounts, and Public Expenditures. 

Broome^ James 31. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Dela- 
ware, from 1805 to 1807. 

Brotvn, Aaron V. — Born in 
Brunswick County, Virginia, August 
15, 1795. He graduated at Chapel Hill 
University in 1814, and in 1815 removed 
with his parents to Tennessee, where 
he devoted himself to the study of law; 
and when admitted to practice, became 
a partner of the late James K. Polk, 
in Giles County, serving in the mean 
time for a number of years in the Le- 
gislature of Tennessee. In 1839 he was 
elected a member of Congress, and re- 
elected in 1841 and 1843. On his re- 
tirement from Congress, in 1845, he was 
elected Governor of Tennessee ; and he 
was at all times considered one of the 
most faithful and industrious leaders of 
the Democratic party in Tennessee. 
His last position was that of Postmaster- 
General in the cabinet of President Bu- 
chanan. Among the measures which 
marked his administration of our postal 
affairs may be mentioned the establish- 
ment of a new and shorter oceanic com- 
munication to California, by Tehuan- 
tepec, of the great overland mail from 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



55 



Memphis and St. Louis to San Fran- 
cisco, and another, across the continent, 
by the way of Salt Lake. His speeches, 
Congressional and political, were pub- 
lished at Nashville, in 1854, in a hand- 
some volume of seven hundred pages. He 
died in Washington, March 8th, 1859. 

JBrotVfi, Albert G. — He was born 
in Chester District, South Carolina, 
May 31, 1813; taken to Mississippi 
when a boy ; adopted the law as a pro- 
fession ; was a member of the State Le- 
gislature from 1835 to 1839; and was a 
Kepresentative in Congress, from Mis- 
sissippi, in 1840 and 1841. He was also 
a Judge of the Circuit Superior Court, 
in 1852 and 1853 ; Governor of Missis- 
sippi, from 1844 to 1848 ; was again 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
from 1848 to 1854; was elected a Uni- 
ted States Senator, from 1854 to 1858 ; 
and re-elected for six years, commenc- 
ing March 4, 1859, but resigned in Feb- 
ruary, 1861, to join the Great Rebellion. 
He was Chairman of the Committee on 
the District of Columbia, in the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, and a member of the 
Committee on Indian Affairs, and that 
of Enrolled Bills. His collected speeches 
were published in one volume in 1859. 

Srown, Anson. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, during 
the years 1839 and 1840, and died at 
Ballston, New York, June 21, 1840, 
much respected for his character and 
acquirements. 

JSrown, Bedford. — Born in Cas- 
well County, North Carolina, in 1795; 
was elected to the House of Commons, 
of that State, in 1815, in which capacity 
he served many years ; and was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from that State, from 
1829 to 1841, officiating as Chairman of 
the Committee on Agriculture during 
several sessions. He was subsequently 
elected ^to the General Assembly, and 
at the end of his term retired to private 
life. 

Srown, Benjamin. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Mas- 
sachusetts, from 1815 to 1817, having 
served in the State Legislature in 1809, 
1811, and 1812. 

Brown, B. Gratz. — He was born 
in Kentucky ; graduated at Yale Col- 



lege ; settled in Missouri, and served a 
number of years in the Legislature ; 
from 1850 to 1857 was editor of the St. 
Louis Democrat ; and in 1860 he was 
elected a Senator in Congress, from 
Missouri, for the term ending in 1867, 
serving on the Committees on Military 
Affairs and on Indians. 

Broivn, Charles. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1841 
to 1843, and again from 1847 to 1849. 
He subsequently held the office of Col- 
lector of the Port of Philadelphia. 

Broivn, Elias. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Maryland, 
from 1829 to 1831. 

Broivn, E^than A. — He was Go- 
vernor of Ohio, from 1818 to 1822, and 
from 1822 to 1825 a Senator in Congress, 
from that State, serving as a member 
of the Judiciary Committee. 

Brown, George H. — He was born 
in New Jersey ; graduated at Princeton 
College in 1828; adopted the profession 
of law ; was a member of the Conven- 
tion which formed the State Constitu- 
tion of 1844 ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from New Jersey, frona 
1851 to 1853. 

Broivn, James. — He was born in 
Virginia, October, 1766; studied law; 
settled first in Mississippi, at Natchez ; 
and was appointed, by President Jeffer- 
son, Secretary of the Territory of Loui- 
siana, after its acquisition. This led 
him to New Orleans, which became his 
home. He was appointed United States 
Attorney for the District of Louisiana, 
and rose to a high rank at the bar. He 
was chosen to the United States Senate, 
and served from 1812 to 1817, and again 
from 1819 to 1824, officiating as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Foreign Rela- 
tions, and was appointed Minister Ple- 
nipotentiary to France. He remained 
five years abroad, and subsequently set- 
tled in Philadelphia, where he died, of 
apoplexy, April 7, 1835. 

Broivn, James S. — He was born 
in Hampden, Maine, February 1, 1824; 
removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1840, 
where he studied law, and in 1844 took 
up his permanent residence in Milwau- 
kee, Wisconsin. In 1846 he was chosen 



56 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Prosecuting Attorney for Milwaukee 
County ; in 1848 was elected Attorney- 
General of the State; in 1861 was 
Mayor of Milwaukee ; and in 1862 he 
was elected a Kepresentative from Wis- 
consin to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving on the Committee of Elections. 

Broivn, Jeremiah. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania in 1776 ; served in the 
Legislature of that State, as a member 
of one or two State Conventions ; was 
the first Associate Judge, elected by the 
people, and was a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1841 to 1845. Died at Lancaster, March 
2, 1848. 

JBrotvn, tToJm. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Ehode Is- 
land, from 1799 to 1801. 

Brown, John. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Maryland, 
from 1809 to 1810. 

Srown, John. — He was born in 
Mifilin County, Pennsylvania, and was 
a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1821 to 1825. 

JBrotvn, John W. — He was born 
in Scotlancl, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from Orange County, New 
York, from 1833 to 1837, and was a 
member of the Committees on Invalid 
Pensions, Territories, and Expendi- 
tures on Public Buildings. 

Brown, JKilton. — He was born in 
Ohio, and on taking up his residence in 
Tennessee, was elected a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1841 
to 1847. 

Broivn, JRobert. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1798 to 1815. 

Brown, Titus. — He was born in 
Cheshire, New Hampshire ; was a mem- 
ber of the Legislature of New Hamp- 
shire, from 1820 to 1825 ; was elected a 
Kepresentative in Congress, from New 
Hampshire, from 1825 to 1829, serving 
as a member of the Committee on the 
Memorial of the Legislature of Ten- 
nessee. In 1842 he was elected to the 
State Senate and made President, and 
he also held the offices of Solicitor of 
Hillsborough County, from 1823 to 1825, 



and from 1829 to 1834, and Kailroad 
Commissioner. Died at Francistown, 
New Hampshire, January 31, 1849, aged 
sixty-three years. 

BrowUj, William. — He was born 
in Frederick County, Virginia, and 
was a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
Kentucky, from 1819 to 1823. 

Brown, William G. — He was 

born in Preston County, Virginia, Sep- 
tember 25, 1801 ; received a good Eng- 
lish education ; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1823 ; in 1832 he 
was elected to the Legislature of Vir- 
ginia, and served in that capacity again 
from 1840 to 1843. He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1845 to 1849; in 1850 he was a 
member of the Virginia State Conven- 
tion ; in 1860 a delegate to the Charles- 
ton Convention, and also to that held 
in Baltimore ; he was also a delegate tq 
the Virginia Convention of 1861, and 
opposed the action of the secessionists ; 
and on his return home he was elected 
a Kepresentative to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving on the Committees on 
Manufactures and the Militia ; and in 
1863 he was re-elected to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress as a Kepresentative 
from West Virginia, and served on the 
Committee of Claims. 

Brown, William J. — He was born 
in Kentucky, in 1805. He emigrated 
to Indiana in 1821, and was at one time 
Secretary of State for Indiana, and a 
member of the State Legislature ; a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from 1843 to 
1845, and again from 1849 to 1851 ; he 
was also Assistant Postmaster-General, 
under President Polk ; editor of the In- 
diana Sentinel ; State Librarian of In- 
diana ; and, at the time of his death, 
Special Agent of the Post-Office Depart- 
ment for Indiana and Illinois. He died 
near Indianapolis, March 18, 1857. 

Browne, George H. — Was born 
in Gloucester, Khode Island, in 1818 ; 
was left an orphan at an early age, but 
managing to obtain a common school 
education by his own exertions,' gradu- 
ated at Brown University in 1840. He 
studied law, but soon entering into poli- 
tics, was elected to both the Charter and 
Suffrage Legislatures of his State in 
1842 ; was admitted- to the bar in 1844 ; 
was again elected to the Khode Island 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



57 



Legislature, and re-elected until 1852; 
during that year he was appointed by 
President Pierce United States Attor- 
ney for Khode Island ; was reappointed 
by President Buchanan, which otRce he 
held until elected a Kepresentative from 
Rhode Island to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving on the Committee of 
Elections. He was also a delegate to 
the Charleston and Baltimore Conven- 
tions, and to the Peace Congress of 1861. 

Broivne, tTolm. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1789 to 1793. 

JBrotvne, John.—Uti was born in 
1757, and died at Frankfort, Kentucky, 
August 28, 1837. He was a Senator in 
Congress, from 1792 to 1805, and during 
the first session of the Eighth Congress 
officiated as President pro tern, of the 
Senate. 

Bruce, JPhineas, — He was a gradu- 
ate of Yale College in 1786 ; was a mem- 
ber of the Massachusetts Legislature in 
1792, 1793, 1790, and 1800, and elected a 
Representative in Congress, fi-om Mas- 
sachusetts, from 1803 to 1805. 

Brush, Henry. — He was born in 
Dutchess County, New York, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1819 to 1821. 

Bruyn, Andreiv D. W. — Born 
in New York, and was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1837 to 183"8, and died at Ithaca, 
in July, 1838. 

Bryan, Guy 31. — Was born in 
Missouri, June 12, 1821 ; received a libe- 
ral education and studied law ; bore a 
part in the militarv campaign of Texas in 
1836 ; in 1846 he went to the Rio Grande, 
under General Taylor ; in 1847 was 
elected to the Texas Legislature, and 
served in the House and Senate seven 
years ; and was elected a Representative, 
from Texas, to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on 
Agriculture. 

Bryan, Henry H. — Born in Mar- 
tin County, North Carolina, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Ten- 
nessee, from 1819 to 1823, and was a 
member of the Committee on Private 
Land Claims. He died in Montgomery 
County, of that State, in May, 1835. 



Bryan, John H, — He was born in 
Newbern County, North Carolina, in 
1798; and graduated at the University 
of North Carolina in 1815. He was a 
lawyer by profession ; served a number 
of years in the State Legislature ; and 
was a member of Congress, from North 
Carolina, from 1825 to 1827. 

Bryan, Joseph. — He was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Georgia, from 1803 to 1806. 

Bryan, Joseph H. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from North 
Carolina, from 1815 to" 1819. 

Bryan, Nathan. — Born in Jones 
County, North Carolina, and in 1791 
represented that county in the House 
of Commons. He was a member of 
Congress, from 1795 to 1798, and died at 
Philadelphia, June 4, during the latter 
year. He was a prominent man among 
the Baptists, and a most exemplary 
Christian. 

Buchanan, Andreiv. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1885 to 1839. 

Buchanan, Jatnes. — Born in 
Franklin County, Pennsylvania, April 
23, 1791. After a regular course of 
classical education he studied and prac- 
tised law in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. 
In 1814 he was elected to the State 
Legislature of Pennsylvania, and re- 
elected the next year. In 1821 he en- 
tered Congress as a Representative from 
the Lancaster District, where he con- 
tinued until 1831, when he declined a 
re-election. In 1832 he was appointed 
Minister to Russia by President Jack- 
son, and on his return from that mis- 
sion in 1834, he was elected by the 
Pennsylvania Legislature to the Senate 
of the United States, to fill the unex- 
pired term of William Wilkins, who 
had resigned. He was re-elected in 
1837, and again in 1843. In 1845 he 
resigned his seat in the Senate, and be- 
came Secretary of State, and the head 
of the cabinet of President Polk. At 
the close of that eventful administra- 
tion, he retired to private life at his re- 
sidence of "Wheatland," near Lancas- 
ter ; but he was summoned again to the 
public service in 1853, when he accepted 
the appointment from President Pierce, 



58 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



of Minister of the United States to the 
Court of St. James. Having resigned 
this office, he returned home in 1856, 
and in the summer of that year received 
the Democratic nomination for Presi- 
dent of the United States. In the fol- 
lowing November he was elected to that 
position, and in March, 1857, he entered 
upon its duties. 

Bucher, John C. — He was for 

many years a Judge of the Circuit Court 
of Pennsylvania; a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1831 to 
1833 ; and died in Harrisburg, Pennsyl- 
vania, October 26, 1851. 

Buch, Daniel. — He was a lawyer 
by profession, and one of the earliest 
settlers in Vermont, and was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1795 to 1797, and died in 1817. 
He was the father of the Hon. Daniel 
A. A. Buck. 

JBuck, Daniel Azro A. — He was 

born in Vermont in 1789; graduated at 
Middlebury College in 1807, and also at 
the West Point Military Academy in 
1808, when he entered the army. He 
resigned his commission in 1811; was 
reappointed, as a Captain in the army, 
in 1813, but finally left the military pro- 
fession in 1815. He then established 
himself as a lawyer at Chelsea, Ver- 
mont, and was for fourteen years a 
member of the State Legislature, offi- 
ciating about half of that time as 
Speaker of the Lower House. He filled 
the office of State Attorney for Orange 
County for six years ; was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Vermont, from 
1823 to 1825, and again from 1827 to 
1829; and was subsequently connected 
with the Indian Bureau of the War 
Department in Washington, where he 
died December 24, 1841. 

BucTcaleiv, Charles B. — Was born 
in Bloomsburg, Columbia County, Pa., 
in 1821 ; adopted the profession of law ; 
served six years as a member of the 
Senate; was appointed by President 
Buchanan Minister to Ecuador; was 
Chairman of the Democratic Central 
Committee of Pennsylvania in 1857; 
and was appointed a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, in 1863, for 
the term ending in 1869, serving on the 
Committees on the Post-office and on 
Indian Affairs. 



Buckner, Alexander. — He emi- 
grated from Indiana to Missouri in 
1818 ; was a member of the Convention 
which formed the Constitution of that 
State ; served several years in the State 
Legislature ; and was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Missouri, from 1831 to 
1838, and died in May, 1833. His term 
would have expired in 1837. He was a 
member of the Committees on Pensions 
and on Engrossed Bills. 

Buchner, Aylett. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1847 
to 1849. 

BncJcner, Richard A. — Born in 
Fauquier County, Virginia, 1763; was 
a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
Kentucky, from 1823 to 1829, and died 
at his residence in Greensburg, Ken- 
tucky, December 8, 1847. 

Buel, Alexander H. — Born in 

Fairfield, Herkimer County, New York ; 
received a limited education ; was a pro- 
minent and successful merchant ; and a 
Kepresentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1850 until the time of his 
death, which occurred in Washington 
City, January 30, 1853. 

Buel, Alexander W. — Born in 
Rutland County, Vermont, in 1813; 
graduated at the Vermont University 
in 1831 ; taught school for several years 
in Vermont and New York, during 
which period he prepared himself for 
the practice of the law. In 1834 he 
took up his residence in Michigan ; in 
1836 was Attorney for the City of De- 
troit ; in 1837 was elected to the State 
Legislature ; in 1843 and 1844 was Pro- 
secuting Attorney for Wayne County ; 
in 1847 was again elected to the Legis- 
lature; and from 1849 to 1851 was a 
Kepresentative in Congress , from Michi- 
gan, and was a member of the Commit- 
tee on Foreign Afltairs. 

Buflington, tTosejyh. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania, and was a Ke- 
presentative, in Congress, from that 
State, from 1843 to 1847. 

Bufflnton, James. — Born in Fall 
Kiver, Massachusetts, March 16, 1817; 
educated at the Friends College, Provi- 
dence ; served for a time in a factory at 
Fall River ; studied medicine, and went 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



^9 



upon a whaling voyage ; afterwards be- 
came a merchant by occupation ; was 
Mayor of the City of Fall River during 
the years 1854 and 1855 ; and was elected 
a Representative from Massachusetts to 
the Thirty-fourth and.Thirty-fifth Con- 
gresses, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Military Atfairs. He 
was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Military Aifairs. Re- 
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on Accounts. 

Buffum, Joseph, Jr. — He was 

born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts ; gra- 
duated at Dartmouth College in 1806 ; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from New Hampshire, from 1819 to 
1821, and a member of the Committees 
on Expenditures in the Navy Depart- 
ment, and on Public Buildings. 

Btigg, Robert M. — He was born 
in Tennessee, and was a Representative 
"in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1853 
to 1855. 

Bull, John. — He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Missouri, from 
1833 to 1835. 

Sullard, Henry Adams. — Born 
in Groton, Massachusetts, September 9, 
1788 ; was educated at Harvard Uni- 
versity, and graduated in 1807. He 
was a lawyer by profession, but his 
knowledge of the modern languages 
brought him in contact with General 
Toledo, in Philadelphia, who was or- 
ganizing an expedition to revolutionize 
New Mexico. He joined him as his aid 
and military secretary, and spent the 
winter of 1812 with him at Nashville, 
and accompanied him into New Mexico 
in the spring. They were defeated in a 
pitched battle by the royal troops at San 
Antonio, and suft'ered severe hardships, 
but he managed to reach Natchitoches, 
and there remained and commenced the 
practice of his profession. In 1822 he 
was elected to a seat on the District 
Court Bench, and performed its duties 
for several years. In 1831 was chosen 
a Representative in Congress, and served 
till 1834; he was then elevated to the 
Supreme Bench of Louisiana, and filled 
the office until 1846, with the exception 
of a few months in 1839, when he acted 
as Secretary of State. He then removed 



to New Orleans. In 1847 was appointed 
Professor of the Civil Law in the Law 
School of Louisiana, and delivered two 
courses of lectures. In 1850 he was 
elected to the Legislature, and a few 
weeks after was chosen to fill a vacancy 
in Congress, occasioned by the resigna- 
tion of C. M. Conrad, and served again 
in the House of Representatives one 
year. On his return journey homeward 
he was prostrated by fatigue and expo- 
sure ; he lingered three weeks, and died 
in New Orleans, April 17, 1851. 

Bulloch, William B. — Born in 

Georgia in 1776 ; was a lawyer by pro- 
fession, being a prominent member of 
the bar as early as 1800. In 1809 he 
was Mayor of Savannah, and subse- 
quently Collector of that port. He was 
United States Senator in 1813 ; and in 
1816 was chosen President of the Bank 
of Georgia, of which he was one of the 
founders, and held the office twenty- 
seven years. He died in Savannah, 
Georgia, March 6, 1852. 

Bullock, Stephen. — Born in Mas- 
sachusetts ; was a member of the Con- 
vention which formed the Constitution 
of that State ; frequently served in the 
State Legislature ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1797 to 1799. He subsequently 
became Judge of the Common Pleas for 
Bristol County, and served in the State 
Senate and as a member of the Execu- 
tive Council of Massachusetts. He died 
in Massachusetts, aged eighty-one years. 

Bullock, Wingfield. — He was 

elected a Representative in Congress, 
from Kentucky, during the years 1820 
and 1821. Died October 13, 1821, be- 
fore taking his seat. 

Bunch, Samuel. — Was born in 
1786. He commanded a regiment in 
the Indian war, under General Andrew 
Jackson, and in the charge of the battle 
of the Horseshoe, was the first or se- 
cond man over the breastworks of the 
enemy. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from Tennessee, from 1833 to 
1837 ; and died in Granger County, 
Tennessee, September 5, 1849. 

Bunner^ Budolph. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1827 to 1829, and died at 



60 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Otsego, July 23, 1837, aged fifty-eight 
years. 

JBunt, Richard. — He was a native 
of Virginia, and a Senator in Congress, 
from that State, from 1809 to January 
2, 1815, when he died. 

Burch, Jolm Chilton. — Born in 
Boone County, Missouri, February 1, 
1826; received a liberal education and 
studied law; held the position of Mili- 
tary Secretary to the Governor of Mis- 
souri ; in 1850 he emigrated to Califor- 
nia, and turned his attention to min- 
ing ; in 1853 he was elected District At- 
torney for his county, and commenced 
the practice of law ; in 1856 was returned 
to the Assembly, and in 1857 to the 
State Senate, where he remained until 
1859, when he was elected a Eepresen- 
tative, from California, to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Agriculture. 

Burd, George. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1831 to 1835, and died at 
Bedford, Pennsylvania, January 13, 
1844, aged fifty years. 

Surges, Tristam. — Born in Ply- 
mouth County, Massachusetts, February 
26, 1770, and died in Ehode Island, 
October 13, 1853. He graduated at the 
Ehode Island College ; studied law and 
taught school at the same time ; com- 
menced the practice of his profession in 
Providence, and acquired great influ- 
ence and distinction as an advocate ; in 
1811 was elected Chief Justice of Ehode 
Island ; occupied the Chair of Oratory 
in Brown University ; and was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from 1825 to 
1835. He acquired great reputation by 
a parliamentary contest with John Ean- 
dolph, and left behind him many inte- 
resting pamphlets on political and lite- 
rary subjects. His characteristics as a 
debater, were withering sarcasm, com- 
bined with fervid eloquence and rare 
reasoning power. 

Surgess, Detupsp. — He was a 

member of the Provincial Congress of 
North Carolina ; a Lieutenant-colonel of 
the militia ; and a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from 1795 to 1798. 

Surhe, Edanus. — He was born in 
Galway, Ireland, and came to America 



at the beginning of the Eevolution. In 
1778 he was appointed a Judge of the 
Supreme Court of South Carolina, and 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
1789 to 1791. He was an earnest Ee- 
publican, and died at Charleston, March 
30, 1802, aged fifty-nine years. 

IBurke^ Edmund. — Born in West- 
minster, V ermont, January 23, 1809 ; 
was educated by private tutors ; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1829 ; and removed to New Hampshire 
in 1833, where he established, in Sulli- 
van County, the New Hampshire Argus, 
which he edited a number of years. He 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
New Hampshire, from 1839 to 1845, and 
was Chairman of the Committee on the 
Library, and a member of the Commit- 
tees on Commerce and Claims ; and, by 
President Polk, was appointed Com- 
missioner of Patents in Washington. 

Burleigh, William. — He was 

born in Eockingham, New Hampshire, 
bred a lawyer, and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from South Berwick, 
York County, Maine, for two terms, 
from 1823 to 1827, and was a member 
of the Committee on Expenditures in 
the State Department. Died in July, 
1827. 

Btirlinganie, Anson. — Born in 

New Berlin, Chenango County, New 
York, November 14, 1822. His youth 
was spent on the Western frontiers, at 
one time acting with surveying parties 
and at another participating in the mak- 
ing of Indian treaties, far beyond the 
confines of civilization. He laid the 
foundation of his education at the 
Branch University of Michigan, but 
removing to Massachusetts, he entered 
Harvard University, where he received 
a degree in 1846. He studied law and 
practised in Boston. In 1852 he was 
elected to the State Senate, and in 1853 
was a member of the Convention for 
revising the Constitution of Massachu- 
setts. He was elected a Eepresentative 
in the Thirty-fourth Congress ; was re- 
elected to the Thirty-fifth, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Foreign 
Aifairs. He was also re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the 
same committee. In 1861 he was ap- 
pointed by President Lincoln Minister 
to Austria, and subsequently to China. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



61 



Surnell, SarJcer. — He was a na- 
tive of Nantucket. When only twenty- 
two years of age he was chosen a mem- 
ber of the House of Representatives in 
his native Commonwealth. A few years 
later, he passed into the Senatorial body, 
where, in spite of his youth, he became 
a leading member. He sat also in the 
Convention which framed the present 
Constitution of Massachusetts ; took an 
active part in the Harrisburg Conven- 
tion of 1840, and served as a Represen- 
tative in Congres.?, from 1841 to 1843. 
He died in Washington, District of Co- 
lumbia, June 4, 1843, aged forty-five 
years. 

Surnett, Jdcoh. — Was born in 
Newark, New Jersey, on the 22d of 
February, 1770. He was a graduate of 
Princeton College in 1791 ; was ad- 
mitted to the bar by the Supreme Court 
of New Jersey in 1796, and removed 
to Cincinnati immediately thereafter, 
where he continued to reside until his 
death. During the first twenty years 
of that residence, he devoted himself to 
the practice of his profession, and was 
ranked among the most distinguished 
members of the bar. When the second 
grade of the Territorial government was 
established, in 1799, he was appointed, 
by President Adams, a member of the 
Legislative Council, which appointment 
he held till the establishment of the 
State government of Ohio, in the win- 
ter of 1802-3. He was a member of the 
State Legislature during the war of 
1812, and took an active part in .sus- 
taining the measures proposed in that 
body, to aid the General Government in 
maintaining the contest. In 1821 he 
was appointed one of the Judges of the 
Supreme Court of Ohio, which commis- 
sion he resigned in December, 1828, 
and was immediately after elected to 
the Senate of the United States, to fill 
the vacancy occasione'd by the resigna- 
tion of his friend General Harrison, 
serving until 1831. In the same year 
he was chosen, by the Legislature of 
the State of Kentucky, one of the com- 
missioners to settle the matters in con- 
troversy between that State and the 
Commonwealth of Virginia, in regard 
to the complaints of the latter against 
the statute of limitation. He was the 
first President of the Astronomical So- 
ciety of Cincinnati, and still continued, 
in 1852, an active member of that insti- 
tution. He was, for many years, the 



President of the Colonization Society of 
Hamilton County, President of the 
Board of Trustees of the Medical Col- 
lege of Ohio, and President of the Board 
of Trustees of the Cincinnati College, 
and, upon the nomination by Lafay- 
ette, had been elected a member of the 
French Academy. In 1847 he pub- 
lished a volume entitled " Notes on the 
Early Settlement of the Northwestern 
Territory," which is considered as con- 
taining much interesting information, 
especially as to Ohio, the progress of 
which he witnessed from a Territory. 
He died at Cincinnati in 1853. 

Hurnett, Henry C — Born in Es- 
sex County, Virginia, October 5, 1825 ; 
studied law as a profession, and prac- 
tised in Kentucky; was Clerk of the 
Circuit Court of Trigg County, in that 
State, from 1851 to 1853, and a Repre- 
sentative in the Thirty-fourth and Thir- 
ty-fifth Congresses. He was Chairman, 
during the first session of the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, of the Committee of In- 
quiry in regard to the sale of Fort 
Snelling, and a member of the Com- 
mittee on the District of Columbia. Re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
and also to the Thirty-seventh, but was 
expelled for treasonable conduct, in De- 
cember, 1861. 

Bumhatn, Alfred A. — Born in 
Windham, Windham County, Connec- 
ticut, March 8, 1819 ; prepared himself 
for college, at the Suflfield Literary In- 
stitution; taught school for a while, and 
spent one year at Washington College, 
which he left for want of means ; stu- 
died law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1843 ; was elected to the Connecticut 
Legislature in 1844 and 1845 ; was Clerk 
of the State Senate in 1846 ; and was sub- 
sequently appointed Judge of Probate 
for the District of Danbury. In 1850 he 
was again elected to the State Legisla- 
ture; in 1857 Lieutenant-Governor of 
Connecticut ; in 1858 again elected to 
the Legislature and made Speaker ; and 
in 1859 was elected a Representative, 
from Connecticut, to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Patents. Re-elected to 
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Foreign Aifairs. 

Sums, Joseph, — Born in Waynes- 
borough, Augusta County, Virginia, 



62 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



March 11, 1800; was educated at the 
Ohio Union Schools ; was by trade a 
hatter and then a farmer ; has filled va- 
rious County and State offices ; and was 
elected, from the State of Ohio, a Ee- 
presentative in the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress. He was a member of the Commit- 
tees on Expenditures in the Post-office 
Department and on Invalid Pensions. 

Burns, Mohert. — He was born in 
New Hampshire ; served three years in 
the State Legislature as Senator and 
Eepresentative, and was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from New Hampshire, 
from 1833 to 1837. 

' Biirnside, Thomas. — Was an As- 
sociate Judge of the Supreme Court of 
Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1815 
to 1819. He died at G-ermantown, Penn- 
sylvania, March 25, 1827. 

Burr, Aaron. — He was born in 
Newark, New Jersey, February 6, 1756. 
He graduated at Princeton College in 
1772, at the age of sixteen; in 1775, in 
his twentieth year, he joined the Ameri- 
can army under Washington, at Cam- 
bridge ; accompanied G-eneral Arnold as 
a private soldier in his expedition 
against Quebec ; after his arrival there, 
he acted as an aide-de-camp to General 
Montgomery ; and on his return, in 
1776, General Washington invited him to 
join his family at headquarters. Some 
circumstances soon took place, by which 
he forever lost the confidence of Wash- 
ington ; and the hostility of the former 
to the latter, from that time, was un- 
disguised and unmitigated. In 1777, 
he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel, 
and distinguished himself, as an able and 
brave officer ; but in March, 1779, he 
was, on account of the state of his health, 
compelled to resign his office, and retire 
from military life. He then devoted 
himself to the study of law ; commenced 
practice at Albany, in 1782, but soon 
removed to the city of New York ; he 
became distinguished in his profession ; 
was appointed Attorney-General of New 
York in 1789 ; from 1791 to 1797 he 
was a member of the United States 
Senate, and bore a conspicuous part as 
a leader of the Democratic or Eepubli- 
can party. At the election of President 
of the United States for the fourth 
Presidential term, Thomas Jeiferson 
and Aaron Burr had each seventy-three 



votes, and the choice was decided by 
Congress, on the thirty-sixth ballot, in 
favor of Jefferson for President, and 
Burr for Vice-President. On the 12th 
of July, 1804, Colonel Burr gave Alex- 
ander Hamilton, long his professional 
rival and political opponent, a mortal 
wound in a duel. He soon after con- 
ceived the project of his enterprise in 
the Western country of the United 
States ; for which he was at length ap- 
prehended and brought to Eichmond, 
in August, 1807, on a charge of treason ; 
and after a long trial, was acquitted. 
He afterwards returned to the city of 
New York, practised law to some ex- 
tent, but passed the remainder of his 
life in comparative obscurity and neg- 
lect. He was of small stature, yet he 
had a lofty mien, a military air, a re- 
markably brilliant eye, and a striking 
appearance. He possessed distinguished 
talents and many accomplishments. 
He died on Staten Island, New York, 
September 14, 1836. 

Biirrill, flames. — He was born in 
Providence, Ehode Island, April 25, 
1772 ; graduated at Brown University, 
in 1788 ; studied law, devoted himself 
to its practice, and was Attorney-Gene- 
ral of the State of Ehode Island, from 
1797 to 1813 ; was a member and Speaker 
of the Assembly in 1814 ; and was Chief 
Justice of the State in 1816. He was 
elected to the United States Senate in 
1816, and served as a member of the 
Committees on the Judiciary, on Com- 
merce, on Manufactures, and on Ac- 
counts. He died at Washington, before 
the expiration of his term, December 
25, 1820. He was considered an able 
scholar and a wise judge. 

Burroughs, Silas M. — He was 

born in New York ; served four years 
in the Legislature of that State, and 
was elected a Eepresentative to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from New York, 
and was a member of the Committee on 
Indian Affairs. He was re-elected to 
the Thirty-sixth Congress, and died at 
Medina, New York, June 3, 1860. 

Biirroivs, Daniel. — He was born 
in Groton, Connecticut, and was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Connec- 
ticut, from 1821 to 1823. 

Burrows, Lorenzo. — He was born 
in Connecticut, and was a Eepresenta- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



63 



tive in Cono-ress, from New York, from 
1849 to 1853. 

Burt, Arniistead. — He was born 
in South Carolina, received a liberal 
education, adopted the profession of law, 
and was a Representative in Cono;ress, 
from South Carolina, from 1843 tol853. 
During a part of the Thirtieth Congress 
he officiated as Speaker of the House of 
Eepresentatives. 

Burton, Hutchins G. — He was 

born in Granville County, North Caro- 
lina ; studied law ; in 1810 represented 
Mecklenburg in the State Legislature, 
and, in 1816, the County of Halifax ; 
was for several years Attorney-General 
of the State. He served as a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1819 to 1824, 
and was a member of the Committee on 
the Judiciary and Military Affairs ; he 
was then elected Governor of North 
Carolina. He died in Iredell County, 
April 21, 1836. 

Biirtvell, Williain B. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1806 to 1821. Died Feb- 
ruary 16, 1821, in Washington City, 
before the expiration of his term. 

Busby, George JET. — He was born 
in Darstown, Northumberland County, 
Pennsylvania, July 10, 1794. In 1810 
he removed with his father to Ohio, 
where he acquired a knowledge of the 
cabinet-making business and devoted 
himself to farming. In 1824 he was 
appointed Clerk of the Court of Com- 
mon Pleas and of the Supreme Court, 
and subsequently a Recorder of Deeds 
in the County of Marion ; and he was a 
Representative in Congress, from 1851 
to 1853, from Ohio. 

Butler^ Andretv Pickens. — He 

was bocn in Edgefield District, South 
Carolina, November 19, 1796. He gra- 
duated at South Carolina College in 
1817, studied law and came to the bar 
in 1818, became a member of the Legis- 
lature when quite a young man, and 
was appointed, in 1835, one of the 
Judges of the General Sessions of Com- 
mon Pleas, which office he held until 
1847, when he was appointed by the 
executive to fill the vacancy in the 
United States Senate, caused by the 
death of Mr. McDuffie. He was subse- 
quently elected and re-elected to the 



same position, and was in this office at 
the time of his death, which occurred 
at his home, May 25, 1857. He was a 
statesman ol^ distinguished ability and 
much influence, possessed an uncommon 
degree of both mental and physical 
ability, and in every particular was a 
high-toned gentleman. He was popu- 
lar in the Senate, and left behind him 
many deeply attached friends. 

Butler, CJiester. — Born in Wilkes- 
barre, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, 
in March, 1798 ; graduated at Princeton 
College in 1817 ; read law at the Litch- 
field School, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1820. He was a Representative 
in Congress, from Pennsylvania, froin 
1845 to 1850, and was a member of the 
Committee on Revolutionary Claims. 
He died in Philadelphia October 5, 1850. 

Butler^ Ezra. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Vermont, 
from 1813 to 1815, and Governor of that 
State during the years 1826 and 1827. 
He died at Waterbury, Vermont, July 
19, 1838. 

Butler, tTosiaJl. — Born in Rock- 
ingham County, New Hampshire, in 
1780, and died 'at Deerfield, October 29, 
1854. He graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1803 ; studied law in Virginia, 
and practised it in his native State. He 
was repeatedly elected to the State 
Legislature ; was a county Sheriff, and 
a Clerk of the. courts. He was elected a 
Representative in Congress, in 1817, and 
served in that capacity until 1823, offi- 
ciating as Chairman of the Committee 
on Agriculture during the Seventeenth 
Congress. He was then appointed Judge 
of the Superior Court of New Hamp- 
shire, which he held until the office was 
abolished. 

Butler, Bierce. — He came of the 
family of the Dukes of Ormond, in Ire- 
land. Before the Revolution he was a 
Major in a British regiment in Boston, 
but afterwards attached himself to the 
republican institutions of America. In 
1787 he was a Delegate, from South 
Carolina, to the old Congress; in 1788, 
a member of the Convention which 
framed the Constitution of- the United 
States, and, under it, was one of the 
first Senators from South Carolina, and 
remained in Congress till 1796. On the 
death of J. E. Calhoun, in 1802, he be- 



64 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



came again a Senator, but resigned in 
1804. He was opposed to some of the 
measures of Washington's administra- 
tion, but approved of the war of 1812. 
He died at Philadelphia, February 15, 
1822, aged seventy-seven. 

Butler, Samson H. — He was born 
in South Carolina, and was a [Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1840 to 1843. 

Butler, Thomas.— Re was born 
in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Loui- 
siana, from 1818 to 1821. Died August 
14, 1847. 

Butler, Thomas B. — He was born 
in Wethersfield, Connecticut, in 1807 ; 
was educated a lawyer ; served in the 
Connecticut Legislature ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Connec- 
ticut, from 1849 to 1851. 

Butler, William. — He was the fa- 
ther of the late Senator, A. P. Butler, 
and graduated at the College of South 
Carolina, as a student of medicine 
served as an officer and surgeon both in 
the army and navy of the United States 
and was a Representative in Congress 
from South Carolina, from 1801 to 1811 
He died December 8, 1821. 

Butler, William. — He was a na- 
tive of South Carolina ; graduated at 
the South Carolina College in 1810 ; 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
South Carolina, from 1841 to 1843. He 
was the brother of the late Senator, A. 
P. Butler, and his wife was the sister of 
the late Commodore O. H. Perry. 

Butler, William O. — He was born 
in Jessamine County, Kentucky, in 
1793, and came of a family honorably 
identified with the Revolution. He was 
liberally educated, and when the war of 
1812 broke out, he enlisted as a soldier ; 
was an ensign under General Winches- 
ter, at the battle of the River Raisin ; 
and under G-eneral Jackson, in the 
South, he attained the rank of Captain, 
and was made a Colonel in 1817. After 
spending many years in retirement, he 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, in 1889, and re- 
elected in 1841 ; and during the war 
with Mexico he obtained such distinc- 
tion, that he was promoted to the posi- 



tion of Major-General in the regular 
army ; a sword was voted to him by 
Congress, March 2, 1847 ; and when 
General Scott was recalled from the 
City of Mexico, General Butler was left 
chief in command, and announced the 
ratification of the treaty of peace, May 
29, 1848. In 1848 he was the Demo- 
cratic candidate for Vice-President, on 
the ticket with Lewis Cass for Presi- 
dent. He was appointed, by President 
Pierce, Governor of Nebraska Territory, 
but declined the appointment. He is 
the author of many fugitive pieces of 
poetrj', several of which possess uncom- 
mon merit, and one, entitled " The Boat 
Horn," has attained great popularity. 
In 1861 he was a member of the Peace 
Congress held in Washington. 

Butman, Samuel. — He was a 
member of the Maine Legislature in 
1822, 1826, and 1827, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Penobscot County, 
Maine, from 1827 to 1881, and was a 
member of the Committee on Internal 
Improvements. In 1846 he was a County 
Commissioner, and in 1853 was re-elected 
to the Legislature, and made President 
of the Senate. 

Butterfield, Martin, — He was 
elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on Agriculture. 

Bynam, Jesse A. — Born in Hali- 
fax County, North Carolina. He was 
educated at Union College, New York ; 
served a number of years in the State 
Legislature ; and was a naember of Con- 
gress, from 1833 to 1841. While in 
Congress he fought a duel with Daniel 
Jenifer, which terminated harmlessly ; 
and at the close of his last term he re- 
moved to Louisiana. 

Cabell, Edivard €. — Bornin Rich- 
mond, Virginia, in 1817; graduated at 
the University of Virginia ; and in 1837 
removed to the Territory of Florida, 
where he settled as a cotton planter. 
He represented the State of Florida in 
Congress, from 1847 to 1853. 

Cabell, Samuel J. — In the begin- 
ning of the war of the Revolution he 
was at William and Mary College, and 
left there to join the first armed corps 
raised in Virginia, and soon attained 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



65 



the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in the 
Continental Army, serving with honor 
in all the campaigns, till the fall of 
Charleston, May 12, 1780, when he be- 
came a prisoner, and tke close of the 
war restored him to liberty. For many 
years he was a member of the Virginia 
Assembly, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1795 to 1803. He died in 
Nelson County, Virginia, September 4, 
1818, aged sixty-one years. 

Cable, Joseph. — He was born in 
Ohio, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1849 to 
1853. 

Cabot, George. — Born in Salem, 
Massachusetts, and employed the early 
part of his life in foreign commerce. 
Before he was twenty-six years old, he 
was elected a member of the Provincial 
Congress, from Massachusetts, where he 
advocated those principles of political 
economy for which he was afterwards 
distinguished ; he was a member of the 
Convention which formed the Constitu- 
tion of that State, and also of that which 
ratified the Constitution of the United 
States, to promote which he made the 
most strenuous exertions. From 1791 
to 1796 he served in the United States 
Senate, and was one of the most distin- 
guished members of that body ; a confi- 
dential friend of Washington and Ham- 
ilton, to the latter of whom he rendered 
most important assistance in forming 
his financial system. In 1808 he was a 
member of the Council of Massachu- 
setts, and in 1814 a delegate to the Hart- 
ford Convention, and was made Presi- 
dent of that body. He, after that period, 
retired from public life, and died at 
Boston, April 18, 1823, aged seventy- 
two. 

Cadivalader, John. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania, and was a Re- 
presentative, from that State, to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress. 

Cadivallader, Lambert. — He was 

born in Trenton, In ew Jersey. He com- 
manded a regiment early in the Revolu- 
tion, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1789 to 
1791, and again from 1793 to 1795. He 
died in Trenton, September 12, 1823, 
aged eighty-two years. 

Cady, Daniel. — He was born in 



Chatham, Columbia County, New York, 
April 29, 1773 ; was bred a shoemaker ; 
studied law, admitted to the bar in 
1795, and practised with success ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1815 to 1817, having 
previously served five years in the State 
Legislatvire. In 1846 he was elected a 
Judge of the Supreme Court of New 
York, which he resigned in 1856 ; and 
he was a Presidential Elector in 1856, 
when he presided over the College. In 
April, 1859, without a moment's warn- 
ing, he became totally blind. Died in 
Johnstown, New York, October 31, 
1859. 

Cady, John W. — He was a mem- 
ber of the New York Assembly in 1822, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1823 to 1825. 

Cage, Sarry. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Mississippi, 
from 1833 to 1835. 

Cahoon, WilUain. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Vermont, 
from 1829 to 1833. From 1815 to 1820 
he was also a State Councillor ; County 
Judge for nine years ; Lieutenant-Go- 
vernor of Vermont in 1820 and 1821 ; 
and for seven years a member of the 
State Legislature. 

Caldwell, George A. — He was 

born in Kentucky, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1849 
to 1851. 

Caldwell, Greene W. — Born in 
Gaston County, North Carolina, April 
13, 1811. He studied medicine, and 
practised with success, but subsequently 
devoted himself to the law. He served 
a number of years in the State Legisla- 
ture, and was a member of Congress, 
from 1841 to 1843. He was subsequently 
appointed Superintendent of the United 
States Mint, at Charlotte, which posi- 
tion he resigned. He participated in the 
war with Mexico as volunteer Captain 
of a company of dragoons. 

Caldwell, James. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1813 to 1817. 

Caldwell, Joseph P. — Born in 
Iredell County, North Carolina, in 1808. 



66 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



He was educated at Bethany Academy ; 
studied law ; and entered public life in 
1838, as a member of tbe State Legisla- 
ture, where he served a number of years, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1849 to 1853. 

Caldwell, PatricTc C. — He was a 

native of South Carolina, and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1841 to 1843, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Manufactures. 

Calhoun, JTohn. — He was born in 
Kentucky, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1835 
to 1839. 

Calhoun, John C— Sorn in Ab- 
beville District, S. C, March 18, 1782. 
He was of an Irish family. His father, 
Patrick Calhoun, was born in Ireland, 
and at an early age came to Pennsylva- 
nia, thence went to the western part of 
Virginia, and after Braddock's defeat, 
moved to South Carolina in 1756. At 
the age of thirteen, he was put under 
the charge of his brother-in-law, Dr. 
Waddel, in Columbia County, Georgia. 
He entered Yale College in 1802, and 
graduated with distinction ; studied law 
at Litchfield, Connecticut ; and in 1807 
was admitted to the bar of South Caro- 
lina. The next year he entered the 
Legislature of that State, where he 
served for two sessions with ability and 
distinction, and in 1811 was elected to 
Congress, where he continued until 1817, 
when he became Secretary of War un- 
der President Monroe, and conducted 
• the affairs of that department with en- 
ergy and ability for seven years. In 
1825 he was elected Vice-President, and 
in 1831, upon General Hayne's leaving 
the Senate to become Governor of South 
Carolina, Mr. Calhoun resigned the 
Vice-Presidency, and was elected a 
member of the United States Senate by 
the Legislature of South Carolina. Af- 
ter the expiration of his senatorial term, 
he went voluntarily into retirement. 
Upon the death of Mr. Upshur, in 1843, 
he assumed the conduct of the State De- 
partment, which he held until the close 
of President Tyler's administration. In 
1845 he was again elected Senator, which 
office he held until his decease. Prom 
1811, when he entered Congress, until 
his death, he was rarely absent from 
Washington, and during the most of 
that period he was in the public service 



of his State and country. He entered 
Congress at a time of unusual excite- 
ment, preceding the declaration of war 
of 1812, and had great influence in favor 
of that measura. In the difficulties and 
embarrassments upon the termination 
of war, and the transition to a peace 
establishment, he took a responsible 
part. As a presiding officer of the Se- 
nate he was punctual, methodical, and 
accurate, and had a high regard for the 
dignity of the body, which he endea- 
vored to preserve and maintain. His 
connection with nullification, his views 
of the tariff, his opinions in regard to 
slavery, and the many and exciting 
questions arising from it, are well 
known. He shaped the course and 
moulded the opinions of the people of 
his own State, and of some other South- 
ern States, upon all these subjects. 
Amid all the strifes of party politics, 
there always existed between him and 
his political opponents a great degree 
of pei-sonal kindness. He died in Wash- 
ington City, March 81, 1850, leaving 
behind him the reputation of one of the 
greatest and the purest of American 
statesmen. His collected writings and 
speeches have been published in several 
octavo volumes, edited by his son, and 
accompanied with a biography. 

Calhoun, John E. — Born in 1749, 
and graduated at Princeton College in 
1774. He afterwards studied law, in 
which profession he became distin- 
guished. After being for many years 
in the State Legislature of South Caro- 
lina, he was a Senator in Congress from 
1801 to 1802. He was a decided repub- 
lican, and supporter of Mr. Jefferson. 
He was one of the committee who were 
instructed to report a modification of 
the judiciary system of the United 
States. He died in Pendleton District, 
November 3, 1802. 

Calhoun, Joseph. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1807 to 1811. . 

Calhoun, William JB. — He was 

born in Boston, Massachusetts, Decem- 
ber 29, 1796 ; graduated at Yale College 
in 1814 ; bred to the law ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from his 
native State, from 1835 to 1843. He 
was also a member of the State Legisla- 
ture from 1825 to 1835, and Speaker for 
two years ; President of the State Se- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



67 



nate in 1846 and 1847 ; Secretary of 
State from 1848 to 1851 ; Bank Com- 
missioner from 1853 to 1855; Presiden- 
tial Elector in 1844 ; and Mayor of 
Springfield in 1859. 

Call, Jacoh. — He was a Kepresent- 
ative in Congress, from Indiana, from 
1824 to 1825. 

Call, Richard K. — He was born 
in Kentucky ; and having taken an in- 
terest in military aft'airs, became aide- 
de-camp to General Jackson in 1818, 
and was promoted to a Captain soon 
afterwards, and subsequently was ap- 
pointed Brigadier-General of the Florida 
militia. He was a member of the Legis- 
lative Council of Florida in 1822 ; a 
Delegate to Congress from 1823 to 1825 ; 
Receiver of Public Money for the Land- 
office ; and he held the position of 
Governor of Florida from 1836 to 1844. 

Calvert, Charles B. — He was born 
in Prince George County, Maryland, 
August 24, 1808 ; received his earliest 
education in Philadelphia, but gradu- 
ated at the University of Virginia in 
1827. His whole life has been devoted, 
on a large scale, to the pursuits of 
agriculture. He was for many years 
President of the Maryland Agricultural 
Society ; also of the Prince George 
County Society ; and Vice-President of 
the United States Agricultural Society. 
He has devoted special attention to the 
raising of superior breeds of cattle, every 
variety of which he has tried on his ex- 
tensive farms. He was elected to the 
Legislature of Maryland in 1839, 1843, 
and 1844 ; and was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Maryland, to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on the District of Columbia and 
on Agriculture. Died at Riverside, 
Maryland, May 14, 1864. 

Calvin, Saimtel. — Born in "Wash- 
ingtonville, Columbia County, Penn- 
sylvania, July 30, 1811. At the age of 
sixteen, after the death of his father, he 
was thrown upon his own resources, and 
became a school teacher, with the view 
of supporting his father's family, and 
obtaining the means for a classical edu- 
cation ; he accomplished this object; 
subsequently studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1836, and practised 
in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. In 
1848 he was elected a member of the 



Thirty-first Congress, and in 1850 de- 
clined a re-election. 

Camhreling, Churchill C. — He 

was born in Washington, North Caro- 
lina, in 1786, and received an academi- 
cal education atNewbern, in that State. 
He had a special fondness for field 
sports, but did not let them interfere 
with his duties as a clerk in a Carolina 
store, where he was engaged for two 
years. He removed to New York City 
in 1802, which has since that time been 
his home, excepting the year 1806, when 
he was a counting-house clerk in Provi- 
dence, Rhode Island. He engaged at 
an early day in mercantile pursuits with 
John Jacob Astor, and travelled exten- 
sively over the world. He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1821 to 1839, and officiated 
as Chairman of the Committees of Com- 
merce, Ways and Means, and of Fo- 
reign Afl'airs. His reports and political 
pamphlets were at one time very nume- 
rous, one of the former, on Commerce 
and Navigation, having gone through 
several editions and been republished in 
London. While travelling in Europe 
in 1839, he received the appointment of 
Minister to Russia, and on his return to 
the United States he retired to private 
life. Died at West Neck, Long Island, 
April 30, 1862. 

Cameron, Simon. — He was born 
in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in 
1799, and was left an orphan when only 
nine years of age. He educated him- 
self, while pursuing the employment of 
a printer in newspaper offices at Harris- 
burg and in Washington City, and 
when twenty-two years of age edited 
and published a Democratic journal at 
the former city, having previously had 
charge of a paper, the Pennsylvania 
Intelligencer, at Doylestown, Pennsyl- 
vania.' In 1832 he established the Mid- 
dletown Bank of Pennsylvania, and 
devoted much of his attention to the 
railroad interests of his native State, 
and before entering Congress he was 
the Cashier of a bank, President of two 
railroad companies, and Adjutant-Ge- 
neral of Pennsylvania. He was first 
elected a Senator in Congress in 1845, 
where he served until 1849, and he was 
re-elected to the same position in 1857, 
for the term ending in 1863. He was 
spoken of in 1860 as one of the candi- 
dates for the Presidency, and in 1861 



68 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



became Secretary of War under Presi- 
dent Lincoln. He resigned that posi- 
tion, and was appointed Minister to 
Eussia in 1861. He was also a Delegate 
to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. 

CanipbelL Alexander. — He was 

a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1809 to 1813. 

Campbell, BrooMns. — He was 

born in Washington County, Tennes- 
see, in 1808 ; was for many years a 
member of the State Legislature, and 
in 1845 was unanimously elected Speak- 
er ; he was an oificer in the Quartermas- 
ter's Department in the war with Mex- 
ico, and a member of Congress, from 
1852 to the time of his death, which oc- 
curred in Washington, District of Co- 
lumbia, December 24, 1853. 

Campbell, George W. — He was 

born in Tennessee in 1768 ; received a 
good education ; was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1803 
to 1809, serving during the last two 
years of his term as Chairman of the 
Committee of Ways and Means ; was 
Judge of the United States District 
Court ; was elected Senator of the Uni- 
ted States in 1811, but resigned on be- 
ing appointed Secretary of the Treasury 
in 1814. He resumed his seat in the 
Senate the following year, and served 
till 1818, when he was appointed Minis- 
ter to Eussia, where he remained until 
1821. He died at Nashville, Tennessee, 
February 17, 1848. 

Campbell, James H. — He was 

born in Williamsport, Lycoming Coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania, February 8, 1820; 
graduated at the Carlisle Law School ; 
was admitted to the bar in 1841 ; was a 
member in 1844 of the Whig Baltimore 
Convention ; and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1855 to 1857, and again from 1859 to 
1861, serving on the Committee on Elec- 
tions. Ee-elected to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on the Pacific Eailroad. In 
1864 he was appointed by President 
Lincoln Minister Eesident to Sweden. 

Campbell, John. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1801 to 1811 ; also Judge of 
the Orphans' Court in Charles County, 



where he died June 23, 1828, aged sixty- 
three years. 

Campbell, John. — He was born in 
South Carolina; graduated at the South 
Carolina College in 1819 ; and was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1829 to 1831, and again from 
1837 to 1845. Died at his residence in 
Marlborough District, South Carolina, 
May 19, 1845. 

Campbell, John. — ^He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1837 to 1843. 

Campbell, John H. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1845 to 1847. 

Campbell, John P. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and was a Eepresentative, 
from that State, to the Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

Campbell, John W. — He was 

born in Augusta County, Virginia, and 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1817 to 1827. Died Septem- 
ber 24, 1833. 

Campbell, Leivis D. — Born in 

Franklin, Warren County, Ohio, Au- 
gust 9, 1811. He received a limited 
education ; was attached at an early 
day to the Cincinnati Gazette, as printer 
and assistant editor ; subsequently had 
the entire control of another political 
paper ; and having studied law was ad- 
mitted to practice. He was elected a 
member of Congress, from Ohio, in 
1848, and has been re-elected to each 
successive Congress, down to the Thirty- 
fifth, when his seat was contested, and 
the House of Eepresentatives decided 
against his claim. During the Thirty- 
third Congress he was Chairman of the 
Committee of Ways and Means. 

Campbell, Robert S. — He was 

born in South Carolina ; graduated at 
the South Carolina College in 1809 ; 
and was a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1835 
to 1837. He was subsequently appoint- 
ed, by President Fillmore, American 
Consul at Havana, Cuba. 

Campbell, Samuel.— He was born 
in Mansfield, Connecticut, and was a 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



69 



Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1821 to 1823, having previ- 
ously served five yeai's in the Assembly 
of that State. 

Cantphell, Thomas F. — He was 

a native of South Carolina, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1834 to 1835. 

Camiihell, Thomas J. — He was 

a native of Tennessee, and a member of 
Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 
1848, and twice Clerk of the House of 
Representatives. During the years 
1813 and 1814 he was an Assistant In- 
spector-General of militia. He died in 
Washington, District of Columbia, 
April 13, 1850. 

Campbell, Thompson. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Illinois, 
from 1851 to 1853. 

Campbell, William B. — Was 

born in Tennessee, and when a young 
man served in Florida as Captain in the 
mounted volunteers. He was a mem- 
ber of the State Legislature ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1837 to 
1843 ; went to Mexico as Colonel com- 
manding the First Regiment Tennessee 
Volunteers, distinguishing himself at 
Cerro Gordo and at Monterey ; was 
unanimously elected Circuit Court 
Judge ; aftd was Governor of Tennes- 
see from 1851 to 1853. 

Ca/m^ibell, William W. — Born in 
Cherry Valley, New York, June 10, 
1806; graduated at Union College in 
1827, and studied law with Judge Kent, 
of New York, and in 1831 he com- 
menced the practice of his profession in 
that city, having previously written and 
published a history of the Border War 
of New York. He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1845 to 1847, and 
then spent a year in Europe. On his 
return, he was appointed a Justice of 
the Superior Court of New York City, 
and served seven years, and was subse- 
quently elected a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of the State, which position he 
now holds. 

Canby, Richard S. — He was born 
in Ohio, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 
1849. 



Cannon, Newton. — He was born 
in Guilford County, North Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1814 to 1817, and 
again from 1819 to 1823, and was also 
appointed by President Monroe, in 
1819, one of two Commissioners to treat 
with the Chickasaws. He was also Go- 
vernor of Tennessee from 1835 to 1839. 
Died September 29, 1842. 

Caperton, Hugh, — He was born 
in Virginia in 1780; was a farmer by 
occupation ; a member, for many years, 
of the State Legislature ; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from the Green- 
brier region of Virginia, from 1813 to 
1815. He died in Monroe County, Vir- 
ginia, February 9, 1847. 

Carey, George. — He was a native 
of Charles County, Maryland, but re- 
moved to Georgia, and died in Upson 
County in 1844. He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Georgia, from 
1823 to 1827. 

Carey, John. — Born in Mononga- 
hela County, Virginia, April 5, 1792 ; 
removed with his parents to the North- 
west Territory, in 1798; from that pe- 
riod until 1812 he labored with his 
father in the tanning business ; in 1814 
he assisted in building the first stone 
house in Columbus ; after which he de- 
voted himself to the various employ- 
ments of carpentering, milling in its 
various branches, and farming ; in 1825 
he was elected an Associate Judge, 
which office he held for seven years ; 
he was elected to the Ohio Legislature 
in 1828, 1836, and 1848 ; and was elected 
a Representative, from Ohio, to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Agriculture. 

Carlile, John S. — Born in Win- 
chester, Frederick County, Virginia, 
December 16, 1817. He was educated 
by his mother until fourteen years of 
age, and then went into a country store 
as salesman and clerk, and at the age of 
seventeen commenced business for him- 
self. At the same time he read law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1840, and 
settled in Beverly, Randolph County, 
in 1842, to practise. He was elected to 
the State Senate in 1847, and served till 
1851. In 1850 he was a member of the 
Constitutional Convention of Virginia, 
and in 1855 was elected a Representa- 



70 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



tive in Congress, serving one term. In 
1861 he was elected a Eepresentative, 
from Virginia, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, and was soon afterwards trans- 
ferred to the Senate, serving on the 
Committees on Public Lands and Ter- 
ritories. His term expires in 1865. 

Carlton, Peter. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Hamp- 
shire, from 1807 to 1809. 

Carmichael, M. JS, — He was a na- 
tive of Maryland, and a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1833 
to 1835. 

Cames, Thomas P. — He was 

born and educated in Maryland; studied 
law, and settled in G-eorgia. He was 
there successively Solicitor-G-eneral, At- 
torney-General, and Judge of the Su- 
preme Court ; and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from 1793 to 1795. He died 
at Milledgeville, May 8, 1822. 

Carpenter, Davis. — He was born 

in Walpole, Cheshire County, New 
Hampshire, December 25, 1799; re- 
ceived an academical education ; studied 
medicine, and took the degree of M.D. 
at Middlebury College, Vermont, in 
1824 ; he removed to the State of New 
York in 1825, and there attained the 
position of Colonel of a rifle corps ; and 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1853 to 1855, in place 
of A. Boody, resigned. He was subse- 
quently devoted to his profession and to 
surveying. » 

Carpenter, Levi D. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1843 to 1845. 

Carr, Francis. — He was a mem- 
ber of the Massachusetts Legislature, 
from 1806 to 1811, and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1811 to 1813. Died in October, 
1821, aged sixty-nine years. 

Carr, Jatnes. — He served three 
years in the Massachusetts Legislature, 
from Bangor, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 
1815 to 1817. 

Carr, John. — He was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Indiana, from 
1831 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 



1841, and died in Clarke County, Indi- 
ana, January 20, 1845. 

Carroll, Charles, of Carroll- 
ton. — He was born in Annapolis, Mary- 
land, on the 20th of September, 1737; was 
descended from a respectable Irish fa- 
mily ; was of the Eoman Catholic reli- 
gion, and inherited a very large estate. 
He was sent at an early age to St. 
Omer to be educated, and afterwards 
removed to Eheims. After having 
studied civil law in France, he went to 
London, and pursued the study of com- 
mon law at the Temple ; and returned 
to America at the age of twenty-seven. 
He soon became known as an advocate 
for liberty, and was one of the ablest 
political writers of Maryland. In 1776 
he was elected a Delegate to the old 
Congress, and subscribed his name to 
the Declaration of Independence, and 
at the time of his death was the last 
surviving signer of that document. In 
1778 he left Congress, and devoted him- 
self to the councils of his native State ; 
in 1789 he was elected a Senator to the 
new Congress, and in 1810 he quitted 
public life, and passed the remainder of 
his days in tranquillity, beloved and 
revered by his friends and neighbors, 
and honored by his country. He was 
ever considered a model of regularity 
in conduct and sedateness in judgment. 
He died in Baltimore, November 14, 
1832. 

• 

Carroll, Charles H. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1843 to 1847, a member of 
the Assembly of the State in 1836, and 
a State Senator in 1837. 

Carroll, Daniel. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1789 to 1791, and was that 
year appointed Commissioner for Sur' 
veying the District of Columbia. 

Carroll, James, — He was born in 
Maryland, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 
1841. 

Carson, Samuel P. — Born at 
Pleasant Garden, Burke County, North 
Carolina. He was for several years a 
member of the State Legislature, and a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from 1825 
to 1833. He killed Doctor Eobert B. 
Vance in a duel, in 1827 ; and at the 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



71 



close of his services in Congress, re- 
moved to Arkansas, where he died in 
November, 1840. 

Carter, JoJm, — Born on Black 
Kiver, Sumter District, South Carolina, 
September 10, 1792 ; and graduated at 
South Carolina College, Columbia. He 
was a lawyer by profession ; and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1822 to 1829, when he 
declined a re-election. His residence 
was Camden, but he removed to George- 
town, District of Columbia, in 1836, 
where he remained until his death, 
which occurred June 20, 1850. 

Carter, LutJier C. — Born in Bethel, 
Oxford County, Maine, February 25, 
1805 ; received an academic education ; 
settled in New York City, and devoted 
himself to mercantile pursuits with suc- 
cess ; was a member for some years of 
the Board of Education in that city ; 
and having retired from business, he 
settled on a farm on Long Island ; and 
was elected a Eepresentative from New 
York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on the District of Columbia. 

Carter, Timothy J". — He was 

educated for the legal profession ; was 
Secretary of the Maine Senate, in 1833 ; 
County Attorney from 1883 to 1837 ; 
and he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1837 to the 
date of his death, which occurred at 
Washington, March 14, 1838. 

Carter, WilUani B. — Born in 
Tennessee, in 1812; was a member of 
the House and Senate in the State Le- 
gislature ; President of the Constitu- 
tional Convention ; and from 1835 to 
1841 a Representative in Congress, 
from his native State. He died in Car- 
ter County, Tennessee, April 17, 1848. 

Cartter, David R. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Ohio, from 1849 to 
1853. 

Caruthers, Robert L. — Was born 
in Smith County, Tennessee, July 81, 
1800 ; obtained the rudiments of an 
English education by his own unaided 
exertions ; from 1816 to 1818 he was 
clerk in a store; subsequently improved 
his education at Woodward Academy 



and Greenville College ; studied law and 
came to the bar in 1823 ; served one 
year as Clerk in the Legislature of 
Tennessee. Returning to his native 
county, was appointed Clerk of the 
Chancery Court there ; edited a paper 
for one year ; settled in Wilson County, 
in 1826, and was soon afterwards elected 
State's Attorney, holding the office five 
years ; in 1834 he was elected a Briga- 
dier-General of militia ; was a member 
of the Tennessee Legislature in 1835 ; 
was a Presidential Elector in 1845, de- 
clining to run for Governor ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Tennes- 
see, from 1841 to 1843, declining a re- 
election ; in 1852 was called to a seat 
on the Supreme Bench of Tennessee, 
still holding the position ; and was a 
Delegate to the Peace Convention of 
1861. 

Caruthers, Samuel. — Born in 
Madison County, Missouri, October 18, 
1820 ; was educated at Clinton College, 
Tennessee ; is a lawj'er by profession ; 
and was elected a member of the House 
of Represtotatives, in Congress, in 1853, 
which position he still occupies. 

Cary, George B. — A member of 
Congress from the Petersburg District, 
Virginia, in 1842 and 1843. He died 
in Southampton County, Virginia, 
March 5, 1850. 

Cary, Jereniiah E. — Born in Co- 
ventry, Rhode Island, April 80, 1808 ; 
commenced active life in the State of 
New York, by working on a farm and 
in the tannery of an uncle ; he re- 
ceived a good common school education, 
which he paid for by his own exertions 
as a teacher ; he studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1829 ; was elected 
to Congress, from Cherry Valley Coun- 
ty, in 1842, and, after his term as a Re- 
presentative, removed to the city of 
New York, where he has since been en- 
gaged with success in the practice of 
his profession, and holding many im- 
portant local offices connected with the 
cause of education. 

Cary, Shepard. — He was a mer- 
chant and farmer ; was a member of the 
Maine Legislature in 1882, 1833, from 
1839 to 1842, in 1843, 1848, 1849, and 
from 1850 to 1854. He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Maine, from 
1844 to 1845, and served as a member of 



72 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



the Committee on Claims. In 1836 he 
was a Presidential Elector. 

Case, Charles. — Born at Austin- 
hurg, Ashtabula County, Ohio, Decem- 
ber 21, 1817; a lawyer by profession, 
and a Kepresentative in the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, from Indiana. He was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Invalid Pen- 
sions. He was also re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Territories. 

Case, Walter. — He was born in 
Dutchess County, New York, and was 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1819 to 1821. 

Casey, Joseph. — He was born in 
Maryland, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1849 
to 1851. In 1863 he was appointed, by 
President Lincoln, a Judge of the Court 
of Claims. 

Casey, Levi. — He was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from South Carolina, 
from 1808 to 1807. Died February 1, 
1807. 

Casey, Samuel L. — He was elected 
a Eepresentative, from Kentucky, to 
the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was 
subsequently appointed, by President 
Lincoln, a Commissioner to look after 
certain national interests in the South- 
western States. 

Casey, Zadoclc. — He was born in 
Georgia, and on removing to Illinois, 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1833 to 1843, and also 
held the ofSce of Lieutenant-Governor 
of the State. Died at Caseyville, Illi- 
nois, in 1862, aged sixty-six years. 

CasTcie, tfohn S. — He was born in 
Virginia, and was first elected a Eepre- 
sentative to Congress, from his native 
State, in 1851, and has been elected to 
each successive Congress, serving at the 
present time as a member of the Com- 
mittee on the Judiciary. 

Cass, Letvis. — Born in Exeter, 
New Hampshire, October 9, 1782. Hav- 
ing received a limited education at his 
native place, at the early age of seven- 
teen he crossed the Alleghany Moun- 
tains on foot, to seek a home in the 
"great West," then an almost unex- 



plored wilderness. Settled at Marietta, 
Ohio ; he studied law, and was successful. 
Elected at twenty-five to the Legisla- 
ture of Ohio, he originated the bill 
which arrested the proceedings of Aaron 
Burr, and, as stated by Mr. Jefferson, 
was the first blow given to what is 
known as Burr's conspiracy. In 1807 
he was appointed, by Mr. Jeflerson, 
Marshal of the State, and held the oflB.ce 
till the latter part of 1811, when he vo- 
lunteered to repel Indian aggressions on 
the frontier. He was elected Colonel of 
the Third Eegiment of Ohio volunteers, 
and entered the military service of the 
United States at the commencement of 
the war of 1812. Having by a difficult 
march reached Detroit, he urged the 
immediate invasion of Canada, and was 
the author of the proclamation of that 
event. He was the first to land in arms 
on the enemy's shore, and, with a small 
detachment of troops, fought and won 
the first battle, that of the Tarontoe. 
At the subsequent capitulation of De- 
troit, he was absent, on important ser- 
vice, and regretted that his command 
and himself had been included in that 
capitulation. Liberated on parole, he 
repaired to the seat of government to 
report the causes of the disaster, and 
the failure of the campaign. He was 
immediately appointed a Colonel in the 
regular army, and, soon after, promoted 
to the rank of Brigadier-General ; hav- 
ing, in the mean time, been elected 
Major-General of the Ohio volunteers. 
On being exchanged and released from 
parole, he again repaired to the frontier, 
and joined the army for the recovery of 
Michigan. Being at that time without 
a command, he served and distinguished 
himself, as a volunteer aide-de-camp to 
General Harrison, at the battle of the 
Thames. He was appointed, by Presi- 
dent Madison, in October, 1813, Gover- 
nor of Michigan. His position com- 
bined, with the ordinary duties of chief 
magistrate of a civilized community, 
the immediate management and con- 
trol, as superintendent, of the relations 
with the numerous and powerful Indian 
tribes in that region of country. He 
conducted with success the aflairs of 
the Territory under embarrassing cir- 
cumstances. Under his sway peace was 
preserved between the whites and the 
treacherous and disaflfected Indians, law 
and order established, and the Territory 
rapidly advanced in population, re- 
sources, and prosperity. He held this 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



73 



position till July, 1831, when he was, 
by President Jackson, made Secretary 
of War. In the latter part of 183G, 
President Jackson appointed him Mi- 
nister to France, where he remained 
until 1842, when he requested his recall, 
and returned to this country. In Janu- 
ary, 1845, he was elected, by the Legis- 
lature of Michigan, to the Senate of the 
United States; which place he resigned 
on his nomination, in May, 1848, as a 
candidate for the Presidency, by the 
political party to which lie belonged. 
After the election of his opponent (Ge- 
neral Taylor) to that office, the Legis- 
lature of his State, in 1849, re-elected 
him to the Senate for the unexpired 
portion of his original term of six years. 
When Mr. Buchanan became President, 
he invited General Cass to the head of 
the Department of State, which position 
he resigned in December, 1860. He has 
devoted some attention to literary pur- 
suits, and his writings, speeches, and 
State papers would make several vo- 
lumes. 

Cassedy, George. — He was born 
in Bergen County, New Jersey, and 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
New Jersey, -from 1821 to 1827, and died 
in Hackensack, New Jersey, December 
31, 1842, aged fifty-eight years. 

Catheart, Charles JV. — He was 

born in the Island of Madeira, in 1809 ; 
went to sea in early life and studied 
mechanics ; removed to Indiana in 1831 ; 
was for several years a United States 
Surveyor ; served in the State Legisla- 
ture ; and he was elected a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from Indiana, from 
1845 to 1849, and was a Senator in 
Congress, from 1852 to 1853, by appoint- 
ment. Of late years he has been de- 
voted to farming. 

CatUn, George S. — Born in Har- 
wington, Litchfield, County, Connecti- 
cut, in 1809 ; received a common school 
and academic education ; studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1830; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1843 to 1845. He was also a num- 
ber of years in the State Legislature, 
State'sAttorney,and Judge of the Wind- 
ham County Court. He died in Decem- 
ber, 1851. 

Causin, Joliix M. S. — He was 

born in Maryland ; was a lawyer by 



profession ; served several terms in the 
Legislature ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from his native State, from 
1843 to 1845. Died at Cairo, Illinois, 
January 30, 1861. 

Cavanaugh, tT. M. — He was a Re- 
presentative in the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, from Minnesota. 

Chaffee, Calvin C. — Born in 
Westminster, Vermont, August 28, 
1811. He early devoted himself to the 
study of medicine ; graduated at Mid- 
dlebury College ; and on becoming a 
citizen of Massachusetts, he was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty- 
fifth Congresses, serving as a member 
of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 
In 1859 he was appointed Librarian of 
the House of Representatives, which 
office he held until 1861. 

Chalmers, JToseph W. — He was a 

Senator in Congress, from Mississippi, 
from 1845 to 1847. 

Chamberlain, Ebenezer M. — 

He was born in Maine, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Indiana, 
from 1853 to 1855. 

CJianiberlain, Jacoh P. — He was 

born in Massachusetts, and was a Re- 
presentative, from New York, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Agriculture. 

Chamberlain, John C. — He gra- 
duated at Harvard University in 1793; 
practised law at Alstead, New Hamp- 
shire ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1809 to 
1811. He died at Utica, New York, 
Decembers, 1834, aged sixty-two years. 

Chamberlain, Williain. — He 

was a Representative in Congress, from 
Vermont, from 1803 to 1805, and again 
from 1809 to 1811. He was a State 
Councillor from 1796 to 1803; served 
five years in the State Legislature ; was 
Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont from 
1813 to 1815; and Chief Justice of the 
Randolph County Court from 1801 to 
1803, and in 1814. 

Chambers, David, — He was born 
in Allentown, Northampton County, 
Pennsylvania, in 1780. He was edu- 



74 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



cated by his father, who was a school 
teacher ; and in 1794 was employed as 
a.conMential express to carry despatches 
from General Henry Lee to President 
Washington, during the Whiskey In- 
surrection ; in 1796 he was placed in 
the office of the Aurora newspaper, to 
learn the printer's trade ; and after 
spending the sixteen subsequent years 
on a farm in Virginia, he removed to 
Zanesville, Ohio, where he conducted a 
newspaper, and was elected State print- 
er. When the seat of government was 
removed to Columbus, he was appointed 
Secretary of the Senate ; during the 
years 1812 and 1813 he was aide-de-camp 
to G-eneral Cass ; and was a Kepresent- 
ative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1821 
to 1823. He subsequently served a 
number of years in the State Legisla- 
ture of Ohio ; was Speaker in 1844, and 
was a member of the Constitutional 
Convention of 1851 ; having also been 
elected Mayor of Zanesville, Kecorder, 
and Clerk of the Court of Common 
Pleas. Of late years he has been wholly 
devoted to agricultural pursuits. Died 
at Zanesville, Ohio, August 8, 1864. 

Chanihers, Ezeliiel F. — Born in 

Kent County, Maryland, February 28, 
1788; graduated at Washington Col- 
lege when seventeen years of age ; stu- 
died law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1808 ; he performed some military 
service in 1812, and subsequently at- 
tained the rank of Brigadier-General ; 
in 1822 he was elected to the State Se- 
nate against his will ; he took an active 
part in 1825 in arranging a system of 
legislation for the recovery of slaves ; 
he was a Senator in Congress, from 
Maryland, from 1826 to 1835; in 1834 
he was appointed Chief Judge of the 
Second Judicial District and a Judge of 
the Court of Appeals, which offices he 
held until 1851, when the Judiciary be- 
came elective ; having been in 1850 an 
active member of the Convention which 
changed the State Constitution. He 
was oiFered, in 1852, by President Fill- 
more, the post of Secretary of the Navy, 
in the place of Secretary Graham, who 
resigned ; but his health compelled him 
to decline the honor. In 1833 Yale 
College conferred upon him the degree 
of Doctor of Laws, and in 1852 he re- 
ceived the same honor from the Dela- 
ware College. 

Chciinhers, George, — Born in 



Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in 1786; 
graduated at Princeton College in 1804 ; 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1807, and practised extensively 
in the Franklin County Courts. He 
was a Kepresentative in Congress from 
1838 to 1837, and was then elected a 
delegate to the Pennsylvania Constitu- 
tional Convention. In 1851 he was ap- 
pointed by the Governor, with the 
unanimous consent of the Senate, a 
Justice of the Supreme Court of the 
State, which office he held until the ex- 
piration of its tenure under the consti- 
tution. Since that time he has lived in 
retirement, discharging many trusts 
and offices in promotion of religion and 
education, in the town of his birth, 
which bears his father's name. 

Chambers, Henry, — He was a 

Senator in Congress from 1825 to 1826, 
from Alabama, and died January 25, 
1826. 

Charnbers, John. — Born in New 
Jersey in 1779 ; emigrated to Kentucky 
when thirteen years of age ; studied 
law, and practised the profession with 
success ; was an aide-de-camp to General 
Harrison at the battle of the Thames ; 
was appointed Governor of the Terri- 
tory of Iowa by President Harrison, 
manifesting great ability and prudence 
in his intercourse with the Indians ; 
and by President Taylor he was ap- 
pointed a Commissioner to make a 
treaty with the Sioux Indians. He was 
a member of Congress, from Kentucky, 
from 1827 to 1829, and again from 1835 
to 1839. He died near Paris, Kentucky, 
September 21, 1852. 

Champion, Epaphroditus. — He 

was a Representative in Congress, from 
Connecticut, from 1807 to 1817 ; a man 
greatly respected for his public and 
private character ; and died at East 
Haddam, Connecticut, November 22, 
1835, aged seventy-eight years. 

Champlin, Christopher G. — He 

was a native of Newport, Ehode Island; 
graduated at Harvard University in 
1786 ; was a member of Congress from 
1797 to 1801, and a Senator of the Uni- 
ted States from 1809 to 1811. At the 
time of his death, which occurred March 
18, 1840, in the seventy-fourth year of 
his age, he was President of the Rhode 
Island Bank. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



75 



Chandler, John. — Was a native 
of Maine when a part of Massachusetts, 
representing it in the State Senate from 
1803 to 1805, and in Congress from 1805 
to 1808, and for three years was Sheriff 
of Kennebeck County. In 1812 he was 
appointed Brigadier-General, and took 
an active part in the Canadian cam- 
paign, having his horse shot under him 
at the battle of Stony Creek, where he 
was wounded and taken prisoner. He 
was elected to the United States Senate 
in 1820, being one of the first two Sena- 
tors from Maine after its separation 
from Massachusetts, serving two terms, 
until 1829. In 1829 he was appointed 
Collector of the port of Portland, serv- 
ing until 1837 ; and he died at Augusta, 
September, 1841. 

Chandler, Joseph R. — He was 

born in Massachusetts ; was liberally 
educated, and studied law ; edited a 
newspaper in Philadelphia for many 
years ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1849 to 
1855 ; and was appointed Minister to 
Naples by President Buchanan in 1858. 

Chandler, Thomas. — He was a 

State Senator in 1827, and a Eepresent- 
ative in Congress, from New Hamp- 
shire, from 1829 to 1838. 

Chandler, Zaehariah. — Born in 
Bedford, New Hampshire, December 
10, 1813 ; received an academical edu- 
cation ; was bred a nierchant ; was 
Mayor of Detroit, Michigan in 1851 ; 
defeated candidate for Grovernor of 
Michigan in 1852 ; and is a Senator in 
Congress from Michigan, having suc- 
ceeded Senator Cass in that capacity, 
and taking his seat in the Thirty-fifth 
Congress. He has served as a member 
of the Committee on the District of 
Columbia, and Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Commerce. He was re-elected 
to the Senate in 1868, for the term end- 
ing in 1869. 

Clianey, John. — He was born in 
Maryland, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Ohio, from 1833 to 1839. 

Chanler,JohnWmthrop. — Born 

in the city of New York, in 1826 ; was 
a member of the New York Assembly, 
in 1859 and 1860, and declined a re- 
nomination ; and in 1862 he was elected 
a Representative, from New York, to 



the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Patents. 

Cha2)in, G^^raham H. — He was 

born in Connecticut ; graduated at Yale 
College in 1817 ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New York, from 
1835 to 1837, and died in 1843. 

Chapman, Aiigustus A. — He 

was born in Virginia, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1843 to 1847. 

Chapnuin, Bird J5. — He was born 
in Connecticut, and, on removing to 
Nebraska, was elected a Delegate, from 
that Territory, to the Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

Chapman, Charles. — Born at 
Newtown, Fairfield County, Connecti- 
cut, June 21, 1799; received a classical 
education ; he is a lawyer by profession ; 
was three times a member of the House 
of Representatives of the State ; he was 
United States Attorney during the ad- 
ministration of Mr. Tyler, and a Re- 
presentative in the Thirty-second Con- 
gress, from Connecticut. 

Chapman, Henry. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and elected a Repre- 
sentative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
from his native State, serving as a mem- 
ber of the Committee on the Judiciary. 

CIuQtman, John.~-E.e was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1797 to 1799. 

Chapman, John 6?.— He was 

born in Charles County, Maryland, 
July 5, 1798, and died December 10, 
1856. He laid the foundation of his 
education at Yale College, which he 
left during his senior term, on account 
of his health, and afterwards refused a 
diploma which was tendered to him by 
the faculty. He studied law with Wil- 
liam Wirt, and, after practising for 
some time, turned his attention to poli- 
tics, and between the years 1824 and 
1844, he was almost constantly in the 
Legislature of Maryland. In 1845 he 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, and again re-elected in 1847, 
serving on important committees, and 
doing much good for his constituents 
and the public at large. He was chosen 
President of the Convention which 



76 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



framed the present Constitution of Ma- 
ryland ; and his last public act was to 
preside as Chairman of the National 
Whig Convention, which met in Bal- 
timore, in 1856, to nominate Millard 
Fillmore for the Presidency. He was 
an eloquent speaker, filled all his public 
trusts with fidelity, and died lamented 
hy a large number of warm personal 
friends. 

Chapman, Reuben. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from Alabama, from 1835 
to 1847 ; also Governor of that State, 
from 1847 to 1849. 

Chappell, A. H. — He was born in 
Georgia, and was a Eepresentative, 
from that State, to the Twenty-eighth 
Congress. 

Chappell, John J. — Born in Fair- 
field District, South Carolina, January 
19, 1782; received a common school 
education ; studied law and was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1804 ; was a Solicitor 
of Equity, Colonel of militia, a Trustee 
of the State College in 1809, and a 
Bank Director; and a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from South Carolina, from 
1813 to 1817. 

Charlton, Robert M. — He was a 

Judge, and a Senator in Congress, from 
Georgia, in 1852 and 1853. He died in 
Savannah, January 18, 1854. 

Chase, Dudley, — Was born in Cor- 
nish, Sullivan County, New Hamp- 
shire, December 30, 1771. He received 
an academic education, and graduated 
at Dartmouth College, in 1791. Having 
been admitted to the bar, he commenced 
practice in Vermont, and, from 1803 to 
1811, he was State's Attorney for Orange 
County. He was a member of the Con- 
stitutional Conventions of 1814 and 
1822. He was a Eepresentative, from 
Eandolph, to the Legislature of Ver- 
mont, in 1805, and the seven succeeding 
years, during five of which he was 
Speaker of the House of Eepresentatives, 
and was again elected Eepresentative, 
from the same town, in 1823 and 1824. 
He was elected United States Senator, 
from Vermont, from 1813 to 1819, but 
he resigned his seat in 1817. He was 
chosen Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court of Vermont, in 1817, holding the 
same office, by annual re-elections, until 



1821. He then returned to his profes- 
sion of the law for a few years, and in 
1824 he was again chosen IJnited States 
Senator, from 1825 to 1831, inclusive, 
when he retired wholly from public life, 
and devoted his attention to farming 
and gardening, of which he was exces- 
sively fond. He was a brother of the 
late Philander Chase, Bishop of Illinois ; 
and died at Eandolph, Vermont, Febru- 
ary 23, 1846. 

Chase, George W. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1853 to 1855. 

Chase, Jjucien B. — He was born 
in Vermont, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1845 
to 1847, and for a second term, ending 
in 1849. He is the author of a work 
entitled " History of President Polk's 
Administration." 

Chase, Salmon P. — He was born 

in Cornish, New Hampshire, January 
13, 1808. His education began at home, 
and was continued at the schools and 
academies of New Hampshire and Cen- 
tral Ohio, and completed at the Cincin- 
nati College, and at Dartmouth, in 
New Hampshire, graduating in 1826. 
He studied law, in Washington City, 
with William Wirt, and has practised 
his profession in Cincinnati, Ohio, for 
many years. His first public posi- 
tion was that of School Examiner, in 
Cincinnati, in 1839 ; in 1840 h« was a 
City Councilman; in 1845 he projected 
what was called a Liberty Convention ; 
was a member of the Free-soil Conven- 
tion held at Buffalo in 1848 ; and was a 
Senator in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1849 to 1855 ; and elected Governor of 
Ohio, in 1855, and re-elected in 1857. 
In 1860 he was again chosen a Senator 
in Congress, but on the day after he 
took his seat, he was appointed Secre- 
tary of the Treasury in President Lin- 
coln's Cabinet ; having been a member 
also, of the Peace Congress of 1861. 

Chase, Samuel. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from New York, from 
1827 to 1829. 

Chastain, Edward W. — He was 

born in South Carolina, and was a Ee- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



77 



presentative in Congress, from Georgia, 
from 1851 to 1855. 

Ctieatham, Michard. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ten- 
nessee, from 1837 to 1839. Died in Sep- 
tember, 1845. 

Chestnut, J'aines. — Born near 
Camden, South Carolina, in 1815; gra- 
duated at Princeton College ; from 1842 
to 1852 was a member of the State Le- 
gislature ; from 1854 to 1858 he was a 
member of the State Senate ; he was 
appointed to a seat in the United States 
Senate, taking his seat during the second 
session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
and was subsequently elected to that 
position, but resigned in December, 
1860. He became identified with the 
Rebellion of 1861, as a member of the 
so-called Confederate Congress. 

Chetwood, William. — Born in 

New Jersey in 1769; graduated at 
Princeton College in 1792; and ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1798. During the 
Whiskey Insurrection he attended Ma- 
jor-General Lee, as aide-de-camp ; at 
one time served in the State Council of 
New Jersey, and was elected to Con- 
gress, to fill a vacancy, during the ad- 
ministration of President Jackson. 
He was an able lawyer, practised his 
profession until his seventieth year, and 
died December 18, 1857. 

Cheves, Lanr/doti. — He was born 
in Abbeville District, South Carolina, 
September 17, 1776; was admitted to 
the bar in 1801 ; elected to the State 
Legislature in 1808; and afterwards 
Attorney-General of the State. He 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
1811 to 1816, and was Speaker during 
the second session of the Thirteenth 
Congress. He was also a Commissioner 
of Claims under the treaty of Ghent ; 
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, 
from 1816 to 1819, and for a time Presi- 
dent of the United States Bank. Re- 
signing this trust, he returned to Caro- 
lina, and withdrew from public life. 
He died June 26, 1857. 

Cliilds, Thomas, Jr. — He was 

born in New York, and was a Repre- 
sentative, from that State, during the 
Thirty-fourth Congress. 

Childs, TifHOthy. — He was born 



in Massachusetts ; was a member of the 
Assembly of New York in 1828 and 
1833 ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 
1831, from 1835 to 1839, and again from 
1841 to 1843. Died at Santa Cruz in 
November, 1847. 

Chilton, Samuel. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1845. 

Chilton, Thomas. — He was a na- 
tive of Kentucky, and a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1827 
to 1831, and for a second terra, from 
1833 to 1835. 

CJiinn, tfoseph W. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1831 to 1835, and died at 
Richmond, December 5, 1840. 

Chinn, ThomasW. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and, removing to Loui- 
siana, was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from 1839 to 1841. 

Chipman, Daniel. — Born in 
1765, in Salisbury, Connecticut; gradu- 
ated at Dartmouth in 1788 ; was a lawyer 
by profession, and practised at Ripton, 
Vermont. He was for many years in 
the Legislature, and was frequently 
Speaker of the House of Representatives 
of his State, and a member of the last 
State Constitutional Convention ; he 
was the first reporter of the decisions of 
the Supreme Court, and author of an 
able work on Law Contracts for the 
Sale of Specific Articles, which is highly 
esteemed by the profession. He was a 
member of Congress, from 1814 to 1817, 
and died in Ripton, April 23, 1850. 

CJiipman, Jolm S. — He was born 
in Vermont, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Michigan, from 1845 
to 1847. 

Chipman, Nathaniel. — Born in 
Salisbury, Connecticut, November 15, 
1752; graduated at Yale College in 
1777; and settled as a lawyer in Tin- 
mouth, Vermont, and was Professor of 
Law for twenty-eight years in Middle- 
bury College. In 1786 he was elected 
a Judge of the Supreme Court; in 1789 
he was chosen Chief Justice ; and in 
1791 was appointed Judge of the United 



78 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



States District Court. He was subse- 
quently again elected Chief Justice, 
and from 1797 to 1802 he was a member 
of the United States Senate, serving 
until 1803. In 1793 he published 
" Sketches of the Principles of Govern- 
ment," and " Keports and Disserta- 
tions." He died at Tinmouth, Febru- 
ary 15, 1843. 

CMpinan, William W.—'S.e y^&s 
a Delegate to Congress, from the Terri- 
tory of Iowa, from 1839 to 1841. 

Chittenden, Martin. — He was 
born in 1769, in Salisbury, Connecticut. 
He was a member of Congress, from 
Vermont, from 1803 to 1813, and 
Governor of Vermont in 1813 and 
1814. He was a graduate of Dart- 
mouth College in 1789, and died in 
1840. 

Chittenden, T. C. — He was born 
in Massachusetts, and having removed 
to New York, was elected a Kepresen- 
tative, from that State, to the Twenty- 
seventh Congress. 

Choate, Muftis. — Was born at 
Ipswich, Massachusetts, October 1, 
1799. He graduated at Dartmouth 
College in 1819, and was afterwards 
chosen a tutor in that institution, but 
having selected the law for his profes- 
sion, he entered the Law School at Cam- 
bridge, and after spending a few months 
there, went to Washington and studied 
with William Wirt. He completed 
his legal studies at an office in Salem, 
and commenced the practice of his pro- 
fession in the town of Danvers, in 1824. 
In 1825 he was elected a Eepresenta- 
tive to the Massachusetts Legislature, 
and in 1827 he was in the Senate of the 
same State. He took a prominent part 
in the debates, and won much reputa- 
tion by his energy and sagacity. In 
1832 he was elected a member of Con- 
gress from the Essex District, but de- 
clined a re-election in 1834, and removed 
to Boston, to devote himself to his pro- 
fession. Here he took an eminent 
position at the bar, and soon came into 
an extensive practice. In 1841, on the 
retirement of Mr. Webster from the 
Senate, Mr. Choate was elected to fill 
the vacancy, and at the close of his term, 
he gave himself up wholly to his pro- 
fession. He was a Eegent of the Smith- 
sonian Institution, but resigned the 



position. He was greatly distinguished 
for his eloquence, but his style of speak- 
ing was peculiar ; his judgment in the 
management of causes was considered 
consummate. His published orations 
and arguments are quite numerous, 
and all of a high order. He died at 
Halifax, JSTova Scotia, while on his way 
to Europe for his health, July 12, 1859. 

Chrisnian, Jatnes S. — He was 

born in Kentucky, and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1853 to 1855. 

Christie, Gabriel. — He was a Ee- 

presentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1793 to 1797, and from 1799 
to 1801. 

Christie, Henry. — He was a Ee- 

presentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1809 to 1811. 

Churchwell, William 31. — He 

was born in Tennessee, and was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1852 to 1855. 

alley, JBradhury. — He was a Ee- 

presentative in Congress, from New 
Hampshire, from 1813 to 1817. 

alley, Jonathan, — He was born 
in Nottingham, New Hampshire, July 
2, 1802; graduated at Bowdoin College 
in 1825 ; adopted the profession of law, 
and admitted to the bar in 1829 ; was at 
one time Speaker of the House of Ee- 
presentatives of Maine, of which he 
was a member from 1832 to 1837 ; and 
a member of Congress, from 1837 to 
the time of his death. He was killed, 
at the third fire, in a duel fought with 
William J. Graves, at Bladensburg, 
Maryland, February 24, 1838, with 
rifles, at eighty yards distance. 

alley, Joseph. — He was born in 
New Hampshire, and was a Senator in 
Congress, from that State, from 1846 to 
1847. 

Claggett, Clifton. — He was born 
in Eockingnam County, New Hamp- 
shire ; was Judge of Probate of Hills- 
borough County, from 1823 to 1827; 
Judge of the Superior Court one or two 
years ; was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1803 to 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



79 



1805, and again from 1817 to 1821 ; and 
died in 1829, aged fifty-six years. 

Claiborne, John. — He was a Ke- 

presentative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1805 to 1808. Died during 
the latter year. 

Claihorne, John F. H, — Was a 

native of Natchez, Mississippi ; edu- 
cated and licensed as a lawyer in Vir- 
ginia ; was a Representative in the Le- 
gislature of Mississippi during three ses- 
sions, and a Representative in Congress, 
from 1835 to 1838 ; has since conducted 
the Natchez Fur Trader and also the 
Louisiana Courier, leading journals of 
the South, and was editor of an agricul- 
tural journal published in New Orleans. 
He held the office of United States 
Timber Agent, for the Districts of 
Louisiana and Mississippi, to which he 
was appointed by President Pierce. 
He wrote an historical Vork relating to 
the Southwest. 

Claiborne, Nathaniel H. — He 

was born in Sussex County, Virginia ; 
served many years in the Legislature of 
that State ; was also a member of the 
Executive Council ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1825 to 1887. Died in Franklin 
County, Virginia, August 15, 1859, 
aged eighty-three years. 

Claiborne, Thomas. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1793 to 1799, and again from 
1801 to 1805. 

Claiborne, Tlionias. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ten- 
nessee, from 1817 to 1819. • 

Claiborne, William C. C. — He 

studied law, and settled in Tennessee, of 
which State he assisted in forming the 
Constitution , and afterwards represented 
it in Congress, from 1797 to 1801. In 
1801 he was appointed Governor of the 
Mississippi Territory, and in 1804 of 
Louisiana ; and to that office he was 
also chosen by the people, after the 
adoption of its Constitution, from 1812 
to 1816. He was then elected a Senator 
of the United States, but died before he 
took his seat, at New Orleans, November 
23, 1817. 

Clapp, Asa W. H. — He was born 



in Maine, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 
1849. 

Clark, Abraham. — Born near Eli- 
zabethtown, New Jersey, February 15, 
1726. He was a self-made man, ^d be- 
cause of his habit of giving legal advice 
gratuitously, he was called the "Poor 
Man's Counsellor." He was Sheriff, and 
Clerk of the Colonial Assembly, one of 
the Delegates to the Continental Con- 
gress, and a signer of the DeclaFation of 
Independence ; and, after the adoption 
of the Constitution, was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1791 to 1794. 
He died September 15, 1794, of stroke 
of the sun. 

Clarh, Ambrose W. — He was born 
near Cooper.stown, Otsego County, New 
York, February 19, 1810; received a 
common school education ; was employed 
in a printing office at Cooperstown until 
he became of age ; published for five 
years the Otsego Republican ; esta- 
blished and published for eight years, in 
Lewis County, the Northern Journal; 
and also published for sixteen years the 
Northern New York Journal, in Wa- 
tertown, Jeflerson County. In 1859 he 
was elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Printing. 
He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress in 1862, and was Chairman of 
the Committee on Printing, and a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Accounts. 

Clark, Archibaltl S. — He was a 

member of the New York Senate for 
four years, beginning with 1813, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1816 to 1817. He held 
the several positions of Clerk, Surro- 
gate and Judge of Saratoga County. 
Died at Clarence, New York, December 
4, 1821, aged forty-three years. 

Clark, Beverly S. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1847 
to 1849. 

Clark, CJiristopJier. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1804 to 1806. 

Clark, Daniel. — He was born in 
Stratham, Rockingham County, New 
Hampshire, October 24, 1809; gradu- 



80 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



ated at Dartmouth College in 1834 ; 
studied law, and came to the bar in 
1837 ; was a member of the !New Hamp- 
shire Legislature in the years 1842, 1843, 
1846, 1854, and 1855; in 1857 he was 
elected a Senator in Congress, from 
New ^Hampshire, and in 1861 was re- 
elected for the term ending in 1867, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on Claims, and as a member of other 
important committees. During the first 
session of the Thirty-eighth Congress 
he was fchosen President pro tern, of the. 
Senate. 

Clark, Ezra, Jr. — He was born in 
Vermont, and having removed to Con- 
necticut, was elected a Representative 
to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re- 
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Elections. 

Clarh, Franklin. — He was born 
in Maine ; a merchant by occupation ; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Be- 
fore entering Congress he served in the 
State Legislature, and was a member of 
the Executive Council in 1855. 

Clark, Horace F. — He was born 
in Southbury, New Haven County, Con- 
necticut ; graduated at Williams Col- 
lege, Massachusetts ; adopted the law 
as a profession ; and was elected a mem- 
ber of the Thirty-fifth Congress, from 
New York, serving as a member of the 
Committee on the Judiciary. He has 
also been re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Indian Affairs. 

Clark, James. — He was born in 
Bedford County, Virginia, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1813 to 1816, and again 
from 1825 to 1831, and was Governor of 
the State in 1836. He died at Frank- 
fort, Kentucky, August 27, 1839. 

Clark, James W. — Born in Bertie 

County, North Carolina ; graduated at 
Princeton College in 1796; was for seve- 
ral years in the House of Commons ; a 
Presidential Elector in 1812 ; three 
years a member of the State Senate; 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
1815 to 1817. He was in 1828 appointed 
Chief Clerk of the Navy Department, 



and died in the sixty-fifth year of his 



Clark, John B. — Born in Madison 
County, Kentucky, April 17, 1802. A 
lawyer by profession ; removed to Mis- 
souri, and was appointed Clerk of How- 
ard County Court, in 1824, serving till 
1834. In 1832 commanded a regiment 
of mounted militia during the Black 
Hawk war, and made Major-General of 
militia in 1848 ; elected to the Legisla- 
ture during the session of 1850-51 ; was 
chosen, by the State, as commanding 
officer to expel the Mormons from Mis- 
souri, and was a member of the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
tee on Territories. He was re-elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving 
on the Committee on Territories. Re- 
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
but took part in the Rebellion of 1861 
as a Colonel, having been expelled from 
the House in July, 1861. 

Clark, Lincoln. — He was born in 

Massachusetts, and, on removing to 
Iowa was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 
1853. 

Clark, Lot. — He was born in New 
York ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1823 to 1825, when he was 
appointed Postmaster at Norwich, New 
York ; and was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1846. 

Clark, M. S. — He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
during the years 1820 and 1821. 

Clark, Mobert. — He was born in 
"Washington County, New York ; was 
a member of the Assembly of that State, 
from 1812 to 1815; a Representativefin 
Congress, from 1819 to 1821 ; and a 
Delegate to the State Constitutional 
Convention held in the latter year. 

Clark, Samuel. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 1833 
to 1835; on removing to Michigan, was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

Clark, William. — He was for some 
time prior to 1828, State Treasurer of 
Pennsylvania. In 1828 was appointed 
Treasurer of the United States, and held 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



81 



the ofiice for one j'ear. From 1833 to 
1837 he was a member of the House of 
Kepresentatives in Congress. He died 
in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, 
April 28, 1851. 

Clarke, Bayard. — Born in New 
York City, March 17, 1815 ; educated 
at Geneva College, and studied law. 
In 1836 he was Attache and Secretary 
to General Cass's Embassy to France, 
and continued in that position four 
years. He then took a course of study 
at the Eoyal School of Cavalry, in 
France, and afterwards served in the 
Second Kegiment of Dragoons, through 
the Florida war. He resigned in 1843, 
and settled at Westchester, New York, 
which District he represented in the 
Thirty-fourth Congress. 

Clarke, Charles E. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1851. In 1839 and 1840 he was a 
member of the New York Assembly, 
from Jefferson County. 

Clarke, Daniel. — He was a Dele- 
gate to Congress, from the Territory of 
Orleans or Louisiana, from 1806 to 1809. 

Clarke, Freeman. — He was born 
in Troy, New York, March 22, 1809 ; 
commenced active life as a merchant, 
but for twenty-seven years was engaged 
in the banking business, first as Cashier 
of the Bank of Orleans, at Albion, and 
subsequently as President of several 
banks in Rochester. He also held the 
offices of Vice-President and Treasurer 
of one or more savings banks and of 
several important railroad companies. 
In 1856 he was a Presidential Elector, 
and was elected a Representative, from 
New York, to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, and was a member of the Com- 
mittees on Manufactures, and Invalid 
Pensions. 

Clarke, Henry S. — Born in Beau- 
fort County, North Carolina. He stu- 
died law ; went into the State Legisla- 
ture in 1834 ; was Solicitor for the State 
in 1842 ; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, from 1845 
to 1847. 

Clarke, John C. — He was born in 
Connecticut ; served in the Assembly of 
New York in 1826 ; and was a Repre- 



sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1827 to 1829, and again from 1837 
to 1843. 

Clarke, John H. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Rhode Island, 
from 1847 to 1853. 

Clarke, Staley N. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1841 to 1843. 

Clatvson, Isaiah D. — He was 

born in Woodstown, New Jersey, March 
30, 1822 ; graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1840; studied medicine in the 
University of Pennsylvania, taking his 
degree in 1843 ; was a member of the 
New Jersey Assembly in 1853 ; and was 
elected a Representative from that State 
to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re- 
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Revolutionary Claims. 

Clay, Briittis J. — He was born in 
Madison County, Kentucky, July 1, 
1808 ; was educated at Danville Col- 
lege, Kentucky, and settled in Bour- 
bon County as a farmer in 1837. In 
1840 he served in the State Legislature ; 
was subsequently elected President of 
the Bourbon County Agricultural So- 
ciety, which position he still holds. In 
1853 he was elected President of the 
State Agricultural Society, was re- 
elected for four years, and then declined 
a re-election ; was again elected to the 
Legislature in 1860 ; and was elected a 
Representative, from Kentucky, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as 
Chairman of the Committee on Agri- 
culture, and as a member on that of 
Revolutionary Pensions. Ever since 
his boyhood he has been devoted to 
agriculture, and especially to the rais- 
ing of choice breeds of cattle. 

Clay, Clement C. — He was born 
in Halifax County, Virginia, December 
17, 1789; graduated at the University 
of East Tennessee ; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1809 ; and 
removed to Huntsville, Alabama, in 
1811, where he has resided ever since. 
During the Creek war, he saw some 
service as a soldier. He practised his 
profession until 1817, when he was 
elected a member of the Territorial 
Council of Alabama ; in 1819 he was 
chosen one of the Judges of the Circuit 



82 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Court ; in 1820 was chosen Chief Jus- 
tice of that Court, and resigneclin 1823 ; 
in 1828 he was elected to tlie State 
Legislature, and was made Speaker ; 
he was a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from Alahama, from 1827 to 1835 ; in 
1835 he was elected Governor of Ala- 
bama, serving two years ; and in 1837 
he was elected a Senator in Congress 
for the term ending in 1842. 

Clay, Clement C, Jir.— He was 

horn in Madison, Alabama, about the 
year 1819 ; graduated at the University 
of Alabama, and spent two years at the 
University of Virginia ; studied law, 
and commenced the practice at Hunts- 
ville, Alabama, in 1840 ; served in the 
Legislature of Alabama in 1842, 1844, 
and 1845 ; and was elected by the Le- 
gislature, in 1846, Judge of the Madison 
County Court, serving two years, when 
he resigned. In 1853 he was elected a 
Senator in Congress, from Alabama, 
and in 1857 was re-elected for the term 
of six years, receiving every vote in the 
Legislature. He left the Senate in 
February, 1861, and took part in the 
Eebellion of that year. 

Clay, Henry, — Born in Hanover 
County, Virginia, April 12, 1777. Hav- 
ing received a common school educa- 
tion, he became at an early age a copy- 
ist in the office of the Clerk of the Court 
of Chancery, at Eichmond. At nine- 
teen he commenced the study of law, 
and shortly afterwards removed to Lex- 
ington, Kentucky, where he was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1799, and soon obtained 
extensive practice. He began his poli- 
tical career, by taking an active part in 
the election of delegates to frame a new 
Constitution for the State of Kentucky. 
In 1803 he was elected to the Legisla- 
ture by the citizens of Fayette County; 
and in 1806 he was appointed to the 
United States Senate for the remainder 
of the term of General Adair, who had 
resigned. In 1807 he was again elected 
a member of the General Assembly of 
Kentucky, and was chosen Speaker. 
In the following year occurred his duel 
with Humphrey Marshall. In 1809 he 
was again elected to the United States 
Senate for the unexpired term of Mr. 
Thurston, resigned. In 1811 he was 
elected a member of the House of Ee- 
presentatives, and was chosen Speaker, 
on the first day of his appearance in 
that body, and was five times' re-elected 



to this office. During this session, his 
eloquence aroused the country to resist 
the aggressions of Great Britain, and 
awakened a national spirit. In 1814, 
he was appointed one of the Commis- 
sioners to negotiate a treaty of peace at 
Ghent. Eeturning from this mission, 
he was re-elected to Congress, and in 
1818 he spoke in favor of recognizing 
the independence of the South American 
Eepublics. In the same year, he put 
forth his strength in behalf of a national 
system of internal improvements. A 
monument of stone, inscribed with his 
name, was erected on the Cumberland 
Eoad, to commemorate his services in 
behalf of that improvement. In the 
session of 1819-20, he exerted himself 
for the establishment of protection to 
American industry, and this was fol- 
lowed by services in adjusting the Mis- 
souri Compromise. After the settle- 
ment of these questions, he withdrew 
from Congress, in order to attend to 
his private affairs. In 1823 he returned 
to Congress, and was re-elected Speaker; 
and at this session he exerted himself in 
support of the independence of Greece. 
Under John Quincy Adams, he filled 
the office of Secretary of State ; the 
attack upon Mr. Adams's administra- 
tion, and especially upon the Secretary 
of State, by John Eandolph, led to a 
hostile meeting between him and Mr. 
Clay, which terminated without blood- 
shed. In 1829 he returned to Kentucky ; 
and in 1831 was elected to the United 
States Senate, where he commenced his 
labors in favor of the Tariff; in the 
same month of his reappearance in the 
Senate, he was unanimously nominated 
for President of the United States. In 
1836 he was re-elected to the Senate, 
where he remained until 1842, when he 
resigned, and took his final leave, as he 
supposed, of that body. In 1839 he was 
again nominated for the Presidency, 
but General Harrison was selected as 
the candidate. He also received the 
nomination, in 1844, for President, and 
was defeated in this election by Mr. 
Polk. He remained in retirement in 
Kentucky, until 1849, when he was re- 
elected to the Senate of the United 
States. Here he devoted all his ener- 
gies to the measures known as the Com- 
promise Acts. His efforts during this 
session impaired his strength, and he 
went for his health to Havana and 
New Orleans, but with no permanent 
advantage ; he returned to Washington, 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



83 



but was unable to participate in the 
active duties of the Senate, and resigned 
his seat, to take efiect upon the 6th of 
September, 1852. He died in Wash- 
ington Cit,y, June 29, 1852. He was 
interested in the success of the Coloni- 
zation Society, and was for a long time 
one of its most efficient officers, and also 
its President. His Life and Letters, 
and also his Speeches, were published 
in several volumes by the late Calvin 
Colton. 

Clay, Jatnes i?.— Born in Wash- 
ington City, November 9, 1817. He 
received his classical education at Tran- 
sylvania University, in Kentucky, and 
at the age of fifteen went to Boston, 
where he spent two years in a counting- 
house. From Boston he emigrated to 
St. Louis, Missouri, then a city of only 
eight thousand, and settled upon a farm ; 
and when twenty-one years of age, he 
returned to Kentucky. After spending 
two years in the manufacturing busi- 
ness, he graduated at the Law School of 
Lexington, and practised law as the 
partner of his father, the Honorable 
Henry Clay, until 1849 ; and during 
that year President Taylor appointed 
him Charg6 d' Affaires to Lisbon ; and 
having returned home by order of the 
Government, he was mentioned by 
name in President Fillmore's Message 
of 1850. In 1851 he again took up his 
residence in Missouri, but returned to 
Kentucky in 1853, when he became the 
proprietor of Ashland. He was elected 
to Congress in 1857, serving one term, 
and on tlie Committee on Foreign Rela- 
tions. He was also a member of the 
Peace Convention of 1861. held in 
Washington. Died in Montreal, Ja- 
nuary 26, 1864. 

Clay, Joseph. — He graduated at 
Princeton College in 1784; wasaEepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1803 to 1808 ; and died in 
1811. 

Clay, Matthew. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1797 to 1818. 

Clayton, Augiistin S. — Born in 

Fredericksburg, Virginia, November 
27, 1783, and died at his residence, in 
Athens, Georgia, June 21, 1839. He 
was educated at the University of Geor- 
gia; read law, and practised it with 



eminent success ; served in the State 
Legislature ; was appointed Judge of 
the Superior Court ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1831 to 1835. 
He was for many j'ears skeptical on the 
subject of the Christian religion, but at 
the time of his death was a sincere be- 
liever, and a member of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. He acquired some 
distinction as a politician, and the politi- 
cal pamphlet called " Crockett's Life of 
Van Buren," is said to have been the 
production of his pen. 

Clayton, John M. — Born in Sus- 
sex County, Delaware, July 24, 1796; 
graduated at Yale College in 1815; was 
bred to the bar, having studied law in 
the office of John Clayton, and for a 
time in the Law School at Litchfield, 
Connecticut. He commenced practice 
in 1818, and soon attained eminence in 
his profession. He was, in 1824, elected 
to the State Legislature, and subse- 
quently Secretary of State of Delaware; 
and in 1829 was chosen a Senator in 
Congress. He was re-elected in 1835, 
and resigned in December, 1836. In 
January, 1837, was appointed Chief 
Justice of Delaware, which office he re- 
signed in 1839. He was again elected 
to the Federal Senate in 1845, and was 
a Senator until 1849, when he became 
Secretary of State under President Tay- 
lor, which position he occupied until 
the death of Taylor, in July, 1850. 
During this period he negotiated the fa- 
mous Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. He was 
for the third time elected to the Senate, 
and took his seat March, 1851, and died 
a Senator, November 9, 1856. During 
his last term in the Senate, he vindi- 
cated, with marked ability, the princi- 
ples of the treaty which he inaugurated. 
At the bar he was a learned lawyer and 
an eloquent advocate ; and during his 
whole public career acquitted himself 
uprightly, with dignity and recognized 
ability. He had two sons, both of whom 
preceded him to the grave. 

Clayton, Joshua. — He was the 

Governor of Delaware from 1793 to 
1796, and was chosen a Senator of the 
United States in 1798, and died the fol- 
lowing year. 

Clayton, Thomas. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Dela- 
ware, from 1813 to "l817, and United 
States Senator from 1823 to 1826, and 



84 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



again from 1837 to 1847. He had been 
at different periods a member of the 
Delaware Legislature, Chief Justice of 
the Court of Common Pleas, and of the 
Superior Court. He died in Newcastle, 
Delaware, August 21, 1854, aged se- 
ventj'-six years. 

Cleaveland, J. F. — He was a Ee- 

presentative in Congress, from Georgia, 
from 1836 to 1839, but subsequently re- 
moved to Charleston, where he became 
a merchant, and died May 19, 1841. 

Clemens, Jeretniali. — He was 

born in Huntsville, Alabama, December 
28, 1814, and was educated at La Grange 
College, and the University of Alabama. 
He studied law at the University of 
Transylvania, in Kentucky, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1834. In 1838 
he was appointed United States At- 
torney for the Northern District of Ala- 
bama ; in 1839, 1840, and 1841 he was 
elected to the State Legislature ; in 1842 
raised a company of volunteer troops, 
and went to Texas, having been ap- 
pointed Lieutenant-Colonel, and subse- 
quently to the same office in the regular 
army ; in 1843 and 1844 he was again 
elected to the Legislature ; in 1844 served 
as a Presidential Elector ; in 1848 was 
appointed Governor of the Civil and 
Military Department of Purchase in 
Mexico, which position he held until 
the close of the war ; and he was a Se- 
nator in Congress, from Alabama, from 
1849 to 1853. He was also a Presiden- 
tial Elector in 1856. As an author Mr. 
Clemens has published two novels, en- 
titled "Bernard Lile," and "Mustang 
Gray," the first in 1853 and the last in 
1857. He was subsequently an editor. 

Clemens, Sherrard. — Born at 

Wheeling, Virginia, April 28, 1826; 
graduated at Washington College, Penn- 
sylvania ; a lawyer by profession ; and 
during political campaigns has held se- 
veral confidential positions in Ms native 
State ; and was elected a member of Con- 
gress, from December, 1852, to March, 
1853, and elected to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committees on 
Manufactures and Eevolutionary Pen- 
sions. In 1859 he was wounded in a 
duel fought with Mr. Wise, and was 
prevented from attending the second 
session of the Thirty-fifth Congress. 
He was re-elected to the Thirtv-sixth 



Congress, serving on the Committee on 
Commerce. 

Clements, Andretv tT. — Born in 

Jackson County, Tennessee, in 1832 ; 
received a common school education ; 
studied medicine, and graduated at the 
University of Tennessee in 1858, after 
which he practised his profession ; and 
in 1861 was elected a Eej^resentative, 
from Tennessee, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress. 

Clende}%en, David. — He was a Ee- 

presentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1815 to 1817. 

Cleveland, Chauncey F. — Born 

in Hampton, Connecticut, in 1799 ; was 
educated in the common schools of that 
vicinity ; studied law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1819 ; he was in the Con- 
necticut Legislature in 1826, 1827, 1828, 
1829, 1832, 1835, 1836, 1838, 1847, and 
1848, and twice elected Speaker. He 
was appointed Attorney for the State in 
1832 ; and was Governor of Connecticut 
in 1842 and 1843. He was a Kepresen- 
tative in Congress, from 1849 to 1853, 
and also a member of the Peace Con- 
gress of 1861. 

Clifford, Kathan. — He was born 
in Eumney, Grafton County, New 
Hampshire, August 18, 1803. He fitted 
for college at the Haverhill Academy, 
and completed his education at the 
Hampton Literary Institution. He stu- 
died law, and, after being admitted to 
the bar, removed to Maine in 1827. He 
was elected to the Legislature, from 
York County, in 1830, and re-elected 
for three years, during the last two oc- 
cupying the post of Speaker. In 1834 
he was appointed Attorney-General for 
the State of Maine, which oifice he held 
four years ; and he was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from 1839 to 1843. In 
1846 he was appointed, by President 
Polk, Attorney-General of the United 
States, which ofiice he held until March, 
1847, when he was appointed Commis- 
sioner to Mexico. . When peace was de- 
clared between this country and Mexico, 
he was appointed Minister to that Ee- 
public. On his return to the United 
States he settled in Portland, devoting 
himself to his profession ; and in 1858 
was appointed, by President Buchanan, 
an Associate Justice of the Supreme 
Court of the United States. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



85 



Clinch, I>uncan L. — Was a Ge- 
neral in the United States Army ; and 
from 1843 to 1845 a Kepresentative in 
Congress from Georgia. He was a brave 
soldier and noble-hearted man. Died at 
Macon, Georgia, October 28, 1849. 

Clingnian, TJiomas L. — Born in 

Huntsville, Surry County, North Caro- 
lina. He commenced his classical stu- 
dies under private instructors, and after- 
wards entered Chapel Hill University 
as a sophomore, where he graduated. 
After leaving Chapel Hill he studied 
law, and in a short time mastered the 
elementary principles of legal jurispru- 
dence ; but just as he was about to enter 
upon the practice of his profession, he 
was elected to the House of Commons 
of the State. On his retirement from 
the Legislature in 1836, he removed to 
Ashville, in Buncombe Countj^, where 
he still resides. He was soon after elected 
by a large vote to a seat in the State 
Senate of North Carolina. In 1843 he 
was elected to Congress, and with the 
exception of one term, he has been a 
member, until recently, of the House of 
Representatives ever since his first elec- 
tion, a period of about thirteen years. 
On entering the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
he was appointed Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Foreign Aflairs, and on the 
resignation of Senator Biggs, he was ap- 
pointed a Senator in Congress, and in 
November, 1858, his appointment was 
confirmed by an election by the Legis- 
lature. Though so long identified with 
politics, he has not neglected the pur- 
suits of literature and science, having 
made himself acquainted with the soil, 
climate, and manifold capabilities of his 
section of North Carolina ; and from 
time to time has given to the world the 
result of his observations upon these 
subjects. He has made contributions to 
the sciences of geology and mineralogy, 
and brought to light many facts con- 
nected with the mountains of North 
Carolina, one of the highest peaks of 
which it was his fortune to explore and 
measure, and which now bears his name. 
He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as 
a Colonel, having been expelled from 
the Senate in July, 1861. 

Clinton, De Witt. — Bom at Little 
Britain, in Orange County, New York, 
March 2, 1769. He graduated at Co- 
lumbia College, with the highest honors, 
in 1786. He studied law, but never en- 



much in its practice. He was 
elected to the Senate of New York in 
1799. In July, 1802, he fought a duel 
with Mr. Swartwout, arising from poli- 
tical controversy concerning Mr. Burr. 
He was a Senator of the United States 
from 1802 to 1803, and was chosen 
Mayor of New York in 1803, holding 
this oiBce until 1815, excepting the 
years 1807 and 1810. While he was 
Mayor, he was also for several years a 
State Senator, and the Lieutenant- 
Governor. Under his auspices, also, the 
Historical Society of New York and the 
Academy of Fine Arts were incorpo- 
rated, the New York City Hall was 
founded, the Orphan Asylum estab- 
lished, and the city fortified. He took 
a great interest, as early as 1817, in, 
and did more than any other man in 
behalf of, the Erie Canal, and that great 
work was finished during his adminis- 
tration as Governor, in 1825. In 1812 
he consented to become the candidate 
of the Peace party for the Presidency of 
the United States. In 1823 and 1824 
he was President of the Board of Canal 
Commissioners, and during the latter 
year was elected Governor of the State, 
and in 1826 was re-elected to the same 
ofiice ; he afterwards declined the em- 
bassy to England, oifered to him by 
President Adams. He died at Albany, 
February 11, 1828. 

Clinton, George. — Born in Ulster 
County, New York, July 26, 1739, and 
died at Washington City, April 20, 
1812. He commenced life by sailing in 
a privateer ; served as a Lieutenant in 
the expedition against Fort Frontenac ; 
he afterwards studied law ; was a mem- 
ber of the Colonial Assembly, and also 
of the Provincial Congress in 1775; he 
was appointed a Brigadier-General in 
1777 ; was Governor of New York for 
eighteen years ; from 1795 to 1800 he 
lived in retirement ; was again chosen 
Governor in 1804 ; and having been 
elected Vice-President of the United 
States during the last year, he retained 
the oflSce until his death, consequently 
officiating as President of the Senate a 
period of eight years. 

Clinton, George, Jr. — He was 

born in New York ; was a member of 
the New York Assembly in 1801 and 
1802 ; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1804 to 
1809. 



86 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Clinton, James G. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from New York, from 

1841 to 1845. 

Clopton, David. — Born in Geor- 
gia in 1820, and elected a Kepresenta- 
tive, from Alabama, to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Public Expenditures. 
Resigned in February, 1861, to take 
part in the Eebellion of that year. 

Clopton, tfohn. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1795 to 1799, and again from 1801 
to 1816. Died September 11, 1816. 

Clowney, W. K. — He was born in 
South Carolina ; graduated at the South 
Carolina College in 1818 ; adopted the 
profession of law ; was Commissioner in 
Equity of South Carolina ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1833 to 1835, and again from 
1887 to 1839. 

Clymer, George. — He was born in 
Philadelphia in 1739, and was a patriot 
of the Revolution. He engaged in 
mercantile pursuits, and early espoused 
the cause of his country. In 1773 he 
resolutely opposed the sale of tea sent 
out by the British Government, and 
not a pound was sold in Philadelphia. 
In 1775 he was one of the first Conti- 
nental Treasurers. In 1776 he was a 
member of Congress, and signed the 
Declaration of Independence. In 1774 
his furniture was destroyed by the 
enemy. In 1780 he co-operated with 
Robert Morris in the establishment of 
a bank for the relief of the country. He 
was a member of the old Congress in 
1780, and a Representative, under the 
Constitution, from 1789 to 1791. In 
1791 he was placed at the head of the 
Excise Department in Pennsylvania. 
In 1796 he was sent to Georgia to nego- 
tiate a treaty with the Creek and Che- 
rokee Indians. He was afterwards 
President of the Philadelphia Bank and 
of the Academy of Fine Arts. He died 
at Morrisville, Bucks County, January 
23, 1813. 

Cohb," Atnasa. — Born in Crawford 
County, Illinois, September 27, 1823 ; 
received a common school education ; 
emigrated to Wisconsin Territory in 

1842 ; spent five years in the lead min- 



ing business, and served in the Mexican 
war as a private soldier, during which 
time he occasionally read law, and at 
the end of the war he began to practice 
the legal profession. In 1850 he was 
elected a District Attorney, and served 
four years ; in 1854 was elected to the 
State Senate, and served two years ; in 
1855 he was appointed Adjutant-Gene- 
ral of the State, and again in 1857 ; 
was elected to the State Legislature in 
1860; re-elected in 1861, and chosen 
Speaker; in 1862 he served in the 
volunteer service as Colonel of the Fifth 
Wisconsin regiment, and was elected a 
Representative, from Wisconsin, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on the Militia, 
and Chairnaan of the Joint Committee 
on Enrolled Bills. 

Cobb, David. — He graduated at 
Princeton College in 1783 ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, from 1793 to 1795; and was 
also a member of the State Legislature. 
He died April 17, 1830. 

Cobb, George T. — He was born in 

New Jersey, and elected a Representa- 
tive, from that State, to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Invalid Pensions. 

Cobb. Howell,— The uncle of Sec- 
retary Cobb, and for whom he was 
named, was born in Granville, North 
Carolina, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Georgia, from 1807 to 
1812. During the last war with Eng- 
land he served with credit as a Captain 
in the army, and after peace was de- 
clared he settled upon a plantation, and 
devoted his whole attention to agricul- 
ture. He died about the year 1820. 

Cobb, Hoivell. — He was born at 
Cherry Hill, in Jefferson County, Geor- 
gia, September 7, 1815. When a child, 
his father removed to Athens, Georgia, 
where he has since resided. He gra- 
duated at Franklin College in 1834 ; he 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1836 ; in 1837 he received the 
appointment of Solicitor-General of the 
Western Circuit, which he held four 
years ; and he was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress in 1842, having been 
re-elected in 1844, 1846, and 1848, and 
during his latter term he was elected 
Speaker. On his retirement from Con- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



87 



gress, he was chosen Governor of Geor- 
gia ; in 1856 he was again elected to 
Congress ; and on the accession of Mr. 
Buchanan to the Presidency, Governor 
Cohb went into his Cabinet as Secretary 
of the Treasury. He took a prominent 
part in the Kebellion of 1861, and was 
a member of the so-called Confederate 
Congress, and a Brigadier-General. 

Cobb, TJiomas W. — He was born 
in Columbia County, Georgia, in 1784, 
and attained a high position as a lawyer. 
He was a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from Georgia, from 1817 to 1821, and 
again from 1823 to 1824 ; and he was a 
Senator in Congress from 1824 to 1828. 
He was subsequently chosen a Judge of 
the Superior Court, and died at Greens- 
borough, February 1, 1830. He was the 
author of many political Essays. 

Cobb, Williamson R. W. — He 

was born in Kay County, Tennessee, in 
1807, and in 1809 his father removed to 
Madison County, Alabama, with the 
prosperity of which State his name has 
been identified for many years. He 
received a good common school educa- 
tion, and then turned his attention to 
farming. From this pursuit he was 
called, in 1845, to a seat in the State 
Legislature, where he remained two 
j'ears. In 1847 he was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Alabama, 
in which capacity he served his adopted 
State, by successive re-eleclions, down 
to 1860. During eight years of his 
Congressional career, he has officiated 
as Chairman of the Committee on Un- 
finished Business, and the balance of the 
time as Chairman of the Committee on 
Public Lands. The credit is awarded 
to him of having engineered through 
Congress the Bounty Land Bill of 1850, 
and the Graduation Bill of 1854. 

Coburn, Stephen. — He was born 
in Maine, and in January, 1861, was 
elected a Representative, from that State, 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, for the 
unexpired term of Israel Washburn, Jr. , 
resigned. 

Cochran, James, — He was a Ma- 
jor of militia, and represented the State 
of New York in Congress, from 1797 to 
1799. He died at Oswego, New York, 
November 7, 1848, aged seventy-nine 
years. He was at one time Post-mas- 
ter of Oswego. 



Cochrane, Clark JB. — Born in 
New Boston, New Hampshire, May 31, 
1815; graduated at Union College, Sche- 
nectady, New Y''ork ; a lawyer by pro- 
fession ; member of the New York Legis- 
lature in 1843 and 1844 ; and a Repre- 
sentative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
from New York, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Expenditures in the War De- 
partment. He was also re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Private 
Land Claims. He was also a Delegate 
to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. 

Cochrane, JTohn. — Born at Pala- 
tine, Montgomery County, New Y''ork ; 
studied at Union College and graduated 
at Hamilton College, New Y''ork ; is a 
lawyer by profession ; was Surveyor of 
the port of New Y''ork for four years, 
and elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
acting as Chairman of the Committee 
on Commerce. He was also re-elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committee on Com.- 
merce. Also served as a General of 
volunteers in the Union army in 1861-2. 
In 1864 he was nominated for the office 
of Vice-President of the United States, 
on the ticket with J. C. Fremont. 

CocTxC, John. — He was born in 
Brunswick County, Virginia, in 1772 ; 
in earlj life he emigrated to Tennessee, 
adopted the profession of law, and be- 
came a member of the first Legislature 
of the State, in 1796 ; he was Speaker of 
the House for many years, and also a 
member of the Senate. From 1819 to 
1827 he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from his adopted State. He died 
in Grundy County, Tennessee, Febru- 
ary 16, 1854. 

Cocke, William. — He was born in 
Virginia, participated in the military, 
civil, legislative, and judicial services 
of that State ; and on removing to 
Tennessee, became a General of militia; 
served in the State Legislature in 1813; 
became one of the Judges of the Circuit 
Court ; and was a Senator in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1796 to 1797, and 
again from 1799 to 1805; and was ap- 
pointed in 1814, by President Madison, 
Indian Agent for the Chickasaw na- 
tion. 

Cocke, William Jif.— He was born 
in Tennessee, and was a Representative 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



in Congress, from that State, from 1845 
to 1847, and for a second term, ending 
in 1849. 

Cockerell, Josepli _R.— He was 

born in Virginia, and, having removed 
to Ohio, was elected a Kepresentative 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a 
member of the Committees on Public 
Expenditures and Expenses in the War 
Department. 

Cochran, James. — A Kepresen- 
tative in Congress, from North Caro- 
lina, from 1809 to 1813. 

Coffee, tfoh'n.—S.e was a member 
of Congress, from G-eorgia, from 1833 to 
1837, and died in Telfair County, of 
that State, September 25, 1836. 

Coffin, Charles G. — He was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1838 to 1839. 

Coffin, Peleg. — He was born Sep- 
tember, 1756, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 
1793 to 1795. He served a number of 
years in the State Senate, and was State 
Treasurer from 1797 to 1802. Died 
March 6, 1805. 

Coffroth, A. H. — Born in Somer- 
set, Somerset County, Pennsylvania, 
May 18, 1828 ; was self-educatea ; read 
law and commenced the practice in 1851 ; 
was a delegate to the Charleston Con- 
vention in 1860, and was elected a Re- 
presentative, from Pennsylvania, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, and served on 
the Committees on Revolutionary Pen- 
sions, and on Expenditures in the Inte- 
rior Department. 

Coit, Joshua, — Born in New Lon- 
don, Connecticut, October 7, 1758 ; 
graduated at Harvard University in 
1776 ; he studied law and settled in New 
London in 1779 ; and he was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1793 to 1798. 
He also served a number of years in the 
Legislature of Connecticut. Died in 
New London, September 5, 1798, of- 
yellow fever. 

Coke, Michard. — He was a lawyer 
by profession, and possessed talents of 
a high order, and an energy seldom 
equalled. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from Virginia, from 1829 to 



1833, and for many years a prominent 
member of the bar. He died in Abing- 
don, Virginia, March 30, 1851. 

Colcock, William F. — He was 

born in South Carolina ; graduated at 
the South Carolina College in 1823 ; 
adopted the profession of law ; was a 
member of the State Legislature, and 
Speaker of the House ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1849 to 1853. 

Colden, Cadtvallader D. — He 

was for many years a prominent mem- 
. ber of the New York bar ; served also 
in the Legislature of that State ; held 
the post of District Attorney of the 
United States for many years ; was at 
one time Mayor of New York ; and a 
member of Congress, from 1821 to 1823. 
He was an early and intimate friend of 
Robert Pulton, and wrote his biogra- 
phy ; he was highly respected for his 
talents and virtues, and died in Jersey 
City, New Jersey, February 7, 1834, 
aged sixty-five years. 

Cole, Cornelius. — Born in Lodi, 
New York, September 17, 1822; bred 
to the business of a farmer ; graduated at 
the Wesleyan University in Connecti- 
cut ; adopted the profession of law ; 
emigrated to California in 1849, and 
mined for gold one year ; subsequently 
prosecuted his profession in San Eran- 
cisco and Sacramento ; was District At- 
torney at the latter place for two years ; 
and in 1863 he was elected a Represen- 
tative, from California, to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Post-otSces and Post-roads. 
From 1856 to 1860 he was a member of 
the National Republican Committee, 
and during the Presidential campaign 
of 1860 was the editor of a newspaper 
in California. 

Cole, George E. — Was born- in 
Oneida County, New York, December 
23, 1826 ; went to Iowa in 1849; crossed 
the plains to California in 1850, and 
went to Oregon the same year ; was a 
member of the Oregon Legislature in 
1851, 1852, and 1853; during the years 
1859 and 1860 he was Clerk of the Uni- 
ted States District Court for Oregon ; 
removed to Washington Territory in 
1861 ; and in 1863 he was elected a De- 
legate from Washington Territory to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



89 



Cole, Orsamtts. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from Wisconsin, from 1849 
to 1851. 

Coleman, Nicholas D. — He was 

a Kepresentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1829 to 1831, and was in 
that year appointed Postmaster at Mays- 
ville, Kentucky. 

Coles, Isaac. — He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Virginia, from 
1789 to 1791, and again from 1793 to 
1797. 

Coles, Walter.— B.e was born in 
Virginia, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 
1845. 

Colfax, Schuyler. — Born in New 
York City, March 23, 1823 ; received a 
good common school education ; was 
bred a printer, and settled in Indiana 
in 1836. He has been the editor and 
publisher of the South Bend Register 
ever since he became of age ; was a 
member, in 1850, of the Indiana Con- 
stitutional Convention ; in 1848 and 
1852 he was a Delegate to the Whig 
National Convention of those years, and 
the Secretary of each Convention. He 
was elected a Representative, from In- 
diana, to the Thirty-fourth Congress, 
and was re-elected to each successive 
Congress, including the Thirty-eighth, 
serving during two of his terms as 
Chairman of the Committee on Post- 
offices and Post-roads. He is also a 
Regent of the Smithsonian Institution ; 
was elected Speaker of the Thirty -eighth 
Congress. 

Collamer, Jacoh. — He was born 
in Troy, New York, in 1792, but when 
a child removed with his father to Bur- 
lington, Vermont. He graduated at 
the University of Vermont in 1810; 
served as a subaltern during the lirst 
campaign of the last war with England ; 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1813 ; practised the profession 
until 1833, during which time he was 
for several years a member of the State 
Legislature; and from 1833 to 1841 he 
was Judge of the Supreme Court of 
Vermont. In 1843 he took his seat as 
a Representative in Congress, from Ver- 
mont, serving bj' re-elections until 1849 ; 
in March of that year he was appointed 



Postmaster-General in the cabinet of 
President Taylor ; resigned in 1850, 
with the rest of the cabinet, on the death 
of the President ; and was soon after- 
wards reappointed on the Supreme 
Bench of his State, which office he held 
until 1854, when he was elected a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Vermont, for six 
years, from 1855 ; and in 1861 he was 
re-elected for the term ending in 1867, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on Post-offices and Post-roads, also 
that on the Library, and as a member 
of several other important committees. 
He received the degree of LL.D. from 
the University of Vermont, and from 
Dartmouth College, New Hampshire. 

Collier, John A. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1831 to 1838. 

Collin, John F. — Born in Hills- 
dale, Columbia County, New York, 
April 30, 1802. He received a common 
school education, and has devoted him- 
self to agricultural pursuits. He served 
in the State Legislature in 1834, was a 
member, for some years, of the County 
Board of Supervisors, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1845 to 1847. 

Collins, Ela. — Born in Meriden, 
Connecticut, February 14, 1786; studied 
law and commenced practice in Oneida 
County, New York ; was for twenty 
years a District Attorney, displaying 
ability as an advocate ; and during the 
latter part of his life devoted much at- 
tention to farming. He commanded a 
regiment of militia near Sackett's Har- 
bor, New York, in 1814; represented 
Lewis County in the Legislature of the 
State, and in 1821 was a member of the 
State Constitutional Convention ; he 
was in Congress, from 1823 to 1825; and 
died at Lowville, Lewis County, No- 
vember, 23, 1848. 

Collins, John. — Governor of Rhode 
Island, from 1786 to 1789, succeeding 
William Greene. He was a patriot of 
the Revolution, and a Representative 
in Congress in 1789. He died at New- 
port, in March, 1795, aged seventy- 
eight. 

Collins, William. — He was the 

son of Ela, and born in Oneida County, 
New York, and was a Representative 



90 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



in Congress, from that State, from 1847 
to 1849. He studied law, and was Dis- 
trict Attorney for Lewis County, until 
he removed to Cleveland, Ohio. 

Colquit, Alfred H. — He was a na- 
tive of Georgia, and a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1853 
to 1855. 

Colquitt, W. T. — He was born in 
Halifax County, Virginia, December 
27, 1799 ; was educated at Princeton 
College, and admitted to the bar in 
1820. He was a Brigadier-General of 
militia at the age of twenty -one ; in 
1826 was appointed a District Judge, 
and held the first court ever held in Co- 
lumbus ; was appointed to the same 
office in 1829 ; was a member of the 
State Senate in 1834 and 1837; a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Georgia, 
from 1839 to 1843, and a Senator in 
Congress from 1843 to 1849. He was 
also a member of the Nashville Conven- 
tion in 1850; and he died at Macon, 
Georgia, May 7, 1855. 

Colston, Edward. — Born in Berke- 
ley County, Virginia, in 1788, and gra- 
duated at Princeton College in 1806. 
He served for a long time as magistrate 
of the county, and in the capacity of 
High Sheriff ; was frequently a member 
of the State Legislature ; and was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress from 1817 to 
1819. He died April 23, 1851. 

Comegys, Joseph P. — Son of Cor- 
nelius P. Comegys, formerly Governor 
of the State of Delaware ; was born in 
St. Jones's Neck, at Cherbourg, near 
Dover, Delaware, December 29, 1813 ; 
was educated at Dover Academy. In 
May, 1831, entered the office of J. M. 
Clayton as a student of law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1835. Elected a 
member of the House of Eepresenta- 
tives of the State in 1842 and 1848. In 
January, 1851, was appointed by the 
General Assembly one of a committee 
of three to revise the statutes of the 
State. In November, 1856, was chosen 
by the Governor to fill the vacancy in 
the United States Senate occasioned by 
the death of John M. Clayton. 

Coining, Linus £.— Born in Charl- 
ton, Massachusetts, in 1817; graduated 
at the " Worcester County Manual La- 
bor High School;" and has devoted 



himself to mercantile business, and to 
manufacturing. He was of the Kox- 
bury City Council in 1846, and in 1847 
and 1848 President of the Council ; in 
1854 he was Mayor of Eoxbury ; and 
having been, soon after, elected to Con- 
gress, continued in that position to the 
close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serv- 
ing on the Committee on Commerce. 

Comstock, Olivei^ C. — He was a 

member of the New York Assembly in 
1810 and 1812, and a Kepresentative in 
Congress, fronr that State, from 1813 to 
1819. 

Condict, John. — He was born in 
1755 ; was a soldier and surgeon during 
the Eevolutionary war ; he was a mem- 
ber of the New Jersey Legislature for 
several years ; a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1799 to 
1803 ; a Senator in Congress, from 1803 
to 1817 ; and again a Eepresentative 
during the years 1819 and 1820. He 
died May 4, 1834. 

Condict, Leivis. — Born at Morris- 
town, New Jersey, in March, 1773, and 
was a physician of eminence. From 
1805 to 1810 he was a member of the 
New Jersey Legislature, the two latter 
years officiating as S]Deaker ; in 1807 
was a Commissioner for settling the 
boundary between New York and New 
Jersey ; and he was a Eepresentative in 
Congress from 1811 to 1817, and from 
1821 to 1833. He was also at one time 
Sheriff of Morris County, and died at 
Morristown, New Jersey, May 26, 1862. 

Condict, Silas. — Born in New Jer- 
sey in 1777; was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from New Jersey, from 1831 
to 1833. He was a member of the Con- 
vention which formed the State Consti- 
tution of 1844 ; for many years Presi- 
dent of the Newark Banking Company ; 
and was frequently elected to the Legis- 
lature of New Jersey. Died at Newark, 
New Jersey, November 29, 1861. 

Conger, Harmon S, — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1847 to 1851. His native 
State was Connecticut. 

Conger, James L. — He was born 
in New Jersey, and, on removing to 
Michigan, was elected a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from 1851 to 1853. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



91 



Conklhig, Alfred. — He was a Ee- 

presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1821 to 1823, and was sub- 
sequently appointed a Judge of the 
United States District Court for New 
York. In 1852 he was appointed Minis- 
ter to Mexico. 

ConMing, Frederick A. — He 

was born in Montgomery County, New 
York, August 22, 1816; was bred a mer- 
chant, and has followed that occupation 
in the city of New York ; was a member 
of the Assembly of New York in 1854, 
1859, and 1860; and was elected a Ke- 
presentative, from New York, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Naval 
Affairs. 

Conkling, Moscoe. — Was born in 
Albany in 1828 ; received a good educa- 
tion ; adopted the profession of law ; in 
1849 he was appointed District Attor- 
ney for Oneida County ; in 1858 he was 
elected Maj^or of Utica, to which place 
he had removed in 1846 ; and at the 
close of 1858 he was elected a Eepresen- 
tative, from New York, to th-e Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving as a member 
of the Committee on the District of 
Columbia. Ee-elected to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving as Chair- 
man of the Committee on a Bankrupt 
Law, and also as Chairman of that on 
the District of Columbia. 

Conner, Henry W. — Born in 
Prince George County, Virginia, in 
August, 1793; educated at the Univer- 
sity of South Carolina, where he gra- 
duated in 1812 ; in 1814 he was aide-de- 
camp to General Joseph Graham in the 
Creek war ; was a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from North Carolina, from 
1821 to 1841, when he declined a re- 
election ; and having, in 1848, served in 
the General Assembly, he also declined 
a re-election to that office, and retired 
to private life. 

Conner, Samuel S. — He was born 
in New Hampshire ; graduated at Yale 
College in 1806 ; was a Lieutenant- 
Colonel in the United States Army in 
1812 (18th Infantry); was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1815 to 1817. He also held the 
office of Surveyor-General in Ohio in 
1819. He died at Covington, Kentucky, 
December 17, 1820. 



Conness, John. — He was born in 
Ireland in 1819, but came to this coun- 
try when ten years of age ; was among 
the first emigrants to California, where 
he became engaged in mining and mer- 
cantile pursuits. In 1854 he was elected 
to the State Legislature, and was re- 
elected two or three times. In 1859 he 
was elected to the State Senate ; and in 
1868 he was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress, from California, for the term end- 
ing in 1869, servijig on the Committee 
on Finance. 

Conrad, Charles M. — He was 

born in Winchester, Virginia, and when 
an infant went with his father, first to 
Mississippi, and then to Louisiana, 
where he has since resided. In 1828 he 
was admitted to the bar in New Or- 
leans ; served a number of years in the 
State Legislature ; was a Senator in 
Congress in 1842 and 1843 ; was a mem- 
ber of the State Constitutional Conven- 
tion in 1844 ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from Louisiana, from 1849 to 
August, 1850, when he became Secre- 
tary of War under President Fillmore. 
Served in the Southern Rebellion as a 
Brigadier-General. 

Conrad, Frederick. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1803 to 1807. 

Conrad, John. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1813 to 1815. 

Constable, Albert. — He was born 
in Maryland, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1845 
to 1847. 

Contee, Benjafnin, — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1789 to 1791. 

Comvay, Henry W. — He was 

born in Greene County, Tennessee, and 
was a Delegate to Congress, from the 
Territory of Arkansas, from 1823 to 
1829. 

Comvay, Martin F. — Was born 
in Charleston, South Carolina, about 
the year 1830 ; removed to Baltimore in 
his fourteenth year ; was bred a printer ; 
followed that business for a time, and 
took part in originating the National 
Typographical Union. He subsequently 



92 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



studied law and practised for several 
years ; went to Kansas in 1854, and was 
elected to the Council of the first Terri- 
torial Legislature. Under the Topeka 
Convention he was chosen Chief Justice 
of the Supreme Court. In 1856 he was 
President of the Leavenworth Consti- 
tutional Convention ; and in 1859 he 
was elected a Kepresentative, from Kan- 
sas, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Indian 
Affairs. 

Cook, Daniel P. — He was born in 
Scott County, Kentucky, and was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from Illinois, 
from 1820 to 1827, and filled with great 
ability the post of Chairman of the Com- 
mittee of Ways and Means. By such 
men as Mr. Calhoun and Judge McLean 
he was considered a man of remarkable 
talents. He died at the age of thirty- 
two years in October, 1827. 

Cooh, E. Hates. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1831 to 1833. At one time he held 
the ofiice of Comptroller of New York. 
Died in 1841. 

Cook, John B. — He was born in 
New York, and on taking up his resi- 
dence in Iowa, was elected a Kepresen- 
tative in Congress, from 1853 to 1855. 

Cook, Orchard. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1805 to 1811. He was a mer- 
chant by occupation, and for some years 
Sheriff of Lincoln County. 

Cook, Thomas B.—He was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1811 to 1813, and a member 

of the Assembly of that State in 1838 
and 1839. 

Cook, Zadock. — Born in 1769 ; was 
frequently in the Legislature of Georgia ; 
and a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
1817 to 1819. His memory is said to 
have been remarkable, as he could, after 
reading a chapter in the Bible, repeat 
the same from beginning to end. In 
1854 he was still living. 

Cooke, Eleutheros. — Born in 
Granville, Washington County, New 
York, December 25, 1787. He received 
a liberal education, and having studied 
law, practised it with success both in 



New York and Ohio, until 1830. He 
was a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1831 to 1833; served for 
many years in the Legislature of that 
State, before and after entering Con- 
gress ; and though ostensibly living in 
retirement, he has been for many years, 
and is still, very frequently called upon 
to address the citizens of Ohio on topics 
of a varied nature, on account of his 
popularity as an orator. 

Cooke, Joseph I*. — He was born 

in 1730; graduated at Yale College in 
1750 ; was a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1811 to 1813, and 
died at Danbury, Connecticut, in 1816. 

Cooper, George ^.^Born at Long 
Hill, Morris County, New Jersey, June 
6, 1808 ; received a good common school 
education ; removed to Michigan in 
1830 ; served in the two houses of the 
State Legislature ; served two terms as 
State Treasurer of Michigan ; held the 
position of Postmaster at Jackson for 
eleven years, which he resigned when 
chosen Treasurer ; and was elected a 
Kepresentative, from Michigan, to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress. His seat, how- 
ever, was contested by William A. How- 
ard, and before the close of the first ses- 
sion the latter was admitted. 

Cooper, Jatnes. — He was born in 
Frederick County, Maryland, May 8, 
1810. He commenced his education at 
the common schools of the county, spent 
some little time at St. Mary's College, 
and graduated at Washington College, 
Pennsylvania. He studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in Pennsylvania in 
1834 ; was elected a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, in 1888, 
and re-elected in 1840; in 1843 he was 
elected to the State Legislature, and re- 
elected in 1844, 1846, and 1848, serving 
in 1847 as Speaker ; in 1848 he was ap- 
pointed Attorney-General of Pennsyl- 
vania, and in 1849 was chosen a Senator 
in Congress for the term of six years. 
During his service in Congress his health 
was feeble, so that he could not partici- 
pate in the debates of the Senate to the 
extent that he desired, and on his return 
to Pennsylvania, settled in Philadel- 
phia. He subsequently became a Briga- 
dier-General in the army, and died at 
Cincinnati, Ohio, March 1, 1863. 

Cooper, Mark A. — He was born 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



93 



in Georgia, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 
1841, and again from 1842 to 1843. 

Cooper, Richard 31. — Born in 
Gloucester County, New Jersey ; was a 
member of the Society of Friends ; and 
was a Eeprescntative in Congress, from 
New Jersey, from 1829 to 1833. He 
also served in the Legislature, and was 
President of the State Bank at Camden. 
Died March 10, 1844, aged seventy-six 
years. 

Cooper, Thomas. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Dela- 
ware, from 1813 to 1817. 

Cooiter, Thomas JB. — He was horn 
in Cooperstown, Lehigh County, Penn- 
sylvania, December 29, 1823 ; was edu- 
cated at Pennsylvania College at Get- 
tysburg, and also at the University of 
Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 
1843; and having adopted the profession 
of a physician, he was successful therein. 
He was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, for the term 
ending in 1863, but died at Cooperstown, 
April 4, 1862, during the second session 
of the Thirty-seventh Congress. 

Cooper, William. — Born in Ncav 
Jersey ; and having removed to Otsego 
County, New York, became the founder 
of Cooperstown. He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1795 to 1797, and again from 1799 
to 1801. He was the father of the emi- 
nent author, James Fenimore Cooper. 

Cooper, W. R. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Jersey, 
from 1839 to 1841. 

Corning, Erastus. — Born in Nor- 
wich, Connecticut, December 14, 1794. 
When thirteen years of age he went to 
Troy, New York, and entered the hard- 
ware store of his uncle Benjamin Smith, 
the bulk of whose property he subse- 
quently inherited. In 1814 he removed 
to Albany, and continued in the same 
business, establishing the well-known 
house, still in existence, of Erastus Corn- 
ing & Co. His first public position was 
that of Alderman of the City of Al- 
bany ; from that he was promoted to 
Mayor, which office he held for three 
years. He was also for several years an 
influential railroad, bank, and canal 



company President ; for several terms 
a member of the State Legislature ; and 
was elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Naval AfiFairs. In 1860 
he was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving on the Committee of 
Ways and Means ; and was also a mem- 
ber of the Peace Congress of 1861. Re- 
elected in 1862 to "the Thirty-eighth 
Congress. 

Cortvin, Moses B.—He was born 
in Bourbon County, Kentucky, January 
5, 1790; spent his boyhood on a farm in 
Ohio ; received a good education ; stu- 
died law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1812. In 1838 and 1839 he was elected 
to the Legislature ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1849 to 1855, serving as a member of the 
Committee on the Post-office Depart- 
ment. 

Corwiu, Thomas. — Born in Bour- 
bon County, Kentucky, July 29, 1794. 
Rising from humble life, he became dis- 
tinguished as a lawj'^er, having come to 
the bar in 1817 ; was elected to the Ohio 
Legislature in 1822, and afterwards a 
Representative to Congress, from the 
Warren District, in 1831. He continued 
a member of the House until 1840 ; was 
a Presidential Elector in 1840, when he 
was chosen Governor of Ohio, in Octo- 
ber of that year. He was Governor but 
two years, Wilson Shannon succeeding 
him in 1842. The Whigs having a ma- 
jority in the Legislature of Ohio in 
1845, elected him United States Senator, 
which office he held till his appointment 
in the cabinet, in 1850, as Secretary of 
the Treasury, under President Fillmore. 
He was long known in Congress as an 
advocate of the Whig measures of policy. 
As a stump speaker and before a jury, 
his eloquence is singularly effective. In 
October, 1858, he was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congre-ss, from Ohio, for 
the term commencing in 1859; and 
during that year a volume of his 
Speeches was published. He was Chair- 
man of the Committee on Foreign Af- 
fairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, but in 1861 was appointed by 
President Lincoln Minister to Mexico! 

Cotteral, J. L. T. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ala- 
bama, from 1846 to 1847. 



94 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Cotttnan, J'oseph S. — Born in 
Somerset County, Maryland, August 
16, 1803; received a classical education; 
admitted to the bar in 1826; served in 
the Maryland Legislature ; was a Pre- 
sidential Elector in 1849 ; and a mem- 
ber of Congress, from 1851 to 1853. 
Died in Somerset County, Maryland, 
in 1863. 

Cotilter, Richard, — He attained 
eminence as a lawyer, and was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva,- 
nia, from 1827 to 1835, and died in 
Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, 
April 21, 1852. At the time of his 
death, he was Judge of the Supreme 
Court of Pennsylvania. 

Covington, Leonard. — He was 

born at Aquasco, Prince George County, 
Maryland, October 30, 1768. In 1793 
he obtained, from G-eneral Washington, 
the commission of Lieutenant of dra- 
goons, and joined the army under Gene- 
ral Wayne ; he distinguished himself at 
Port Recovery and the battle of Miami, 
and was honorably mentioned in the 
ofBcial report of General Wayne. After 
the war he was promoted to the rank 
of Captain, by Washington, in 1794, 
and retired to the pursuits of agricul- 
ture. He was for many years a mem- 
ber of the Legislature of Maryland, and 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1805 to 
1807. He was appointed, by President 
Jefferson, in 1809, Lieutenant-Colonel 
of a regiment of cavalry, and in 1810 
was in command at Fort Adams, on the 
Mississippi, and took possession of Ba- 
ton Rouge, and a portion of West Flo- 
rida. In 1813 he was ordered to the 
northern frontier, and appointed, by 
President Madison, Brigadier-General. 
At the battle of Williamsburg, he re- 
ceived a mortal wound while animating 
his men, and leading them to the charge, 
and died at French Mills, November 
13, 1813, two days after his fall. His 
remains were removed to Sackett's Har- 
bor, August 13, 1820, and the place of 
his burial is now known as Mount 
Covington. He had the reputation of 
being one of the best officers in the 



Covode, tfohn. — Born in West- 
moreland County, Peniisylvania, March 
17, 1808; a farmer and manufacturer 
by occupation ; and extensively engaged 



in the coal business. He was elected a 
member of the Thirty-fourth and re- 
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Public 
Expenditures. He was also re-elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was 
made Chairman of a Special Committee 
appointed to investigate certain charges 
made against President Buchanan and 
his administration. Re-elected to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as 
Chairman of the Committee on Public 
Expenditures. 

Cotvan, Edgar. — He was born in 
Greensburg, Pennsylvania, and adopted 
the profession of law ; and he was elect- 
ed a Senator in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, for the term ending in 1869, 
serving on the Committee on Foreign 
Relations, and as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Patents and the Patent-office. 

Cotven, JBenjaniin S. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1841 to 1848. 

Coivles, Hem'y B. — Born at Hart- 
ford, Connecticut, March 18, 1798 ; 
when eleven years old he removed to 
Dutchess County, New York, with his 
father ; and graduated at Union College 
in 1816. He studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1819 ; in 1826, 1827, 
and 1828, he served as a member of the 
New York Legislature, from Putnam 
County, and during his first term was 
Chairman of the Select Committee 
raised to investigate the ' ' Astor Claim ; ' ' 
and he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1829 to 
1831. In 1834 he took up his residence 
in the city of New York, where he 
continues in the practice of his profes- 



Cox, Anleder M. — He was born in 
Virginia, and removing to Kentucky, 
was elected a Representative, from that 
State, to the Thirty-third and Thirty- 
fourth Congresses. 

CoQC, tTames. — He was a native of 
Monmouth County, New Jersey, hav- 
ing been born in 1753 ; several years a 
member of the State Legislature, and 
Speaker of the Assembly ; commanded 
a company of militia in the Revolution, 
having been engaged in the battles of 
Germantown and Monmouth ; was sub- 
sequently a Brigadier-General of mili- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



95 



tia; and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, durinsj the 
years 1809 and 1810. Died September 
12, 1810. 

Cox, Sanniel S. — He was born in 
Zanesville, Ohio ; graduated at Brown 
Universitj' ; adopted the profession of 
law, and was also an editor in Ohio. 
He was appointed Secretary of Legation 
to Peru in 1855; and elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-fifth 
and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as 
Chairman of the Committee on Revolu- 
tionary Chiims. As an author, he pub- 
lished a book of foreign travel, called 
" The Buckeye Abroad, ' ' and on literary 
topics is an occasional lecturer. He 
was elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs, and was re-elected to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
the same Committee. He is also a Re- 
gent of the Smithsonian Institution ; 
and was a Delegate to the Chicago Con- 
vention in 1864. 

Coxe, William, — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Jersey, 
from 1813 to 1815; served in the State 
Legislature, and was chosen Speaker of 
the Assembly ; and died at Burlington. 

Crabby George W. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Alabama, from 1839 
to 1841. 

Crcibb, Jeremiah.— He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1795 to 1796. 

Cradlebaugh, John. — He was 

born in Ohio, ancl elected a Delegate, 
from the Territory of Nevada, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress. 

Crafts, Samuel C. — He was born 
in "Windham County, Connecticut; and 
graduated at Harvard University in 
1790. His father effected the settlement 
of Craftsbury, Vermont, and upon the 
organization of the town, in 1792, Mr. 
Samuel C. Crafts was chosen Town 
Clerk, and held the office for thirty- 
seven successive years. He was the 
youngest delegate to the Convention for 
revising the State Constitution in 1793. 
In 1796, 1800, 1801, 1803, and 1805, he 
was elected a member of the House of 
Representatives of the State. From 



1796 to 1815 he was Register of Probate 
for Orleans District. In 1798 and 1799 
he was Clerk of the House of Repre- 
sentatives. From 1809 to 1812, and 
from 1825 to 1827, he was a member of 
the Executive Council. In 1800 he was 
appointed a Judge of Orleans County 
Court, and remained such till 1816, 
during the last six years as Chief Judge. 
From" 1825 to 1828 he was again Chief 
Judge, and from 1836 to 1838 Clerk -of 
the Court. In 1816 he was elected Re- 
presentative to Congress, and served for 
that and the three succeeding terms ; 
i. e., from 1817 to 1825, inclusive. In 
1828 he was elected Governor of Ver- 
mont, and was re-elected in 1829 and 
1830. In 1829 he was President of the 
Constitutional Convention. In 1842 he 
was appointed by Governor Paine, and 
afterwards elected by the Legislature, a 
Senator in Congress, for the unexpired 
term of one year. He thus filled every 
office in the gift of Vermont. He died 
in Craftsbury, Vermont, November 19, 
1853, aged eighty-four years. 

Cragin, Aaron H. — Born in Wes- 
ton, Vermont, February 3, 1821. He 
is a lawyer by profession ; was a mem- 
ber of the New Hampshire Legislature, 
from 1852 to 1855, and was elected a Re- 
presentative, from that State, to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Revolutionary Claims. 
In 1864 he was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, for the 
term commencing in 1865. 

Craig, Hector. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1829 
to 1830. 

Craig, James. — Born in Pennsyl- 
vania ; is a lawyer by profession ; and 
was a member of the Missouri Legisla- 
ture in 1846 and 1847 ; was Captain of 
a volunteer company in the Mexican 
war ; Circuit Attorney for the Twelfth 
Judicial Circuit in Missouri, from 1852 
to 1856 ; and was a Representative in the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Post-offices and Post- 
roads. He was also re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Post-offices and Post- 
roads. 

Craig, Robert. — He was born in 
Virginia, and was a Representative in 



96 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 
1833, and again from 1835 to 1841. 

Craige, Burton. — Born in Eowan 
County, North Carolina, March 13, 
1811 ; graduated at Chapel Hill in 1829; 
is a lawyer by profession ; was a mem- 
ber of the State Legislature in 1832 and 
1834; and was elected to the Thirtj^- 
third, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-fifth 
Congresses, serving as a member of the 
Judiciary Committee ; re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. 
He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 
as a member of the Confederate Con- 



Craik, William. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1796 to 1801. 

Cramer, JTohn. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1833 to 1837 ; having been elected 
to the State Constitutional Convention 
in 1821, and having served three years 
in the Assembly, and three years in the 
Senate of the State of New York. 

Crane, Joseplt H. — Born in Eliza- 
beth town. New Jersey ; was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1829 to 1837 ; and died at Dayton, Ohio, 
November 12, 1851, aged seventy years. 

Cranston, Henry Y. — Born in 

Newport, Rhode Island, October 9, 1789 ; 
received a limited education ; worked at 
a trade for five years from the age of 
twelve, then commenced the business 
of commission merchant ; studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in three 
years. In 1818 he was elected Clerk of 
the Court of Common Pleas, and held 
the office until 1833 ; he was for twentj^- 
five years annually elected Moderator 
for the town of Newport ; was a mem- 
ber of the several conventions for fram- 
ing and remodelling the State Constitu- 
tion ; and was Vice-President of the 
Convention in 1842. From 1827 to 
1843 he was a member of the lower 
branch of the Legislature ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 1843 
to 1847, when he was returned to the 
Legislature, and was several times 
Speaker of that body until 1854, after 
which time he lived in retirement. 
Died at Newport, February 12, 1864. 



Cranston, Robert B. — He was 

born in Rhode Island, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1837 to 1843, and again from 1847 
to 1849. 

Crary, Isaac E. — Was a Delegate 
to Congress, from the Territory of Mich- 
igan, in 1835 and 1836, and a Represen- 
tative from that State from the time of 
its admission into the Union in 1836, to 
1841. He died in Michigan, May 8, 
1854. 

Cravens, J'ames A. — Born in 

Rockingham County, Virginia, Novem- 
ber 4, 1818 ; removed with his father to 
Indiana in 1820 ; spent his boyhood in 
Washington County, where he received 
a common school education, and has 
devoted much of his life to agricultural 
pursuits, and especially to the raising 
of the best breeds of cattle. He served 
as a Major in the Mexican war under 
General Taylor, and was present at the 
battle of Buena Vista. In 1848 and 
1849 he was elected to the Legislature 
of Indiana ; in 1850 elected to the State 
Senate, serving three years ; in 1854 he 
was commissioned a Brigadier-G-eneral 
of militia ; frequently presided over the 
Board of School Trustees for his town- 
ship ; was Vice-President and President 
of the Washington and Orange Coun- 
ties Agricultural Societies ; in 1859 he 
was appointed by the Legislature of In- 
diana to the important position of agent 
for the State, which he resigned, and 
in 1860 he was elected a Representative, 
from Indiana, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
Territories. He was re-elected to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Territories. 
His father, James H. Cravens, was also 
in Congress. 

Cravens, James H. — He was born 
in Rockingham County, Virginia, in 
1798, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Indiana, from 1841 to 1843. 

Crawford, George W. — Born in 

Columbia County, Georgia, December 
22, 1798. He graduated at Princeton 
in 1820 ; studied law, and commenced 
the practice at Augusta, in 1822. In 
1827 he was elected Attorney-General, 
and continued in that office until 1831; 
he was in the State Legislature from 
1837 to 1842 ; and in 1843 was elected 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



97 



to Congress to fill a vacancy. He was 
elected Governor of the State in 1843. 
and re-elected in 1845. He was a mem- 
ber of President Taylor's cabinet, as 
Secretary of War, and subsequently 
visited Europe, since which time he has 
lived in retirement. 

Crawford, Joel. — Born in Colum- 
bia County, Georgia, June 15, 1788. 
He was educated by private tutors ; be- 
came a student of law, and was admit- 
ted to practice in 1808. In 1813 he 
joined the army of General Floyd, and 
served through the whole campaign as 
aide-de-camp to the General. After the 
war he resumed the practice of his pro- 
fession ; served three years in the State 
Legislature, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Georgia, from 1817 
to 1821.'" 

Crawford, Martin J. — He was 

born in Jasper County, Georgia, March 
17, 1820; was educated at the Mercer 
University ; is a lawyer by profession, 
and was a member of the Georgia Legis- 
lature, from 1845 to 1847. In 1853 he 
was appointed Judge of the Superior 
Court for the Chattahoochee Circuit, 
and was elected a member of the Thir- 
ty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, 
serving in the last on the Committees of 
Ways and Means, and Roads and Ca- 
nals. He was also elected to the Thir- , 
ty-sixth Congress, still serving on the 
Committee of Waj^s and Means. Re- 
signed in 1861 and joined the Great Re- 
bellion of that year as a member of the 
Rebel Congress, and a Commissioner to 
Washington. 

Crawford, Thomas H.—B or n at 

Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, Novem- 
ber 14, 1786. He graduated at Prince- 
ton College in 1804 ; studied law for 
three years and was admitted to the bar 
in 1807 ; and Avas a Representative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 
to 1833. During the last year named, 
he was elected to the State Legislature ; 
in 1836 he was appointed a Commis- 
sioner to investigate certain alleged 
frauds in the purchase of the reserva- 
tion of land of the Creek Indians ; in 
1838 he was appointed, by President 
Van Buren, Commissioner of Indian 
Affairs, and took up his residence in 
Washington, holding that office for seven 
years ; and in 1845 he was appointed, 
by President Polk, Judge of the Crimi- 



nal Court of the District of Columbia, 
which arduous position he occupied un- 
til his death, which took place in Wash- 
ington, January 27, 1863. 

Crawford, William. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1809 to" 1817. 

Crawford, William H. — Born 
in Amherst County, Virginia, Febru- 
ary 24, 1772, and with his father settled 
in Georgia in 1783. He received an 
academical education, and subsequently 
had the management of Richmond Aca- 
demy. He studied law and took a high 
position as a lawyer. He served four 
years in the State Legislature, and was 
a Senator in Congress from 1807 to 1813, 
and during a part of the Twelfth Con- 
gress, officiated as President pro tern. 
of the Senate. President Madison in- 
vited him into his cabinet as Secretary 
of War, but he declined the honor, 
accepting, instead, the post of Minister 
to France, in 1813 ; on his return, how- 
ever, at the end of two years, he went 
into the War Department. In 1817 he 
was appointed, by President Monroe, 
Secretary of the Treasury, where he 
served with marked ability until 1825, 
during which year he received a flatter- 
ing vote for President of the United 
States. In 1827 he was appointed Judge 
of the Northern Circuit of Georgia, 
which office he held until his death, 
which occurred in Albert County, 
Georgia, September 15, 1834. 

Creighton, William. — Born in 
Berkeley County, Virginia, October 29, 
1778; graduated at Dickinson College, 
when quite young ; studied law and was 
admitted to the bar at the age of twenty ; 
and in 1798 he settled in Chillicothe, 
Ohio, devoting hiniself to his profes- 
sion, and holding many positions of 
public trust. He was the first Secretary 
of State for Ohio ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1813 to 1817, and again from 1827 
to 1833. Died at Chillicothe, October 
8, 1851, having for many years pre- 
viously declined all public office. 

Crestvell, John A. J. — Was born 
in Port Deposit, Cecil County, Mary- 
land, November 18, 1828 ; graduated at 
Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, in 
1848; studied law and came to the bar 
of Maryland, in 1850. He was a mem- 



98 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



ber of tlie Maryland House of Delegates 
in 1861 and 1862. From August, 1862, 
to April, 1863, he was an Assistant Ad- 
jutant-General for Maryland, and was 
elected a Representative, from Mary- 
land, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving on the Committees on Com- 
merce, and Invalid Pensions. He was 
also a Delegate to the Baltimore Con- 
vention of 1864. 



Crisfleld, John W. — Was born in 
Kent County, Maryland, November 6, 
1808 ; received his education at Wash- 
ington College, Chestertown ; studied 
law and was admitted to the bar in 
1830 ; settled in the practice of his pro- 
fession, in Somerset County ; was elected 
to the Maryland Legislature, in 1836 ; 
he was a Representative in Congress, 
from Maryland, from 1847 to 1849 ; in 
1850 he was a Delegate to the State Con- 
stitutional Convention ; in 1861 he was a 
Delegate to the Peace Congress ; and 
was elected a Representative from Mary- 
land, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
serving on the Committees on Public 
Lands, and on Public Expenditures. 

Crittenden, dohn JT, — He was 

born in Woodford County, Kentucky, 
in September, 1786. When quite young 
he entered the army, and dviring the 
war of 1812 served as Major under' 
General Hopkins, in his expedition, 
and was aide-de-camp to Governor Shel- 
by, at the battle of the Thames. After 
adopting the profession of law, he served 
a number of years in the State Legisla- 
ture, and was chosen Speaker of the 
House ; he entered Congress as a mem- 
ber of the Senate, from Kentucky, in 
1817, serving then but two years. Prom 
1819 to 1835 he continued in the jarac- 
tice of his profession, residing princi- 
pally at Prankfort, and again occa- 
sionally representing his county in the 
State Legislature. In 1835 he was 
again elected to the United States Sen- 
ate, and continued to serve in that body 
until March, 1841, when he was ap- 
pointed Attorney-General by Presi- 
dent Harrison. In September, 1841, 
he resigned with the other members of 
the cabinent, except Mr. Webster, and 
retired to private life, from which, how- 
ever, he was soon called by the Legisla- 
ture, to resume his seat in the United 
States Senate, in 1842. He was also 
elected a Senator for another term of 



six years, from March, 1843, but, in 
1848, having received the Whig nomi- 
nation for Governor of Kentucky, he 
retired from the Senate, and was elected 
to that office, which he held until his 
appointment as Attorney-General by 
President Fillmore. He was again 
elected to the United States Senate in 
1855, for the term ending in 1861, and 
was, when he retired, the oldest mem- 
ber of that body. He was elected in 
1860 a Representative, from Kentucky, 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Died 
at Louisville, Kentucky, July 25, 1863. 

Crocheron, Henry. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1815 to 18n. 

Crocheron, Jacob. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1829 to 1831. 

Crocher, Samuel L. — Was born 
in Taunton, Massachusetts, March 31, 
1804 ; graduated at Brown University 
in 1822; held various municipal offices; 
and in 1849 was elected a member of 
the Executive Council of Massachusetts ; 
has been devoted to the manufacturing 
business ; and was a Representative from 
Massachusetts to the Thirty-third Con- 



Crocliett, David. — Born in Greene 
County, Tennessee, August 17, 1786, of 
Irish descent, his father having fought 
in the Revolutionary war. He com- 
menced the active duties of life, when 
twelve years old, by turning drover, 
and, instead of going to school, he chose 
the fortunes of an adventurer. He 
served under General Jackson in some 
of the Indian wars, and became his fast 
friend. He had a natural bias for poli- 
tics, and his smartness and eccentrici- 
ties made him very popular on the fron- 
tiers, and caused him to be elected to 
the Legislature of Tennessee. He was 
fond of the woods, and had no equal as 
a bear-hunter. He was elected to Con- 
gress in 1827, and served until 1831, 
and then again in 1833, serving until 
1835. While in Washington he was 
always at his post of duty, never forget- 
ting the welfare of his constituents, and 
he was one of the most popular men in 
Congress. The most striking features 
of his disposition and mind were, un- 
doubtedly, of a whimsical character; 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



99 



but behind these there was much to 
command respect and admiration. He 
told stories, or related his wild adven- 
tures, with wonderful eftect. He was 
killed at the Alamo, Texas, March 1, 
1836. 

Crocliett, fTohn W. — He was the 

son of the celebrated David Crockett, a 
Representative in Congress, from Ten- 
nessee, from 1838 to 1843, and died at 
Memphis, November 24, 1852. 

Cross, Edtvard, — He was born in 
Tennessee, and, on taking up his resi- 
dence in Arkansas, was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1839 to 
1845. 

CroucJi, Edward. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from. 1813 to 1815. 

Crotvell, tToJin.— Born in Halifax 
County, Alabama ; was chosen Delegate 
to Congress, when the Territory of 
Alabama was established in 1817, and 
served till 1819, when the State Consti- 
tution was formed, and he was elected 
first Representative to Congress, serving 
till 1821, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Private Land Claims. Soon 
afterwards he was appointed Agent for 
the Creek Indians, then inhabiting large 
portions of Alabama and Georgia, and 
exercised extensive influence over them, 
until their removal west of the Missis- 
sippi, in 1836. He died near Fort 
Mitchell, Alabama, June 25, 1846. 

Crotvell, (To Jin. — He was born in 
Connecticut, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Ohio, from 1847 to 
1851, and was a member of the Commit- 
tee on Indian Affairs. 

Croivninshield, Benjatniii W. 

— Born in Essex County, Massachusetts, 
in 1774. He filled with general accep- 
tance the ofiice of Secretary of the Navy, 
to which he was appointed in December, 
1814, by President Madison, and served 
until his resignation, in November, 
1818. In 1823, he was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from the Salem 
District of Massachusetts, and continued 
in that position until 1831. He died in 
Boston, February 8, 1851. 

Croivninshield, Jacob. — He was 

a member of the Massachusetts Legisla- 



ture in 1801, and was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1803 to 1805, and appointed 
Secretary of the Navy by President 
Jefferson, March 3, 1805. Died April 
14, 1808. 

Crozier, JTohn. — He was born in 
Tennessee, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 
1847, and for a second term, ending in 
1849. 

Crudup, tfosiah. — He was born 
in Wake County, North Carolina ; a 
Representative in Congress, from North 
Carolina, from 1821 to 1823, and was a 
member of the Committee on Private 
Claims. 

Critger, Daniel. — He was a mem- 
ber of the New York Assembly a num- 
ber of years, and a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 
1819. 

Cl^inip, John. — He was born in 
Powhatan County, Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1826 to 1827. 

Ctdbreth, Thomas. — Born in 
Kent County, Delaware, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1817 to 1821. 

Cullen, Elisha D. — He was born 
in Delaware, and elected a Representa- 
tive from that State to the Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

Cullom, Alvan. — He was a native 
of Kentucky ; adopted the law as his 
profession ; served frequently in the 
Legislature of Tennessee, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Ten- 
nessee, from 1845 to 1847. He was a 
Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. 

Cullom, William. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ten- 
nessee, from 1851 to 1855, and Clerk of 
the House of Representatives during 
the Thirty-fourth Congress. 

Culpepper, John. — He was born 
in Anson County, North Carolina, and 
represented that State in Congress, 
from 1807 to 1808, when his seat was 
vacated by resolution of the House ; 
but he was re-elected, and served from 



100 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



1813 to 1817, from 1819 to 1821, and 
from 1823 to 1825. He was a Baptist 
preacher, and elected to the General 
Assembly, but his seat was vacated on 
constitutional grounds. 

Culver, Erastus D. — He was 
born in Hew York ; graduated at the 
University of Vermont in 1826 ; served 
in the Assembly of New York in 1838 
and 1841, and was a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from New York, from 1845 
to 1847. 

CunihacTc, William. — He was 
born in Franklin County, Indiana, 
March 24, 1829 ; was educated at the 
Miami University, Ohio ; taught school 
for one or two years ; attended the Law 
School at Cincinnati, and adopted the 
legal profession ; and he was elected a 
Representative from Indiana, in the 
Thirty-fourth Congress. 

Cummings, Thomas W. — He 
was born in Maryland, and was. a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1858 to 1855. 

Cummins^ John D. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Kepresen- 
tative, from Ohio, during the Thirti- 
eth Congress. He died of cholera at 
Milwaukee, "Wisconsin, September 11, 
1848. 

Cunningham, Francis A. — He 
was born in South Carolina, and was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1845 to 1847. 

Curry, J, L, Wl. — Born in Lincoln 
County, Ueorgia, June 5, 1825, and re- 
m.oved with his father, in 1838, to Talla- 
dega County, Alabama, where he has 
since resided ; he graduated at the Uni- 
versity of Georgia in 1843, and at the 
Dane Law School, Harvard University, 
in 1845, and practised law with success 
in Alabama. In 1846 he joined the 
Texas Rangers for the Mexican war, 
but soon returned on account of ill 
health. He was a member of the lower 
branch of the Legislature of Alabama 
in 1847, 1853, and 1855; and in 1857 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, serving on the Committees on Re- 
volutionary Claims, and Expenditures 
in the State Department. Re-elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving 
on the Committee on Naval Aftairs. 



Resigned in 1861, and took part in the 
Rebellion of that year as a member of 
the Rebel Congress. 

Curtis, Carlton S. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1851 to 1855. 

Curtis, Edtvard. — Born in Ver- 
mont, graduated at Union College, New 
York, and practised law in New York 
City. He took a pronainent part in the 
councils of that city, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1837 to 1841. He was appointed 
Collector of New York by President 
Harrison, and removed by President 
Polk. He was an intimate friend of 
Daniel Webster. 

Curtis, Samuel M. — Born in Ohio 

(while his parents were emigrating to 
the West from Connecticut), February 
3, 1807. He graduated at the West 
Point Academy in 1831, and was ap- 
pointed a Lieutenant in the United 
States infantry, but resigned in 1832. 
He studied and pursued the profession 
of law in Ohio ; was subsequently an 
engineer in Ohio and Iowa ; from 1837 
to 1840, chief engineer of the Muskin- 
gum Works ; during the Mexican war 
he served as an Adjutant-General in 
mustering the State troops ; he went to 
Mexico as a Colonel under General 
Taylor, and acted for a time as Gover- 
nor of Matanaoras, Camargo, Monte- 
rey, and Saltillo, performing much im- 
portant service ; on his return from 
Mexico, he practised law for a time, 
but was called to Iowa and Missouri to 
perform important labors as an engineer, 
in improvements of harbors and the 
building of railroads ; and having finally 
settled at Keokuk, in Iowa, he was 
elected from that State a member of 
the House in the Thirty-fifth Congress. 
He was also re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Military Affairs. He was 
also a Delegate to the Peace Congress in 
1861. Re-elected tothe Thirty-seventh 
Congress, but resigned to serve as a 
Brigadier-General in the Union army 
in 1861. 

Cushing, Caleb. — Was born in 

Salisbury, Essex County, Massachu- 
setts, January 17, 1800. He graduated 
at Harvard College in 1817, and was 






BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



101 



subsequently a tutor there of mathe- 
matics and natural philo.-^^ophy ; studied 
law at Cambridge, and settled in New- 
buryport to practice, having come to 
the bar in 1822. In 1825 and 1826 he 
served in the State Legislature, and in 
1829 visited Europe for pleasure, pub- 
lishing, on his return, "Reminiscences 
of Spain," and "Review of the Revo- 
lution in France." He also wrote for 
the North American Review. In 1833 
and 1834, he was again elected to the 
Legislature ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1835 to 1843. He 
was appointed by President Tyler Com- 
missioner to China, and as such nego- 
tiated an important treaty. In 1846, 
he was again elected to the Legislature. 
In 1847 he was chosen Colonel of the 
Massachusetts Regiment of Volunteers 
for the Mexican war, and was after- 
wards appointed Brigadier-General by 
President Polk. In 1850, he was for 
the fifth time elected to the Legislature, 
and in 1851 was made a Justice of the 
Supreme Court of the State. When 
President Pierce came into power, he 
invited General Cushing into his Cabi- 
net, as Attorney-General ; and on his 
return home, he was again re-elected 
to the Legislature of his native State. 
In office, or out of it, he has the reputa- 
tion of being a hard student, and his 
ability as a lawyer is unquestioned. In 
1860, he was elected President of the 
Charleston Convention to nominate a 
President. 

C'ushwan,tIoJiu Paine. — He was 

born in Pomfret, Connecticut, in 1784, 
and graduated at Yale College in 1807. 
He studied law and removed to Troy, 
New York, where he practised his pro- 
fession. He served in Congress, from 
1817 to 1819 ; and in 1838, was appointed 
Judge of the Circuit Court, having pre- 
viously been Recorder of the City of 
Troy, and one of the Regents of the 
State University. Died in Troy, New 
York, September 16, 1848. He was a 
man of eminence in his profession, and 
discharged with ability the various 
offices with which he was intrusted. 

Citshni an, Joshua. — He was born 
in Plymouth, Massachusetts; graduated 
at Cambridge in 1787; studied divinity; 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1819 to 1821 ; and 
represented Maine, in Congress, from 
1821 to 1825, after its separation from 



Massachusetts. He was al.so a State 
Senator in 1809, 1810, 1828, and 1829, 
and a member of the Assembly in 1811 
and 1834, when he died. 

Cushnian, Samuel. — Born in 1783; 
was Judge of the Police Court of Ports- 
mouth, New Hampshire, and held seve- 
ral offices of trust in the State ; such as 
Councillor, from 1833 to 1835; County 
Treasurer, from 1823 to 1828; and Navy 
Agent at Portsmouth, from 1845 to 1849. 
He was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1835 to 1839, and died in Ports- 
mouth, May 20, 1851. 

Cllthbert, Alfred. — Born in Sa- 
vannah, Georgia; he graduated at 
Princeton College in 1803; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Geor- 
gia, from 1814 to 1817; again, from 1821 
to 1827, and a Senator of the United 
States, from 1837 to 1843. Died in 1856. 

Cuthbevt, John A. — He was born 
in Savannah, Georgia; graduated at 
Princeton College in 1805; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from his 
native State, from 1819 to 1821, and was 
appointed, by the President, in 1822, a 
Commissioner to treat with the Creek 
and Cherokee Indians. 

Cutler, Manasseh. — He was born 
in Killingly, Connecticut, in 1742, and 
graduated at Yale College in 1765; 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1767 ; removed to Dedham, Mas- 
sachusetts, in 1769; studied for the mi- 
nistry, and was ordained in 1771; and 
was settled as a pastor of a church in 
Hamilton, Massachusetts, September 
11, 1771. He distinguished himself by 
his attention to several branches of na- 
tural history, particularly by making 
the first essay toward a scientific de- 
scription of the plants of New England, 
an account of several hundred of which, 
communicated by him, was published 
by the American Academy, of which he 
was a member. He was one of the first 
scientific explorers of the White Moun- 
tains. In 1787 he organized an expe- 
dition for the Northwest Territory, and 
in 1788, with General Rufus Putnam, 
commenced a settlement at Marietta, on 
the Muskingum, Ohio. In 1790 he re- 
turned, with his family, to New Eng- 
land, served a number of years in the 
Legislature, and was pastor of the church 
at Hamilton, Massachusetts, until his 



g.o\<V 






102 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



death. In 1800 he was elected to a seat 
in Congress, and retained it till 1804, 
when he declined any further political 
employment, from its interference with 
his professional duties. He died July 
28, 1823. 

Cutlet^, William P. — Born near 
Marietta, Ohio, July 12, 1813; was 
elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1844, 
1845, and 1846, officiating as Speaker of 
the House during the last term ; he was 
a memher of the Constitutional Con- 
vention of 1850 ; from that period until 
elected to Congress, he was President 
of the Marietta and Cincinnati Eailroad 
Company ; and he was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on the Militia, and on Invalid 
Pensions. 

Cutting, Francis B. — He was born 
in New York ; was liberally educated, 
and adopted the profession of law ; in 
1836 and 1837 he was a member of the 
Legislature of New York, from the city 
of New York ; and was a Eepresentatiye 
in Congress, from his native State, from 
1853 to 1855. 

Cutis, Charles. — Born in Massa- 
chusetts, in 1769; entered Harvard Col- 
lege in 1786 ; graduated in 1790 ; studied 
law with Judge Pickering ; was elected 
a member of the Legislature in 1804, 
and then Speaker of the House; was 
sent to the United States Senate in 1810, 
from New Hampshire, and served till 
1813 ; and chosen Secretary of the Se- 
nate, from 1814 to 1825. By appoint- 
ment, he entered the Senate, for a second 
term, in 1813, but resigned in June of 
that year. He died in Virginia, in 1846. 

Cults, Richard. — Born June 22, 
1771, at Cutts Island, Saco, in the pro- 
vince or district of Maine, then consti- 
tuting a part of the Commonwealth of 
Massachusetts, and received his early 
education at Harvard University, at 
which institution he graduated in 1790, 
and in the twentieth year of his age. 
He studied law, was extensively en- 
gaged in commerce, and took an active 
part in politics. He visited Europe, and 
on his return, after serving two succes- 
sive years as a member of the General 
Court of Massachusetts, he was, at the 
age of twenty-nine, in 1800, elected by 
the people of his district a member of 



the House of Representatives of the 
United States. He took his seat in the 
House, December 7, 1801, and through 
six successive Congresses, constantly 
sustained by the continued confidence 
of his constituents, he gave a firm sup- 
port to President JeflFerson's adminis- 
tration, and to that of his successor. 
President Madison, until the close of 
his first term, March 3, 1813, having 
patriotically sustained, by his votes, 
non-importation, non-intercourse, the 
embargo, and finally war, as measures 
called for by the honor and interest of 
the nation, although rviinous to his 
private fortune. On the 3d of June, of 
that year, he was appointed Superinten- 
dent-G-eneral of Military Supplies, an 
office created by the act of March 3, 
1813, the functions of which were re- 
quired only during the continuance of 
the war. The office was accordingly 
abolished by the act of March 3, 1817, 
to provide for the prompt settlement of 
public accounts. By the same act, the 
office of Second Comptroller of the Trea- 
sury was created, to which Mr. Cutts 
was immediately appointed by President 
James Monroe, and which he held until 
1829 ; after which he resided in the city 
of Washington, in the retirement of pri- 
vate life, until his death, April 7, 1845. 

Daggett, David. — Born in Attle- 
borough, Massachusetts, December 31, 
1764; graduated at Yale College in 1783, 
and was professor of law in that insti- 
tution. He was State's Attorney and 
Mayor of New Haven, and frequently 
a member of the Legislature, and mem- 
ber of the Council. Prom 1813 to 1819 
he was a Senator in Congress, from Con- 
necticut; from 1826 to 1832 he was a 
Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, 
and was Chief Judge from ,1832 to 1834, 
when he attained the age of seventy 
years. He died April 12, 1851. 

Daily, Samuel G. — He was elected 
a Delegate, from the Territory of Ne- 
braska, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress. 

Dallas, George Mifflin. — He 

was born, July 10, 1792, in the city of 
Philadelphia, where he received his 
early education. He graduated at 
Princeton College in 1810 ; commenced 
the study of law in his father's office in 
Philadelphia ; and was admitted to the 



•/>/ej| 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



103 



bar in 1813. In the same year he ac- 
companied Mr. Gallatin to Russia as 
his private secretary, when that gentle- 
man was appointed a member of the 
commission to negotiate a peace under 
the mediation of Alexander. During 
his absence, he visited Hussia, France, 
England, Holland, and the Nether- 
lands. He returned to the United 
States in 1814, and after assisting his 
father for a time in his duties as Secre- 
tary of the Treasury, he commenced 
the practice of his profession at Phila- 
delphia. In 1817 he was appointed the 
deputy of the Attorney-General of 
Philadelphia, and soon won a high re- 
putation as a criminal lawyer. He 
took an active part in politics, and in 
1825 he was elected Mayor of Philadel- 
phia, and on the accession of General 
Jackson, in 1829, he was appointed to 
the office of District Attorney, the same 
office which had been held by his father. 
This post he held until 1831, when a 
vacancy having occurred in the repre- 
sentation from Pennsylvania in the 
United States Senate, Mr. Dallas was 
chosen to fill it. He took an active 
part in the debates of the stormy ses- 
sion of 1832-33. On the expiration of 
his term of office in 1833, he declined a 
re-election, and resumed the practice of 
his profession. In 1837 he was appointed 
by President Van Buren, Ambassador 
to Russia, and remained in that coun- 
try until October, 1839, when he re- 
turned home, and once more devoted 
himself to the practice' of law. In 1844 
he was elected Vice-President of the 
United States, and entered upon the 
duties of his office in March of the fol- 
lowing year. His term of office expired 
in March, 1849, when he was succeeded 
by Mr. Fillmore. He was appointed 
by President Pierce, in 1856, to succeed 
Mr. Buchanan as Minister at the Court 
of St. James, in which position he was 
retained by Mr. Buchanan, when he 
became President. 

Dalton, Tristam. — Was born in 
that portion of Newbury, Massachu- 
setts, now Newburyport, in 1783, and 
at the early age of seventeen graduated 
at Harvard University. He studied 
law as an accomplishment, the fortune 
which he inherited from his father not 
requiring him to practise it as a pro- 
fession, and he took a deep interest in 
the cultivation of a large landed estate, 
in what is now the town of West New- 



bury. Washington, John Adams, 
Louis Philippe, Talleyrand, and other 
distinguished guests partook of his hos- 
pitalities. As eminent for piety as he 
was for mental endowments, the Episco- 
pal Church, of which he was a warden, 
shared in his generous liberality ; and 
he was also noted for the afiectionate 
interest which he took in the welfare of 
his servants, both black and white. He 
was a Representative, Speaker of the 
House of Representatives, and a Senator 
in the Legislature of Massachusetts, and a 
Senator of the United States in the First 
Congress after the adoption of the Fede- 
ral Constitution. When Washington 
City was founded, Mr. Dalton invested 
his entire fortune in lands there, and 
lost it by the mismanagement of a busi- 
ness agent. At the same time a vessel, 
which was freighted with his furniture 
and valuable library, was lost on her 
voyage from Newburyport to Washing- 
ton, and he thus found himself, after 
having lived sixty years in affluence, 
penniless. Several offices of profit and 
honor were immediately tendered him 
by the Government, and he accepted 
the Surveyorship of Boston. He died 
in Boston in June, 1817, and his remains 
were taken to Newburyport, where they 
were interred in the burial-ground of 
St. Paul's Church. 

Damrell, Williani S.— Born in 

Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Novem- 
ber 20, 1809 ; never had the privilege 
of even a common school education ; 
was by trade a printer ; and was elected 
a Representative, from Massachusetts, 
to the Thirty-fourth Congress, where 
he served on the Committee on Engra- 
ving, and to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Roads and 
Canals. Died at Boston, May 17, 1860. 

Dana, Aniasa. — He was a mem- 
ber of the New York Assembly in 1828 
and 1829, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1839 to 
1841, and again from 1843 to 1845. 

Dana, Jiidah, — Born in Massa- 
chusetts in 1772; graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in 1795 ; commenced the 
practice of law in Fryeburg ; was At- 
torney for Oxford County for six years ; 
Judge of Probate for twenty years ; 
Judge of the Common Pleas for nine 
years ; one of the Committee which 
drafted the Constitution of Maine ; a 



104 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



member of tlie Executive Council of the 
State in 1834; and by appointment of 
the Governor, was a Senator in Con- 
gress during the years 1836 and 1837. 
He died at Fryeburg, Maine, December 
27, 1845. 

Dana, Saimiel. — He was a re- 
spectable lawyer and a judge, and during 
the years 1814 and 1815 a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from Massachusetts. 
He died at Charlestown in November, 
1835, in the sixtieth year of his age. 

Dana, Saniiiel W. — He was born 
in Connecticut in 1747, and died July 
21, 1830. He graduated at Yale College 
in 1775, and was a Senator in Congress, 
from Connecticut, from 1810 to 1821. 

Dane, tfoseph. — He was born in 

Beverly, Essex County, Massachusetts, 
October 25, 1778, and graduated at Har- 
vard University in 1799. He adopted 
the profession of law, and removing to 
Kennebunk, Maine, was a member of 
the State Constitutional Convention of 
1816 and 1819, and from 1820 to 1823 he 
represented the York District of Maine 
in Congress ; was subsequently in the 
Legislature as a member of the House 
for six years, and was a member of the 
Senate in 1829. He was chosen a mem- 
ber of the Executive Council of Massa- 
chusetts in 1817, and to a similar station 
in Maine in 1841, but he declined both 
offices. He settled in Kennebunk early 
in the present century, where he died. 
May 1, 1858-. 

Daniel, Henry. — He was born in 
1793, and was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1827 to 
1833, where he had a famous encounter 
with Tristam Burgess. 

Daniel, John It. J. — Born in 
Halifax County, North Carolina ; gra- 
duated at the University of that State in 
1821 ; studied law, and practised it with 
success. He served for several years in 
the General Assembly, and was elected 
Attorney-General of the State ; and was 
a Kepresentative in Congress, from 1841 
to 1853, serving through several sessions 
as Chairman of the Committee on 
Claims. 

Danner, Joel B, — He was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1850 to 1851. 



Darby, Ezra. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Jersey, 
from 1804 to 1808. Died January 28, 
1808. 

Darby, John Fletcher. — Born in 
Person County, North Carolina, Decem- 
ber 10, 1803. In 1818 he removed with 
his father to Missouri, and settled in St. 
Louis County, where, until 1823, he 
worked on a farm, pursuing his studies 
under manj^ difficulties, having pre- 
viously received a good English educa- 
tion in his native town. After the death 
of his parents, in 1825, he applied for 
an appointment at West Point, but being 
unsuccessful, sold out his father's estate, 
and went to Prankfort, Kentucky, and 
studied law with Mr. Crittenden. In 
May, 1827, having a license to practise 
from the Supreme Court of Kentucky, 
he returned to Missouri and commenced 
his professional life. He was four times 
chosen Mayor of the City of St. Louis, 
and once a member of the State Senate, 
and was a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from 1851 to 1853. 

Dargan, Edtvard S. — He was 

born in North Carolina, removed in 
early youth to Alabama, where he sub- 
sequently taught school and studied law. 
In 1844 he was elected Mayor of Mo- 
bile ; from 1845 to 1847 he was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress ; and during the 
latter year was elected a Judge of the 
Supreme Court of Alabama. 

Darling, Mason C. — Born in 
Bellingham, Massachusetts, May 18, 
1801 ; received a common school educa- 
tion ; commenced active life as a school 
teacher in New York ; and having stu- 
died medicine, graduated at the Berk- 
shire Medical Institution of Massachu- 
setts in 1824. He practised his profession 
for thirteen years, when he removed to 
Wisconsin, and aided in establishing 
the towns of Sheboygan and Pond du 
Lac. The principal offices held by him, 
in Wisconsin, were those of Judge of 
Probate, Mayor of Fond du Lac, a mem- 
ber, for several years, of the Territorial 
Legislature, and a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from the State of Wisconsin, 
from 1847 to 1849. 

Darlington, Edtvard.—B.e was 

born in Pennsylvania, and was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1833 to 1889. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



105 



Darlmgton, Isaac. — Born in 
Westtown, Chester County, Pennsylva- 
nia, December 13, 1781, and died April 
27, 1839. He was brought up to hard 
labor, partly on a farm, and in the shop 
of his father, a worthy blacksmith, and 
was a Quaker in religion. He educated 
himself, taught school, studied law, and 
was successful as a practitioner. In 
1807 he was elected to the State Legis- 
lature ; served as a volunteer Lieutenant 
in the last war with England ; and was 
a member of Congress, from 1817 to 
1819,— declining a re-election. In 1820 
he was appointed Deputy Attorney-Ge- 
neral for Chester County, and in 1821 
was appointed President Judge of the 
Countj^ Court, which he held until his 
death. 

Darlmgton, WilUam. — Born in 
Birmingham, Chester County, Pennsyl- 
vania, April 28, 1782. He was brought 
up on a farm until eighteen years old, 
trained in the religion of George Fox, 
and when young had but a limited edu- 
cation. He studied medicine, and in 
1804 graduated at the University of 
Pennsylvania. In 1806 he was rftsowne^Z 
by the Society of Priends for accepting 
the appointment of surgeon to a mili- 
tary regiment ; in 1807 he went to In- 
dia as surgeon of a merchant ship ; in 
1811 and 1812 he assisted in establishing 
the West Chester Academy, Pennsyl- 
vania, of which he was long a Trustee 
and the Secretary ; in 1813 he prepared 
a catalogue of plants of his native coun- 
ty ; in 1814 he took part in establishing 
the Bank of West Chester, and was its 
President. When Washington City 
was attacked by the British, he went to 
camp as a volunteer ; and he was a mem- 
ber of Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1819 
to 1823. He was also a member of the 
"American Philosophical Society;" 
was a Canal Commissioner in 1825. In 
1826 he aided in forming a Natural His- 
tory Society in West Chester, and was 
elected President of the same ; and on 
account of his devotion to science and 
his scientific learning, a number of rare 
plants were named after him by leading 
naturalists of Switzerland and America. 
He also held the oflice of Clerk of the 
Court of Chester County ; aided in 
founding and was President of the 
" West Chester Medical Society;" was 
President of a railway company ; in 1847 
he was robbed of $50,000 belonging to 



the bank of which he was president ; his 
publications on botany and kindred sub- 
jects are quite numerous ; in 1848 he re- 
ceived from Yale College the degree of 
Doctor of Laws, and in 1855 that of 
Doctor of Physical Science from Dick- 
inson College ; and he has been elected 
a member of some forty learned socie- 
ties, in America and Europe. Died in 
1863. 

Davragh, Cornelius. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania, and was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1843 to 1847. 

Davee, Thomas. — Born in Ply- 
mouth, Massachusetts, December 9, 
1797 ; removed to Maine, and was bred 
a merchant ; served six years in the 
two Houses of the Maine Legislature ; 
served a second term in the State As- 
sembly, and was chosen Speaker; he 
was also High Sheriff of Somerset 
County; and a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1837 to 1841. He was also, 
for many years, a Postmaster in Maine, 
and at the time of his death was a Sena- 
tor elect of the State Legislature. He 
died, supported by the hopes of the 
Christian, December 9, 1841. 

Davenport, Franklin. — He was 

a Senator in Congress, from New Jer- 
sey, from 1798 to 1799, but was super- 
seded, and a Representative in Congress, 
from 1799 to 1801. 

Davenport, James. — He was a 

graduate of Yale College in 1777, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Connecticut, from 1796 to 1797, in which 
year he died. 

Davenport, John. — He was born 

in Connecticut ; graduated at Yale Col- 
lege in 1770; was a tutor in that Col- 
lege ; and a Representative in Congress, 
from Connecticut, from 1799 to 1817. 
He died in 1830. 

Davenport, John. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1827 to 1829. 

Davenport, Thomas. — He was 

born in Cumberland County, Virginia, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Virginia, from 1825 to 1835, and 
died in Halifax County, in November, 
1838. 



8 



106 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Davidson^ TJiomas 6r.— Born in 

Jefferson County, Mississippi, August 
3, 1805 ; studied law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1827 ; in 1833 was Eegis- 
ter of the Land-office at Greenshurg, 
Louisiana; was elected to the Legisla- 
ture of that State in 1833, where he 
served, from different parishes, some 
thirteen years ; and he was elected a 
Representative in Congress, in 1855; 
re-elected in 1857, and was Chairman 
of the Committee on Enrolled Bills, 
and member of the Committee on Claims , 
Ee-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
but resigned in February, 1861. 

Davidson, fVilliani.—'H.e was a 

native of Mecklenburg County, North 
Carolina, having been born September 
12, 1778; represented that County in 
the State Legislature, as a Senator, in 
1813, 1815, 1816, and 1817 ; and was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from his 
native State, from 1818 to 1821. He 
served again in the State Senate, in 
1827, 1828, and 1829. He died in Char- 
lotte, Mecklenburg County, September 
16, 1857, from injuries which he received 
by being throwzi from his carriage, while 
taking a drive with a fractious horse. 
Though leading the quiet life of a plant- 
er, he was a man of great influence and 
usefulness. 

Davies, Edward. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Represent- 
ative in Congress, from that State, from 
1837 to 1841. 

Davis, Amos. — He represented 
Kentucky in Congress, from 1833 to 
1835, and died in Owingsville, Ken- 
tucky, June 5, 1835. 

Davis, Garret, — He was born at 
Mount Stirling, Kentucky, September 
10, 1801 ; received an English and 
classical education ; while yet a boy, he 
was employed as a writer in the County 
and Circuit Courts of his district ; stu- 
died law, and came to the bar in 1823. 
In 1833 he was elected to the State Le- 
gislature, and was twice re-elected ; in 
1839 he was a member of the State Con- 
stitutional Convention; from 1839 to 
1847 he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, and declined a 
re-election; and, though always actively 
engaged in the practice of his profes- 
sion, he has ever devoted much atten- 
tion to the pursuits of agriculture. In 



1861 he was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress, from. Kentucky, for the term 
ending in 1867, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Foreign Relations and on 
Territories. From early manhood until 
the death of Henry Clay, he was one of 
the most intimate personal and political 
friends of that statesman. 

Davis, George T. — He was born 
in Sandwich, Massachusetts, January 
12, 1810 ; graduated at Harvard College 
in 1829 ; studied law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1832 ; was elected to the 
Senate of Massachusetts in 1839 and 
1840 ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress from 1851 to 1853. He is now 
devoted to his profession. 

Davis, H. Winter. — He was born 
in Annapolis, Maryland, in 1817; gra- 
duated at Hampden Sidney College ; 
was elected a Representative, from 
Maryland, to the Thirty-fourth and 
Thirty-iifth Congresses, serving as a 
member of the Committee of Ways and 
Means. He was also elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the 
same Committee ; and in 1863 he was 
re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on Foreign Affairs. As an author he 
published, in 1852, a book entitled 
' ' The War of Ormuzd and Ahrinam in 
the Nineteenth Century." 

Davis, Jefferson. — He was born 
in Christian County, Kentucky, June 
3, 1808, but his father removed to Mis- 
sissippi in his infancy. He commenced 
his education at the Transylvania Uni- 
versity, Kentucky, but left it for the 
West Point Academy, where he gra- 
duated in 1828. He followed the for- 
tunes of a soldier until 1835, when he 
became a planter. He was a cadet from 
1824 to 1828 ; Second Lieutenant of in- 
fantry from 1828 to 1833 ; First Lieu- 
tenant of dragoons from 1833 to 1835, 
serving in various campaigns against 
the Indians ; was Adjutant of dragoons, 
and at different times served in the 
Quartermaster's Department ; in 1844 
was a Presidential Elector ; in 1845 was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
from Mississippi, for one term, but re- 
signed in 1846, to become Colonel of a 
volunteer regiment to serve in Mexico ; 
in Mexico he received the appointment 
of Brigadier-General ; in 1847 was ap- 
pointed a Senator in Congress, to fill a 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



107 



vacancy, and was elected for the term 
ending in 1851, but resigned in 1850; 
was re-elected for a term of six years, 
but resigned ; was appointed Secretary 
of War by President Pierce, serving 
throughout his administration ; and in 
1857 again took his seat in the United 
States Senate for the term of six years, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on Military Affairs, and a member of 
those on Public Buildings and Grounds 
and on Printing. In February, 1861, 
he resigned his seat in the Senate, be- 
came identified with the Great Rebel- 
lion, and was elected President of the 
so-called "Southern Confederacy." 

Davis, John. — Born in Northbo- 
rough, Massachusetts, January 18, 1787 ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1812 ; 
adopted the profession of law ; admitted 
to the bar in 1815; was a Reprensenta- 
tive in Congress from 1825 to 1833 ; 
Governor of Massachusetts diiring the 
years 1833 and 1834, and 1841 and 1842 ; 
a Senator in Congress from 1835 to 1841, 
and again from 1845 to 1853, always 
serving on important committees and 
exerting much influence. On account 
of his many popular qualities, he was 
called " Honest John Davis." He died 
suddenly, at Worcester, April 19, 1854. 

Davis, John. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1839 to 1841. 

Davis, John G. — Born in Fleming 
County, Kentucky, October 10, 1810. 
His education was obtained at a country 
school, where, during the winter months, 
he studied the rudiments of reading, 
writing, and arithmetic. He was bred 
to the occupation of a farmer ; was elect- 
ed Sheriif of Parke County, Indiana, 
where he now resides, and resigned in 
1832. He was Clerk of the Superior 
and Inferior Courts of that county, 
from 1833 to 1851, and was a Represen- 
tative, from Indiana, in the Thirty-se- 
cond, Thirty-third, and Thirty-fifth Con- 
gresses, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Public Lands, and also served 
on the Committee to Examine into the 
Accounts of the late Clerk of the House. 
He was also re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Public Lands. 

Davis, John W. — He was born in 



Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1799 ; af- 
ter completing his medical studies in 
Baltimore, in 1821, at the Medical Col- 
lege, he emigrated to Indiana. He 
served first as a Surrogate and then in 
the Legislature of that State, and was 
Speaker of the lower branch, both be- 
fore and after his services in Congress, 
viz., in 1832 and 1841 ; and was also a 
Commissioner to make a treaty with 
the Indians. He was a Rep-esentative 
in Congress, from Indiana, from 1835 
to 1837, from 1839 to 1841, and again 
from 1843 to 1847, and was Speaker of 
the House of Representatives during the 
Twenty-ninth Congress. He was, in 
1848, appointed Minister to China, and, 
subsequently, held the position of Go- 
vernor of Oregon Territory. He was 
also President of the Baltimore Conven- 
tion which nominated Franklin Pierce 
for President, in 1852. Died at Car- 
lisle, Indiana, August 22, 1859. 

Davis, Reuben. — Bom in Tennes- 
see, January 18, 1813. He was self- 
educated, owing to the limited means 
of his father. He studied and practised 
mediciiie for a few years, and, after- 
wards, pursued the law as a profession. 
In 1835 was chosen District Attorney 
for the Sixth Judicial District of Mis- 
sissippi. In 1837 he was re-elected to 
the same office ; served for four months, 
in 1842, on the bench of the High Court 
of Errors and Appeals ; was in the 
Mexican war as Colonel commandant 
of the Mississippi Rifles, but resigned on 
account of sickness, and was in no bat- 
tle ; was elected to the lower branch of 
the State Legislature from 1855 to 1857; 
and was elected a member of the Thir- 
ty-fifth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Post-offices and Post-roads 
and Expenditures in the Navy De- 
partment. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress. Joined the Rebellion in 
1861. 

Davis, Richard D. — He was born 
in New York, graduated at Yale Col- 
lege in 1818, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from his native State, from 
1841 to 1845. 

Davis, Roger. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1811 to 1815. 

Davis, Samuel. — He was born in 
Massachusetts, and was a Representa- 



108 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1813 to 1815. In 1803, from 1808 to 
1812, and in 1815 and 1816, he was a 
member of the State Legislature. 

Davis, Samuel IB. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1853 
to 1855. 

Davis^ Thomas. — He was born in 
Ireland, and having emigrated to Ehode 
Island, was elected a Representative in- 
Congress, from 1853 to 1855. 

Davis, Thomas T. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1797 to 1808, and was ap- 
pointed in that year Judge in the Ter- 
ritory of Indiana. 

Davis, Thomas T. — Was born in 
Middlebury, Addison County, Ver- 
mont, August 22, 1810 ; graduated at 
Hamilton College, New York, in 1831 ; 
studied law in Syracuse, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1833. As a public 
man, his time has been chiefly devoted to 
business connected with railroads, with 
various kinds of manufacturing, and 
with the mining of coal ; and in 1862 he 
was elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving on the Committee for the Dis- 
trict of Columbia. 

Davis, Timothy. — He was born in 
Newark, New Jersey, in March, 1794 ; 
received a common school education ; 
removed to Kentucky in 1816, and was 
there admitted to the bar in 1817 ; spent 
twenty years of his life in Missouri ; 
and, having removed to Iowa, was 
elected a Representative, from that 
State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and 
was a member of the Committee on the 
Post-office and Post-roads. 

Davis, Timothy. — He was born in 
Gloucester, Massachusetts, April 12, 
1821 ; was educated at a district school, 
which he did not attend after reaching 
the age of twelve years ; spent two 
years in a printing-office ; lived a num- 
ber of years in Boston as a clerk and as 
a merchant; in 1854, by an unusually 
large majority, he was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from his native 
district ; was re-elected to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, and served as a member 
of the Committee on Naval Affairs. He 



was appointed by President Lincoln to 
a place in the Boston Custom-house in 
1861. 

Davis, Warren It. — He was born 
in South Carolina ; graduated at the 
College of South Carolina in 1810 ; 
adopted the profession of law ; came to 
the bar in 1814 ; was appointed Solicitor 
for South Carolina in 1818 ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1825 to 1835, and died 
in Washington, District of Columbia, 
January 29, 1835, aged forty-two years. 
It was while attending his funeral that 
President Jackson was fired at by a 
man named Lawrence. 

Davis, William Jf. — Was born 
in Pennsylvania, and elected a Repre- 
sentative, from that State, to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on the District of Columbia. 

Dawes, Henry L. — Born in Cum- 

mington, Hampshire County, Massa- 
chusetts, October 30, 1816. He gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1839, and adopted 
the profession of law. He taught school 
for a time, and edited a paper called the 
Greenfield Gazette. He was a member 
for three years of the Legislature of 
Massachusetts, during the years 1848, 

1849, and 1852 ; of the State Senate in 

1850, and also of the State Constitutional 
Convention in 1853. He was also Dis- 
trict Attorney for the Western District 
of his native State, from 1853 until 
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
wherein he served as a member of the 
Committee on' Revolutionary Claims ; 
was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress ; serving on the Committee on 
Elections ; re-elected to the Thirty-se- 
venth Congress, serving as Chairman 
of the Committee on Elections ; and 
was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving again as Chairman of the 
Committee on Elections. 

Dawson, John. — He graduated at 
Harvard University in 1782 ; was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, from 
Virginia, from 1797 to 1814; served in 
one of the State Conventions of Vir- 
ginia, and in the General Assembly ; 
was a member of the Executive Council 
of Virginia; rendered service in the 
war of 1813, as aid to the commanding 
General, on the Lakes ; and was ap- 
pointed bearer of despatches to France 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



109 



in 1801, by President Adams. He died 
in Washington City, March 30, 1814, 
aged fifty-two years. 

Datvson, fTohn B. — He was born 
at Nashville, Tennessee, in 1800, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Louisiana, from 1841 to the time of his 
death, which occurred at St. Francis- 
ville, Louisiana, June 26, 1845. 

Dawson, John L. — He was born 
in Uniontown, Fayette County, Penn- 
sylvania, February 7, 1813 ; was edu- 
cated at Washington College ; adopted 
the profession of law ; was appointed 
by President Polk, in 1845, United 
States Attorney for the Western District 
of Pennsylvania ; was elected a Eepre- 
sentative, from Pennsylvania, to the 
Thirty-second and Thirty-third Con- 
gresses, serving during the last term as 
Chairman of the Committee on Agri- 
culture; and in 1862 was re-elected to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a 
member of the Committee on Foreign 
Aifairs. He was the author of the 
Homestead Bill which passed in 1854 ; 
and a Delegate to the Baltimore Con- 
ventions of 1844, 1848, and 1860, and of 
the Cincinnati Convention of 185G, 
when, on the part of Pennsylvania, he 
delivered the speech acknowledging the 
nomination of Mr. Buchanan. He was 
appointed Governor of Kansas, by Pre- 
sident Pierce, in 1855, but declined the 
appointment, 

Dawson, TVilliani C. — Born in 
Greene County, Georgia, January 4, 
1798, and died May 5^1856. He gra- 
duated at Franklin College in 1816 ; 
studied law at home and at Litchfield, 
Connecticut ; and having been admitted 
to the bar, settled at Greensborough, in 
1818, where he was eminently success- 
ful as a jury lawyer. He was for twelve 
years Clerk of the House of Representa- 
tives of Georgia, and several times Se- 
nator and Representative in the Legis- 
lature. He was a Representative in 
Congress from 1837 to 1842 ; and in 
1845 he was appointed Judge of the 
Ockmulgee Circuit; and from 1849 to 
1855 he was a Senator of the United 
States, where he served on important 
committees, and spoke on many impor- 
tant questions of national interest, and 
commanded a wide influence. 

Dawson, William J. — A Repre- 



sentative in Congress, from North Caro- 
lina, from 1793 to 1795. 

Day, Rowland. — He was a mem- 
ber of the New York Assembly in 1816 
and 1817, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 
1825, and again from 1833 to 1835. 

Day, Timothy C. — He was born 
in Ohio, and was elected a Representa- 
tive, from that State, to the Thirty- 
fourth Congress. 

Dayan, Charles. — Born at Am- 
sterdam, New York, July 16, 1792 ; 
until fourteen years of age he worked 
in a mill ; at that time he began to 
study, and was successful ; taught school 
for four winters at a monthly price of 
two dollars per month ; studied law, 
and was a successful practitioner for 
many years. He was a Representative 
in Congress, from New York, from 1881 
to 1833; a State Senator in 1827 and 
1828 ; acting Lieutenant-Governor in 
1829 ; and a member of the Assembly in 
1835 and 1836. He was also District At- 
torney for Lewis County for five years. 

Dayton, Jonathan. — A native of 
New Jersey ; graduated at Princeton 
College in 1776; was a member of the 
State Convention in 1787 ; a Represen- 
tative in Congress from 1791 to 1799; 
Speaker of the House of Representatives 
from 1795 to 1797; and was a Senator 
of the United States from 1799 to 1805. 
He was a distinguished statesman, and 
died at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, 
October 9, 1824, aged about sixty-eight 
years. 

Dayton, William L. — Born in 

Somerset County, New Jersey, Febru- 
ai'y 17, 1807 ; graduated at Princeton 
College in 1825 ; is a lawyer by profes- 
sion, having come to the bar in 1830;; 
was a member of the State Senate of 
New Jersey in 1837 ; was appointed one 
of the Justices of the Superior Court of 
the State February 28, 1838, and re- 
signed said office in 1841, and resumed 
the practice of law ; was a Senator in 
Congress from 1842 to 1851. In March, 
1857, was appointed Attorney-General 
of New Jersey, which office he held 
until 1861, when he was appointed, by 
President Lincoln, Minister to France. 

Dean, Ezra. — He was born in New 



110 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



York, and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1841 to 1845. 

Dean, Gilbert. — Is a native of 
Pleasant Valley, Dutchess County, ]S"ew 
York. In May, 1837, he entered the 
Amenia Seminary, and in September of 
the same year he went to Yale College, 
and graduated in 1841. He studied law 
in Pine Plains, and commenced prac- 
tice in Poughkeepsie in_1844, attaining 
eminence in his profession ; and was 
elected a Eepresentative in Congress 
from 1851 to 1853. Was re-elected for 
a second term, but resigned in 1854. 

Dean, ffosiah. — He was born in 
Baynham, Massachusetts, March 16, 
1748, and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1807 to 
1809. Prom 1804 to 1807 he was a State 
Senator ; and in 1810 and 1811 was a 
member of the State Legislature. Died 
October 14, 1818. 

Dean, Sidney. — He was born in 
Glastenbury, Hartford County, Con- 
necticut, November 16, 1818. He re- 
ceived only a common school education ; 
entered upon active life as a manufac- 
turer ; but subsequently became a clergy- 
man. He served one year in the Legis- 
lature of Connecticut, and was elected 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from that 
State, in 1855, and re-elected in 1857 ; 
officiating during his first term as Ohaii'- 
man of the Committee on Public Ex- 
penditures, and as a member of the Com- 
mittee on the District of Columbia. In 
1860 he settled in Ehode Island as a 
clergyman. 

Dearborn, Henry. — Was a native 
of New Hampshire, and settled, in the 
practice of physic, at Portsmouth. He 
was a Captain in Stark's regiment at the 
battle of Bunker Hill ; he accompanied 
Arnold in the expedition through the 
wilderness of Maine to Quebec ; he was 
captured by the British, and put into 
close confinement; but in May, 1776, 
was permitted to return on parole ; in 
March, 1777, he was exchanged ; he 
served as a Major in the army under 
Gates at the capture of Burgoyne. He 
distinguished himself at the battle of 
Monmouth by a gallant charge on the 
enemy. Dearborn being sent to ask for 
further orders, Washington inquired, 
by way of commendation, " What troops 
are those?" ' * Pull-blooded Yankees 



from New Hampshire, sir," was the re- 
ply. In 1779 he accompanied Sullivan 
in his expedition against the Indians ; 
in 1780 he was with the army in New 
Jersey ; in 1781 he was at Yorktown, 
at the surrender of Cornwallis ; in 1789 
Washington appointed him Marshal of 
the District of Maine. He was elected 
a member of Congress from 1793 to 
1797. In 1801 he was appointed Secre- 
tary of War, and held the office till 
1809, when he was appointed to the lu- 
crative office of Collector of Boston. 
In 1812 he received a commission as 
senior Major-G-eneral in the army of the 
United States. In the spring of 1813 
he captured York, in Upper Canada, 
and Fort George, at the mouth of the 
Niagara. He was recalled by Mr. Madi- 
son in July. He was ordered to assume 
the command of the military district of 
New York City. In 1822 he was ap- 
pointed Minister Plenipotentiary to 
Portugal ; two years after he returned 
to America at his own request. He died 
in 1829, aged seventy-eight years. 

Dearborn, Henry A. S. — Born 
in 1783, in Exeter, New Hampshire; 
was educated at William and Mary 
College, Virginia, and commenced the 
study of law in Washington, while his 
father was Secretary of War under Jef- 
ferson. He finished his studies at Salem, 
Massachusetts, in the office of Judge 
Story, and commenced to practise in 
that city. He removed to Portland, 
and superintended the erection of the 
forts in the harbor. He was appointed 
Collector of Boston by President Madi- 
son (having been previously made De- 
puty Collector by his father, when Col- 
lector), as an inducement for his father 
to accept the command of the army, 
and he held the office until removed by 
General Jackson in 1829. In 1812 he 
was Brigadier of militia, and had the 
command of the troops in Boston har- 
bor. In 1821 was a member of the Con- 
vention for revising the Constitution of 
Massachusetts. In 1829 was a Eepre- 
sentative in the Legislature from Eox- 
bury ; and the same year chosen Execu- 
tive Councillor, and the following year 
a State Senator. From 1831 to 1833 he 
was a Eepresentative in Congress. He 
was soon appointed Adjutant-General 
of Massachusetts, and continued in that 
office till 1843, when he was removed 
for lending some of the State arms 
during the Dorr Eebellion in Ehode 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



< 
111 



Island. In 1847 was chosen Mayor of 
Roxbury, which office he held until his 
death. While in the Custom-house, in 
Boston, he wrote and published three 
volumes on the ' ' Commerce of the Black 
Sea." He also wrote a biography of 
Commodore Bainbridge, and one of his 
father ; a book on Architecture, and a 
Life of Christ. He died in Portland, 
Maine, July 29, 1851. 

JDeberry, Edmund, — Born in 
Montgomery County, North Carolina, 
August 14, 1787. He was educated at 
the ordinary schools of the county, and 
having entered public life, in 1806, as a 
member of the State Legislature, he 
continued to serve there, with occasional 
intermissions, until 1828 ; and was a 
Representative in Congress from 1829 
to 1831, from 1833 to 184-5, and again 
from 1849 to 1851. Died in his native 
county in 1859. 

De Grvaff, John J. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1827 to 1829, and again 
from 1837 to 1839. 

Deitz, William. — He was born in 
Schoharie County, New York, and was a 
member of the New York Assembly in 
1814 and 1815 ; a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1825 to 1827 ; 
and a State Senator from 1830 to 1833. 

De Jarnette, Daniel C. — Born in 
Caroline County, Virginia, in 1822 ; re- 
ceived a liberal education ; adopted the 
occupation of a farmer ; served many 
years in the Legislature of Virginia ; 
and was elected a Representative, from 
that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Revo- 
lutionary Claims. Re-elected to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
Committee on the District of Columbia. 

Delano, Charles. — Born in Brain- 
tree, Massachusetts, in 1820 ; graduated 
at Amherst College in 1840; studied 
law and came to the bar in 1842 ; in 
1850 he was appointed Treasurer of 
Hampshire County; and he was elected 
a Representative, from Massachusetts," 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as 
a member of the Committee on Revo- 
lutionary Pensions. Re-elected to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress. 

Delano, Columbus. — Born in 



Shoreham, Vermont, June 5, 1809 ; re- 
moved to Knox County, Ohio, in 1817 ; 
studied law and was admitted to the 
bar in 1831, and settled in the town of 
Mount Vernon. In 1836 he was elected 
for two years Prosecuting Attorney for 
Knox County; re-elected in 1838; and 
in 1844 was elected a Representative, 
from Ohio, to the Twenty-ninth Con- 
gress. In 1860 he was a Delegate to 
the Chicago Convention ; in 1863 was 
elected to the Ohio Legislature ; and 
was a Delegate to the Baltimore Con- 
vention of 1864. 

Delaplaine, Isaac C. — He was 

born in New York, and was elected a 
Representative, from that State, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Public Buildings and 
Grounds. 

Dellet, James. — He was a native 
of Ireland ; and one of the early gradu- 
ates of the University of South Carolina, 
having left it in 1810 ; he adopted the 
profession of law, coming to the bar in 
1813 ; was a Commissioner in Equity ; 
removed to Alabama in 1818, where he 
was appointed a Judge of the Circuit 
Court, and frequently represented his 
county in the State Legislature ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Alabama, from 1839 to 1841, and again 
from 1843 to 1845. He died at Clai- 
borne, December 21, 1848, aged sixty 
years. 

Demlng, Henry C. — He was born 
in Connecticut ; graduated at Yale Col- 
lege in 1836, and at the Law School of 
Harvard College in 1838 ; he was a 
member of the Connecticut Legislature 
in 1849 and 1850, and also from 1859 to 
1861, serving as Speaker during the 
latter year. In 1851 he was a member 
of the State Senate. He subsequently 
presided over the city of Hartford as 
Mayor for six years. In 1861, as Colonel 
of the Twelfth Regiment of Connecticut 
Volunteers, he went to New Orleans, 
and participated in the capture of that 
city. In October, 1862, he was ap- 
pointed Mayor of New Orleans, which 
position he held until February, 1863, 
when he resigned both that office and 
his commission in the army and re- 
turned home. Two months afterwards 
he was elected a Representative, from 
Connecticut, to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on 



112 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Military Affairs, and as Chairman of 
the Committee on Expenditures in the 
War Department. 

Demfning, Benjamin F. — He 

was born at Danville, Vermont ; re- 
ceived a common school education ; 
served a number of years as a clerk in 
a store ; was Clerk of the court in his 
native county for sixteen years ; and 
was elected a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress for the term from 1833 to 1835, 
but died at Saratoga Springs, whither 
he had gone for his health, July 11, 
1834. 

De Mott, John. — He was born in 
New Jersey i was a member of the New 
York Assembly, in 1833 ; and a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1845 to 1847. 

Denison, Cliarles. — Was born in 
Wyoming Valley, Pennsylvania, Janu- 
ary 23, 1818; graduated at Dickinson 
College in 1839 ; adopted and practised 
the profession of law ; and was elected a 
Eepresentative, from Pennsylvania, to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Indian Affairs. 

Dennis, <John. — He was born in 
Somerset County, Maryland, in 1807; 
and was a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1841. He 
was also twice elected to the State Le- 
•gislature, and was a member of the 
Maryland State Convention in 1850. 
He was educated for the bar, but relin- 
quished professional life for the pursuits 
of agriculture. Died of consumption 
November 1, 1859. 

Dennis, Littleton P. — He gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1803 ; served 
many years in the Legislature of Mary- 
land; and was elected a Eepresentative 
to Congress, from Maryland, in 1833; 
and died at Washington, April 14, 1834, 
before the expiration of his term in Con- 
gress. 

Dennison, George. — He was born 
in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, and 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1819 to 1823. He was 
for many years Eegister and Eecorder 
of Luzerne County, and before as well 
as after his service in Congress, was fre- 
quently returned to the Legislature, and 



he died at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, 
in 1831, while in office. 

Denny, Harmar. — Born in Pitts- 
burg, Pennsylvania, in 1794; graduated 
at Dickinson College ; was a member of 
the Legislature of his native State, and 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from 1829 
to 1837 ; and a member of the Conven- 
tion which formed the present Consti- 
tution of Pennsylvania. He died in 
Pittsburg, January 29, 1852. 

Dent, George. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Maryland, 
from 1793 to 1801, and was appointed in 
the latter year United States Marshal 
for the Potomac District. During the 
third session of the Pifth Congress he 
was elected Speaker of the House of 
Eepresentatives. 

Dent, William B, W. — He was 

born in Maryland, and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Georgia, from 
1853 to 1855. 

Denver, James W. — Bom in Win- 
chester, Virginia, in 1818. When quite 
young he emigrated to Ohio with his 
parents; received a good education; in 
1841 he went to Missouri, where he 
taught school and studied law ; he served 
in the Mexican war as a Captain, under 
appointment from President Polk ; in 
1850 he went to California, where he was 
appointed a member of a relief commit- 
tee to protect emigrants; and, after- 
wards. Secretary of State of California; 
he was a Eepresentative, from Califor- 
nia, in the Thirty-fourth Congress; by 
President Buchanan he was appointed 
a Commissioner of Indian Affairs, which 
office he resigned to accept the appoint- 
ment of Governor of the Territory of 
Kansas, which position he resigned in 
November, 1858, and was reappointed 
Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Ee- 
signed, March, 1859. 

Desaussure, William F. — He was 

born in South Carolina; graduated at 
Harvard University in 1810; and was a 
Senator in Congress, from his native 
State, from 1850 to 1853. 

Desha, Joseph. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, December 9, 1768, and 
emigrated to Kentucky in 1781 ; in 1794 
he served as a volunteer in the expedi- 
tion against the Indians, under Gene- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



113 



ral Wayne; served for a time in the 
State Legislature; fought at the battle 
of the Thames, as a Major-G-eneral ; was 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from 1807 
to 1819; was Governor of Kentucky for 
four years, from 1824; and died at 
Georgetown, Kentucky, October 13, 
1842. 

Desha,, Moberf. — He was a promi- 
nent merchant of Mobile, and a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, 
from 1827 to 1831. He was the'brother 
of Joseph Desha. He died, February 8, 
1849. 

Destrifian, tfohn Noel. — He was 

a Senator in Congress, from Louisiana, 
for a part of the year 1812. 

DewoA^t, Lewis. — He was a native 
of Pennsylvania, and a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1831 
to 1833. 

Dewart, William L. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania; was a lawyer by 
profession, and was a member of the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from his native 
State. He was Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Unfinished Business. 

Dewey, Daniel. — Was a lawyer, 
having studied under Theodore Sedg- 
wick, and attained a high rank in his 
profession. He was a member of the 
Council of the State, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Berkshire Dis- 
trict, Massachusetts, in 1813 and 1814; 
was appointed Judge of the Supreme 
Court of Massachusetts in 1814. He 
died June 3, 1815. 

De Witt, Alexander. — Bom in 

Worcester County, Massachusetts, April 
2, 1797 ; was a Representative in the 
Massachusetts Legislature from 1830 to 
1836 ; devoted himself to the manufac- 
turing business; was a bank President; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1853 to 1857. He was also aState 
Senator in 1842, 1844, 1850, and 1851 ; 
and a member of the Constitutional 
Convention of 1858. 

De Witt, diaries G. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1829 to 1831, and appointed 
Charge d 'Affaires, for Central America, 
in 1833. He died at Newburg, April 
13, 1839. 



De Witt, Jacob H. — He was born 
in Ulster County, New York, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1819 to 1821; and a member 
of the New York Assembly in 1839 and 
in 1847. He died at Kingston, New 
York, January 30, 1857, aged seventy- 
three years. 

De Wolfe, James. — He was a 

Senator of the United States, from 
Rhode Island, from 1821 to 1825, when 
he resigned, and died in the city of New 
York, December 21, 1837, aged seventy- 
four years. 

Dexter, Samuel. — Was a native 
of Massachusetts, and born in 1761 ; he 
graduated at Harvard College in 1781 ; 
and, having studied law at Worcester, 
with Levi Lincoln, he soon rose to pro- 
fessional eminence. He was a member 
of the House of Representatives in Con- 
gress, from 1793 to 1795, and was elected 
to the Senate, serving from 1799 to 1800. 
During the administration of John 
Adams he was appointed Secretary of 
War, in 1800, and Secretary of the 
Treasury, in January, 1801 ; and, for a 
short time, also, had the charge of the 
Department of State. On the accession 
of Mr. Jefferson to the Presidency, he 
held the office of Secretary of the Trea- 
sury, and not complying with an inti- 
mation to resign, Mr. Gallatin was ap- 
pointed in his place. In 1812 he aban- 
doned the party to which he had al- 
ways been attached, and became a lead- 
er on the other side, and, as such, was 
the candidate for Governor of Massa- 
chusetts, in 1815 and 1816, in opposition 
to Governor Brooks. A mission to 
Spain was offered him, by Mr. Madison, 
in 1815. He died May 3, 1816. 

Dick, tTohn. — Was born in Penn- 
sylvania, was bred a merchant, and was 
a member of Congress, from said State, 
in 1854 and 1855, and was re-elected to 
the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con- 
gresses, serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Accounts. 

Dickens, Samuel. — A Represen- 
tative in Congress, from North Carolina, 
during the years 1816 and 1817. 

DicJierson, Mahlon. — Born in 
Morris County, New Jersey, in 1769; 
graduated at Princeton College in 1789 ; 
studied law, and in early life he resided 



114 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



in Pennsylvania, where he was Eecor- 
der of the city of Philadelphia, and 
subsequently Quartermaster-G-eneral of 
the State ; he returned to New Jersey, 
and was elected to the Legislature of 
that State. He was Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of New Jersey, and was 
elected. Governor of that State in 1815, 
and held the office until 1817, when he 
was chosen United States Senator, and 
continued in that office for sixteen 
years. In 1834 he became Secretary of 
the Navy, in the cabinet of President 
Jackson, and held that department until 
1838, some two years after the accession 
of President Yan Buren. Por two years 
he was President of the American In- 
stitute. He died in Morris County, 
New Jersey, October 5, 1853. 

Dickerson, Philemon. — He was 

the brother of Mahlon Dickerson, a na- 
tive of New Jersey, and a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from the Pater son 
District in that State, from 1833 to 
1835, and again from 1839 to 1841. In 
1836 he was Governor of New Jersey, 
and was subsequently appointed Judge 
of the United States District Court for 
New Jersey. Died at Paterson, New 
Jersey, December 10, 1862, aged about 
seventy years. 

Dickey, Jesse C. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1849 to 1851. 

Dickey, John. — He was a member 
of Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 

1843 to 1845, and from 1847 to 1849; 
and at the time of his death, was United 
States Marshal for Western Pennsyl- 
vania. He died in Beaver County, 
March 14, 1853. 

Dickinsofi, Daniel S. — He was 
born in Goshen, Litchfield County, 
Connecticut, September 11, 1800; re- 
moved with his family to New York in 
1806 ; he was self-educated, and adopted 
the profession of law, coming to the 
bar in 1830. He was at one time in the 
State Senate ; was Judge of the Court 
of Errors from 1836 to 1841 ; he was 
Lieutenant-Governor, President of the 
Senate and of said court, from 1842 to 
1844; was a Democratic Elector in 

1844 ; and a Senator in Congress, from 
New York, from 1844 to 1851, since 
which time he has lived in retirement. 



He was a Delegate to the Baltimore 
Convention of 1864. 

Dickinson, David W. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from Ten- 
nessee, from 1833 to 1835, and again 
from 1843 to 1845, and died atPranklin, 
Tennessee, April 27, of the latter year. 

Dickinson, Edtvard. — He was 

born in Massachusetts ; adopted the pro- 
fession of law ; was a member of the 
Massachusetts Legislature, in 1838 and 
1839; a State Senator in 1842 and 1848 ; 
a State Councillor in 1845 and 1846 ; 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1853 to 1855. He 
was a graduate of Amherst College, and 
a lawyer by profession. 

Dickinson, John D. — He was born 
in Middlesex County, Connecticut, in 
1767 ; graduated at Yale College in 
1785 ; and was a member of Congress, 
from New York, from 1819 to 1823, 
and again from 1827 to 1831 ; and died 
at Troy, January 28, 1841. 

Dickinson, JPJiilemon. — A native 
of New Jersey ; was an officer in the 
American Revolution, and enjoyed a 
great reputation for courage and zeal in 
the cause of liberty. He commanded 
the Jersey militia at the battle of Mon- 
mouth. He was a Delegate from Dela- 
ware, to the Continental Congress, from 
1782 to 1783 ; and after the organization 
of the National Government in its 
present form, he was appointed a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from 1790 to 1793. 
Having discharged in a satisfactory man- 
ner the duties of the several civil and 
military stations which he held, he en- 
joyed several years of retirement from 
public life, and died at Trenton in 1809. 

Dickinson, JRudolphus. — He was 

born in Massachusetts, and having re- 
moved to Ohio, was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1847 to 
1849. Died in August, 1849. 

Dickson, David. — He was a mem- 
ber of Congress, from Mississippi, in 
1835 and 1836, and died at Little Rock, 
Arkansas, July 31, 1836. 

Dickson, John. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1831 to 1835, and died at West 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



115 



Bloomfield, New York, Febi-uary 22, 
1852. 

Dickson, Samuel. — He was a Ee- 

presentative in Congress, from New 
York, during the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. He died at his residence, in 
New Scotland, New York, May 8, 1858, 
in consequence of spinal injuries re- 
ceived while in the faithful discharge of 
his public duties at Washington. He 
had been bred a physician, and was uni- 
versally respected. 

Dickson, William. — He was a Ee- 

presentative in Congress, from Tennes- 
see, from 1801 to 1807. 

Dillingham, Paul, Jr. — He was 

born in Shutesbury, Franklin County, 
Massachusetts, August, 1800 ; removed 
to Waterbury, Vermont, with his father, 
in 1805 ; received a good education ; 
adopted the profession of law ; and was 
admitted to practice, in Washington 
County, in 1824. He was Town Clerk of 
Waterbury, from 1829 to 1844, and Jus- 
tice of the Peace eighteen years. He 
was State's Attornej^, for Washington 
County, from 1835 to 1838 ; and was a 
member of. the Constitutional Conven- 
tion in 1836 and 1837. He was a Repre- 
sentative to the General Assembly six 
years, and State Senator in 1841 and 
1842 ; and elected a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from 1843 to 1847, and was a 
member of the Committee on the Judi- 
ciary. He has since that time devoted 
himself to the practice of his profession. 

Dimmick, 3Tilo 31. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1849 to 1853. 

Dimmick, William H. — He was 

born in Milford, Pike County, Pennsyl- 
vania, December 20, 1815. He received 
an academical education, and adopted 
the profession of law. He was Prosecut- 
ing Attorney, for the Commonwealth of 
Pennsylvania, for Wayne County, in 
1836 and 1837 ; was a member of the 
State Senate in 1845, 1846, and 1847; 
and was elected a Eepresentative, from 
Pennsylvania, in the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, officiating as Chairman of the 
Joint Committee on the Library. He 
was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 



Printing. Died at Honesdale, Penn- 
sylvania, August 2, 1861. 

Di^nock^ Davis, JV.— He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1841 to 1842. Died Janu- 
ary 13, 1842. 

Dinsnioor, Samuel. — He was born 
at Londonderry, New Hampshire, in 
1766 ; graduated at Dartmouth College 
in 1789; was for many years a Major- 
General of militia ; a Representative in 
Congress, from New Hampshire, from 
1811 to 1813 ; a Judge of Probate ; and 
served as Governor of his native State 
during the years 1831, 1832, and 1833. 
He died at Keene, March 15, 1835. 

Disney, David T. — He was a na- 
tive of Baltimore, Maryland, and re- 
moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1 820. He 
was frequently a member of both branches 
of the State Legislature of Ohio, and 
three times elected Speaker.* He repre- 
sented his adopted State in Congress, 
from 1849 to 1855. He died in Wash- 
ington, March 14, 1857, aged fifty-four 
years. 

Diven, Alexander S. — He was 

born at the head of Seneca Lake, town 
of Catharine, and County of Tioga, 
New York, February 15, 1809; received 
an academical education ; studied law 
and adopted that profession ; was a 
Senator in the New York Legislature, 
in 1858 ; and was elected a Eepresenta- 
tive, from New York, to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving as a member 
of -the Committee on the Judiciary. 

Disc, tJohn A. — Born in Boscawen, 
New Hampshire, July 24, 1798. He 
commenced his education by attending 
the academies at Salisbury and Exe- 
ter ; spent one year in a French college 
at Montreal ; and, in 1812, was ap- 
pointed a cadet in the army, but, in- 
stead of going to West Point, preferred 
to join the army on the frontier as an 
Ensign; and in 1813, he was acting Ad- 
jutant of an independent battalion. In 
1819 he was aide-de-camp to Major- 
General Brown, but devoted his leisure 
to the study of law ; from that time un- 
til 1828, he visited Cuba and travelled in 
Europe for his health, when he settled at 
Cooperstown, as a lawj-er. In 1831 he 
was Adjutant-General under Governor 



116 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Throop ; in 1833 he was appointed Secre- 
tary of State of New York, and was a 
Eegent of the State University ; in 1841 
he was elected to the Assembly, from 
Albany ; and after making another visit 
abroad, was elected to the United States 
Senate, where he served from 1845 to 
1849. Of late years, he has been chiefly 
engaged in the management of large 
estate. In 1820 he received from Brown 
University the degree of Master of 
Arts, and in 1845, from Geneva College, 
the degree of Doctor of Laws. In 1860 
he was appointed by President Buchan- 
an, Postmaster of New York ; and in 
January, 1861, was appointed by Mr. 
Buchanan, Secretary of the Treasury. 
He served in 1861 and 1862 as a Major- 
General of volunteers, and was appointed 
to the same position in the regular army. 

Dixofi, Archibald. — Was born in 
Caswell County, North Carolina, April 
2, 1802, and removed with his father to 
Henderson County, Kentucky, in 1805. 
He received only a plain English educa- 
tion at the county schools, but made 
good use of his advantages, and at the 
age of twenty, entered upon the study 
of law, and acquired considerable repu- 
tation as a lawyer. In 1830 he was a 
Kepresentative in the Legislature, and 
in 1836 in the State Senate, and again 
in the Lower House in 1841. In 1843 
was elected Lieutenant-Governor of 
Kentucky. In 1849 was a member of 
the Constitutional Convention for re- 
forming State laws, and was a member 
of the United States Senate, from 1852 
to 1855, being elected to fill the vacancy 
occasioned by the resignation of his 
friend, Henry Clay. 

Dixon, James. — Born in Enfield, 
Connecticut, in 1814; graduated at Wil- 
liams College, Williamstown, Massa- 
chusetts, in 1834; is a lawyer by profes- 
sion ; and was a member of the House 
in the Legislature of Connecticut, in 
1837, 1838, and 1844, and of the State 
Senate in 1849 and 1854 ; and a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from 1845 to 1849 ; 
also elected a Senator for six years, 
from March 4, 1857 ; and he was re- 
elected for a second term in 1862. He 
has served on several committees and 
was Chairman of the Committee on 
Contingent Expenses of the Senate. 

Dixon, Joseph Henry. — A Ee- 



presentative in Congress, from North 
Carolina, from 1799 to 1801. 



Dixon, Nathan F. — Born at Plain- 
field, Connecticut, in 1774; graduated 
at Brown University in 1799 ; studied 
law, and established himself in Ehode 
Island, in 1802, to practise his profes- 
sion. In 1813 he was elected a member 
of the General Assembly of that State. 
Prom 1839 to 1842 he was a Senator of 
the United States. He died at Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia, January 
29, 1842. 

Dixon, Nathan F. — Born in Wes- 
terly, Ehode Island, May 1, 1812; fitted 
for College at Plaintield Academy, in 
Connecticut, and graduated at Brown 
University in 1833. He attended the 
Law Schools at New Haven and Cam- 
bridge, and was admitted to the bar in 
New London in 1837, and engaged in 
the practice of his profession in Connec- 
ticut and Ehode Island. He was a 
member of the General Assembly of 
Ehode Island from 1840 to 1849, and was 
elected a Eepresentative, from Ehode 
Island, to the Thirty-first Congress. He 
was again elected to the General Assem- 
bly of his State in 1851, and, with the 
exception of two years, held the office 
until 1859. In 1863 he was re-elected 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committee on Com- 



Doane, Williain. — He was born 
in Maine, and having removed to Ohio, 
was elected a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1839 to 
1843. 



Dobbin, James C. — He was born 
in 1814; graduated at the University of 
North Carolina in 1832. He was a law- 
yer by profession, and was elected a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from his native 
State, in 1845, and declined a re-elec- 
tion. He served in the State Legisla- 
ture in 1848 and 1850, and during the 
last session officiated as Speaker. His 
eloquence at the bar and in the legisla- 
tive hall, is said to have been of the most 
winning character, and his urbane man- 
ners and amiable disposition made him 
a general favorite. He was Secretary 
of the Navy during the whole of Presi- 
dent Pierce's administration, and he 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



117 



died in Fayetteville, North Carolina, 
August 4, 1857. 

Dochery, A., — He was a native of 
North Carolina, and a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1845 
to 1847, and again from 1851 to 1853. 

Dodd, Edward. — Born in Salem, 
Washington County, New York, in 
1805 ; was bred a merchant ; chosen 
County Clerk of the County of "Wash- 
ington for three terms of three years 
each, commencing January 1, 1835; was 
a member of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion of New York in 1846 ; and a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, in 1855, serv- 
ing on the Committee on the District of 
Columbia. 

Doddridge^ Philip, — He was a 

Kepresentative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, in 1829, and continued in that 
position until his death, which occurred 
in Washington, November 19, 1832. 
He was a distinguished lawyer, and 
commanded great influence in Congress. 
He was about sixty years of age. 

Dodge, Auffustns C. — He was 

born in Missouri, and was a Delegate to 
Congress, from the Territory of Iowa, 
from 1841 to 1847 ; a Senator in Con- 
gress, from the State of Iowa, from 1848 
to 1855; after which he received, from 
President Pierce, the appointment of 
Minister to Spain, which he resigned. 
He was a Delegate also to the Chicago 
Convention of 1864. 

Dodge, Henry. — He was born in 
Indiana, and removing to Wisconsin, 
served, with great credit, as an officer 
of volunteers, on the Northwestern 
frontiers. He distinguished himself es- 
pecially in the Black Hawk war, and, 
as an Indian fighter, was thought to 
have no superior. When the first regi- 
ment of dragoons was raised in 1833, he 
was appointed Colonel, which office he 
resigned in 1836, when he was appointed 
Governor of Wisconsin Territory and 
Superintendent of Indian Aft'airs. He 
was a Delegate to Congress, from Wis- 
consin, from 1841 to 1845, and a Senator 
in Congress, from the State of Wiscon- 
sin, from 1849 to 1857. 

Doe, Nicholas B. — Born in New 
York, and elected a Representative, from 



that State, to the Twenty-sixth Con- 
gress, in place of A. Brown,- deceased. 

Doig, Andretv W. — He was born 
in Washington County, New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1839 to 1843, having 
previously served one year, 1832, in the 
State Assembly. He was many years 
a teacher and surveyor, a County Clerk 
for one year, and held the oflBce of Sur- 
rogate from 1835 to 1840. He went to 
California in 1849, but subsequently re- 
turned to his native county. 

Doneyelles, Peter, — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1813 to 1815. 

Donnell, MicJiard S. — He was 

born in North Carolina, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1847 to 1849. In 1863 he 
published a Letter on the Rebellion, 
which attracted great attention. 

Donnelly, Ignatius, — He was 

born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 
November 3, 1831 ; graduated at the 
Central High School in that city ; stu- 
died law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1853 ; emigrated to Minnesota in 
1857 ; was elected Lieutenant-Governor 
of that State in 1859 ; re-elected in 1861, 
and in 1862 was elected a Representa- 
tive, from Minnesota, to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, and served on the 
Committees on the Post-office and Post- 
roads, and Expenditures in the Interior 
Department. 

Doolittle, tT, H. — Born in Hamp- 
ton, Washington County, New York, 
January 3, 1815; graduated at Geneva 
College in 1834; is a lawyer by profes- 
sion, and was admitted to the Supreme 
Court of New York in 1837. He was 
District Attorney, for several years, for 
Wyoming County, New York ; and re- 
moved to Wisconsin in 1851 ; was cho- 
sen Judge of the Pirst Judicial Circuit 
of that State in 1853, but resigned in 
1856. He was elected a Senator of the 
United States in 1857, for six years, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on Indian Aft'airs. He was also a mem- 
ber of the Peace Congress of 1861. In 
1863 he was re-elected for the term end- 
ing in 1869. 

Dorsey, Cletnent. — He was born 



118 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Maryland, from 1825 to 1831. 
Died August 6, 1846. 

Doty, James D. — He was born in 
Eew York, was a Delegate to Congress, 
from the Territory of Wisconsin, from 
1839 to 1841, and a Representative in 
Congress, from the State of Wisconsin, 
from 1849 to 1853. He was also, for 
many years, United States Judge for 
Northern Michigan ; also Superinten- 
dent of Indian Aifairs ; and from 1841 
to 1844 Governor of Wisconsin. 

Doubleday. Ulysses F. — He was 

born in New York, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1831 to 1833, and again from 1835 
to 1837. 

IDouglas, Stephen A. — Was born 
at Brandon, Rutland County, Vermont, 
April 23, 1813. He lost his father while 
an infant, and his mother being left in 
destitute circumstances, he entered a 
cabinet shop at Middleljury, in his na- 
tive State, for the purpose of learning 
the trade. After remaining there for 
several months, he returned to Brandon, 
where he continued for a year at the 
same calling, but his health obliged him 
to abandon it, and he became a student 
in the academy. His mother having 
married a second time, he followed her 
to Canandaigua, in the State of New 
York. Here he pursued the study of 
the law until his removal to Cleveland, 
Ohio, in 1831. From Cleveland he 
went still farther west, and finally set- 
tled in Jacksonville, Illinois. He was 
at first employed as clerk to an auc- 
tioneer, and afterwards kept school, 
devoting all the time he could spare to 
the study of the law. In 1834 he was 
admitted to the bar, soon obtained a 
lucrative practice, and was elected At- 
torney-General of the State. In 1837 
he was appointed, by President Van 
Buren, Register of the Land-oflice, at 
Springfield, Illinois. He afterwards 
practised his profession, and, in 1840, 
was elected Secretary of State, and the 
following year Judge of the Supreme 
Court. This ofiice he resigned, after 
sitting upon the bench for two years, in 
consequence of ill health. In 1843 he 
was elected to Congress, and continued 
a member of the Lower House for four 
years. In December, 1847, he was 



elected to the United States Senate. He 
was Chairman of the Committee on 
Territories. In 1860 he was the candi- 
date of his own party for the ofiice of 
President, but was defeated. 

Doivdell, tTaines F. — Born in Jas- 
per County, Georgia, November 26, 
1818 ; graduated at Randolph Macon 
College in 1840, and is a lawyer by 
profession ; he removed to Alabama in 
1846, and took charge of a female col- 
lege for one year, and afterwards en- 
gaged in farming and planting. He 
was a Representative, from Alabama, in 
the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and 
Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committee of Ways and 
Means, and also that of Inquiry into 
the Cost of Public Printing and Laws 
relating thereto. 

Doivning, Charles. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Delegate to Con- 
gress, from the Territory of Plorida, 
from 1837 to 1841. Died October 24, 
1841. 

Doivns, Solomon W. — He was 

Collector of the Port of New Orleans, 
and from 1847 to 1853 a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Louisiana. He died at Or- 
chard Springs, Kentucky, August 14, 
1854. 

Dowse, Edtvard. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, from 1819 to 1821. 

Drahe, John M. — He was one of 

the earliest settlers in Tioga County, 
New York ; was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 
1819; was elected Judge of Tioga 
County in 1833 ; and was a member of 
the New York Assembly in 1834. He 
was in ill health for eight years before 
his death, which occurred at Oswego, 
March 21, 1857, in the seventy-fourth 
year of his age. 

Draper, JosepJl. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1830 to 1831, and again from 1832 
to 1833. 

Drayton, William. — Born in St. 
Augustine, Florida, December 30, 1776; 
went to school in England, and on re- 
turning to South Carolina was for a 
time Assistant Clerk in a Court of Ses- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



119 



sions ; studied law, and came to the bar 
in 1797 ; was a Captain in the South 
Carolina militia ; in 1812 was commis- 
sioned a Colonel in the United States 
Army, and Inspector-General •in 1814 ; 
assisted Generals Scott and Macomb in 
preparing a System of Infantry Tactics 
for the army ; was elected Recorder of 
Charleston in 1819 ; was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from South Carolina, 
from 1825 to 1833 ; and was chosen 
President of the United States Bank in 
1840. Died in Philadelphia, May 24, 
1846. 

Driggs, John F. — Was born in' 
Kinderhook, New York, March 8, 1813; 
was apprenticed to a mechanical busi- 
ness connected with building in New 
York City, and was a master mechanic 
until 1856 ; in 1844 he was appointed 
Superintendent of the New York Peni- 
tentiary, holding the office one year ; 
settled in East Saginaw, Michigan, in 
1856 ; was President of that village in 
1858 ; during the two following years 
he was a member of the Michigan Le- 
gislature ; and in 1862 he was elected a 
Kepresentative, from Michigan, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a 
member of the Committee on Public 
Lands. 

Drum, Augustus. — He was bom 

in Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1853 to 1855. 

Drumgoole, George C — He was 

born in Virginia ; educated a lawyer ; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Virginia, from 1885 to 1841, and 
also from 1843 to 1847 ; and died April 
28, 1847. 

Dudletj, Charles E. — He was 

born in Rhode Island, but early settled 
in Albany, New York. He was a mer- 
chant by occupation, and attained great 
wealth. He was at one time Mayor of 
Albany, served in the New York Le- 
gislature from 1820 to 1825, and was a 
Senator in Congress, from that State, 
from 1828 to 1833. Died at Albany, 
January 23, 1841. His widow founded 
an astronomical observatory at Albany, 
to which she gave the name of her hus- 
band. 

Dudley f Edivard B. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from 1829 



to 1881 ; and in 1836 was elected the 
first Governor of North Carolina under 
the amended Constitution of that State. 
He was subsequently appointed Presi- 
dent of the Wilmington and Raleigh 
Railroad Company, and died at Wil- 
mington, North Carolina, in November, 
1855. 

Duell, It. Holland. — Born in 

Warren, Herkimer County, New York, 
December 20, 1823 ; received an aca- 
demic education ; studied law and was 
admitted to the bar in 1845 ; in 1850 he 
was elected District Attorney for Cort- 
land County, and held the office six 
years ; in 1856 he was elected County 
Judge for said county ; and in 1858 he 
was elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
as Chairman of the Committee on Re- 
volutionary Pensions. 

Duer, Williani. — Born in the city 
of New York, May 25, 1805. He gradu- 
ated at Columbia College in 1824 ; stu- 
died law, and in 1828, removed to 
Oswego, soon after returning to New 
York ; he subsequently removed to 
New Orleans, and again returned to 
Oswego ; he served in the Legislature 
of New York on two occasions; was 
District Attorney for Oswego County, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
1847 to 1851. 

Dumont, Ebenezer. — Born in 

Vevay, Switzerland County, Territory 
of Indiana, November 23, 1814; at- 
tended the Indiana University at 
Bloomington, but did not graduate ; 
adopted the profession of law ; was a 
member of the State Legislature in 
1838 ; from 1839 to 1845 was Treasurer 
of his county ; served in the war with 
Mexico as a Lieutenant-Colonel, and 
was in several battles ; was a Presiden- 
tial Elector in 1852 ; in 1850 and 1853 
he was again elected to the Legislature ; 
was President for nine years of the 
State Bank of Indiana ; when the Rebel- 
lion broke out, he was appointed Colonel 
of the Seventh Indiana Volunteers, 
and was at the battle of Philippi in West 
Virginia ; was subsequently in charge 
of a brigade at Murfreesboro, and after 
the battle at that place, was assigned to 
the command of the troops at Nash- 



120 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



ville ; from that place he led an expe- 
dition against John Morgan, taking 
nearly his whole command; and in 
1862, while yet in the field, he was 
elected a Kepresentative, from Indiana, 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
on the Committees on the District of 
Columbia, and on Revolutionary Pen- 
sions. 

Dunbar, Willia'in. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Loui- 
siana, from 1853 to 1855. 

Duncan, Aleocander. — He was a 

member of the House of Representatives 
in Congress, from Ohio, from 1837 to 
1841, and from 1843 to 1845. He died 
in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 2, 1852. 

Duncan, Daniel. — Born in the 
town of Shippensburg, Cumberland 
County, Pennsylvania, July 22, 1806, 
and died in Washington, June 18, 1849. 
He was bred a merchant, and in 1843 
was elected to the Legislature of Ohio, 
frora Licking County. He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress from 1847 to 
1849 ; and more a man of action than 
of words. 

Duncan, Garnett. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1847 
to 1849. 

Duncan, James If.— He was born 
in Haverhill, Massachusetts, December 
5, 1793 ; adopted the profession of law ; 
served four years in the State Legisla- 
ture ; was a State Senator from 1828 to 
1831; State Councillor in 1840 and 
1841 ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from his native State, from 1849 
to 1853. 

Duncan, Joseph. — He served in 
the army with credit during the late 
war with England ; held various oflBces 
of distinction and trust ; was at one 
time Governor of Illinois, and a Repre- 
sentative ill Congress, from that State, 
from 1827 to 1835. He died at Jack- 
sonville, Illinois, January 15, 1844. 

Dmiham, Cyrus L. — He is a na- 
tive of New York State. As a farmer's 
boy he worked laboriously during the 
summer months, to obtain means for 
his education during the winter ; after 
acquiring the rudiments, he filled the 



humblest position on board a fishing 
craft from one of the seaports of Massa- 
chusetts to Newfoundland, and after 
completing his studies, he removed to 
Salem, Indiana, taught school and stu- 
died law, and was admitted to the bar. 
He was elected to the Legislature of 
Indiana, in 1846 and 1847, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1849 to 1855. 

Dunlap, George W. — He was born 
in Payette County, Kentucky, Febru- 
ary 22, 1813 ; graduated at Transylvania 
University, Lexington ; studied law 
and adopted that profession ; was a 
member of the Kentucky Legislature ; 
also of the Border State Convention 
held in May, 1861 ; and was elected a 
Representative, from Kentucky, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as 
Chairman of the Committee on the Navy 
Department, and also as a member of 
the Committee on Accounts. 

Dunlap, Robert P. — He was born 
in Maine ; graduated at Bowdoin Col- 
lege in 1815 ; studied law and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1818 ; in 1821, 
1822, and 1823, was a member of the 
State Legislature ; in 1823 he was elected 
a State Senator, serving nine years, and 
presided over that body four years ; in 
1833 he was a member of the Executive 
Council of Maine ; in 1834 he was 
elected Governor of Maine, and served 
four years ; and he was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1843 to 1847. 
During the years 1848 and 1849, he was 
Collector of Customs for Portland ; and 
from 1853 to 1857, Postmaster of Bruns- 
wick ; after which he became President 
of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin 
College. Died in Brunswick, Maine, 
October 20, 1859, aged seventy years. 

Dunlap, William C. — He was 

born in Tennessee, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1833 to 1837. 

Dunn, George G. — He was born 
in 1813, and died in Lawrence County, 
Indiana, in September, 1857. He had 
held many high oflicial trusts, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 1847 
to 1849. He was a lawyer, and noted 
for his abilities as an orator. 

Dunn, George H. — He was a Re- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



121 



presentative in Congress, from Indiana, 
from 1837 to 1839. 

J>unn, William 3IcKee. — Born 
in the Territory of Indiana, December 
12, 1814; graduated at the State Col- 
lege of Indiana in 1832 ; taught school 
for two years, and having entered Yale 
College, received from College the de- 
gree of A. M. in 1835 ; adopted the pro- 
fession of law ; was elected to the In- 
diana Legislature in 1848 ; a member of 
the State Constitutional Convention in 
1850 ; and in 1858 was elected a Eepre- 
sentative, from Indiana, to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Manufactures and Roads and 
Canals. Ee-electedtothe Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Patents, after which he 
became a Judge-Advocate in the army. 

Diirell, Daniel M. — He was born 
in Massachusetts ; graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in 1794 ; studied law and 
entered upon the practice at Dover in 
1797 ; and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 1807 
to 1809. He also held the post of United 
States District Attorney from 1830 to 
1834. He died in 1841, aged seventy- 
one years. 

Durfee, tfoh. — He was born at Ti- 
verton, Rhode Island, in 1790; gradu- 
ated at Brown University in 1813 ; 
adopted the profession of the law ; and 
though for a long time Chief Justice of 
Rhode Island, he devoted much atten- 
tion to poetry and belles-lettres gene- 
rally. He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Rhode Island, from 1821 to 
1825. He died in 1847. 

Durfee, Natlianiel B. — He was 

born in Tiverton, Rhode Island, Sep- 
tember 29, 1812; received a good clas- 
sical education at Newport ; from 1838 
to 18.50 devoted himself to the pursuits 
of agriculture ; he represented the town 
of Warwick, some seven or eight years, 
in the State Legislature, and the town 
of Tiverton, four years ; and, having 
been elected a member of the Thirty- 
fourth Congress, served his term, and 
was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on 
Manufactures. 

Durkee, Charles. — Born in Royal- 
ton, Vermont, December 5, 1807 ; was 



a merchant; removed to Wisconsin, 
and was elected to the Legislature of 
that State in 1837 and 1838 ; a Repre- 
sentative in Congress in 1848 and 1850; 
and a United States Senator for six 
years, commencing March, 1855, serv- 
ing as a member of the Committees 
on Revolutionary and Private Land 
Claims. He was a Delegate also to the 
Peace Congress of 1861. 

Duval, Williafn P. — Born in Vir- 
ginia in 1784, but in early life went to 
Kentucky, where he studied and prac- 
tised law ; he was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1813 to 1815 ; and in 
1822 was appointed Governor of Florida 
by President Monroe, and reappointed 
by Adams and Jackson. In 1848 he 
removed to Texas; and died in Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia, March 
19, 1854. 

Duvall^Oabi'iel. — He was born in 
1751, of a Huguenot family; served as 
a clerk to the first Legislature of Mary- 
land, before the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence ; he was a Representative in 
Congress, from Maryland, from 1794 to 
1796; Comptroller of the United States 
Treasury in 1802; and in 1811 was ap- 
pointed a Judge of the Supreme Court 
of the State, which otBce he held for 
twenty years. He died in Prince George 
County, Maryland, March 6, 1844. 

Divight, Henry W, — Born in 

Berkshire County, Massachusetts ; was 
a member of the Massachusetts Legisla- 
ture in 1818 and 1834 ; and a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1821 to 1831, and died in New 
York, February 21, 1845. 

Dwightf Tlieodore. — Born in 

Northampton, Massachusetts, in 1765. 
Soon after the Revolution he studied 
law, and attained a high po.sition as a 
lawyer ; for a great number of years he 
was a State Senator in Connecticut ; 
and he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, during the years 1806 and 1807. 
He was a ready and brilliant writer ; 
conducted for a time the Hartford Mir- 
ror ; was Secretary of the Hartford 
Convention, of which he wrote the au- 
thentic history; in 1815, at the sugges- 
tion of leading men, he established the 
Albany Daily Advertiser ; and in 1817 
founded the New York Daily Adver- 
tiser, which he conducted with signal 



122 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



ability until 1836, when lie removed to 
Hartford, Connecticut, and retired from 
active lii^e. About three years before 
bis death he went to New York to re- 
side with his son, and died in that city, 
June 11, 1846. 

Dwight, Thomas. — He graduated 
at Harvard University in 1778; was a 
menaber of the Massachusetts Legisla- 
ture in 1794 and 1795; a State Senator 
from 1796 to 1803 and 1813 ; and a mem- 
ber of the Executive Council in 1808 
and 1809 ; and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, from 
1803 to 1805 ; and died in 1819. 

Dwinell, tTustin. — He graduated 
at Yale College in 1805; was a member 
of the New York Assembly in 1821 and 
1822 ; and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1828 to 
1825. 

Eager, S. W. — He graduated at 
Princeton College in 1809; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1829 to 1831. 

Earle, Elias, — He was born in 
Frederick County, Yirginia, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1805 to 1807, from 1811 
to 1815, and again from 1817 to 1821. 

Earle, John B. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from South Caro- 
lina, from 1803 to 1805. 

Earle, Samuel.— Tie was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from South Caro- 
lina, from 1795 to 1797. 

Earll, Jonas. — Born in 1786 ; was 
at one time a Senator in the New York 
Legislature ; a member of Congress, 
from that State, from 1827 to 1831; and 
a Canal Commissioner at the time of his 
death, which occurred at Syracuse, New 
York, in October, 1846. 

Earll, Nehemiah H. — He was 

born in New York, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1839 to 1841. 

Early, Peter. — Born in Madison 
County, Virginia, June 20, 1773, and 
emigrated to Georgia with his father in 
1795. He graduated at Nassau Hall, 
Princeton, and studied law in Philadel- 



phia. He served in the United States 
House of Representatives, from G-eorgia, 
from 1802 to 1807 ; and was one of the 
most conspicuous among its members 
who supported the Administration. On 
his return to Georgia, he was made a 
Jvidge of the Supreme Court of the 
State, and in 1813 was elected Governor 
of his adopted State. He was subse- 
quently a State Senator, but for several 
years before his death lived in retire- 
ment. He died August 15, 1817. 

Easterbrook, Experience.— ^ovn 

in Lebanon, Grafton Cou^nty, New 
Hampshire, April 30, 1813; received a 
good academic education ; studied law 
in Buffalo, and graduated at the Law 
School of Marshall College, Pennsyl- 
vania; removed to Wisconsin in 1840, 
where he practised his profession until 
1854 ; besides holding a number of 
county offices he was a member of the 
Convention that formed the Constitu- 
tion of that State ; served also in the 
Legislature of Wisconsin, and was At- 
torney-General of the State. In 1854 
he was appointed United States District 
Attorney for the Territory of Nebraska, 
which office he held until 1859, when 
he was elected a Delegate to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress from Nebraska. 

Eastman, Benjamin C. — A Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Wiscon- 
sin, from 1851 to 1855. He died Febru- 
ary 5, 1856, at Platteville, in that State. 

Eastman, Ira A. — He was born in 
New Hampshire ; graduated in Dart- 
mouth College in 1829 ; served in the 
State Legislature, and was Speaker of 
the House from 1837 to 1839 ; he was at 
one time Secretary of the State Senate ; 
Register of Probate ; and from 1844 to 
1859 was a Judge of the Circuit and 
Supreme Court ; and elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Hamp- 
shire, from 1839 to 1843. 

Eastman, Nehemiah. — Was born 
in Strafford County, New Hampshire ; 
was a lawyer by profession ; settled at 
Parmington, New Hampshire ; was a 
Senator in the State Legislature from 
1820 to 1825 ; a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 1825 
to 1827. Died January 11, 1856, aged 
sixty-five years. 

Easton, Bufus. — He was a Dele- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



123 



gate to Cons;re.ss, from Missouri Terri- 
tory, from 1814 to 1816. 

Eaton, tfohti H. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Tennessee, from 
1818 to 1829 ; was Secretary of War 
under President Jackson (as well as a 
warm personal friend), from 1829 to 
1831 ; from 1884 to 1836 was Governor 
of the Territory of Florida ; and from 

1836 to 1840, Minister Plenipotentiary 
to Spain. He died in "Washington, Dis- 
trict of Columbia, November 17, 1856, 
aged sixty -six years. 

Eaton, Lewis. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1823 to 182^5. 

Eekert, George N. — He was born 
in .Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1847 to 1849. 

EcMey, Ephraim M. — Born in 
Jefferson County, Ohio, December 9, 
1812 ; received his education in the 
West; read law, and came to the bar in 

1837 ; was a member of the Ohio Senate 
in 1843, 1845, and 1849, serving until 
1851 ; and in 1853 he was elected to the 
State House of Representatives. After 
the Rebellion broke out he had charge, 
as Colonel, of the Twenty-sixth and 
Eightieth Regiments of Ohio volunteers, 
serving through several battles, and at 
the battle of Corinth he had command 
of a brigade. In 1862 he was elected a 
Representative, from Ohio, to the Thir- 
ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Private Land Claims, and on 
Roads and Canals ; and in March, 1863, 
resigned his position in the army. 

Eddy, Norman. — He was born in 
New York, and having removed to In- 
diana, was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

Eddy, Samuel. — Born in Provi- 
dence, Rhode Island, March 31, 1769; 
graduated at Brown University in 1787 ; 
studied law, but did not long engage in 
practice. In 1798 he was chosen Secre- 
tary of State, and held the office for 
twenty-one years, when he resigned, 
and was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from his native State, from 
1819 to 1825. He was subsequently 
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of 
Rhode Island, for eight years. H^e- 



voted some attention to literary pursuits, 
and published a work on "Antiquities," 
and was honored, in 1801, with the de- 
gree of LL.D. He died in Providence, 
February 3, 1839. 

Eden, John JR. — Was born in Bath 
Count}^, Kentucky, February 1, 1826 ; 
went with his parents at an early age to 
Indiana, and received a common school 
education; studied law, and commenced 
the practice of it in Illinois. In 1856 
he was appointed State Attorney for the 
Seventeenth District, which office he 
held four years ; and in 1862 he was 
elected a Representative, from Illinois, 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committees on Ac- 
counts and Revolutionary Pensions. 

Edgerton, Alfred P. — He was 

born in New York, and removing to 
Ohio, was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 
1855. 

Edgerton, Joseph Ketchutn. — 

Born in Vergennes, V ermont, February 
16, 1818 ; spent his j'^outh in Clinton 
County, New York, and received a 
common school education, chiefly at 
Plattsburg ; read law ; settled in New 
York City in 1835, and came to the bar 
in 1839, and removed to Fort Wayne, 
Indiana, in 1844. In 1855 he was Pre- 
sident of the Fort Wayne and Chicago 
Railroad Company, and subsequently 
financial agent of the same when con- 
solidated with the Pittsburg road, and 
in 1862 he was elected a Representative, 
from Indiana, to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on Na- 
val Affairs. 

Edgerton, Sidney. — Born in Caze- 
novia, Madison County, New York, in 
1818 ; became an orphan when a mere 
boy, and acquired an academic educa- 
tion by means of his own exertions, 
teaching school and studying at the 
same time ; removed to Ohio in 1844 
and studied law, spending one year at 
the Law School in Cincinnati ; he was 
a Prosecuting Attorney for four years 
in Summit County ; and was elected a Re- 
presentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving as a member of 
the Committee on the District of Co- 
lumbia. Re-elected to the Thirty-se- 
venth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Revolutionary Claims and 



124 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Private Land Claims. He was appointed 
by President Lincoln a Judge for the 
Territory of Idaho, and subsequently 
Grovernor of Montana. 

JEdie, John R. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and elected a Eepresen- 
tative to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty- 
fifth Congresses, serving as a member 
of the Committee on Patents. 

Edniond, Williatti. — Born at 
South Britain, Connecticut, September 
28, 1755, and graduated at Yale Col- 
lege in 1773. He was a volunteer sol- 
dier at the burning of Danbury, and 
received a wound in the leg, which 
made him lame for life. He was a law- 
yer by profession-; was chosen a mem- 
ber of the Legislature, member of the 
Council, and Judge of the Supreme 
Court of the State ; and a member of 
Congress, from 1798 to 1801. He died 
in Newton, Connecticut, August 1, 1838. 

Edmonds, J. Wiley. — He was 

born in Massachusetts, and was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1853 to 1855. 

Edmundson, Henry A. — He was 

born in Virginia, and having been 
elected a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, in 1849, has been re- 
elected to each successive Congress, 
serving in the Thirty-sixth Congress as 
a member of the Committee on Public 
Expenditures. 

Edsallf tToseph E. — He was born 

in Sussex County, New Jersey, and was 
elected a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1839. He 
was also a member of the State Legisla- 
ture, and of the Convention which 
framed the last State Constitution. 

Edwards, JBenjaniin. — Born in 
Stafford County, Virginia, in 1752, and 
died in Todd County, Kentucky, No- 
vember 13, 1826. He had not the ad- 
vantage of a classical education, and his 
pursuits were those of agriculture and 
merchandise. He was a member of the 
Maryland Legislature ; also of the State 
Convention which ratified the Federal 
Constitution ; and a member of Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1793 to 
1795. He spent the later years of his 
life in Kentucky, but held no public 
positions in that State. 



Edwards, Francis S. — He was 

born in Norwich, Connecticut, May 28, 
1818 ; adopted the profession of law ; 
and removing to New York, was ap- 
pointed a Master in Chancery in 1841 
for the County of Chenango ; in 1851 
was elected Surrogate of Chautauque 
County; and in 1854 to the Thirty- 
fourth Congress. 

Edwards, Henry W. — He was 

born at New Haven, Connecticut, in 
1779 ; graduated at Princeton College 
in 1797; studied his profession at the 
Litchfield Law School, and settled in 
New Haven. He was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from 1819 to 1823 ; United 
States Senator from 1823 to 1827 ; mem- 
ber of the State Senate in 1828 and 1829; 
Speaker of the Connecticut House of 
Representatives in 1830 ; Governor in 
1833, and from 1835 to 1838 ; and upon 
his recommendation a geological sur- 
vey of the State was taken. He died in 
New Haven, July 22, 1847. 

Edwards, tTohn. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Kentucky, from 
1792 to 1795. 

Edwards, John. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1837 
to 1843. 

EdwardSj, tTohn. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1839 to 1843, and died in 
Chester, Pennsylvania, June 25, 1848. 

Edwards, John C — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Mis- 
souri, from 1841 to 1843, and Governor 
of that State, from 1844 to 1848. 

Edwards, N'inian. — Born in 

Montgomery County, Maryland, March, 
1775. He was in early life the intimate 
friend of "William Wirt, and graduated 
at Dickinson College. He studied both 
medicine and law, but devoted himself 
to the practice of the law with eminent 
success. Removing to Kentucky, he 
was twice elected to the Legislature ; 
was appointed a Circuit Clerk, and sub- 
sequently Judge of the General Court 
of Kentucky, of the Circuit Court, of 
the Court of Appeals, and, finally. Chief 
Justice of the State, and all before reach- 
ing the thirty-second year of his age. 
I» 1809 President Madison appointed 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



125 



him Governor of the Territory of Illi- 
nois, to which office he was three times 
reappointed. Before Congress had 
adopted any measures on the subject of 
volunteer rangers, he organized compa- 
nies, supplied them with arms, built 
stockade forts, and established a line of 
posts from the mouth of the Missouri to 
the Wabash Kiver. He was thus pre- 
pared for defence, and during the In- 
dian wars on the frontiers, was most de- 
voted to his country's service. In 1816 
he was appointed a Commissioner to 
treat with the Indian tribes. When Il- 
linois became a State, he was elected a 
Senator in Congress, serving from 1818 
to 1824, when he was appointed Minister 
to Mexico, but declined the office. In 
1826 he was elected G-overnor of the 
State of Illinois, which office he filled 
until 1831. He died of cholera, Julj^ 
20, 1833. 

Edwards, Samuel. — He was born 
in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1819 to 1827. 

Edwards, TJiomas M. — Born in 

Cheshire, New Hampshire ; graduated 
at Dartmouth College ; adopted the pro- 
fession of law ; served eight years in the 
New Hampshire Legislature, between 
the years 1834 and 1856 ; was a Pre- 
sidential Elector in 1856 ; and in 1859 
was elected a Representative from New 
Hampshire to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Indian Aflairs. Ee-elected 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress. 

Edwards, Tlioinas O. — He was 

born in Maryland, and having taken up 
his residence in Ohio, was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1847 to 1849. 

Edwards, Weldon JV. — Born in 

Northampton County, North Carolina, 
in 1788; educated at Warrenton Aca- 
demy ; read law, and came to the bar 
in 1810 ; was in the Legislature for two 
years ; and was a member of Congress, 
from 1816 to 1827. He again went into 
the Legislature, serving there from 
1833 to 1844; and was re-elected in 
1850, when he was made President of 
the State Senate. 

Effner, Valentine. — He was born 



in New York ; a member of the Assem- 
bly of that State in 1829 ; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1835 to 1837. 

Egbert, Joseph. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 
1843. 

Ege, George. — He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsj^lvania, 
during the years 1796 and 1797. 

Eggleston, Josepli. — Born in 
Amelia County, Virginia, November 
24, 1754, and died February 15, 1811. 
He was educated at the College of Wil- 
liam and Mary ; served in the Revolu- 
tionary war as a Captain and Major of 
cavalry under Colonel Henry Lee ; was 
in several of the battles fought by Gates 
and Greene ; he served in the Virginia 
Assembly for several years ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 1798 
to 1801. From the time of his leaving 
Congress until his death, he was a Jus- 
tice of the Peace. 

Eldredge, Charles A. — He was 

born in Bridgeport, Addison County, 
Vermont, February 27, 1821. When a 
child he removed with his parents to 
St. Lawrence County, New York ; stu- 
died law in that State, and came to the 
bar in 1846. In 1848 he removed to 
Fond du Lac, Wisconsin; in 1854 and 
1855 he was a member of the State Se- 
nate ; and in 1862 he was elected a Re- 
presentative from Wisconsin to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Revolutionary Claims. 

Eliot, Samuel A. — Born in Boston, 
Massachusetts, March 5, 1798; educated 
at Harvard College, and engaged in com- 
mercial and manufacturing business. 
He was Mayor of Boston, from 1837 to 
1839 ; Representative and Senator in the 
Legislature for three or four years ; and 
a Representative in Congress, from 1850 
to 1851. He was also Treasurer of Har- 
vard College eleven years. Died at 
Cambridge in 1861. 

Eliot, Thomas D. — Born in Bos- 
ton, Massachusetts, March 20, 1808; 
graduated at Columbia College, Wash- 
ington, in 1825 ; adopted the profession 
of law, and settled at New Bedford ; 
served in both houses of the Massachu- 



126 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



setts Legislature ; served as a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress for the unexpired 
term of Zeno Scudder, in 1855 ; and was 
elected a Eepresentative, from Massa- 
chusetts, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Com- 
merce ; re-elected to the Thirty -seventh 
Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
Special Committee on Confiscation of 
the property of rebels ; and was re- 
elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving on the Committees on Com- 
merce and on Expenditures in the Trea- 
sury Department. 

Ellery, CJiristojyJier. — B^e gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1787; was a 
Senator in Congress, from Ehode Island, 
from 1801 to 1805 ; and was appointed, 
in the latter year. United States Com- 
missioner of Loans. He was appointed 
Collector of Newport in 1828 ; and died 
in 1840. 

ISllicott, Benjamin. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1817 to 1819. 

Elliot, John. — He graduated at 
Yale College in 1794; resided in Sun- 
bury, Liberty County, Georgia, and was 
a Senator in Congress, from that State, 
from 1819 to 1825, serving on several 
important committees. He died August 
9, 1827. 

Elliot, Thomas D. — He was born 
in Massachusetts ; adopted the profes- 
sion of law ; was a State Senator in 
1846 ; and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1854 to 
1855. He was also elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress in 1859. 

Elliott^ James. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative m Congress, from Vermont, 
from 1803 to 1809, and died at ISTewfane, 
Vermont, November 10, 1839. 

Elliott, John M. — Born in Scott 
County, Virginia, May 16, 1820. He 
was educated in the county schools of 
Kentucky ; studied law, and commenced 
the practice in 1843 ; was elected to the 
State Legislature in 1847 ; and in 1853 
was elected a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Puljlic Expenditures. 

Ellis, Caleb. — Born at Walpole, 
Massachusetts, and graduated at Har- 



vard College in 1793; when admitted 
to the bar he settled at Claremont, New 
Hampshire. He was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from 1805 to 1809; was a 
member of the Council, and in 1811 
elected to the State Senate. In 1812 he 
was one of the Electors of President 
and Vice-President; and in 1813 was 
Judge of the Supreme Court of New 
Hampshire, and continued in that office 
until his death, which occurred May 9, 
1816, aged forty-nine years. 

Ellis, Cheselden. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 
1845. 

Ellis, Foivhatan. — He was born 

in Virginia, but removing at an early 
day to Mississippi, there devoted him- 
self to the practice of law. He became 
one of the Judges of the Supreme Court 
of that State; in 1825 he was appointed 
to a seat in the United States Senate, but 
was displaced by the Legislature; in 
1827, however, the Legislature elected 
him a Senator in Congress, where he 
served until 1833. In 1836 he was ap- 
pointed Charge d' Aftaires toMexico, and 
in 1839 full Minister to that republic. 

Ellis, William C. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1823 to 1825. 

Ellison, Andretv. — He was born 
in Ireland, and having emigrated to 
Ohio, was elected a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from 1853 to 1855. 

Ellswoi'th, Oliver. — Born at 
Windsor, Connecticut, April 29, 1745, 
and graduated at Princeton College, 
New Jersey, in 1766. He studied law, 
and soon became eminent in the prac- 
tice. In 1777 he was chosen a Delegate 
in Congress, from Connecticut. In 1780 
he was elected to the Council of Connec- 
ticut, and was a member of that body 
till 1784, when he was appointed a 
Judge of the Superior Court of that 
State. In 1787 he was elected a member 
of the Convention which framed the 
Federal Constitution. In an assembly 
illustrious for talents, erudition, and 
patriotism, he held adistinguishedplace. 
His exertions essentially aided in the 
production of an instrument which has 
been the main pillar of American pros- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



127 



perity and glory. He was afterwards 
a member of the State Convention of 
Connecticut, and contributed his eflbrts 
toward procuring the ratification of the 
Constitution by that State. When the 
Federal Government was organized, in 
1789, he was a member of the Senate, 
from Connecticut. In 1796 he was ap- 
pointed, by Washington, Chief Justice 
of the Supreme Court of the United 
States, but resigned the office, on account 
of ill health, in 1800. In 1799 he was 
appointed, by President Adams, Envoy 
Extraordinary to France, for the pur- 
pose of settling a treaty with that na- 
tion. He received the degree of LL.D., 
in 1790, from Yale College, and in 1797 
from Dartmouth. He died November 
26, 1807. 

Ellsworth, Samuel S. — He was 

born in Vermont; was a member of the 
New York Assembly in 1840, and a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1845 to 1847. 

Ellsworth, William, W. — He was 

born in Windsor, Hartford County, 
Connecticut, November 10, 1791; gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1810; adopted 
the profession of law, and was JProfessor 
of Law in Trinity College ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Con- 
necticut, from 1829 to 1833. In 1838 
he was elected Governor of Connecticut, 
and re-elected four years ; and for many 
years past has been a Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of Connecticut. 

ElinaJcer,Amos. — He was a native 
of Pennsylvania, and a lawyer by pro- 
fession ; was an officer in the army which 
marched from Pennsylvania to the de- 
fence of Baltimore in 1812. He was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from the 
Dauphin District of Pennsylvania, from 
18J.4 to 1815, having been elected to fill 
the vacancy caused by the resignation 
of James Whitehill. He was appointed 
President Judge of the Dauphin, Leba- 
non, and Schuylkill District; was At- 
torney-General of the State; and in 
1832 was a candidate for the Vice-Pre- 
sidency of the United States. He re- 
tired from the active duties of his pro- 
fession, and resided in Lancaster City, 
where he died in 1851. Some authori- 
ties give this name as Slaymaker ; but 
it is presumed that the above spelling 
is correct. 



Elmendorf, Lucas. — He gradu- 
ated at Princeton in 1782, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1797 to 1803; a member of 
the Assembly of that State in 1804 and 
1805; and a State Senator from 1814 to 
1817. 

Elmer, Ehenezer. — He was born 

in Cedarville, New Jersey, in 1752; was 
educated a physician ; was a field-officer 
in the Revolutionary war ; also a surgeon 
in the army; was President of the So- 
ciety of the Cincinnati for New Jersey ; 
a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1801 to 1807; served a number 
of years in the State Assembly, and was 
chosen Speaker ; he was also for a long 
timeAdjutant-General of the New Jersey 
militia; during the war of 1812, he com- 
manded the troops on the Delaware ; in 
1807 and 1815 he was a member andVice- 
President of the State Council ; in 1808 
he was appointed Collector of Bridge- 
ton, and held the office for many years ; 
and he died at Bridgeton, New Jersey, 
October 18, 1843. He was one who al- 
ways seemed to think more of his duty 
as a public officer than of his private 
interests. 

Elmer, Jonathan. — He was born 
in Cumberland County, New Jersey, in 
1745; was a prominent physician, and 
practised in his native county, having 
graduated with honors at the University 
of Pennsylvania ; was a member of the 
Continental Congress ; and a Senator in 
Congress under the Federal Constitu- 
tion, from 1789 to 1791. During the 
Revolution, he was a Sheriff, a Surrogate, 
and a Judge ; was a man of learning, and 
member of the Philosophical Society of 
America. He died in 1817. 

Elmer, Lucius Q. C. — Born in 

Bridgeton, New Jersey, in 1793; gra- 
duated at Princeton College; was edu- 
cated a lawyer, which profession he 
practised in his native town. For many 
years he was Prosecutor for the State ; 
was in the Assembly from 1820 to 1823, 
the last year being Speaker of that body ; 
and in 1824 he was appointed Attorney 
of the United States for New Jersey, 
which office he filled until 1829. He 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
New Jersey, from 1848 to 1845; in 1850 
was appointed Attorney-General of the 
State ; and in 1852 one of the Justices of 



128 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



the Supreme Court of his State, which 
office he continued to hold until 1859. 

Elmore, Franklin Harper. — 

Born in Laurens District, South Caro- 
lina, in 1799; entered South Carolina 
College in November, 1817, and gradu- 
ated in 1819; he was a lawyer by pro- 
fession, and admitted to the bar in 1821 ; 
was a Colonel of militia, and also a 
Trustee of the South Carolina College. 
In 1822 he was elected Solicitor of the 
Southern Circuit, and was continued in 
this office, by re-elections, until 1837, 
when he was elected to the House of 
Kepresentatives in Congress, and served 
till 1839 ; he was that year elected Pre- 
sident of the Bank of the State of South 
Carolina, which office he held till his 
nomination to the Senate in 1850, to 
fill the vacancy occasioned by the death 
of the Hon. John C. Calhoun. His 
voice was heard but once in the Senate, 
and then in answering to his name when 
called by the Secretary. He died in 
Washington, District of Columbia, May 
29, 1850. 

Ely, Alfred. — "Was born in Lyme, 
New London County, Connecticut, Feb- 
ruary 18, 1815; removed to Rochester, 
New York, in 1885; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1841, where 
he has since practised his profession. 
In 1840, while a student at law, he was 
appointed Clerk of the Recorder's Court 
of Rochester ; in 1858 was elected a Re- 
presentative, from New York, to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress ; was re-elected, 
and while in the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress served as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Invalid Pensions. In July, 
1861, he was a witness of the battle of 
Bull Run, where he was captured and 
taken as a prisoner of war to Richmond ; 
after a confinement of more than five 
months, he was exchanged in December, 
1861, for the Hon. Charles J. Faulkner, 
the American Minister to Prance, who 
had been imprisoned for disloyalty. 
After his return home, Mr. Ely pub- 
lished a book with this title, " Journal 
of Alfred Ely, a Prisoner of War in 
Richmond," edited by the author of 
this Dictionary. 

Ely, John, — He was born in Con- 
necticut, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 1839 
to 1841, having previously served two 
years in the Assembly of that State. I 



Ely, William. — He graduated at 
Yale College in 1787 ; was a Represent- 
ative in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1805 to 1815, and died in 1817. 

Einbree, ElisJia. — Born in Lin- 
coln County, Kentucky, September 28, 
1801, and removed with his father, in 
1811, to the southwestern portion of 
Indiana Territory, where he has con- 
tinued to reside. He received a com- 
mon school education, after which he 
studied and practised law. In 1813 he 
was elected to the State Senate of In- 
diana ; in 1835 was chosen, by the Le- 
gislature, Circuit Judge, which office 
he held for ten years. In 1847 he was 
elected Representative in the Thirtieth 
Congress, and after the expiration of 
that term became engaged in agricul- 
tural pursuits. Died at Princeton, New 
Jersey, March 7, 1863. 

Emott, tfames. — Born in Albany, 
New York, in 1770 ; he did not receive 
a collegiate education, but in 1800 Union 
College conferred on him the degree of 
A. M. He was a distinguished member 
of the bar, and under the old Constitu- 
tion of New York he, for several years, 
filled the office of first Judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas for his county, 
and in that capacity gave that court a 
rank among the best of the State. Un- 
der the Constitution of 1821 he was ap- 
pointed Judge for the Second District, 
which station he filled until he reached 
the age of sixty years, which required 
him to retire. He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from his native State, 
from 1809 to 1813, and died in Pough- 
keepsie, April 7, 1850. 

Emrie, J. Reece. — He was born in 
Ohio, and elected a Representative, from 
that State, to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 

English, James E. — Was born in 
New Haven, Connecticut, in March, 
1812 ; entered early in life into mercan- 
tile pursuits, and continued to do busi- 
ness as a merchant until 1855; since 
which he has been extensively engaged 
in several branches of manufacture. In 
1855 he was a member of the Legisla- 
ture ; in 1856 was elected to the State 
Senate, and declined a re-election ; was 
a candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of 
Connecticut in 1860, but was not elected ; 
and was elected a Representative, from 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



129 



his native State, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress ; and re-elected to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving on the Corn- 
mittees on Public Lands, and Expendi- 
tures in the State Department. 

EnglisJi, Williain JT.— Born in 
Scott County, Indiana, August 27, 1822. 
He received a good common school edu- 
cation, and spent three years at the 
University of South Hanover ; studied 
law, and v?as admitted to practice in 
1845, but when at home is chiefly de- 
voted to agricultural pursuits ; in 1843 
he was elected Clerk of the House of 
Kepresentatives of Indiana ; during 
President Polk's administration he was 
a Clerk in the Treasury Department ; 
he was the Clerk of the State Constitu- 
tional Convention in 1850 ; in 1851 he 
was elected to the State Legislature, and 
officiated as Speaker ; in 1852 he was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
re-elected in 1854, and made a Regent 
of the Smithsonian Institution ; again 
elected in 1856, and during the first ses- 
sion of the Thirty-fifth Congress took 
part in the Kansas Compromise mea- 
sure, and officiated at the same time as 
Chairman of the Committee on Post- 
offices and Post-roads. He was re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Post- 
offices and Post-roads. 

Eppes, John W. — He was a R,e- 

presentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1803 to 4811, and again from 1813 
to 1815; was a Senator in Congress 
from 1817 to 1819, when he resigned 
from ill health ; he died near Richmond, 
Virginia, September, 1823, aged fifty 
years. 

Erdinan, Jacob. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1845 
to 1847. 

Ervin, James. — Born in South 
Carolina in October, 1778; graduated 
at Brown University in 1797 ; studied 
law, and admitted to the bar in 1800 ; 
served in the State Legislature in 1801 
and 1802, and from 1804 to 1816; was a 
Solicitor of the Northern Circuit ; eight 
years a Trustee of the South Carolina 
College ; a Representative in Congress, 
from South Carolina, from 1817 to 1821, 
and died in 1841. 



Estill, Benjamin. — He was born 
in Washington County, Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Virginia, from 1825 to 1827. 

Etheridge, Emerson. — He was 

born in Currituck, North Carolina, 
September 28, 1819; when thirteen 
years of age he removed to Tennessee, 
where he received a common school 
education ; and having studied law, was 
admitted to the bar in 1840. In 1845 
he was elected to the State Legislature, 
and was at once nominated for Speaker, 
which he lost by two votes ; re-elected 
in 1846 ; and in 1853 he was elected a 
Representative, from Tennessee, to the 
Thirty-third Congress, re-elected to the 
Thirty-fourth, and also to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving, during his last 
term, as Chairman of the Committee 
on Indian Affairs. On the meeting of 
the Thirty-seventh Congress, he was 
elected Clerk of the House of RepreT 
sentatives. 

Eustis, George, Jr. — He was born 
in Louisiana, and was educated at Har- 
vard University ; practised law in New 
Orleans, and was elected a Representa- 
tive to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty- 
fifth Congresses, serving on the Com- 
mittee of Commerce. 

Eustis, William.— Wa,s born in 
Cambridge, Massachusetts, June 10, 
1753. After graduating at Harvard 
College in 1772, he studied medicine 
with Dr. Joseph Warren. At the be- 
ginning of the war he was appointed 
surgeon of a regiment, and afterwards 
hospital surgeon. In 1777, and during 
most of the war, he occupied, as a hos- 
pital, the spacious house of Colonel 
Robinson, a royalist, opposite to West 
Point ; Arnold had his headquarters in 
the same house. At the termination of 
the war, he commenced the practice of 
his profession in Boston. In 1800 he 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, serving until 
1805. In 1809 he was appointed Secre- 
tary of War by President Madison, and 
continued in office until, in the late war, 
the army of Hull was surrendered, when 
he resigned. In 1815 he was sent as 
Ambassador to Holland. After his re- 
turn, he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1820 to 1823. He was chosen 
Governor of Massachusetts in 1823, and 



130 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



died in Boston, after a short illness, 
February 6, 1825. 

Evans, Alexander. — He was born 
at Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland, bis 
ancestors having settled in that county 
more than a hundred years ago. His edu- 
cation was received at a village school, 
until fifteen years of age, andhis first avo- 
cation was that of a civil engineer. In 
1842 he commenced the study of law in 
his native town, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1845. He was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from Maryland, from 
1847 to 1853, since which time he has 
practised his profession at Elkton. In 
1842 he was elected Corresponding Mem- 
ber of the ISTational Institute at Wash- 
ington, and in 1849 received the degree 
of A. M. from Delaware College. In 
1851 he was elected a member of the 
American Association for the Advance- 
ment of Science, and also a member of 
the Historical Society of Baltimore. 

Evans, David M. — Born in West- 
moreland, England, February 20, 1769; 
and, having removed to South Carolina, 
was educated at Mount Zion College ; 
studied law and came to the bar in 
1796; served in the State Legislature 
from 1800 to 1803; from 1804 to 1811 
was Solicitor for the Middle District of 
South Carolina ; was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1813 
to 1815; in 1818 and 1822 was a mem- 
ber of the State Senate ; and was for 
many years the President of a Bible 
Society, and also of Mount Zion So- 
ciety. Died March 8, 1843. 

Evans, George. — Born in Hallo- 
well, Maine, January 12, 1797; gra- 
duated at Bowdoin College, September 
3, 1815 ; is a lawyer by profession ; was 
Speaker of the House of Representatives 
of Maine in 1829 ; a Representative in 
Congress, from 1829 to 1841, and United 
States Senator, from 1841 to 1847. From 
1849 to 1850 he was a Commissioner of 
the Board of Claims against Mexico ; 
and Attorney-General of Maine in 1853, 
1854, and 1856. 

Evans, Joshtia. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1829 to 1833. 

Evans, tfosiah tT. — He was born 
in the District of Marlborough, South 
Carolina, November 27, 1786 ; he was 



for a time a merchant's clerk, but gra- 
duated at South Carolina College in 
1808 ; taught school for one year ; studied 
law and rose to a high legal position ; 
at an early age, in 1812, 1813, and 1816, 
he was sent to the Legislature ; by that 
body made Solicitor for the State from 
his district, which position he held for 
thirteen years ; in 1830 he was chosen 
a Judge of the Supreme Court, which 
otfice he held until 1852, when he was 
elected to the United States Senate. 
He died May 6, 1858, of disease of the 
heart, having, only an hour before his 
death, been partaking of the hospitali- 
ties at dinner of his friend and colleague. 
Senator Hammond. He was Chairman ' 
of the Committees on Revolutionary 
Claims and on Contingent Expenses of 
the Senate, and also a member of the 
Committees on Patents and on Naval 
Affairs. 

Evans, Lemuel J).— He was born 

in Tennessee, and was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Texas, to the Thirty- 
fourth Congress. 

Evans, Nathan. — Born in Bel- 
mont County, Ohio, June 24, 1804; re- 
ceived a common school education, and 
studied law, being admitted to practice 
in 1831. He was Prosecuting Attorney 
for Guernsey County for four years, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1847 to 1849, and now follows his 
profession in Cambridge, Ohio. 

Evans, Thomas. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1797 to 1801. 

Everett, Edivard. — Born in Dor- 
chester, Massachusetts, April, 1794. He 
received his early education at Boston, 
and entered Harvard College when 
little more than thirteen years old, 
leaving it with first honors four years 
later, undecided as to a pursuit for life. 
He turned his attention for two years 
to the profession of divinity ; but, in 
1814, he was invited to accept the new 
professorship of Greek literature at 
Cambridge, Massachusetts, with per- 
mission to visit Europe. He accepted 
the office, and, before entering on its 
duties, embarked at Boston for Liver- 
pool. He passed more than two years 
at the famous University of Gottingen, 
engaged in the study of the German 
language and the branches of learning 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



131 



connected with his department. He 
passed the winter of 1817-18 at Paris. 
The next spring he again visited Lon- 
don, and passed a few weeks at Cam- 
bridge and Oxford. In the autumn of 

1818 he returned to the continent, and 
divided the winter between Florence, 
Eome, and Naples. In the spring of 

1819 he made a short tour in Greece. 
He came home in 1819, and entered at 
once upon the duties of his professor- 
ship. Soon after his return, he became 
the editor of the North American Re- 
view, a journal which, though supported 
by writers of great ability, had acquired 
only a limited circulation. Under its 
new editor the demand increased so 
rapidly that a second and sometimes a 
third edition of its numbers was re- 
quired. In 1824 he delivered the an- 
nual oration before the Phi-Beta-Kappa 
Society, at Cambridge, Massachusetts. 
This was the first of a series of orations 
and addresses delivered by him on pub- 
lic occasions of almost every kind du- 
ring a quarter of a century, and after- 
wards collected in several volumes. Up 
to 1824 he had taken no active interest 
in politics, but the constituency of Mid- 
dlesex, Massachusetts, without any soli- 
citation on his part, returned Tiim to 
Congress. For ten years he sat in Con- 
gress, and was a working member. In 
1835 he retired from Congress, and was 
for four successive years chosen Go- 
vernor of Massachusetts. In 1841 he 
was appointed to represent the' United 
States at the Court of St. James. Al- 
though the Secretaryship of State at 
Washington was held by four difterent 
statesmen, of various politics, during 
his mission, he enjoyed the confidence 
and approbation of all. His scholarship 
was recognized by the bestowal of the 
degree of D. C. L. by the Universities 
of Oxford and Cambridge. He returned 
to America in 1845, and was chosen 
President of Harvard College, which 
office he resigned in 1849. On the death 
of Mr. Webster, he was appointed Secre- 
tary of State by President Fillmore, 
which office he resigned for a seat in 
the Senate. This position ho also re- 
signed, since which time, although lead- 
ing the quiet life of a scholar, he has 
greatly added to his reputation by de- 
livering orations on the Life of Wash- 
ington, and on other topics, all being 
for charitable purposes. He was the 
intimate friend of Daniel Webster, and 
wrote the best Life extant of that dis- 



tinguished man, whose many collected 
writings he edited. In 1860 he was 
nominated by the Union party as their 
candidate for the office of Vice-Presi- 
dent of the United States, but was de- 
feated. 

Everett, Horace. — A native of 
Vermont, was born in 1780 ; he was a 
lawyer by profession ; settled in Wind- 
sor, and distinguished himself as one of 
the most successful jury advocates in 
Vermont. He served in the State 
Legislature in 1819, 1820, 1822, 1823, 
1824, and 1834 ; was State's Attorney 
for Windsor County, from 1813 to 1817; 
and was a prominent member of the 
State Constitutional Convention of 1828. 
He was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1829 to 1843, and had the title con- 
ferred upon him of Doctor of Laws. 
Died at Windsor, Vermont, January 
30, 1851. 

Everhart, William. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1853 to 1855. The circum- 
stance is related of this gentleman, that 
it was his misfortune, many years ago, 
to be wrecked on the coast of Ireland, 
where he and five survivors of the ill- 
fated vessel were treated with great 
kindness ; and that, during the famine 
in Ireland a few years ago, he loaded a 
ship with provisions, at his own ex- 
pense, and sent her to Ireland, by way 
of expressing his gratitude. 

Ewing, Andreiv. — He was born in 
Tennessee, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1849 to 1851. 



Eiving, Edivin H. — He was born 
in Tennessee, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1845 
to 1847. 

Ewing, John. — He was born at 
sea, while his parents were on their 
way from Ireland to Baltimore. He 
was bred to mercantile pursuits, but ac- 
quired a taste for literature. He served 
in both branches of the Legislature of 
Indiana, and was a Representative of 
that State, in Congress, from 1833 to 
1835, and again from 1837 to 1839. He 
died Suddenly and alone, at Vincennes, 



132 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



in the winter of 1857, leaving on his 
table these lines : 

" Here lies a man who loved his friends, 
His God, his country, and Vincennes." 

Etving, tTohn H. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1845 
to 1847. 

Ewing, Presley. — Born in Ken- 
tucky, and was a Representative to the 
Thirty-third Congress ; he died at the 
Mammoth Cave, September 27, 1854. 
He was considered one of the most 
promising young men of the State. 

Ewing, Thomas. — He was born 
near West Liberty, Ohio County, Vir- 
ginia, December 28, 1789; he received 
his early education chiefly from an el- 
der sister, and, with his father's family, 
settled in the wilds of Ohio, about 1792, 
where he enjoyed the advantages of a 
winter school and an academy ; his life, 
during his youth and early manhood, 
was one of continuous toil ; in 1814 he 
was a school teacher ; in 1815 he received 
the degree of A.B. from the Athens 
Academy, the first ever granted in 
Ohio ; and he studied law and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1816, practising 
with success in the courts of Ohio and 
the Supreme Court of the United States. 
In 1830 he was elected to a seat in the 
United States Senate, from Ohio, where 
he remained until 1837 ; he was a mem- 
ber of President Harrison's cabinet, as 
Secretary of the Treasury, in 1841 ; on 
the accession of President Taylor to the 
Presidency, in 1849, he was invited into 
the cabinet, and took charge of the new 
Department of the Interior ; and, in 
1850, he was appointed to a seat in the 
United States Senate, where he remained 
until 1851, when he retired from politi- 
cal life and resumed the practice of his 
profession in Ohio. He was a Delegate 
to the Peace Congress of 1861. 

Ewing, William L. D. — He was 

a Representative in Congress, from Illi- 
nois, from 1886 to 1837. Died March 
25, 1846. 

Fairfield, John. — Born in Saco, 
Maine, January 30, 1797. He received 
a common school education, studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1826. In 
1832 he was appointed reporter of the 
decisions of the Supreme Court; from 



1835 to 1839 he was a Representative in 
Congress ; he was Governor of the State 
during the years 1839, 1840, 1842, and 
1843 ; and he was elected a Senator in 
Congress, in 1843, to fill a vacancy, and 
in 1845 was re-elected for a term of six 
years ; but he died at Washington, De- 
cember 24, 1847, after a surgical opera- 
tion for the relief of a local complaint. 

Faran, Jatnes J. — He was born 
in Ohio, residing at Cincinnati, and 
was a Representative, from Ohio, to the 
Thirtieth Congress. 

Farelly, John W. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1847 to 1849. 

Farelly, FatricTc. — Born in Ire- 
land in 1760; was a lawyer by profes- 
sion, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 to 
1826. Died January 12, 1826, at Mead- 
ville, Pennsylvania, while in Congress. 

Farlee, Isaac G. — He was born 

in New Jersey, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1843 to 1845. 

Farley^ E. Wilder. — He was born 
in Maine, m 1818; graduated at Bow- 
doin College in 1886 ; studied law, and 
was in the State Legislature in 1845 and 
from 1851 to 1858 ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Maine, from 
1853 to 1855. He also served in the 
State Senate in 1856. 

Farlin, Dudley. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1835 to 1837, and died at 
Warrensburg, New York, September 
26, 1837. 

Farnsworth, John F. — Born in 
the township of Eaton, Lower Canad^, 
March 27, 1820 ; is a lawyer by profes- 
sion, and was a Representative to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from Illinois, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Revolutionary Pensions. He was 
also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, and in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
Military Aff"airs. In 1861 he took part 
in the war as a Colonel of volunteers. 

Farrington, James. — He was 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



133 



born in New Hampshire in 1791, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1837 to 1839. He was 
also a member of the State Legislature 
in 1830, 1832, and 1833. Died at Eo- 
chester, New York, October 29, 1859. 

Farrow, Samuel. — Born in Vir- 
ginia in 1760; served in the Revolu- 
tionary war and was wounded ; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1793 ; w^s elected to Congress, from 
South Carolina, as a Representative for 
the terms from 1813 to 1817, but re- 
signed in 1816 ; served in the State Le- 
gislature from 1817 to 1821 ; and died 
at Columbia, November 18, 1824. 

Faulkner, Charles J. — Born in 

Berkeley County, Virginia, about the 
year 1805. He received a collegiate 
education ; came to the bar in 1829 ; 
was, in 1832 and 1833, elected to the 
House of Delegates ; soon afterwards ap- 
pointed a Commissioner to report upon 
the boundary between Virginia and 
Maryland ; in 1841 was elected to the 
Senate of Virginia, and in 1848 was 
again elected to the House of Delegates ; 
in 1850 was a member of the Conven- 
tion formed to revise the Constitution 
of the State ; and having, in 1851, been 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
has been re-elected to each successive 
Congress, and was, during the first ses- 
sion of the Thirty-fifth Congress, a 
member of the Committee to Inquire 
into the Sale of the Fort Snelling Re- 
servation, also serving on the Commit- 
tee on Military Afl"airs, and in a sub- 
sequent Congress was Chairman of the 
Committee on Military Affairs. In Jan- 
uary, 1860, he was appointed by Presi- 
dent Buchanan Minister to France. He 
returned to America in 1861 ; was sus- 
pected of disloyalty, imprisoned at Fort 
Warren, and exchanged for Hon. Al- 
fred Ely in December of that year. 

Fay, Francis B. — He was born in 
Massachusetts ; was a member of the 
Massachusetts Senate in 1842 and 1845; 
Mayor of Chelsea in 1857 ; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1852 to 1853. 

Fay, John. — He was born in "Wor- 
cester County, Massachusetts, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1819 to 1821. 



Fearing, Paul. — Born in Ware- 
ham, Massachusetts, February 28, 1762, 
graduated at Harvard University in 
1785 ; studied law, and emigrated to 
Ohio, where he became distinguished in 
his profession. He settled in Marietta 
in 1788, after performing the journey, 
from Baltimore over the mountains, on 
foot. Soon after his arrival he was ap- 
pointed United States Attorney for 
Washington County, in that Territory. 
In 1797 he was appointed Judge of 
Probate, for his county, and in 1801 
was chosen a Delegate to Congress, serv- 
ing until 1803. In 1814 he was appointed 
Master Commissioner in Chancery, and 
from 1810 to 1817 was Judge in one of 
the State Courts. In 1808 he engaged 
extensively in the raising of merino 
sheep, producing the best description of 
wool, and stimulating others to unite 
in the business. He died August 21, 
1822. 

Feat Jier stone, W. S. — He was 

born in Tennessee, and on taking up 
his residence in Mississippi, was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from 1847 
to 1851. Took part in the Rebellion of 
1861 as a Brigadier-General. 

Felch, Alpheus. — Born in Limer- 
ick, York County, Maine, September 
28, 1806. He graduated at Bowdoin 
College, and adopted the law as a pro- 
fession. He emigrated to Michigan 
when quite young ; was a member of 
the State Legislature in 1836 and 1837 ; 
was appointed Bank Commissioner of 
Michigan in 1838, and resigned in 1839 ; 
for a short time in 1842 was Auditor- 
General of the State, but relinquished 
that position for a seat on the bench of 
the Supreme Court of Michigan ; in 
1845 he was elected Governor of Michi- 
gan, and having resigned in 1847, was 
elected a Senator in Congress for six 
years. He was appointed, by President 
Pierce, one of the Commissioners to 
settle land claims in California, under 
the Act of Congress and the Treaty of 
Guadalupe Hidalgo, in March, 1853, the 
business of which commission was closed 
by disposing of all the cases before it in 
March, 1856, since which time he has 
lived in retirement. He was also a 
Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 
1864. 

Felder, John Jf.— Born in Orange- 
burg District, South Carolina, July 7, 



134 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



1782; graduated at Yale College in 
1804; studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1808 ; was a member of the 
State Assembly in 1812, and subse- 
quently of the Senate ; was a Trustee 
of South Carolina College ; and served 
as a Major of the militia ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1831 to 1835. Died at 
Union Point, September 1, 1851. 

Feuner, James. — Born in Provi- 
dence, Khode Island, in 1771 ; gradu- 
ated at Brown University, from which 
Institution he received the degree of 
LL.D. He was for more than half a 
century actively connected with the 
public affairs of his native State ; was 
United States Senator from 1805 to 
1807, when he was elected Governor of 
Ehode Island, which office he held four 
years ; was re-elected in 1824, and served 
seven years, and was again elected in 
1844. He died in Providence, April 
17, 1846. 

Fenton, Reuben E. — Born in Car- 
roll, Chautauque County, New York, 
July 1, 1819; was educated at Pleasant 
Hill and Predonia Academies, and adop- 
ted the profession of law, but pursued 
the mercantile business. In 1843 he was 
elected Supervisor of the town of Car- 
roll. He was elected a Eepresentative, 
in the Thirty-third and Thirty-fifth 
Congresses, from New York, serving on 
the Committee on Private Land Claims ; 
was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Invalid Pensions; was also 
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on Claims. Ee-elected to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee of Ways and Means. 

Ferguson,Fenner. — Born inEens- 
selaer County, New York, April 25, 
1814. His education was academic, and 
he is a lawyer by profession ; he was 
Master in Chancery in Albany, New 
York, in 1844 ; also Master in Chancery 
in Michigan ; a member of the Michigan 
Legislature, and Prosecuting Attorney. 
June 29, 1854, he was appointed, by Pre- 
sident Pierce, Chief Justice of the Ter- 
ritory of Nebraska, which office he re- 
signed, after being elected a Delegate to 
the Thirty- fifth Congress, from that 
Territory. 



Ferris, Charles G, — He was born 
in New York, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1841 
to 1843. 

Ferry, Orris S. — Born in Bethel, 
Connecticut, August 15th, 1823; gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1844 ; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1846. 
In 1847 he received the appointment of 
Lieutenant-Colonel of the First Division 
Connecticut Militia; in 1849" was ap- 
pointed Judge of Probate for the Dis- 
trict of Norwalk ; elected to the State 
Senate in 1855 and 1856; in 1856 he was 
appointed State Attorney for the County 
of Fairfield, which position he continued 
to occupy until 1859, when he was elected 
a Eepresentative to theThirty-sixth Con- 
gress, from Connecticut, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Eevolu- 
tionary Claims. 

Fessenden, Sa^miel C. — Was born 
in New Gloucester, Maine, March 7,1816; 
graduated at Bowdoin College in 1834, 
and completed his education at the Ban- 
gor Theological Seminary in 1837; in 
1838 he was ordained and installed as 
Pastor of the Second Congregational 
Church, in Thomaston, now Eockland, 
and dismissed at his own request in 
1856; during that year he established 
the Maine Evangelist; in 1858 he en- 
tered upon the practice of the law ; soon 
after taking that step he was elected 
Judge of the Municipal Court of Eock- 
land ; and he was elected a Eepresenta- 
tive, from Maine, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Unfinished Business. 

Fessenden, T. A. D. — Was born 
in Portland, Maine, January 23, 1826; 
graduated at Bowdoin College in 1845; 
adopted the profession of law ; was a 
member of the Convention that nomi- 
nated General Fremont for President; 
in 1858 was appointed aide-de-camp to 
the Governor of Maine ; in 1860 was 
elected to the Maine Legislature ; and 
in 1861 was chosen Attorney for the 
County of Androscoggin; which posi- 
tion he held until 1862, when he was 
elected a Eepresentative, from Maine, 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, for the 
unexpired term of C. W. Walton, re- 
signed, serving on the Committee on 
Private Land Claims. 

Fessenden, William P. — Born at 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



135 



Boscawen, New Hampshire, October 16, 
1806; graduated at Bowdoin College in 
1823; studied law, and was admitted to 
practice in Portland, in 1827, where he 
has continued the practice to the pre- 
sent time ; was a member of the Maine 
Legislature in 1832, and re-elected in 
1840 ; was a Representative in Congress 
from 1841 to 1843, declining further ser- 
vice; was again in the State Legislature 
in 1845 and''l846, and re-elected in 1853 
and 1854; and was elected a Senator in 
Congress for six years, from March, 
1853, serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Finance ; and in 1859 was re- 
elected for the term of six years, serving 
as Chairman of the Committee on Fi- 
nance. He was a member, in 1832, of 
the Convention which nominated Henry 
Clay for President, and also of the Con- 
ventions that nominated Generals Tay- 
lor and Scott. During the summer of 
1858, the degree of LL.D. was conferred 
upon him by Bowdoin College, of which 
iustitution he is an overseer. He was 
also a member of the Peace Congress of 
1861. In July, 1864, he was appointed, 
by President Lincoln, Secretary of the 
Treasury, in the place of S. P. Chase, 
resigned ; and soon afterward received 
from Harvard University the degree of 
LL.D. 

Few, William, — Born in Mary- 
land, June 8, 1748. When he was ten 
years of age he removed with his father 
to North Carolina, where he received a 
good education. He was a Colonel in 
the Revolutionary army, and distin- 
guished himself in several actions with 
the British and Indians. He settled in 
Georgia in 1776, and in 1778 was Sur- 
veyor-General of the State, and Presid- 
ing Judge of the Richmond County 
Court ; in 1780 he was sent as Delegate 
to Congress, and remained in that body 
until the peace ; and was again appointed 
in 1786; and in the next year he assisted 
in forming the National Constitution, 
after the adoption of which he was 
elected a Senator in Congress, serving 
from 1789 to 1793; in 1796 he was a 
member of the Convention which framed 
the Constitution of the State of Georgia, 
and subsequently served three years 
upon the Bench, as well as in the Legis- 
lature of that State. He resided during 
his later years in the city of New York, 
of which he was Mayor, and whence he 
went to the Legislature of that State, 
and where he also held the office of Com- 



missioner of Loans. He died at Fish- 
kill, New York, July 16, 1828. 

FicMin, Orlando B. — A native of 
Kentucky, and born in 1808 ; he received 
a plain English education ; studied law, 
and graduated at the Transylvania Law 
School, commencing to practice in 1830, 
in Mount Carmel, Illinois. In 1834 he 
was a member of the Legislature, and 
was Attorney for the "Wabash Circuit 
in 1835. In 1838 and in 1842, was again 
elected to the Legislature ; and in 1843 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, serving six consecutive years, and 
was re-elected in 1850. In 1853 he was 
Colonel of militia; since which time he 
has been engaged in the practice of his 
profession, and in agricultural pursuits. 

Field, Richard S. — He was born 

in New Jersey, and held a seat in the 
United States Senate, for a few months, 
in 1862-3, by appointment ; when he was 
appointed, hj President Lincoln, Judge 
of the District Court of the United States 
for New Jersey. 

Fillmore, Millard. — Born Janu- 
ary 7, 1800, at Summer Hill, Cayuga 
County, in the State of New York. At 
an early age he was sent to Livingston 
County, at that time a wild region, to 
learn the clothier's trade, and about four 
months later he was apprenticed to a 
wool-carder, in the town in which his 
father lived. During the four years 
that he worked at his trade, he did what 
he could to supply the defects of his early 
education. At the age of nineteen he 
commenced the study of law, and de- 
voted a portion of his time to teaching 
school. In 1821 he removed to Erie 
County, and pursued his legal studies in 
the city of Buffalo. Two years later he 
was admitted to the Common Pleas, and 
commenced the practice of the law at 
Aurora, in the same county. In 1827, 
he was admitted as an Attorney, and in 
1829 as a Counsellor in the Supreme 
Court, and in the following year he re- 
moved to Buffalo. His political life 
commenced with his election to the State 
Assembly, in which he took his seat in 
1829. In 1832 he was elected to Con- 
gress, and took his seat the following 
year. In 1835, at the close of his term 
in office, he resumed the practice of the 
law, but was re-elected to Congress in 
1837. During this term, he took a more 
prominent part in the business of the 



136 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



House than during his former term, and 
was assigned a place on the Committee 
on Elections. He was successively re- 
elected to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty- 
seventh Congresses. At the close of the 
first session of the Twenty-seventh Con- 
gress he declined a re-election, returned 
to Buffalo, and again devoted himself to 
his profession. In 1847 he was elected 
to the office of Comptroller of the State. 
In 1848 he was nominated by the "Whigs 
as their candidate for Vice-President, 
and elected to that office in the autumn 
of the same year. In March, 1849, he" 
resigned his office of Comptroller, to 
assume the duties of his new position, 
where he remained until the death of 
President Taylor, in July, 1850, by 
which he was elevated to the Presiden- 
tial chair. His term of office expired 
March 4, 1853. Since his retirement 
from public life he has visited Europe. 

Finch, Isaac. — He was a native of 
New York ; a member of the Assembly 
of that State, in 1822 and 1824; and a 
Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1829 to 1831. 

FincTc, William JE. — He was born 
in Ohio, in 1822 ; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar of that State when 
twenty-one years of age ; in 1851 he 
was elected to the Senate of Ohio ; in 
1852 was a member of the National Con- 
vention which nominated General Scott 
for the Presidency ; in 1861 he was 
again elected a State Senator, and in 
1862 he was chosen a Kepresentative, 
from Ohio, to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on the Post-office and Post-roads. 

Fifidlay, flames. — He was a na- 
tive of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, 
and a member of Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1825 to 1833. He died at Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, December 21, 1835. 

Findlay, John. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1823 to 1827. He was born 
in Eranklin County, Pennsylvania, and 
brother of James and John. 

Findlay, William. — He was born 
in Franklin County, Pennsylvania ; 
Governor of Pennsylvania, from 1817 
to 1820 ; and a Senator in Congress, 
from that State, from 1821 to 1827. 



Findley, William. — He came in 
early life from Ireland. In the Revo- 
lution he engaged with zeal in the cause 
of his adopted country, and at the close 
of the war he removed to Pennsylvania. 
He was a member of the Convention 
which framed the new Constitution of 
Pennsylvania, and a member of Con- 
gress, from 1791 to 1799, and from 1803 
to 1817. In his politics he opposed the 
administration of Mr. Adams, and sup- 
ported Mr. Jefferson. He published a 
Review of the Funding System in 1794, 
and a History of the Insurrection of the 
Four Western Counties of Pennsyl- 
vania, in 1796. He died at Unity Town- 
ship, Greensburg, April 5, 1821, aged 
upwards of seventy. 

Fine, John. — Born in New York, 
August 26, 1784 ; graduated at Colum- 
bia College, New York, in 1809 ; stu- 
died law, and settled in St. Lawrence 
County, New York ; was a Judge in 
that county for eighteen years ; was 
County Treasurer from 1821 to 1833 ; 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
1839 to 1841. He published a volume 
of law lectures. 

Fish, Hamilton. — He was born in 
New York City in 1809 ; graduated at 
Columbia College ; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; in 1837 
was elected to the State Legislature ; 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
1843 to 1845 ; Governor of New York 
in 1849 ; and a Senator in Congress, 
from 1851 to 1856. Of late years he has 
been travelling in Europe. 

Fisher, Charles. — Born in Rowan 
County, North Carolina, October 20, 
1789. He received an academical edu- 
cation, and studied law, but did not 
practise to any extent. He commenced 
public life by going into the State Se- 
nate in 1818, and in 1819 was elected to 
Congress, where he served during his 
term. In 1821 he was elected again to 
the State Legislature, when he served 
almost continuously until 1836. He 
was a Delegate to the Convention to 
amend the State Constitution in 1835; 
and, from 1839 to 1841, was again a Re- 
presentative in Congress. He died at 
Hillsborough, Scott County, Mississippi, 
May 7, 1849, while returning home from 
an extended tour in the Southwest. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



137 



Fisher, David.— B^a was born in 
Somerset County, Pennsylvania, De- 
cember 3, 1794; received an English 
education, chiefly in a log school-house ; 
brought up to clearing land and farm- 
ing in Ohio ; he has done something also 
as a lay preacher ; in 1842 he was elected 
to the Legislature of Ohio ; and he was 
a Representative in Congress, from 1847 
to 1849. His chair in the House of Re- 
presentatives was next to that of the 
late John Quincy Adams, and when the 
great statesman fainted, before his death, 
he fell into the arms of Mr. Fisher. He 
is the author of a theological work on 
the " Divinity of Christ." 

Fisher, George. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1829 to 1830, and a member of the 
New York Assembly, from Tioga Coun- 
ty, in 1835. 

Fisher, George P. — Born in Mil- 
ford, Kent County, Delaware, October 
13, 1817; graduated at Dickinson Col- 
lege, Pennsylvania, in 1838 ; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1841 ; in 1840 he was clerk of the Dela- 
ware Senate; in 1843 and 1844 he was 
elected to the Delaware House of Repre- 
sentatives ; in 1846 he became Secretary 
of State for Delaware ; in 1849 he went 
into the State Department at Washing- 
ton as the confidential clerk of Secretary 
Clayton ; in 1850 he was appointed by 
President Taylor a Commissioner to 
settle claims against Brazil, which office 
expired in 1852 ; from 1855 to 1860 he 
held the position of Attorney-General 
for the State of Delaware ; and was 
elected a Representative from that State 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committee on For- 
eign Aftairs. He was subsequently ap- 
pointed by President Lincoln a Judge 
for the District of Columbia. 

Fisk, James, — Born about the year 
1762 ; received a limited education, but 
studied law, and from his superior na- 
tural talents, rose to eminence in his 
profession ; he was a Representative in 
Congress, from Vermont, from 1805 to 
1809, and from 1811 to 1815, when he 
was appointed one of the Judges of the 
Supreme Court of Vermont. He was 
a Senator in Congress during the years 
1817 and 1818, and resigned. In 1812 
he was appointed by President Madison 
Judge of the Territory of Indiana, and 



in 1817, Collector of the Port of Al- 
burg, which office he held eight years. 
He died December 1, 1844. 

Fisk, Jonathan. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1809 to 1811, and again from 
1813 to 1815, when he was appointed 
United States Attorney for the Southern 
District of New York. 

Fitch, Asa. — He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New York, from 
1811 to 1813. 

Fitch, G. N. — Born in Le Roy, 
Genesee County, New York, in Decem- 
ber, 1810. He received his education at 
Middlebury and Geneva, but did not 
graduate ; he studied medicine, and was 
a Medical Professor in the Rush Medi- 
cal College at Chicago, Illinois, from 
1844 to 1849. In 1844, 1848, and 1856, 
he was chosen a Presidential Elector, 
and in 1836 and 1839 was elected to the 
Legislature of Indiana. He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1849 to 
1853, and in 1857 was chosen a Senator 
of the United States, serving as a mem- 
ber of the Committees on Post-offices 
and Post-roads, and on Indian Aftairs. 

Fitzgerald, TJionias H. — He 

was a lawyer by profession ; served in 
the war of 1812, under General W. H. 
Harrison ; and in 1848 and 1849, was a 
Senator in Congress, from Michigan, 
under the appointment of the Governor. 
Died at Niles, Michigan, March 25, 
1855. 

Fitzgerald, William. — He was 

born in Tennessee, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1831 to 1833, and was a member 
of the Committee on Expenditures in 
the Treasury Department. He was 
also Judge of the Circuit Court of Ten- 



Fitzpatrick, Benjamin. — He 

was born in Greene County, Georgia, 
June 30, 1802 ; having been left an 
orphan when quite young, he emigrated 
with an elder brother, in 1815, to the 
valley of the Alabama River, near 
Montgomery, where he has ever since 
resided. He received as good an edu- 
cation as new countries generally aff'ord ; 
studied law and was admitted to prac- 



10 



138 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



tice in 1821 ; was shortly afterwards 
elected Solicitor of the Judicial District 
in which he lived ; was again elected to 
the same office in 1825, and held it 
until 1829 ; after which his health com- 
pelled him to relinquish his professioia, 
and settle upon a farm. He was a Presi- 
dential Elector in 1840 ; in 1841 was 
elected Governor of Alabama ; in 1843 
was re-elected to the same position ; in 
1852 he was appointed a Senator in 
Congress, to succeed Honorable W. E. 
King, which appointment was confirmed 
by the Legislature of his State, and at 
the conclusion of that term, he was 
elected, in 1855, to the same position, 
for the term ending in 1861 ; retired 
from the Senate in February, 1861, and 
took an active part in the Rebellion of 
that year. For several sessions he 
served as President pro tern, of the 
Senate. 

Fitzshnmons. Tliomas, — He was 

a Delegate to the Continental Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1782 to 1783 ; 
a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1789 to 1795 ,• and died in 
August, 1811, aged seventy years. 

Flagler, Thomas T. — He was 

born in New York, served in the As- 
sembly of that State in 1842 and 1843, 
and was a Representative in Congress 
from 1853 to 1857. 

Flanders, Benjamin F. — Born 
in Bristol, New Hampshire, January 26, 
1816 ; graduated at Dartmouth College 
in 1842 ; studied law and settled in New 
Orleans ; taught school in that city for 
a time, and became the editor of the 
Tropic newspaper ; served as a member 
of the city government ; was superin- 
tendent of a public school, and also of a 
railroad company ; and towards the 
close of the year 1862, he was elected, 
under a new order of things, a Repre- 
sentative, from Louisiana, to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, taking his seat within 
a fortnight of its final adjournment. 

Fletcher, Isaac, — He was formerly 
a member of the Vermont Legislature, 
and a member of Congress, from that 
State, from 1837 to 1841. He died at 
Lyndon, Vermont, October 19, 1842. 

Fletcher, Richard. — He was born 
in Cavendish, Vermont, January 8, 
1788; graduated at Dartmouth College 



in 1806 ; served in the Legislature of 
Massachusetts ; was a Judge of the Su- 
perior Court from 1848 to 1853 ; and a 
Representative in Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, from 1837 to 1839. 

Fletcher, Thomas. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1816 to 1817. 

Florence, Elias. — He was born in 
Virginia, and having taken up his resi- 
dence in Ohio, was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1843 to 1845. 

Florence, Thomas B. — Born in 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 
26, 1812. He had not the benefit of a 
college education ; for a time he devoted 
himself to the occupation of a hatter ; 
he published and edited, for several 
years, a Democratic newspaper ; was 
for nine years Secretary of the Board of 
Controllers of Public Schools in Penn- 
sylvania ; and was elected to Congress 
in 1850, where he served continuously 
until 1859, acting as a member of the 
Committees on Naval Affairs and In- 
valid Pensions. He was also re-elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; and while 
occupying his seat as a Representative, 
established in Washington the National 
Democratic Review. 

Flournoy, Thomas S. — He was 

born in Virginia, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1847 to 1849. He participated in the 
great Rebellion, and was killed in battle 
in Virginia in June, 1864. 

Floyd, Charles A. — He was born 

in New York, served in the Assembly 
of that State in 1836 and 1838, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
1841 to 1843. 

Floyd, tTohn. — Born in Virginia, 
October 3, 1769. In consequence of 
the pecuniary losses of his father, he 
learned the trade of a carpenter, and in 
1791 removed to G-eorgia, and acquired 
wealth from the manufacture of boats. 
He served in the State Legislature, and 
was a Representative of Georgia, in 
Congress, from 1827 to 1829. He was 
Brigadier-General of militia, and sub- 
sequently Major-General, and served 
during the war of 1812. He died in 
Camden County, Georgia, June 24, 
1839. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



139 



Floyd, John. — He was born in 
Jefferson County, Virginia, and was 
a Kepresentative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1817 to 1829 ; served many 
years in the Legislature of that State, 
and was Governor of Virginia from 
1829 to 1834. He died at the Sweet 
Springs, in that State, August 16, 1837. 

Floyd, John G. — He was a native 
of New York, served in the Assembly 
of that State, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from the same, from 1839 
to 1843, and from 1851 to 1853. 

Floyd, Williatn. — He was born in 
Suffolk County, New York, December 
17,1734; was a Delegate to the Conti- 
nental Congress, from 1774 to 1783, 
and signed the Declaration of Indepen- 
dence ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1789 to 
1791 ; a Presidential Elector in 1800 and 
1804; and, for three years, a member 
of the New York State Senate ; in 1801 
he was a member of the State Constitu- 
tional Convention. He died in Oneida 
County, New York, August 4, 1821, 
aged eighty-seven years. 

Foley, James B. — He was born in 
Kentucky, and having taken up his 
residence in Indiana, was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, in 1857, and was a member of the 
Committees on Agriculture and Expen- 
ditures in the Post-ofRce Department. 

Folger, Walter. — He was born at 
Nantucket, Massachusetts ; was a mem- 
ber of the Massachusetts Senate from 
1809 to 1815, and also in 1822 ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1817 to 1821. 

Foot, Solomon.— Born in Corn- 
wall, Addison County, Vermont, No- 
vember 19, 1802 ; graduated at Middle- 
bury College ; a lawyer by profession ; 
a member of the House of Representa- 
tives of Vermont, during the years 1833, 
1836, 1837, 1838, and 1847 ; Speaker of 
the House in 1837, 1838, and 1847; 
member of the Convention for altering 
the State Constitution in 1836 ; State's 
Attorney for Rutland, from 1836 to 
1842 ; a Representative in Congress, 
from 1843 to 1847 ; and was appointed 
United States Senator, in 1850, serv- 
ing as a member of the Committees 



on Foreign Relations and the Pacific 
Railroad, and Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 
He was re-elected to the Senate for the 
term commencing in 1863, and ending 
in 1869. During a part of the Thirty- 
sixth, and the whole of the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, he was President 
pro teni. of the Senate. He was also a 
Delegate to the Baltimore Convention 
of 1864. 

Foote, Charles A. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1823 
to 1825. Died August 1, 1828. 

Foote, Henry S. — He was born in 
Fauquier County, Virginia, September 
20, 1800, and was educated at Washing- 
ton College, in that State ; studied law, 
was admitted to the bar, and settled in 
Alabama in 1824; in 1826 he removed 
to Mississippi, and there continued the 
practice of his profession ; was elected, 
in 1847, a Senator in Congress, where 
he remained until 1852, officiating as 
Chairman of the Committee on Foreign 
Relations ; and he was elected Governor 
of Mississippi in 1852. He subsequently 
spent a few years in California. In 
1859 he was a member of the Southern 
Convention held at Knoxville, Tennes- 
see, and during his life has fought three 
duels. He identified himself with the 
Great Rebellion, and was a member of 
the Confederate Congress. 

Foote, Samuel A. — Born in Che- 
shire, Connecticut, November 8, 1780; 
graduated at Yale College in 1797, and 
commenced the practice of law in his 
native town. He was chosen a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, in 1819, 1823, and 
1833 ; was Speaker of the Connecticut 
House of Representatives in 1825 and 
1826 ; and Senator in Congress, from 
1827 to 1833. In 1834 he was elected 
Governor of the State. He died Sep- 
tember 16, 1846. He it was who offered, 
on the floor of Congress, the famous 
resolutions, upon which was founded 
the great debate between Hayne and 
Webster. 

Ford, James. — He served two 
years in the Pennsylvania Legislature, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1833. 
His life was honorably interwoven with 



140 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



the history of his State, and he died at 
Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania, August, 
1859, aged seventy-six years. 

Fordf William D. — He was born 
in Providence, Rhode Island ; served 
in the New York Assembly in 1816 and 
1817 ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1819 to 
1821. 

Fomancef JosepJi.—Se was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Kepresenta-. 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1839 to 1841. 

Forney, Daniel M. — Born in Lin- 
coln County, North Carolina, May, 
1784. During the late war with Eng- 
land, he served as a Major in the State 
line, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1815 to 1818, and in 1820 
was appointed Commissioner to treat 
with the Creek Indians. From 1823 to 
1826 he was a member of the State Le- 
gislature. In 1834 he removed to 
Lowndes County, Alabama, where he 
died in October, 1847. 

Forney, Peter. — Born in Lincoln 
County, North Carolina, April, 1756. 
He was a patriot and soldier of the Re- 
volution. He served as a member of 
the State Legislature for several years, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1813 to 1815. He served as an 
Elector during the Presidential cam- 
paigns of Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, 
and Jackson. Died February 1, 1834. 

Forrest, Thomas. — He was born 
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1819 to 1821, and again from 
1822 to 1823. Died March 20, 1825. 
He was elected to Congress by one vote. 

Forrest, Uriah. — He was a Gene- 
ral in the Revolutionary war ; was 
wounded at the battle of Germantown, 
from the elTects of which he never re- 
covered ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, during the years 
1793 and 1794 ; and died at his seat near 
Georgetown, District of Columbia, in 
1805. 

Forrester, J. JS. — He was bom in 

Tennessee, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 
1837, and was a member of the Com- 



mittee on Claims. Died August 31, 
1845. 

Forsyth, John. — He was born in 
Fredericksburg, Virginia, October, 2, 
1780 ; graduated at Princeton College 
in 1799; removed with his father to 
Charleston, South Carolina, and after- 
wards to Augusta, Georgia. He stu- 
died law, and from 1802 to 1808 distin- 
guished himself at the Georgia bar ; 
and in 1808 was Attorney-General of 
the State ; he was a Representative in 
Congress, from Georgia, from 1813 to 

1818, and from 1823 to 1827 ; a Senator 
in Congress, during the years 1818 and 

1819, and from 1829 to 1837; Governor 
of Georgia in 1827, 1828, and 1829; Mi- 
nister to Spain from 1819 to 1822 ; and 
was Secretary of State under President 
Jackson ; in which position he was con- 
tinued by President Van Buren, until 
the end of his administration. His su- 
perior abilities were universally acknow- 
ledged, and the dignity and elegance of 
his manners added much to his popular- 
ity. He died in Washington City, of 
bilious fever, October 21, 1841. 

Fort, Tomlinson. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Georgia, 
from 1827 to 1829. 

Forward, Chauncey. — He was a 

native of Pennsylvania, and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State 
from 1825 to 1831. 

Forward, Walter. — He was born 
in Connecticut in 1786, where he re- 
ceived a liberal education . He removed 
to Pittsburg in 1803, and studied law. 
In 1805 he became editor of the Demo- 
cratic paper called the Tree of Liberty ; 
from 1806 to 1822 he was engaged in 
the practice of law, and, as a pleader, 
had few equals. In 1822 he was elected 
to Congress, as a Representative, where 
he continued till March, 1825. In 1837 
he bore a prominent part in the Penn- 
sylvania Convention to reform the State 
Constitution. In March, 1841, Presi- 
dent Harrison named him First Comp- 
troller of the Treasury, which post he 
held until he was appointed by Presi- 
dent Tyler Secretary of the Treasury. 
On retiring from Mr. Tyler's cabinet, 
he resumed and continued his practice at 
the bar, until appointed by President 
Taylor Charg^ d'Aftaires to Denmark, 
where he spent several years, resigning 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



141 



his situation to return home in order to 
accept the ofEce of President Judge of 
the District Court of Alleghany County, 
to which he had been called by popular 
election. While in court, employed in 
his judicial duties, he was suddenly 
taken ill, and died in forty-eight hours, 
at Pittsburg, Pennsj-lvania, November 
24, 1852. 

Fosdick, Nicoll. — Born in New 
London, Connecticut, November 9, 
1785, of direct Puritan stock ; in 1809 
removed to Herkimer County, New 
York ; was a Presidential Elector in 
1816 ; a member of the Legislature of 
New York in 1818, again in 1819, and 
declined a re-election ; was a Represen- 
tative from New York in the Nineteenth 
Congress ; returned to his native place 
in 1843, and from 1849 to 1853 was Col- 
lector of Customs for the District of 
New London. 

Foster, Abiel. — Born in Andover, 
Massachusetts, August 8, 1735; gradu- 
ated at Harvard University in 1756 ; 
studied theology and was a pastor for 
eighteen years over the Congregational 
Church in Canterbury, New Hampshire; 
and in 1780 was a Eepresentative to the 
General Court ; was a Delegate from 
New Hampshire to the Continental Con- 
gress, from 1783 to 1785; and was pre- 
sent at Washington's resignation of the 
command of the army at Annapolis ; he 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
New Hampshire, from 1789 to 1791, and 
was again a Representative in the Legis- 
lature, and a Delegate to revise the State 
Constitution ; was a member of the State 
Senate, from 1793 to 1794, and in both 
years was President of that body ; and 
was re-elected to Congress, from 1795 
to 1803. He died at Canterbury, Feb- 
ruary 6, 1806. 

Foster, A. Laivrence. — He was 

born in Ivew York, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1841 to 1843. 

Foster, Divlght. — He was born in 
Massachusetts in 1 757, and died at Brook- 
field, in that State, in April, 1823. He 
graduated at Brown University in 1774 ; 
studied and practised law ; was County 
Sheriff, and Judge of the Common 
Pleas; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, from 
1793 to 1799; and a Senator in Con- 



gress, from 1800 to 1803, when he re- 
signed. 

Foster, Ephralni H. — He en- 
tered public life when quite young, and 
in 1829 was Speaker of the House of Re- 
presentatives of Tennessee. In 1837 he 
was elected to the United States Senate, 
but in 1839 resigned his seat because he 
could not obey the instructions of the 
State Legislature ; and in 1843 he was 
re-elected for two years. On his re- 
turn from Washington he was a candi- 
date for Governor, but failisd of an elec- 
tion. He died at Nashville, September 
4, 1854. 

Foster, Henry A. — He was bom 

in New York ; served in the Senate of 
that State from 1831 to 1834, and from 
1841 to 1844 ; was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 1837 
to 1839 ; and was a Senator in Congress 
during the years 1844 and 1845. 

Foster, Henry J). — He was born 

in Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1843 to 1847. 

Foster, Lafayette S. — Born in 

Franklin, New London County, Con- 
necticut, November 22, 1806, and is a 
direct descendant of Miles Standish. 
He graduated at Brown University; is 
a lawyer by profession ; was a member 
of the General Assembly of Connecticut 
in 1839, 1840, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1854; 
Speaker of the House in 1847, 1848, 
1854; Mayor of the City of Norwich, 
Connecticut, for two years, and chosen 
a Senator in Congress, from March 4, 
1855, for six years, and serving as a 
member of the Committees on Public 
Lands, Pensions, and the Judiciary. In 
1860 he was re-elected to the Senate for 
a second term of six years. During the 
Thirty-seventh Congress he was Chair- 
man of the Committee on Pensions. 

Foster, Nathaniel G, — Born at 
" The Fork," in Greene County, Geor- 
gia, August 25, 1809 ; graduated at 
Franklin College in 1839 ; read law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1831, 
and settled in Madison, Georgia, where 
he obtained a high reputation as an ad- 
vocate and jury lawyer. He served 
three years as Solicitor-General of Oc- 
mulgee Circuit, five years in the State 
Senate, and one year in the House, and 



142 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



was a Eepresentative in the Thirty- 
fourth Congress. 

Foster, Stephen C. — Born in 
Machias, Maine, December 24, 1799; 
commenced life as a blacksmith, but for 
the last twenty-five years has been a 
lumber merchant and ship-builder ; 
was in the Maine Legislature from 1834 
to 1837, again in 1840, when he was 
President of the Senate, and again in 
1847 ; was elected to Congress, from 
Maine, in 1856, serving through the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, as a member of 
the Committee on Manufactures. He 
is now President of the Washington 
Agricultural Society of his native State. 
He was also elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, and was also a member of 
the Peace Congress of 1861. 

Foster, Theodore. — He was born 
in Massachusetts, and was a Senator in 
Congress, from Khode Island, from 
1790 to 1803, and died in 1828. 

Foster, Thoinas F. — Born in 
G-reensborough, Georgia, November 23, 
1790. He graduated at Franklin Col- 
lege in 1812 ; read law at home, and at 
Litchfield, Connecticut, and was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1816. He was for 
many years a member of the Georgia 
Legislature ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from 1829 to 1835, and again 
from 1841 to 1843. He died in 1847. 

FouJee. Philip JB. — Born in Kas- 
kaskia, Illinois, January 23, 1818 ; was 
chiefly self-educated ; was first a clerk, 
and then a civil engineer ; in 1841 he 
established a paper called the Belleville 
Advocate, which he printed and edited 
for four years ; he then studied law, and 
after being admitted to practice, he was 
elected in 1846 Prosecuting Attorney 
for his District and re-elected ; in 1851 
he was elected a member of the Illinois 
Legislature ; in 1856 he was again elect- 
ed Prosecuting Attorney ; and in 1858 
was elected a Representative, from Illi- 
nois, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv- 
ing on the Committee on Public Ex- 
penditures. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, but served as a Colo- 
nel of volunteers in 1861, resigning his 
commission in 1862. 

Fowler, tToJm. — He was a soldier 
in the war of the Revolution ; attained 
the rank of Captain ; and was a member 



of Congress, from Kentucky, from 1797 
to 1807. He died at Lexington, Ken- 
tucky, August 22, 1840, aged eighty- 
five years. 

Fowler, Orin. — He was born in 
Connecticut in 1795 ; graduated at Yale 
College in 1815 ; studied divinity, but 
turned his attention to politics ; was 
elected to the Senate of Massachusetts 
in 1848 ; and was a Representative in 
Congress from 1849 to the time of his 
death, which occurred in Washington 
City, September 3, 1852. He was at one 
time settled over a church in Plainfleld, 
Connecticut. 

Fowler, Samuel. — Born in New 
Jersey in 1779 ; was a distinguished 
member of the medical profession ; and 
a Representative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1833 to 1837. Died in 
Sussex County, New Jersey, February 
21, 1844. 

Franchot, Richard. — Was born 

in Morris, Otsego County, New York, 
in 1816; received an English education ; 
served as a civil engineer for seven 
years ; subsequently turned his attention 
to farming ; was President of the Al- 
bany and Susquehanna Railroad Com- 
pany ; and was elected a Representative, 
from New York, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving on the Committees 
on the District of Columbia, and the 
Pacific Railroad. 

Francis, John B. — He was born 
in Rhode Island, and was a Senator in 
Congress, from that State, from 1844 to 
1845, having been Governor of Rhode 
Island, from 1833 to 1838. Died in 
Providence, Rhode Island, August 9, 
1864. 

FranTc, Augustus. — He was born 

in Warsaw, Wyoming County, New 
York, July 17, 1826 ; early became 
engaged in mercantile pursuits, to which 
he was devoted for many years. In 
1858 he was elected a Representative, 
from New York, to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Patents ; re-elected to 
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
on the Committees on the Library and 
on Mileage ; and for a third term, was 
re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, when he was made Chairman of 
the Committee on the Library, serving 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



143 



also on the Committee on Mileage, and 
the Select Committee on the Bankrupt 
Law. 

FranJclin, Jesse, — He was born in 
Surry County, North Carolina ; served 
with credit in the Kevolutionary war, 
as a Major ; was a member of the 
House of Delegates of that State in 
1794; represented that State in Con- 
gress, from 1795 to 1797, and then re- 
turned to the Legislature. From 1799 
to 1805, and from 1807 to 1813, he was 
United States Senator, officiating in 
the Eighth Congress as President pro 
tern, of the Senate. In 1816 he was ap- 
pointed, by President Madison, a Com- 
missioner to treat with the Chickasaws, 
and was elected Grovernor of North 
Carolina in 1820. He died in Surry 
County, in 1823, aged sixty-five years. 

Franklin f tTohnA. — He was born 
in "Worcester County, Maryland, May 
6, 1820 ; graduated at Jefferson College, 
Pennsylvania, in 1836 ; studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1841 ; 
served in the State Legislature of Mary- 
land in 1843, and also in 1849, when he 
was elected Speaker ; in 1851 he was 
chosen President of the Board of Public 
Works of the State, and was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Maryland, 
from 1853 to 1855. 

Franklin, Meshack. — A Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from North Caro- 
lina, from 1807 to 1815. He served in 
the House of Commons of that State in 
1800, and in the State Senate in 1828 
and 1829. He was also a member of 
the Executive Council of North Caro- 
lina, and a Delegate to the Convention 
for revising the State Constitution. 
He died in Surry County, December 18, 
1839. 

Freedley, John. — He was born 
(according to an interesting work pub- 
lished by E. T. Freedley, Esq.), in Nor- 
ristown, Montgomery County, Penn- 
sylvania, May 22, 1793. He com- 
menced life as a brickmaker ; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1820 ; he entered extensively into va- 
rious kinds of business, especially that 
of quarrying marble, and was success- 
ful ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1847 to 
1851. He died December 8, 1851. 



Freetnan, John D. — He was born 
in New Jersey, and, having removed to 
Mississippi, was elected a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1851 to 1853. 

Freeman, Jonathan. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
Hampshire, from 1797 to 1801. From 
1789 to 1797 he was a State Councillor ; 
from 1793 to 1808 one of the Overseers 
of Dartmouth College ; and died in 
1808, aged sixty-three years. 

Freeman, Nathaniel. — He was 

born at Dennis, Massachusetts, in April, 
1741, and died September 27, 1820. He 
graduated at Harvard University; stu- 
died medicine; and was a patriot in the 
Kevolutionary war ; performed various 
services in the Legislature and as a 
Brigadier-General of militia ; he was 
also a Judge of Probate for forty-seven 
years, and a Judge of the Common 
Pleas for thirty years ; he was twice 
married, and had twenty children ; and 
was a member of Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, from 1795 to 1799. 

Frelinghuysen, Frederick. — 

Born in New Jersey, April 13, 1753 ; 
graduated at Princeton College in 1770. 
When twenty-two years of age he was 
sent to the Continental Congress ; and 
as Captain of a volunteer corps of ar- 
tillery, he was at the battles of Tren- 
ton and Monmouth, and it is said that 
it was he who killed Ehalle, the Hes- 
sian commander at Trenton. He was 
a Senator in Congress, from 1793 to 
1796, when he resigned on account 
of domestic bereavements. He stood 
among the first at the bar of New Jer- 
sey, and held various State and County 
offices. He died April 13, 1804. 

FrelinffJiuysen, Theodore. — He 

was born in Millstown, Somerset Coun- 
ty, New Jersey, March 28, 1787 ; gradu- 
ated at Princeton College, Nassau Hall, 
in 1804 ; studied law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1808 ; was Attorney-Gre- 
neral of New Jersey, from 1818 to 1829 ; 
and a Senator in Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1829 to 1835. Mr. Fre- 
linghuysen was Chancellor of the Uni- 
versity of New York, from 1839 to 1850, 
and while in that position was the can- 
didate of the Whig party for Vice-Presi- 
dent upon the ticket with Henry Clay. 



144 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



In 1850 lie was elected President of Rut- 
gers College, where he officiated until 
Ms death, devoting much of his time and 
means to the benevolent and educational 
interests of his native State and of the 
Union. He resided for some years at 
Newark, New Jersey, and was Mayor of 
thatcity in 1837 and 1838. He also served 
as President of the American Tempe- 
rance Union, of the American Tract 
Society, the Board of Foreign Missions, 
and of the American Bible Society. In 
the church, he was for many years 
recognized as the great leader in all the 
moral movements of the country, and 
was universally beloved. Died at New 
Brunswick, New Jersey, April 12, 1862. 

Fremont, Jolm Charles. — Born 
in Savannah, Georgia, January 21, 
1813. His father was an emigrant from 
France. He received a good education, 
though left an orphan at four years of 
age ; and at the age of seventeen he 
graduated at Charleston College. From 
teaching mathematics he turned his 
attention to civil engineering, and was 
recommended to the Government for 
employment in the Mississippi survey. 
He was afterwards employed at Wash- 
ington in constructing maps of that 
region. Having received the commis- 
sion of a Lieutenant of engineers, he 
proposed to the Secretary of War to 
penetrate the Eocky Mountains. His 
plan was approved, and in 1842, with a 
few men, he explored the South Pass. 
Impatient of quiet, he planned a new 
expedition to the Territory of Oregon. 
He approached the Eocky Mountains 
by a new line, scaled the summits south 
of the South Pass, deflected to the Great 
Salt Lake, and connected his survey 
with that of Wilkes 's Exploring Expedi- 
tion. He also performed another ex- 
pedition, in which he revealed the grand 
features of Alta California, its great 
basin, the Sierra Nevada, the valleys 
of the San Joaquin and Sacramento, 
and established the geography of the 
western portion of the continent. In 
August, 1844, he was planning a third 
expedition, while writing the history of 
the second, and before its publication, 
in 1845, was again on his way to the 
Pacific, collecting his mountain com- 
rades, to examine in detail the Asiatic 
slope of the continent, which resulted 
in giving a new volume of science to 
the world, and California to the United 
States. After the conquest of Califor- 



nia, in which he bore a part, he was the 
victim of a quarrel between two Ame- 
rican commanders, and stripped of his 
commission by court-martial. The Pre- 
sident reinstated him, but he declined 
returning. He determined to retrieve 
his honor. One line more would com- 
plete his survey, the route for a great 
road from the Mississippi to San Fran- 
cisco. Again he appeared in the far 
West. He refitted his expedition, and 
started again ; pierced the country of 
the Apaches ; met, awed, or defeated 
savage tribes ; and, in a hundred days 
from Santa F6, stood on the banks of 
the Sacramento. The people of Cali- 
fornia reversed the judgment of the 
court-martial, and he was made the 
first Senator of the Golden State, in 
1850 and 1851. He was subsequently a 
candidate for President in opposition to 
Mr. Buchanan, and, though he received 
a large vote, was defeated. In 1861 he 
served in the Union army as a Major- 
General ; and by the Cleveland Con- 
vention of 1864 was again nominated 
for the office of President of the United 
States. 

French, Ezra S. — He was a Ee- 

presentative, from Maine, in the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Manufactures. He 
was also a member of the Peace Con- 
gress of 1861. By President Lincoln 
he was appointed Second Auditor of the 
Treasury. 

French, S,ic7iard.—H.e was a na- 
tive of Kentuckj;', and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1835 to 1837, from 1843 to 1845, and 
again from 1847 to 1849. 

Frey, Joseph. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1827 
to 1831. 

FricJc, Henri/. — Born in North- 
umberland County, Pennsylvania, in 
1796 ; was educated as a printer ; be- 
came an editor of a newspaper ; served 
for three sessions in the State Legisla- 
ture ; and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress at the time of his death, which 
occurred at Washington City, March 
1, 1844. 

Fries, George. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and, having removed to 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



145 



Ohio, was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 
1847, and for a second term ending in 
1849. 

FromenUn, Eligiiis. — A Senator 
of the United States, from Louisiana, 
from 1813 to 1819. In 1821 he was 
Judge of the Criminal Court of New 
Orleans, and was appointed Judge of 
the Western District of Florida. He 
shortly resigned his office and returned 
to the practice of law, at New Orleans, 
where he died, of the yellow fever, Oc- 
tober 6, 1822. 

Frost, Joel. — He was born in New 
York ; served in the State Assembly, 
in 1806 and 1808, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1823 to 1825. 

Fry, Jacob f Jr. — He was a native 
of Pennsylvania, and was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1835 to 1839. 

Fuller, George. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1845. 

Fuller, Henry M. — He was born 
in Bethany, Wayne County, Pennsyl- 
vania, January 3, 1820; graduated at 
Nassau Hall, Princeton, in 1839 ; stu- 
died law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1842 ; in 1848 was elected to the Le- 
gislature of Pennsylvania ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1851 to 1853, and from 1855 
to 1857. Died in Philadelphia, Decem- 
ber 26, 1860. 

Fuller, Fhilo C — He was a mem- 
ber of the New York Assembly in 1830; 
a Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1833 to 1837; the Second 
Postmaster-General, from 1841 to 1843 ; 
and died at Geneva, August T6, 1855. 

Fuller, Thomas J. D. — He was 

born in Hardwick, Caledonia County, 
Vermont, March 17, 1808 ; was left an 
orphan when seven years of age ; spent 
his boyhood and youth upon a farm ; 
on attaining manhood, studied and 
adopted the profession of law, having 
been admitted to the bar in 1833 ; and, 
removing to Maine, was elected State's 
Attorney for his county for three years ; 



was elected a Representative, from 
Maine, to the Thirty-first, Thirty- 
second, Thirty-third, and Thirty-fourth 
Congresses, serving as an active mem- 
ber of the Committee on Commerce. 
In 1857 he was appointed, by President 
Buchanan, Second Auditor of the Trea- 
sury, which office he held until 1861. 

Fuller, Timothy. — He was born 
at Chilmark, Martha's Vineyard, Mas- 
sachusetts, July 11, 1778, and gradu- 
ated at Harvard University in 1801 ; 
was a member of the Massachusetts Se- 
nate from 1813 to 1817 ; Speaker of the 
Lower House in 1825; again a State 
Representative in 1831 ; a State Coun- 
cillor in 1831 ; and he was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1817 to 1825; and died at Groton, 
Massachusetts, October 1, 1835, aged 
fifty-seven years. 

Fuller, William, K. — He was a 

member of the Assembly of New York 
in 1829 and 1830 ; at one time Adjutant- 
General of the State Militia ; and from 
1833 to 1837 a Representative in Con- 
gress. 

Fullerton, David. — Born in 1771 ; 
was for several years a member of the 
State Legislature of Pennsylvania ; and 
represented that State in Congress, from 
1819 to 1820. He died at Greencastle, 
Pennsylvania, February 1, 1843. 

Fullton, Andrew S. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1847 
to 1849. 

Fulton, John H. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1833 to 1835, and died at Abing- 
don, January 28, 1836. 

Fulton, William S. — He was born 
in Cecil County, Maryland, June 2, 
1795 ; graduated at Baltimore College 
in 1813, and commenced the study of 
law with William Pinckney ; but be- 
fore coming of age, he served with great 
credit in a volunteer company, which 
was assigned to the defence of Fort Mc- 
Henry. He was aid to Colonel Armi- 
sted, taking charge of the company 
during the illness of that commander, 
and returned with them to the city of 
Baltimore. After peace was restored 
in 1815, he removed to Tennessee with 



146 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



his father's family, and resumed the 
study of law with Felix Grundy. In 
1818 he volunteered with the Nashville 
Guards, and was private secretary to 
General Jackson during the Florida 
campaign. He settled in Alabama for 
the practice of law, and was appointed 
by President Jackson, in 1829, Secre- 
tary of the Territory of Arkansas, and, 
in 1835, Governor of the same, which 
office he held until the Territory was 
admitted into the Union as a State, 
when he was elected a Senator, from 
Arkansas, from 1836 to 1844. He died 
at Rosewood, near Little Eock, Arkan- 
sas, August 15, 1844. 

Gage, Joshua. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1817 to 1819, having been a 
member of the Legislature from 1805 to 
1808, in 1813, 1814, 1820, and 1821 ; and 
was a State Councillor in 1822 and 1823. 

Gaillard, tTohn. — A Senator of 
the United States, from South Carolina, 
from 1804 to 1826. He voted for the 
war of 1812, and was repeatedly called 
to preside over the Senate, in the ab- 
sence of the Vice-President. He died 
at Washington, February 26, 1826. 

Gaines, tTohn JP. — He was born in 
Kentucky ; was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 
1849 ; and was subsequently appointed 
Governor of Oregon Territory. 

Gaither, Nathan. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1829- 
to 1833. Died at Columbia, Adair 
County, Kentucky, in 1862, aged se- 
venty-seven years. 

Galbraith, John. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1833 to 1837, and again from 1839 
to 1841. Died at Erie, June 15, 1860, 
while holding the office of United States 
Judge for the District of Pennsylvania. 

Gale, George. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Maryland, 
from 1789 to 1791. 

Gale, Levin. — He was born in 
Maryland, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1827 to 
1829. 



Gallatin, Albert. — Born at Ge- 
neva, January 29, 1761 ; graduated at 
the University of his native city, in 
1779, and during the next year emi- 
grated to America. He commenced his 
career in Maine, then a part of Massa- 
chusetts, having been placed in com- 
mand of a small fort at Machias, and 
while there he furnished funds of his 
own to American troops, and acted as a 
volunteer also. He was appointed a 
tutor at Harvard University in 1782, 
and removed to Pennsylvania in 1783, 
where he acted a prominent part in the 
State Convention of 1789, and served in 
the lower branch of the Legislature in 
1790 and 1791. He also spent several 
years in Yirginia, and in that State 
took the oath of allegiance. In 1793 
he was elected a Senator in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, but his seat was 
vacated, in 1794, by a resolution of the 
Senate, on the ground of want of citi- 
zenship for a sufficient length of time ; 
and soon after, without his knowledge, 
he was elected a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, serving from 
1795 to 1801. He was, in the latter 
year, appointed Secretary of the Trea- 
sury, under President Jefferson, and, 
as an executive councillor, and subse- 
quently diplomatist and statesman, he 
obtained a very high reputation. In 
1813 he went to St. Petersburg as one 
of the Envoys Extraordinary, to nego- 
tiate with Great Britain, under the me- 
diation of Eussia, and, during the fol- 
lowing year, with Adams, Bayard, 
Clay, and Eussell, signed the Treaty of 
Ghent. He assisted also in concluding 
the Commercial Convention with Eng- 
land, at London, in 1815, and resided 
at Paris, as Minister of the United 
States, from 1816 to 1823. In 1827 he 
obtained full indemnification from Eng- 
land, for injuries sustained by our citi- 
zens for violating the Treaty of Ghent. 
President Madison offered him a seat in 
his cabinet, as Secretary of State ; Pre- 
sident Monroe offered him the post of 
Secretary of the Navy, and he was also 
nominated for Vice-President, all which 
honors he declined. In 1828 he became 
a citizen of New York, and took an 
active part in promoting the literary 
and commercial interests of the Empire 
City, and of the Union at large. In 
1831 he was a member of the Free 
Trade Convention, and drew up the 
memorial to Congress, which embodies 
the views of the Democratic party ; he 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



147 



was President of the National Bank of 
New York, and also of the New York 
Historical Society, and the Ethnological 
Society, and advocated the establish- 
ment of the New York University ; 
and, just before his death, became iden- 
tified with the Smithsonian Institution. 
He was a fine scholar, and published 
many papers on the currency and 
finance, on Indian languages, and other 
important subjects. He died at Astoria, 
Long Island, August 12, 1849. 

Gallegos, Jose Manuel. — He was 

born in New Mexico, and was a Dele- 
gate, from that Territory, to the Thirty- 
third and Thirty-fourth Congresses. 

Gallotvay, Saninel. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and, having removed 
to Ohio, was elected a Representative, 
from that State, to the Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

Gallup, Albert. — He was at one 
time Sheriflf of Albany County, New 
York ; a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1837 to 1841, and 
was appointed by President Polk Col- 
lector of Providence, Rhode Island. 
He died at Providence, in November, 
1851. 

Gamble^ James. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1855. 

Gamble, Itoger L. — Was a mem- 
ber of the House of Representatives in 
Congress, from Georgia, from 1833 to 
1835, and from 1841 to 1848 ; and after- 
wards Judge of the Superior Court of 
that State. He died December 20, 1847. 

Gannett, JBarzillai. — He gradu- 
ated at Harvard University in 1785; 
served four years in the State Legisla- 
ture ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1809 to 
1811. 

Ganson, John. — He was born in 
Le Roy, Genesee County, New York, 
January 1, 1818; graduated at Harvard 
College in 1839 ; adopted the profession 
of law ; was a member of the State Le- 
gislature in 1862; and was elected a Re- 
presentative, from New York, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committee of Elections. He was also 



a Delegate to the Chicago Convention 
of 1864. 

Gardenier, Barent. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1807 to 1811. 

Gardner, Francis. — He was born 
in Leominster, Massachusetts, Decem- 
ber 27, 1771 ; graduated at Harvard Col- 
lege ; was a preacher of the Gospel in 
New Hampshire for half a century ; a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1807 to 1809 ; and died at 
Roxbury, Massachusetts, June 25, 1835. 

Gardner^ Gideon. — He was a Re- 
presentative m Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, from 1809 to 1811. 

Garfield, Jatnes A. — He was born 
in Orange, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, No- 
vember 19, 1831 ; graduated at "Williams 
College, Massachusetts, in 1856, and 
adopted the profession of law ; in 1859 
and 1860 he was a member of the Ohio 
Senate ; in 1861 he entered the army as 
Colonel of the Forty-second Regiment 
of Volunteers ; was appointed a Briga- 
dier-General in 1862, the day that he 
fought in the battle of Middle Creek, 
Kentucky. He subsequently served at 
Shiloh, Corinth, and in Alabama, and 
early in 1863 he was appointed chief of 
staff to General Rosecrans, with whom 
he served up to the battle of Chicka- 
mauga. In 1862 he was elected a Re- 
presentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving as a member 
of the Committee on Military Aftairs. 
Before taking his seat in Congress he 
was appointed a Major-General of vo- 
lunteers "for gallant and meritorious 
services in the battle of Chickamauga, 
Georgia, from September 19, 1863." 

Garland, David S. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1809 to 1811. Died in Oc- 
tober, 1841. 

Garland, James. — He was a na- 
tive of Virginia, and a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1845 
to 1847. 

Garland, Rice. — He was born in 
Virginia, and, having taken up his resi- 
dence in Louisiana, was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1834 to 1840, having resigned to become 



148 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Judge of the Superior Court of Loui- 
siana. 

GarnettfJ'aniesM. — Bornat Elm- 
wood, in Essex County, Virginia, June 
8, 1770. He served for several years as 
a member of the Legislature of his na- 
tive State, and was a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from Virginia, from 1805 to 
1809. He was a member of the Con- 
vention assembled at Eichmond in 1829 
to revise the Constitution of Virginia. 
He was interested in the cause of edu- 
cation, and devoted to the pursuits of 
agriculture, having presided over the 
Agricultural Society of Fredericksburg 
for more than twenty years, and toiled 
laboriously for the formation of a Na- 
tional Agricultural Society. He died at 
Elmwood, May, 1843, aged sixty-two 
years. 

Garnett, Muscoe R. H. — He was 

born in Essex County, Virginia ; was 
educated at the University of Virginia, 
and studied law as a profession ; he was 
a member of the Constitutional Con- 
vention of the State in 1850 ; a member 
of the House of Delegates in 1853 and 
1854, 1855 and 1856, and during the lat- 
ter session was Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Finance. He was elected to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress as a Kepresen- 
tative, from Virginia, serving as a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Claims, and 
also elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. He was a Delegate to the Demo- 
cratic Conventions at Baltimore and 
Cincinnati, in 1852 and 1856. 

Garnett, Robert S. — He was a na- 
tive of Essex County, Virginia, and a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1817 to 1827. 

Garnsey, Daniel G. — He was 

born in Saratoga County, New York, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1825 to 1830. 

Garrison, Daniel. — He was born 
in Salem County, New Jersey, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1823 to 1827. 

Garroiv, Nathaniel. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1827 to 1829. 

Gartlin Alfred. — He was born in 
North Carolina; graduated at the Uni- 



versity of that State ; and Avas a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from North Caro- 
lina, from 1823 to 1825. 

Gartrell, Lucius J. — Born in 

Wilkes County, Georgia, January 7, 
1821 ; educated at Randolph Macon Col- 
lege, Virginia, and Franklin College, 
Athens, Georgia ; is a lawyer by pro- 
fession ; and in 1843 was elected, by the 
General Assembly of Georgia, Solicitor- 
General of the Northern Judicial Cir- 
cuit. He resigned in 1847, on being 
elected a Representative to the Legisla- 
ture, and was re-elected in 1849 ; was a 
Presidential Elector for the State of 
Georgia in 1856 ; and in 1857 was elected 
a Representative in the Thirty-fifth 
Congress. He was one of the Regents 
of the Smithsonian Institution, and a 
member of the Committee on Expendi- 
tures in the Treasury Department ; re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Elections. 
Eesigned in 1861, and retired to Georgia. 

Garvin, William S. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1845 to 1847. 

Gaston, William. — Born in New- 
bern. North Carolina, September 19, 
1778. His early education was con- 
ducted by his mother ; advanced at the 
Catholic College of Georgetown, Dis- 
trict of Columbia ; and he graduated at 
Princeton College. He studied law, 
and was admitted to practice in 1798. 
He served a number of years in the 
State Legislature, and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from 1813 to 1817. 
In 1834 he was appointed Judge of the 
Supreme Court, and in 1835 was a mem- 
ber of the State Convention to amend 
the Constitution. He continued on the 
Bench until the time of his death, which 
occurred January 23, 1844. He was an 
able and successful lawyer, and an up- 
right judge, had a taste for polite litera- 
ture, and is remembered in North Caro- 
lina as one of its most distinguished 
citizens. He was a Presidential Elector 
in 1808, and later in life received from 
Princeton the degree of Doctor of Laws. 

Gates, Seth Herrill. — He was 

born in Winfleld, Herkimer County, 
New York, October 16, 1800 ; was self- 
educated ; studied law, and commenced 
practice in 1827 ; was elected to the 
State Legislature in 1832, declining a 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



149 



re-election; in 1838 he purchased and 
became editor of the Le Eoy Gazette ; 
was elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Twent3'-sixth Congress, and 
was elected to the Twenty-seventh Con- 
gress. In his paper and in Congress he 
advocated the right of petition, and on ac- 
count of his hostility to slavery a reward 
of five hundred dollars was offered by a 
Southern planter for his person. At the 
close of the Twenty-seventh Congress 
he drew up a protest against the annex- 
ation of Texas, which was signed by 
twenty -two Representatives, John Quin- 
cy Adams heading the list of names. 
In 1848 he was the Free-soil candidate 
for Lieutenant-Governor of New York ; 
and he has been a resident of the "Old 
Genesee" District for fifty-eight years. 

Gayarre, Charles E. A. — Born 
in Louisiana, January 3, 1805; educated 
at the College of New Orleans ; in 1826 
he went to Philadelphia and studied 
law ; was admitted to the bar in 1829, 
and returned home ; in 1880 he was 
elected to the Legislature ; in 1831 was 
appointed Deputy Attorney-General ; 
in 1833 Presiding Judge of the City 
Court of New Orleans ; and in 1835 he 
was elected a Senator in Congress, but 
ill health prevented him from taking 
his seat. He went to Europe, where he 
spent a number of years, and on his re- 
turn, in 1843, was again returned to the 
State Legislature ;, and in 1846 he was 
appointed Secretary of State, in which 
capacity he served seven years. As an 
author, he has acquired a high position, 
his leading works being as follows: 
" History of Louisiana," " Romance of 
the History of Louisiana," "Spanish 
Domination in Louisiana," a dramatic 
novel called " The School of Politics," 
and a work on " The Influence of the 
Mechanic Arts." 

Giiyle^ John. — Born in Sumter 
District, South Carolina, September 11, 
1792;. educated at South Carolina Col- 
lege ; and emigrated to Alabama in 
1813. In 1817 he was appointed a mem- 
ber of the Territorial Legislature ; was 
Solicitor of the First Judicial District 
on the organization of the State Govern- 
ment; and in 1823 was elected Judge 
of the Supreme Court of the State. In 
1829 was elected to the State Legisla- 
ture, and was Speaker of the House. 
In 1831 was elected Governor, and re- 
elected in 1833. He was Presidential 



Elector in 1836 and in 1840, and in 1847 
was elected, from Mobile County, a Re- 
presentative in Congress. In 1849 he 
was appointed Judge of the United 
States District Court of Alabama, and 
died near Mobile, July 21, 1859. 

Gaylord, James M. — He was 

born in Ohio, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1853. 

Gazley, James W. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1823 to 1825. 

Gehhard, John. — He was born in 
Claverack, New York, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1821 to 1823. 

Geddes, James. — Born near Car- 
lisle, Pennsylvania, July 22, 1763 ; ob- 
tained a limited education while work- 
ing upon a farm ; removing to New 
York, he organized, in 1794, a company 
for the manufacture of salt at Onondaga ; 
in 1800 was elected a magistrate ; in 
1804 and in 1821 he was in the State 
Legislature ; in 1809 an Associate 
County Justice ; in 1812 Judge of the 
Common Pleas ; and he was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress from 1813 to 1815. 
In 1822 he was appointed Chief Engi- 
neer of the Ohio Canal ; and in 1827 
assisted in locating the Chesapeake and 
Ohio Canal, as well as the Pennsylvania 
Canal. He died August 19, 1838. 

Gentry, Meredith JP. — He was 

born in North Carolina ; studied law, 
and settled in the practice of his profes- 
sion in Tennessee ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1839 to 1843, from 1845 to 1847, 
and from 1847 to 1853. 

German, Obadiah. — He was a 

Senator in Congress, from New York, 
from 1809 to 1815, and died September 
24, 1842. 

Gerry, Elbridge. — Born at Mar- 
blehead, Massachusetts, July, 1744, and 
graduated at Harvard College in 1762. 
He devoted himself for several years to 
commercial pursuits ; was a member of 
the Legislature in 1773, and was ap- 
pointed on the Committee of Correspon- 
dence. From 1776 to 1785 he was a 
Delegate to the Continental Congress, 



150 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



and signed the Declaration of Indepen- 
dence ; while in that body he was a 
member of the Committee of Public 
Safety and Supplies, and when the 
Committee were in session atMenotomy, 
he, with Colonel Orne, escaped from 
the British troops at night by fleeing to 
a corn-field, while the house was search- 
ed for them. He was a member of the 
Convention which framed the Consti- 
tution of the United States, but de- 
clined subscribing to it. He was a 
Eepresentative in the Federal Congress 
from 1789 to 1793 ; and in 1797 he was" 
appointed Minister to France. In 1804 
he was one of the Presidential Electors, 
and was Governor of Massachusetts in 
1810 and 1811. In 1813 he was inaugu- 
rated Vice-President of the United 
States, and filled the office until his 
death, which took place at "Washington, 
November 23, 1814. 

Gerry, Elbridge. — Born in Water- 
ford, Oxford County, Maine, December 
6, 1815 ; received a good academical 
education ; studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1889 ; in 1840 was 
Clerk of the House of Representatives 
of Maine ; in 1842 was appointed State's 
Attorney for Oxford County, and re- 
elected by the people during the follow- 
ing year ; in 1846 he was elected to the 
State Legislature ; and he was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Maine, from 
1849 to 1851. Of late years he has re- 
sided in Portland, engaged in the prac- 
tice of his profession. 

Gerry, James. — He was born in 
Maryland, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1839 to 1843. 

Geyer, Henry S. — He was born in 
Frederick County, Maryland, in 1798, 
and early in life removed to Missouri. 
He saw some service in the war of 1812, 
and was Captain of the first militia com- 
pany formed in the State of his adop- 
tion. He adopted the profession of law, 
and became eminent as a practitioner. 
He took an active part in politics, and 
was a member of the Convention which 
formed a State Constitution ; and he 
was an active member of the first two 
sessions of the State Legislature, and 
was chosen Speaker during his second 
term. He succeeded Mr. Benton in the 
United States Senate, where he served 
irom 1851 to 1857 ; and while in "Wash- 



ington, officiated as Attorney in the 
Dred Scott case. He was a man of 
ability, of pleasing manners, and of high 
character. He died at St. Louis, March 
5, 1859. 

Gholson, tTanies H. — He was 

born in Virginia ; graduated at Prince- 
ton College in 1820; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1833 to 1835 ; and died at Bruns- 
wick, Virginia, July 2, 1848, aged fifty 
years. 

Gholson, S. H. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Mississippi, 
from 1837 to 1838. 

Gholson, Thomas. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1808 to 1816. 

Gidclings, tJoshua M. — Born at 

Athens, Bradford County, Pennsylva- 
nia, October 6, 1795; was a lawyer by 
profession ; practised in Ohio ; was 
elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1826 ; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 1838 to 1859. He 
was for many years recognized as one 
of the leaders of the Anti-slavery party, 
and was the author of a book on Florida. 
In 1861 he was appointed by President 
Lincoln, Consul-General of British 
North America ; and died at Montreal, 
while playing billiards. May 27, 1864. 

Gilbert, Edward. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Cali- 
fornia, from 1850 to 1851. 

Grilhert, Ezekiel. — He was born 
in 1755, in Middletown, Connecticut ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1778 ; and 
was a member of Congress, from New 
York, from 1793 to 1797. He sufl'ered 
for thirty years from a stroke of para- 
lysis, and died at Hudson, New York, 
in July, 1842. 

Gilbert, Sylvester. — Born in 1756, 
at Hebron, Connecticut ; graduated at 
Dartmouth College in 1775 ; studied 
law, and was admitted to practice in 
1777, at Hebron. In 1780 he was a 
member of the General Assembly, being 
the youngest member in the House. 
In 1788 he was appointed State's Attor- 
ney for Toland County, and filled that 
office twenty-one years. In 1807 he 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



151 



was appointed Chief JudgeoftheCounty 
Court, and Judge of Probate, which 
offices he held until 1825, with the ex- 
ception of his term as Representative in 
Congress, in 1818 and 1819 ; and in 
1810 he was a teacher of a law school, 
which he continued about seven years, 
during which time fifty-six students 
were prepared for the bar under his 
tuition. In 1826 he was again elected 
to the Legislature, and was then the 
oldest member in the House ; to which 
body he had, from the year 1780, been 
re-elected thirty times. He died in 
January, 1846. 

Gilbert, William A. — He was 

born in Connecticut, and, removing to 
New York, was elected a Representa- 
tive, from that State, to the Thirty- 
fourth Congress. 

Cfiles, John. — Born in Rowan 
County, North Carolina, about the year 
1788 ; graduated at Chapel Hill Univer- 
sity in 1808 ; was a lawyer by profes- 
sion, and engaged in the practice for 
more than thirty years. In 1829 he was 
elected a member of the House of Re- 
presentatives in Congress, but resigned 
before taking his seat, on account of ill 
health. In 1835 he was a member of 
the Convention which met to revise the 
State Constitution. He died March 2, 
1846, in Stanley County, North Caro- 
lina, where his professional duties re- 
quired his attendance before the Circuit 
Court. 

Giles, William Branch. — Born 
in Amelia County, Virginia, August 
12, 1762 ; graduated at Princeton in 
1781 ; studied law, but abandoned the 
profession after practising about six 
years. From 1826 to 1829 he was Go- 
vernor of his native State ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1790 to 
1798, and again from 1801 to 1802; and 
United States Senator, from 1804 to 
1815; and was subsequently a member 
of the Legislature. He published a 
Speech on the Embargo Laws in 1808, 
and, in 1813, Political Letters to the 
People of Virginia, and subsequently 
an invective letter against President 
Monroe, and others, of a political cha- 
racter, to John Marshall and John 
Quincy Adams. He died in Albemarle 
County, Virginia, December 4, 1830. 

Giles, William D. — He was born 



in Maryland, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1845 
to 1847. 

Gillespie, James. — He was a mem- 
ber of the Provincial Congress of North 
Carolina, and a Representative in the 
United States Congress, from 1793 to 
1799, and from 1803 to 1805. Died 
January 10, 1805. 

Gillet, Ransom- H. — Was born in 
New Lebanon, Columbia County, New 
York, January 27, 1800. His early 
employment was farming on his father's 
farm, in Saratoga County, in the sum- 
mer, and lumbering in the pine forest 
during the winter. In 1819 he removed 
to St. Lawrence County, where he was 
employed to teach school, during the 
winter, while he attended the St. Law- 
rence Academy during the summer. In 
1821 he engaged in the study of the law 
with the late Silas Wright, at Canton, 
still continuing to teach for his support. 
He was soon admitted to the bar, and 
settled in Ogdensburg, where he con- 
tinued, mainly devoted to his profession, 
for about twenty years. In 1827 he was 
appointed Brigade-Major and Inspector 
of the 49th Brigade of Militia, and for 
ten years drilled and inspected six large 
regiments in St. Lawrence and Jeffer- 
son Counties ; February 27, 1830, he 
was appointed Postmaster of Ogdens- 
burg, which ofiSce he filled about three 
years ; in 1832 he was a member of the 
first Baltimore Convention, which nomi- 
nated General Jackson for President; 
he was elected, in November of that 
year, to Congress ; re-elected in 1834, 
and served, while in Congress, as a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Commerce ; in 
1837 he was appointed, by President 
Van Buren, a Commissioner to treat 
with the Indian tribes in New York, 
and continued in that service until 
March, 1839; in 1840 he was a member 
of the Baltimore Convention which re- 
nominated Mr. Van Buren ; he then 
engaged in practising law, and con- 
tinued to do so until 1845, when Presi- 
dent Polk appointed him Register of 
the Treasury, in which office he served 
until 1847, when he was promoted to 
the office of Solicitor of the Treasury, 
in which place he continued to serve 
until the autumn of 1849 ; he then re- 
sumed the practice of law in New York ; 
in 1855 he became Assistant to the At- 
torney-General of the United States, 



152 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



and continued in that office until he 
resigned, in 1858 ; and President Bu- 
chanan tendered him the place of Soli- 
citor of the Court of Claims, which he 
accepted and held until 1861. 

Gillette, Francis, — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Connecticut, du- 
ring the session of 1854-5. 

Gillis, fJatnes L. — Born at Hebron, 
Washington County, New York, Octo- 
ber 2, 1792. He received a common 
school education ; served an apprentice- ' 
ship to the currying and tanner's trade ; 
during the campaigns of 1812 and 1813, 
served as a volunteer from New York ; 
in 1814 he was commissioned a Lieu- 
tenant by the Grovernor of New York, 
and, having been taken prisoner by the 
British, was transported to Halifax, 
where he remained until the close of 
the war ; he subsequently^ returned to 
Ontario County, and established him- 
self as a farmer ; in 1823 he removed to 
Pennsylvania; in 1840 was elected to 
the Legislature of that State ; in 1842 
was appointed one of the Judges of Jef- 
ferson County ; elected to the State 
Senate in 1845 ; re-elected to the Lower 
House in 1851 ; and elected a Kepresen- 
tative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Agricul- 
ture. 

Gillon, Alexander. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1793 to 1794, having 
died during the latter year. 

Gilman, Charles J.— Re was hoTn 
in New Hampshire ; served in the Le- 
gislature of that State in 1854 ; and 
having removed to Maine, was elected 
a Eepresentative to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, from that State, and was a 
member of the Committee on Private 
Land Claims. 

Giltnan, Nicholas. — He was a De- 
legate, from New Hampshire, to the 
Continental Congress, from 1786 to 1788 ; 
after the adoption of the Constitution, 
was elected a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1789 to 1797 ; and was a 
Senator in Congress, from New Hamp- 
shire, from 1805 to 1814. He died at 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 2, 
1814, aged fifty-two years. 

Crilmer, George M. — He was born 



in "Wilkes County (now Oglethorpe), 
Georgia, April 11, 1790. He received 
an academical education, but did not 
enter college, on account of ill health. 
He studied law, and settled in Lexing- 
ton, Oglethorpe County, Georgia. In 
1813, as First Lieutenant of the Forty- 
third Eegiment, United States Army, he 
participated in the Creek war, and in 
1818 entered upon the practice of his 
profession. He was elected to the State 
Legislature in 1818, 1819, and 1824; 
was Governor of the State for the terms 
commencing in 1829 and 1837, and du- 
ring the latter term removed the Chero- 
kee Indians from Georgia. He was 
President of the Board of Presidential 
Electors in 1836 ; and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from 1821 to 1823, 
from 1827 to 1829, and from 1833 to 1836. 
He was also a Presidential Elector in 
1836 and 1840, and for thirty years per- 
formed the duties of trustee of the Geor- 
gia College. He was the author of a 
book, published in 1855, entitled "Geor- 
gians," which contains much useful and 
interesting information touching the 
early settlement of his native State. 
Died at Lexington, Georgia, November 
15, 1859. 

Gilmer, John A. — Born in Guil- 
ford County, North Carolina, Novem- 
ber 4, 1805 ; acquired a good English 
education at winter schools, working on 
a farm and in the shop during the sum- 
mers ; then taught a school, and thus 
obtained the means to enter the acade- 
my at Greensborough for three years, 
and became a good linguist and mathe- 
matician, and taught for three years in 
a grammar school; afterwards studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1832. Was a member of the State Se- 
nate, from 1846 to 1856, and was elected 
a Eepresentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Elections. In 1856 he was 
the Whig candidate for Governor of 
North Carolina, but defeated. He was 
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
and made Chairman of the Committee 
on Elections. 

Gilmer, Thomas IF.— He was a 

native of Virginia, in which State he 
held many positions of high character, 
having been Governor of the State in 
1840, and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1841 to 1843, from Virginia; 
and was Secretary of the Navy under 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



153 



President Tyler. He was killed by the 
accident on board the United States 
steamer Princeton, February 28, 1844. 

CrUmore, Alfred. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1849 to 1853. 

Gilniore, tToJin. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1829 to 1833. Died May 18, 
1845. 

Crist, Joseph. — Born in Union Dis- 
trict, South Carolina, in 1775 ; educated 
at the Charleston College ; studied law 
and admitted to the bar in 1799 ; served 
in the Legislature of his native State 
for eighteen years ; was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from South Carolina, 
from 1821 to 1827 ; served as a Trustee 
of the State College ; and died May 8, 
1836. 

Glascock, Thomas. — He was a 

soldier and statesman of Georgia; served 
at the siege of Savannah, under Count 
Pulaski, as Lieutenant, and exhibited 
great skill and bravery ; he was ap- 
pointed Colonel of the troops ordered 
out by the Legislature, in defence of the 
State against the Indians, on the west- 
ern frontier ; and was afterwards elected 
General of militia. He was a Repre- 
.sentative in Congress, from Georgia, 
from 183G to 1839, and highly respected 
for his talents and character. He died 
at Decatur, Georgia, May 9, 1841. 

Glasgoiv, Hugh. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1813 to 1817. 

Glenn, Hen7'y. — He took an active 
part in the Revolutionary war, and was 
a Representative, from New York, in 
Congress, from 1793 to 1801. He died 
at Schenectady, in 1814, aged seventy- 
three years. 

Gloninger, tTohn. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Representa- 
tive, from that State, in the Twelfth 
Congress, but resigned before the expi- 
ration of his term, and E. Crouch was 
elected in his place. 

Goddard, Calvin. — Born in 
Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, July 17, 
1768; and graduated at Dartmouth, in 



1786. He was admitted to the bar in 
Norwich, Connecticut, in 1790, and set- 
tled in Plainlield, from which place he 
was elected a Representative in the Le- 
gislature, for nine sessions, during three 
of which he was Sjieaker of the House. 
He removed to Norwich in 1807. From 
1801 to 1805 he was a Representative in 
Congress, and from 1808 to 1815 he was 
a member of the State Council, and from 
1815 to 1818 Judge of the Superior 
Court. He was State's Attorney for the 
County of New London for five years, 
and Mayor of Norwich for seventeen 
years. He died at Norwich, May 2, 
1842. 

Croggin, William L. — Born in 

Bedford County, Virginia, May 31, 
1807 ; received an academic education ; 
studied law in Winchester, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1828, and practised 
in several of the Circuit and District 
Courts of the State. In 1836 he was a 
member of the Legislature, and in 1837 
declined a re-election. In 1839 he was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
from Virginia, and was re-elected in 
1841, 1843", and 1847, being Chairman of 
the Committee on Post-offices and Post- 
roads during his last term. He was 
afterwards appointed one of the Visitors 
of West Point, under the administration 
of President Fillmore, and since that 
time he has pursued his profession, in 
connection with agricultural pursuits. 
In 1859 he was nominated as the Whig- 
candidate for Governor of Virginia. 

Gold, Thomas It. — He was a na- 
tive of New York ; graduated at Yale 
College in 1786; was a member of the 
State Senate from 1797 to 1802 ; a mem- 
ber of the Assembly in 1808 ; and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1809 to 
1813, and again from 1815 to 1817. He 
died in 1826. 

Goldshorough, Cliarles W. — He 

was Governor of the State of Maryland, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
1805 to 1817. He died at Shoal Creek, 
Maryland, December 13, 1834. 

Goldshorotigh, Robert H. — He 

was a Senator of the United States, 
from Maryland, from 1813 to 1819, and 
again from 1835 to 1836. He died at 
New Easton, Maryland, October 5, 
1836. 



11 



154 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Gooch, Daniel W. — Born in Wells, 
State of Maine, in January, 1820. He 
graduated at Dartmouth in 1843 ; stu- 
died law, and came to the bar in 1846 ; 
commenced the practice of his profes- 
sion in Boston ; was elected in 1852 to 
the Legislature of Massachusetts ; in 
1853 to the Constitutional Convention 
of the State ; and subsequently a Kepre- 
sentative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
from Massachusetts, for an unexpired 
term. He was also elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Territories ; re-elected 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
on the Special Committee on the Con- 
duct of the War ; and was re-elected to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
the Committees on Private Land Claims, 
and Foreign AfiPairs. 

Goode, Patrick G. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was elected a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1837 to 1843. 

Goode, Samuel. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1799 to 1801. 

Goode, William O. — He was born 
at Inglewood, Mecklenburg County, 
Virginia, September 16, 1798; was edu- 
cated at the College of William and 
Mary ; studied law, and commenced the 
practice in 1821 ; he was, early in life, 
elected for several terms a member of 
the State Legislature. He was a mem- 
ber, in 1829, of the State Keform Con- 
vention of Virginia ; in 1832 he was 
again elected to the State Legislature, 
and took an active part in the debates 
on slavery of that year ; he was re- 
elected to the Legislature in 1838 ; and 
he was first elected a Eepresentative in 
Congress, froin Virginia, in 1841, serv- 
ing until 1843. He was subsequently 
again elected to the Legislature, and 
was Speaker of the House of Delegates 
for several sessions ; he was also a mem- 
ber of the State Reform Convention of 
1850, and was chosen Chairman of the 
Legislative Committee ; and he was a 
member of the House of Delegates, called 
to put the New Constitution into opera- 
tion, and Chairman of the Committee 
on Finance. In 1853 he was again 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
from Virginia, and was regularly re- 
elected until the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
in which he served as Chairman of the 



Committee on the District of Columbia. 
Died near Boydtown, Virginia, July 3, 
1859. 

Goodenow, John 3£. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1829 to 1881. 

Goodenow, Robert. — He was born 

in Farmington, New Hampshire, in 
1800 ; admitted to the bar in 1821 ; was 
County Attorney from 1828 to 1834, and 
in 1841 ; and, having taken up his resi- 
dence in Maine, was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 
1853. In 1857 he was appointed Bank 
Commissioner for the State. 

Goodenow, JRufus K. — Born in 
Henniker, New Hampshire, April 24, 
1790, but removed with his father to 
Brownfield, Maine, where he was edu- 
cated in a country school. He was a 
farmer, and for many years a common 
sailor. He entered the army in 1812 as 
Captain in the Thirty-third Regiment 
of United States Infantry, and served 
in that capacity until 1815. Upon the 
organization of a State Government he 
was appointed Clerk of the Courts for 
Oxford Countjr, and removed to Paris, 
and held this office sixteen years. He 
was a member of the Legislature, and a 
Presidential Elector in 1840, and repre- 
sented his district in the Thirty-first 
Congress. 

Goodhue, Benjamin. — Bom at 

Salem, Massachusetts, October 1, 1748 ; 
graduated at Harvard University in 
1766 ; and received literary honors from 
Yale College in 1804. Early in life he 
engaged in commercial pursuits. He 
was a Whig during the Revolution ; re- 
presented his native county in the State 
Senate, from 1784 to 1789, when he was 
elected a Representative to Congress 
under the new Constitution, and, as- 
sisted by Mr. Fitzsimmons, of Philadel- 
phia, formed our code of revenue laws, 
the majority of which have never been 
abrogated. In 1796 he was elected a 
Senator of the United States, and be- 
came distinguished as Chairman of the 
Committee on Commerce ; but in 1800 
he resigned his seat, and retired from 
public life. He died at Salem, July 28, 
.1814. 

Goodrich, Chauncey. — Born at 
Durham, Connecticut, October 20, 1759 j 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



155 



graduated at Yale College in 1776, with 
a high reputation for genius and acquire- 
ments. After spending several years as 
tutor in that institution he established 
himself as a lawyer at Hartford, and soon 
attained to eminence in the profession. 
He was a Representative in the Legisla- 
ture in 1793, and a Representative in 
Congress, from 1795 to 1801. From 1802 
to 1807 was a Councillor of the State ; 
and he was elected United States Sena- 
tor from 1807 to 1813. He received the 
office of Mayor of Hartford in 1812, 
and resigned his seat in Congress. He 
was elected Lieutenant-Governor of the 
State in 1813. He died August 18, 
1815. 

Goodrich, Eliznr. — He was one 

of the very few survivors among the 
men who figured in public life under 
the administrations of Washington and 
the elder Adams. He belonged to the 
Washington school of Federalists, and 
his removal from the office of Collector 
of Customs, at New Haven, immediately 
on the accession of Jefferson to the Pre- 
sidency, gave occasion to the famous 
letter, in which Jefferson avowed his 
principle of removal for political opin- 
ions. Besides being honored with vari- 
ous offices of trust and responsibility, 
he was for some time Professor of Law 
in Yale College, and for many years the 
efficient Mayor of New Haven. He 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Connecticut, from 1799 to 1801. Died 
in New Haven, November 1, 1849. 

Goodrich, John Z. — He was born 
in Sheffield, Massachusetts, September 
27, 1801; adopted the profession of law, 
but turned his attention to manufactur- 
ing ; served in the State Legislature in 
1848 and 1849 ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1851 to 1855, 
from his native State. In 1861 he was 
appointed, by President Lincoln, Col- 
lector of Boston, and was a Delegate to 
the Peace Congress of 1861. 

Goodwin, Henry C. — Born in 
De Ruyter , Madison County, New York, 
June 25, 1824, received an academic 
education, and studied law, having been 
admitted to the bar in 1846. In 1847 
he was elected District Attorney of Ma- 
dison County, and held the office three 
years. He was a Representative, from 
New York, to the second session of the 
Thirty-third Congress, and was re- 



elected to the Thirty-fifth, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Claims. 
Died at Hamilton, Canada West, No- 
vember 12, 1860. 

Goodwin, John N. — Was born in 
South Berwick, Maine ; graduated at 
Dartmouth College in 1844 ; studied 
law, and commenced practice in South 
Berwick; was elected in 1854 to the 
Senate of Maine ; and in 1860 a Repre- 
sentative, from Maine, to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on the Militia, and Invalid 
Pensions. He was subsequently ap- 
pointed, by President Lincoln, Chief 
Justice of the Territory of Arizona. 

Goodwin, Peterson. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1803 to 1818. Died Febru- 
ary 21, 1818. 

Goodyear, Charles. — He was born 
in New York, and was a member of the 
New York Assembly, from Schoharie 
County, in 1840, and a Representative 
in Congress from 1845 to 1847. 

Gordon, Ja^nes. — He was a mem- 
ber, for seven years, of the State Senate 
of New York, twelve years in the State 
Assembly, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 1791 
to 1795. 

Gordon, Samuel. — He was born 

in New York, served in the State As- 
sembly in 1834, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1841 to 1843, and again from 1845 to 
1847. 

Gordon, William,. — He was a gra- 
duate of Harvard College in 1779 ; was 
Attorney-General for the State of New 
Hampshire; a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 1797 
to 1800; and died at Boston, in May, 
1802, aged thirty-nine years. 

Gordon, William F. — He was a 

native of Virginia, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1829 to 1835. He is said to have been 
the originator of the Sub-treasury Sys- 
tem. Died in Albemarle County, July 
2, 1858. 

Gore, CJiristopher.— Born in Bos- 



156 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



ton, Massachusetts, in 1758 ; graduated 
at Harvard College in 1776 ; Governor 
of Massachusetts under the Constitution 
of 1780. He settled in Boston as a law- 
yer, and, in 1789, was appointed Dis- 
trict Attorney for the District of Mas- 
sachusetts, under the new Constitution 
of the United States. In 1796 he was 
appointed a Commissioner under the 
fourth article of Jay's Treaty. This 
appointment obliged him to go to Lon- 
don, where he remained eight years, 
during the last of which he was left 
Charge d' Affaires. He was again cho- 
sen Governor in 1809, but only served 
one term. In 1813 he was chosen a Se- 
nator of the United States, in which 
capacity he served until 1816, when he 
retired to private life. He died March, 
1, 1827, aged sixty-eight. Having no 
children, Mr. Gore left valuable be- 
quests to the American Academy and 
the Historical Society, of which he was 
a member ; and he made Harvard Col- 
lege, of whicli institution he had been a 
Tellow and Trustee, his residuary lega- 
tee. He was for a time the legal tutor 
and adviser of Daniel Webster. 

Oorham, Benjamin, — He was 

born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, 
February 13, 1775, and died in Boston, 
September 27, 1855. He graduated at 
Cambridge 'in 1795, studied law with 
Theophilus Parsons, of Newburyport, 
and rose to eminence at the bar of Bos- 
ton. He was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from the Suffolk District, from 
1820 to 1823, from 1827 to 1831, and 
from 1833 to 1835. He was afterwards, 
for a short time, member of the State 
Legislature, but spent the closing years 
of his life in retirement. 

Gorman, Williain A.- — He was 

born in Kentucky, and,having removed 
to Indiana, was elected a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1849 to 1853. 

Gott, Daniel. — He was born in Con- 
necticut, and on removing to New 
York, was elected a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from 1847 to 1851. 

Gould, Herman D. — He was born 

in Connecticut, and having taken up 

.his residence in New York, was elected 

a Eepresentative in Congress, from that 

State, from 1849 to 1851. 



Gourdin, TJieodore. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1813 to 1815. Died 
January 17, 1826. 

Govan, A. It. — He was born in 
Orangeburg, South Carolina, and was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1822 to 1827. 

Graham, Jaines. — Born in Lin- 
coln County, North Carolina, in Janu- 
ary, 1793. ]3e graduated at the Uni- 
versity of that State in 1814 ; studied 
law, and practised with success for many 
years ; served four years in the State 
Legislature ; and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from 1833 to 1843, and 
from 1845 to 1847. He spent the close 
of his life engaged in agricultural pur- 
suits, and died September 25, 1851. 

G^^aham, James H. — He was 

elected a Eepresentative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Accounts. 

Ch'aha^n, William. — He was born 
in 1783 ; received a limited education; 
was a member of the Convention whicli 
framed the State Constitution of In- 
diana ; served many years in both 
branches of the State Legislature, and 
was Speaker in 1820; and was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Indiana, 
from 1837 to 1839. Died near Valonia, 
Indiana, in 1857. 

Graham, William A. — Was born 
in 18U0, in North Carolina, and repre- 
sented that State in the United States 
Senate two years, viz., from 1841 to 
1843. In August, 1844, he was elected 
Governor of the State, to Avhich office 
he was re-elected in 1846, retiring at 
the expiration of his second term, in 
January, 1849. He was Secretary of 
the Navy under President Fillmore, 
and subsequently, candidate for Vice- 
President on the ticket with General 
Scott. 

Granger, Amos P. — He was born 
in Suffield, Hartford County, Connec- 
ticut, in June, 1789 ; received a common 
school education ; devoted the most of 
his life to farming and merchandizing ; 
and having removed to New York, was 
elected a Eepresentative, from that 
State, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



157 



fifth Congresses, and was a member of 
the Committee on Territories. 

Granffer , JBradley F. — He was 

born in New York, and elected a Re- 
presentative, from Michigan, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. 

Granger y Francis. — He was born 
in Suffield, Hartford County, Connecti- 
cut, in 1787 ; graduated at Yale College 
in 1811 ; and, on removing to New York, 
was for five years, from 1826, a member 
of the General Assembly of that State. 
He was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1835 to 1837, 
and again from 1839 to 1841, when he 
resigned, to receive from President Har- 
rison the appointment of Postmaster- 
General. Since that time he has lived 
in retirement. 

Grant, Abraham P. — He was 

born in New York, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1837 to 1839. 

G^antland, Seaton. — He was born 
in Virginia, and having taken up his 
residence near Milledgeville, in Geor- 
gia, was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 
1839. He was also a Presidential Elec- 
tor. 

Graves, Williani J. — He repre- 
sented the State of Kentucky in Con- 
gress, from 1835 to 1841, and died at 
Louisville, September 27, 1848, aged 
forty-three years. 

Grvay, Fdivard.—^ft was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1799 to 1813. 

Chfay, Hirani. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1837 to 1839. 

Gray, John C. — He was born in 
Southampton County, Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1820 to 1821. 

Grayson, William. — Was a na- 
tive of Virginia, and a member of the 
Continental Congress. In 1788 was a 
member of the Convention of Virginia 
which assembled to consider the Con- 
stitution of the United States, and made 



himself conspicuous both by his talents 
and his union with Henry in opposing 
the adoption of the Constitution. From 
1789 to 1790 he was a Senator of the 
United States, and died at Dumfries, 
while on his way to the seat of Govern- 
ment, March 12, 1790. 

Grayson, William J. — He is a 

native of Beaufort, South Carolina ; 
graduated at the South Carolina Col- 
lege in 1809 ; was bred to the legal pro- 
fession ; was a Commissioner in Equity 
of South Carolina; a member of the State 
Legislature ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from 1833 to 1837; and by 
President Taj'lor he was appointed Col- 
lector of the Customs at Charleston. Of 
late years he has devoted himself to 
planting. In 1856 he published " The 
Hireling and the Slave," " Chicora, 
and other Poems." 

Greeley, Horace. — Was born at 
Amherst, in New Hampshire, February 
3, 1811. Until the age of fourteen, he 
attended a common school in his native 
State. About that time, his parents 
having removed to the State of Ver- 
mont, Horace, who had early shown a 
fondness for reading, especially news- 
papers, and had resolved to be a print- 
er, endeavored to find employment as 
an apprentice in a printing-ofiice in 
Whitehall, but without success. He 
afterwards applied at the office of the 
Northern Spectator, in Pultney, Ver- 
mont, where his services were accepted, 
and where he remained until 1830, when 
the paper was discontinued, and he re- 
turned to work on his father's farm. 
During the following year he arrived in 
the city of New York, where he ob- 
tained work as a journeyman printer, 
and was employed in various offices, 
with occasional intervals, for the next 
eighteen months. In 1834, in connec- 
tion with Jonas Winchester, he started 
The New Yorker, a weekly journal of 
literature and general intelligence, and 
became its editor. After struggling on 
for several years, the journal was aban- 
doned. During its existence, Mr. Gree- 
ley published several political campaign 
papers. The Constitution, The Jeflfer- 
sonian, and The Log Cabin. In 1841 he 
commenced the publication of the New 
York Tribune. In 1848 he was chosen 
to fill a vacancy in the Thirtieth Con- • 
gress, and served through the short term 
preceding President Taylor's inaugu- 



158 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



ration. In 1851 lie visited Europe, 
and was chosen chairman of one of the 
juries at the World's Pair. He gave 
an account of his travels in a series of 
letters to the Tribune, which were af- 
terwards collected into a volume. He 
has also published a collection of his 
addresses, essays, &c., under the title of 
" Hints towards Keforms." 

Green, Syram. — He was born in 

New York; served five years in the As- 
sembly of that State ; and was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1843 to 1845. 

Green, Frederick W. — He was 

born in Maryland, and having removed 
to Ohio, was elected a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 
1855. 

Green, I. L. — He was born in Mas- 
sachusetts ; graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1781 ; was a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, from 
1805 to 1809, and again from 1811 to 
1813. He died in 1841. 

Green, Innis. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1827 to 1831. 

Green, James S. — He was born in 
Eauquier County, Virginia, February 
28, 1817; and in 1836, with no fortune 
but a common English education, he re- 
moved to Alabama, where he remained 
one year, and then took up his residence 
in Missouri, with which State he has 
since been identified. After many strug- 
gles with the world, he was admitted to 
the bar in 1840, and soon thereafter en- 
tered upon a lucrative practice. He 
was a member of the Convention, held 
in 1845, for the revision of the Consti- 
tution of Missouri ; and was elected a 
member of Congress in 1846, serving 
through two terms. He argued a boun- 
dary dispute case in the Supreme Court, 
by appointment of the Governor of Mis- 
souri ; and in 1849 took the stump against 
the late Hon. Thomas H. Benton. In 
1853 President Pierce appointed Mm to 
be Charge d'Affaires, and subsequently 
Minister Kesident at Bogota, !N"ew Gra- 
nada. He was again elected a member 
of Congress in 1856, but before taking 
his seat he was chosen by the Legisla- 
ture to represent the State of Missouri 
in the Senate of the United States. 



During the first session of the Thirty- 
fifth Congress he was a member of the 
Committees on the Judiciary, and on 
Territories, and at the commencement 
of the second session of that Congress, 
he was chosen Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Territories. 

G^'een, Willis. — He was born in 
Kentucky, and was a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 
1845. 

Ch^eene, Albert C — -He was born 
in East Greenwich, Khode Island, in 
1792; read law in New York, where he 
was admitted to the bar ; returned to his 
native State, and there commenced the 
practice of his profession; in 1815 he 
was elected to the General Assembly of 
the State; in 1816 was elected a Briga- 
dier-General of militia, and subsequent- 
ly became a Major-General ; from 1822 
to 1825he served again in the Legislature 
of the State, and was chosen Speaker ; 
from 1825 to 1843 he was Attorney-Ge- 
neral of the State ; from 1845 to 1851 
he was a Senator in Congress, from 
Khode Island ; and having again served 
a term in each of the two Houses of the 
State Legislature, he retired from public 
life in 1857. Died at Providence, Ja- 
nuary 8, 1863. 

Greene, Hay. — He graduated at 
Yale College in 1784 ; and was a Senator 
in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 
1797 to 1801, when he resigned. 

Gi^eene, Thomas M. — He was a 

Delegate to Congress, from the Terri- 
tory of Mississippi, from 1802 to 1808. 

Greenup, Christopher. — He was 

Governor of Kentucky from 1804 to 
1808 ; was a patriot of the American Ke- 
volution, and participated in the perils 
of the war. He was at various times a 
member of the Legislature of Kentucky, 
and a Kepresentative of that State in 
Congress, from 1792 to 1797. He was 
a man of great usefulness in his native 
State, and died at Prankfort, Kentucky, 
April 24, 1818. 

Greentvood, A. JS. — Born in 
Franklin County, Georgia, July 11, 
1811 ; graduated at the Athens Univer- 
sity, Georgia ; is a lawyer by profession ; 
and was a member of the Legislature of 
the State of Arkansas from 1842 to 1845. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



159 



He was Prosecuting Attorney for said 
State from 1845 to 1851 ; Circuit Judge 
from 1851 to 1853; and elected a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress from 1853 to 1858, 
serving a portion of the time as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Indian Affairs. 
In 1859 he was appointed, by President 
Buchanan, Commissioner of Indian Af- 
fairs. 

Gregg, Andrew. — Born in Car- 
lisle, Pennsylvania, June 10, 1755; he 
received a good classical education, and 
for several years was tutor in the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania. In 1783 he 
opened a country store in Middletown. 
Dauphin County, whence he removed, 
in 1789, to a wilderness valley, where 
he commenced agricultural pursuits. 
In 1790 he was elected a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from Pennsylvania, serving 
from 1791 to 1807, and a Senator of the 
United States from 1807 to 1813, serving 
for a time as President p7^o tern, of the 
Senate. In 1814 he removed to Belle- 
fonte, and in 1816 he was appointed Se- 
cretary of State of Pennsylvania. He 
was remarkable for a sound and dis- 
criminating mind, agreeable and digni- 
fied manners, and performed his duties 
with talent and integrity. He died at 
Bellefonte, May 20, f835. 

Gregg, tfanies M. — Born in Pa- 
trick County, Virginia, June 26, 1806. 
He received only a common school edu- 
cation, and was bred a practical farmer, 
but studied the profession of law ; and 
in 1830 he settled in Hendrick County, 
Indiana. From 1834 to 1837 he was 
County Surveyor, and then chosen Clerk 
of the Circuit Court, serving till 1845. 
He \*as elected a Eepresentative of the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Public Ex- 
penditures. 

Gregory, Dudley S. — He was 

born in Connecticut ; was at one time 
engaged in the iron business among the 
Adirondack Mountains of New York, 
and having settled in New Jersey, was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1847 to 1849. 

Greig, John. — Born in Dumfries- 
shire, Scotland, August 6, 1779; edu- 
cated at the Edinburgh High School ; 
emigrated to America in 1797; settled 
in Canandaigua, New York ; studied 
law, and came to the bar in 1804 : prac- 



tised his profession until 1820, when he 
became President of the Ontario Bank, 
which he held until 1856 ; he was for 
many years a Regent of the New York 
University, and also a Vice-Chancellor ; 
was long the active head of an Agricul- 
tural Society, and was one of the foun- 
ders and corporators of the Ontario 
Female Seminary. His service in Con- 
gress was for the term commencing in 
1841, but he resigned at the close of the 
first session. Died at Canandaigua, 
April 9, 1858. 

Grennell, George. — Born in Green- 
field, Franklin County, Massachusetts, 
December 25, 1786; graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in 1808 ; studied law, 
and came to the bar in 1811 ; was Pro- 
secuting Attorney for Franklin County 
from 1820 to 1828 ; was a member of 
the State Senate from 1824 to 1827 ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1829 to 1839. He 
was for many years a member of the 
Board of Trustees of Amherst College, 
and in 1854 the degree of LL. D. was 
conferred upon him by that institution. 
From 1849 to 1853, he was Probate 
Judge for his county, and subsequently 
settled down as Clerk of the Franklin 
County Court. He was the first man 
who proposed and advocated on the 
floor of Congress the recognition of 
Hayti. 

Grey, Benjamin E. — He was 

born in Kentucky, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1851 to 1855. 

Grider, Henrg. — Was born in 
Garrard County, Kentucky, July 16, 
1796 ; received a good desultory educa- 
tion at Bowling Green, and elsewhere ; 
studied law, and while engaged in prac- 
tice, also devoted some attention to 
farming. He rendered his first public 
service as a private in the army, during 
the last war with England, having 
served with Shelby in his campaign to 
Canada ; in 1827 and 1831 he was elected 
to the Legislature of Kentucky, and in 
1833 to the State Senate, where he 
served four years. He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Kentucky, 
from 1848 to 1847, and was also re- 
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
serving on the Committees on Revolu- 
tionary Claims, and on Mileage. Re- 
elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress ; 



160 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



was a mem'ber of the Committee on 
the Territories. 

G^^iffin, Isaac. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1813 to 1817. 

CrViffivi, JTohn K, — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1831 to 1841, and died at 
Milton, South Carolina, August 1, 1841. 

Ch^iffin, Samuel. — He was a Ee- 

presentativein Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1789 to 1795. 

Grifjin, Thomas. — He was a Ee- 

presentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1803 to 1805. 

Grimes, James IF. — He was born 
in Deering, Hillsborough County, New 
Hampshire, October 16, 1816, and com- 
menced his education at Hampton Aca- 
demy, and graduated at Dartmouth 
College in 1836. Soon after that time 
he emigrated to the West, and in 1838 
was elected to the first General Assem- 
bly of the Territoi'y of Iowa, to which 
he was frequently re-elected. He was 
Grovernor of the State of Iowa from 
1854 to 1858, and in 1859 he was elected 
a Senator in Congress, from that State, 
for six years, serving as Chairman of 
the Committee on the District of Co- 
lumbia. He was also a Delegate to the 
Peace Congress of 1861. 

Grinnellf Joseph. — He was born 

in New Bedford, Massachusetts, No- 
vember 17, 1788. His early education 
was received at private schools, and 
was moulded in view of a mercantile 
life ; he commenced business in New 
York as a commission merchant in 
1809, and continued there until 1829, 
for five years being connected with 
John H. Howland, eleven years with 
Preserved Fish, and four years with his 
brothers, Moses H. and Henry Grin- 
nell ; in 1829 he retired from the New 
York concern, and visited Europe ; on 
his return, he settled in his native place, 
devoting himself to commerce gene- 
rally, and especially to the whale fish- 
ery. Among the laborious positions 
which he has long held in New Bed- 
ford, are those of President of the Ma- 
rine Bank, of the New Bedford and 
Taunton Eailroad, and of the Wam- 



sutta Cotton-mill. In 1839, 1840, and 
1841, he was a member of the Go- 
vernor's Council of Massachusetts ; he 
was elected a Eepresentative to Con- 
gress in 1848, and was three times re- 
elected, serving on the Post-office and 
Commerce Committees, and originating 
the idea of a reduction of postage and 
the establishment of life-boats. Indeed, 
so great was Mr. Grinnell's influence 
on the floor of Congress, as every mea- 
sure he proposed seemed to succeed, he 
was playfully designated by his friends 
as one of the most dangerous men in 
the House. 

Grinnell, Josiah B. — He was 

born in New Haven, Vermont, Decem- 
ber 22, 1821 ; received a collegiate and 
theological education ; went to Iowa in 
1855, and turned his attention to farm- 
ing, having been the most extensive 
wool-grower in the State, to which he 
has devoted special attention ; was a 
member of the State Senate for four 
years ; a special agent for the General 
Post-office for two years ; and was 
elected a Eepresentative, from Iowa, to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Post-offices and Post- 
roads. 

Gi^innell, Moses H. — Born in 
New Bedford, Massachusetts, March 3, 
1803 ; was educated at private schools 
and at Friends' Academy ; was bred a 
merchant, and frequently went abroad 
as supercargo ; and he was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from New York, from 
1839 to 1841. Moses H., Henry Grin- 
nell, and Eobert B. Minturn, were the 
gentlemen composing the distinguished 
firm of Grinnell, Minturn & Co., the 
house taking that title in 1829, though 
in reality founded many years before 
by Joseph Grinnell and PreservedFish. 

Griswold, Gaylord. — He gradu^ 
ated at Yale College in 1787; was a 
member of the New York Assembly, 
from 1796 to 1798; and a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from New York, from 
1803 to 1805; and died in 1809. 

Grisivold, John A. — He was born 
in Eensselaer County, New York, 
about the year 1822 ; was educated for 
the mercantile profession ; settled him- 
self in the iron trade, to which, in con- 
nection with banking, he has ever been 
devoted. He served one term as Mayor 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



161 



of the City of Troy, and in 1862 he was 
elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Naval 
Affairs. 

Griswold, Roger. — Born in Lyme, 
Connecticut, May 21, 1762 ; graduated 
at Yale College in 1780, and studied 
law. From 1795 to 1805 he was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Con- 
necticut. In 1801 he declined the ap- 
pointment of Secretary of War, offered 
him by President Adams, a few days 
previous to the accession of President 
Jefferson. In 1807 he was chosen a 
Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
State ; was Lieutenant-Governor from 
1809 to 1811, and then elected Governor; 
while holding that office, he refused to 
place four companies under General 
Dearborn, at the requisition of the Presi- 
dent, for garrison purposes, deeming 
the requisition unconstitutional, as they 
were not wanted to "repel invasion," 
&c. He died in 1812. 

Griswold, Stanley. — Born in Tor- 
ringford, Connecticut, November, 1768 ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1786 ; and 
was a clergyman, In 1804 he became 
the editor of a Democratic paper in 
Walpole, New Hampshire, but soon 
after was appointed, by President Jef- 
ferson, Secretary of the Territory of 
Michigan. He was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, in 1809 ; and United 
States Judge for the Northwestern Ter- 
ritory. He died at Shawneetown, Illi- 
nois, August 21, 1814. 

Oroesheck, Williain S. — He was 

born in New York about the year 1826 ; 
studied law and removed to Cincinnati, 
where he engaged in the practice of his 
profession ; in 1852 he was a member 
of the Commission appointed to codify 
the laws of Ohio ; was a member in 
1851 of the State Constitutional Conven- 
tion ; was elected a Representative, from 
Ohio, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serv- 
ing on the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs ; was a member of the Peace 
Congress of 1861, and in 1862 was 
elected to the Senate of Ohio. 

Gross, Ezra C. — He was born in 
"Windsor County, Vermont ; graduated 
at the University of Vermont in 1806 ; 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1819 to 1821 ; and was 



elected to the Assembly of that State in 
1828 and 1829, but died before the close 
of his second term. 

Gross, Samuel. — He was a native 
of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1819 to 1823. 

Grosvenor, Thomas _P. — Born 
in Pomfret, Connecticut, in 1780, and 
died April 25, 1817. He graduated at 
Yale College in 1800 ; and, after study- 
ing law, removed to New York ; served 
a number of years in the Legislature of 
that State, and was elected to Congress 
as a Representative, serving from 1813 
to 1817. 

Grout, tfonatlian. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, from 1789 "to 1791. He was 
also a State Representative in 1781 and 
1784, and a State Senator in 1787 and 
1788. 

Grove, William B. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from North 
Carolina, from 1791 to 1803. 

Grover, Lafayette. — Was born in 
Bethel, Oxford County, Maine ; gra- 
duated at Bowdoin College ; studied 
law in Philadelphia, where he was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1850; and soon 
afterwards took up his residence in 
Salem, Oregon Territory. In 1851 he 
was elected Prosecuting Attorney for 
the Territory; in 1852 Auditor of Pub- 
lic Accounts ; served three years in the 
Territorial Legislature ; saw some ser- 
vice in the Indian wars of Oregon; was 
a Commissioner in 1854 to adjust the 
claims of citizens of Oregon against the 
United States; he was appointed in 1856 
one of the Commissioners to investigate 
the Indian war claims against the Gene- 
ral Government; and, having been an 
active member of the Convention of 
1857 to form a State Constitution, he 
was subsequently elected the first Re- 
presentative in Congress from the pro- 
spective State, and took his seat as such 
in February, 1859. 

Grover, Martin. — He was a native 
of New York, and a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 
1847. 

Grow, Galusha ^.— Born in Ash- 



162 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



ford, "Windham County, Connecticut, 
August 31, 1823 ; was educated at Am- 
herst College, graduating in 1844 ; 
adopted the law as a profession, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1847 ; and 
having settled among the mountains of 
Pennsylvania, and his health, in 1850, 
being delicate, he amused himself by 
surveying wild lands and rafting ; and 
in 1850 he was elected a Eepresentative 
in Congress, where he served as a mem- 
ber of the Committees onTerritories and 
Public Printing. When Mr. Banks was. 
Speaker of the House of Representatives, 
Mr. Grrow was Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Territories ; and, during one of 
the recesses of Congress, he visited Eu- 
rope. He was re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of 
the Committee on Territories. Re-elect- 
ed to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and 
was chosen Speaker of the House of Re- 
presentatives. He was also a Delegate 
to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. 

Chmndy, Felix. — Born in Vir- 
ginia, September 11, 1770; he removed 
with his father to Kentucky, and was 
educated at Bardstown Academy ; stu- 
died law, and soon became distinguished 
at the bar. He commenced his public 
career at the age of twenty-two, as a 
member of the Convention for revising 
the Constitution of Kentucky; was 
afterward', for six or seven years, a 
member ot the Legislature of that State. 
In 1806 he was elected one of the Judges 
of the Supreme Court of Kentucky, and 
was soon after Chief Justice. In 1807 
he removed to Nashville, Tennessee, 
and became eminent as a lawyer. Prom 
1811 to 1814 he was a Representative in 
Congress, from Tennessee, and during 
several years after was a member of the 
Legislature of that State. Prom 1829 
to 1838 he was United States Senator, 
and iia the latter year was appointed, by 
President Van Buren, Attorney-Gene- 
ral of the United States ; in 1840 he 
resigned this position, and was again 
elected Senator. He died at Nashville, 
Tennessee, December 19, 1840. 

Chinn. ifaines. — He was a Senator 
of the United States, from Georgia, 
from 1789 to 1801, and died in Louis- 
ville, in that State, July 30, 1801. 



Gurley, Henry H, — He was born 
in Lebanon, Connecticut, in 1787 ; 



was 



educated at Williamstown College ; 
studied law, and settled at an early day 
in Loviisiana ; and he was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1823 to 1831. He previously held the 
office of United States Judge of the 
District Court of Louisiana, and died 
in 1832. 

Gurley, John A. — Born in East 
Hartford, Connecticut, December 9, 
1813; received an academic education; 
studied for the ministry, and was set- 
tled as a preacher at Methuen, Massa- 
chusetts, from 1834 to 1837, when he 
removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he 
published a paper, called the Star of 
the West, for fifteen years. In 1858 he 
was elected a Representative, from Ohio, 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, officiating 
as Chairman of the Committee on Print- 
ing. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving on the Committees 
on Commerce and on Roads and Canals. 
Died at Cincinnati, August 19, 1863, 
while holding the office of Governor of 
Arizona, conferred upon hina by Presi- 
dent Lincoln. 

GllStine, Ainos. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1841 to 1843, and died in 
Lost Creek Valley, Pennsylvania, 
March 3, 1844. 

Gtiyon, James. — He was born in 

Richmond County, New York, in 1777 ; 
represented Staten Island, in the Legis- 
lature of New York, a number of years, 
and was a member of Congress, from 
1819 to 1821. He died on Staten Island, 
March 8, 1846. 

Givin, William M. — Born in 

Sumner County, Tennessee, October 9, 
1805 ; graduated at Transylvania Uni- 
versity, Lexington, Kentucky, and stu- 
died medicine as a profession ; he was 
appointed United States Marshal for 
Mississippi ; and elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, serv- 
ing from 1841 to 1843. He was Com- 
missioner of Public Buildings to super- 
intend the erection of the New Orleans 
Custom-house ; a member of the Con- 
vention for framing the Constitution of 
California, and was one of the first 
United States Senators from that State, 
having been elected, in 1850, for six 
years, and re-elected in 1856, for the 
term which expired in 1861. He was 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



163 



Chairman of the Committee on the 
Pacific Railroad, and a member of the 
Committees on Finance and on Post- 
ofiices and Post-roads. 

Habershavt, Richard W. — He 

was born in Savannah, Georgia, in 
1786, and was educated at Nassau Hall, 
New Jersey, where he graduated iri 
1805. He distinguished himself as a 
lawyer, and occupied many stations of 
trust in his native State, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1839 to 
1843, where he commanded great re- 
spect for his political integrity and gen- 
tlemanly character. He died in Haber- 
sham County, Georgia, December 2, 
1844. 

Sacket, Thorn as C. — He was born 
in Georgia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1851, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Indian Affairs. Died at Ma- 
rietta, Georgia, October 8, 1851. 

HacTiley, Aaron. — Born in New 
Haven, Connecticut, and was a member 
of the New York Legislature in 1814, 
1815, and 1818, and a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 
1821. 

Hahn, John, — He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1815 to 1817. 

Mahn^ 3Iivhael. — Born in Bava- 
ria, in November, 1830 ; was brought 
to the United States when a child, and 
settled in Louisiana ; received a public 
school education in New Orleans, and 
received the degree of LL.B. in the 
University of Louisiana ; adopted the 
profession of law ; and in 1862 was 
chosen a Representative to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, he and B. P. Flan- 
ders having been elected during the 
military rule in Louisiana. He took 
his seat at the close of the session. 

Haight, Edward. — Born in New 

York City, March 26, 1817 ; was edu- 
cated at a private school ; entered a 
counting-house, and turned his whole 
attention to mercantile pursuits ; became 
a Director in the National Bank of New 
York, and subsequently Vice-President 
of the Bank of the Commonwealth, and 
finally President, which position he still 
occupies. Besides acting as a Director 



in six or seven banks and insurance 
companies, he has frequently served as 
an oflUcer in various benevolent institu- 
tions. In 1860 he was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from New York, to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Manufactures. 

Haile, William. — He was born in 
1797, and died at Woodville, Missis- 
sippi, March 7, 1837. He was a mem- 
ber of Congress, from Mississippi, from 
1826 to 1828. 

Hale, Artenias. — Born in Win- 
chendon, Worcester County, Massachu- 
setts, October 20, 1783, and pursued the 
occupation of a farmer until twenty- 
one years of age, having received only 
a common school education. He was a 
teacher in Hingham for ten years, and 
then removed to Bridgewater, where he 
engaged in manufacturing. He was a 
Representative in the Legislature for 
several years, and a State Senator in 

1833 and 1834. In 1853 he was a mem- 
ber of the State Constitutional Conven- 
tion, and a Representative in Congress, 
from 1845 to 1849. 

Hale, tfames T. — He was born in 
Bradford County, Pennsylvania, in Oc- 
tober, 1810; received a common school 
education ; studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1832 ; in 1851 he 
was appointed President Judge in the 
Twentieth Judicial District of Pennsyl- 
vania, and in 1858 was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Pennsylvania, to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Claims. 
Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, serving on the Committees on 
Claims and on Roads and Canals. Re- 
elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
and was Ohairman of the Committee on 
Claims. 

Hale, John P. — Born in Roches- 
ter, Stafford County, New Hampshire, 
March 31, 1806. After preparing him- 
self at Exeter Academy, he entered 
Bowdoin College, and graduated in 
1827. He studied law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1830; in 1832 he was 
elected to the State Legislature; in 

1834 he was appointed, by President 
Jackson, District Attorney for New 
Hampshire, and reappointed by Presi- 
dent Van Buren; in 1843 he was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress ; in 



164 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



1846 he was again elected to the State 
Legislature and chosen Speaker ; in 

1847 he was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress, and after serving until 1853, de- 
voted himself for two years to his pro- 
fession, and was re-elected in 1855 to 
the United States Senate, and in 1859 
was re-elected for the term ending in 
1865, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Naval Affairs, and member 
of that on Post-offices and Post-roads. 
In 1852 he was the Free-soil candidate 
for Vice-President of the United States. 

Hale, Salma. — He was a Pvepresen- 
tative in Congress, from New Hamp- 
shire, from 1817 to 1819, and a member 
of the State Legislature in 1823, 1824, 
and 1845, serving in both Houses. 

Hale, William. — He was one of 
the most influential men of New Hamp- 
shire, and a member of Congress, from 
1809 to 1811, and again from 1818 to 
1817. Died at Dover, November 8, 
1848, aged eighty-four years. 

Haley, Elisha. — He was born in 
Connecticut, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1835 
to 1889. 

Hall, Augustus. — He was born in 
New York, and elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Iowa, to the Thirty- 
fourth Congress. 

Hall, Boiling, — He was a member 
of Congress, from Georgia, from 1811 
to 1817; died near Montgomery, Ala- 
bama, March 25, 1836, aged sixty -seven 
years. 

Hall, CJiapin. — Born in Ellicott, 
Chautauque County, New York, July 
12, 1816; received a good English edu- 
cation ; has devoted his life to mercan- 
tile pursuits in connection with lumber- 
ing ; and was elected a Representative, 
from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Invalid Pensions. 

Hall, George. — He was born in 
New Haven, Connecticut; was a mem- 
ber of the Assembly of New York in 
1816, and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1819 to 1821. 

Hall, Hiland. — He was born in 
Bennington, Vermont, July 20, 1795. 



He spent his boyhood on his father's 
farm, receiving, as he could, a good 
English education ; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1819; in 
1827 he was elected to the State Legis- 
lature, and afterwards, for several 
years, was State's Attorney ; and he 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Vermont, from 1883 to 1843, officiating 
for several sessions as Chairman of the 
Committee on Revolutionary Claims. 
He was also Bank Commissioner for 
Vermont, from 1843 to 1846 ; four years 
Judge of the Supreme Court; in 1850 
Second Comptroller of the Treasury ; 
and in 1851 was appointed, by President 
Fillmore, Land Commissioner for Cali- 
fornia, where he remained until 1854. 
He is now residing on the farm where 
he was born, and was elected Governor 
of Vermont in 1858 ; and served as a 
Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. 

Hall, Joseph. — He was born in 
Essex County, Massachusetts, June 26, 
1793 ; received a limited education ; 
after leaving Andover Academy, went 
to Maine, and was a clerk in a store 
until twenty-one years of age ; served 
as a Lieutenant of militia in 1813-14; 
from 1817 until 1819 was engaged in 
mercantile pursuits ; was Sheriff of two 
counties for twelve years ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Maine, 
from 1833 to 1837, having been the first 
Northern man who voted against re- 
ceiving slavery petitions. Before enter- 
ing Congress he was for four years 
Postmaster of Camden, Maine; and, by 
President Polk, was appointed Navy 
Agent of Boston in 1849. He has since 
been connected with the Boston Custom- 
house. 

Hall, Lawrence W. — He was 

born in Lake County, Ohio, in 1819 ; 
was educated in that State; graduated 
at Hudson in 1839 ; was admitted to 
the bar in 1843 ; practised his profession 
until 1851, when he was elected Judge 
of the Court of Common Pleas, which 
position he held until 1856, when he was 
elected a Representative, from Ohio, to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committees on Agricul- 
ture, and on Public Buildings and 
Grounds. During the troubles of 1862 
he was imprisoned for alleged disloyalty, 
and died soon after his release, in Ohio, 
January 26, 1863. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



165 



Hall, Nathan K.—V>orn March 28, 
1810, at Marcellus, Onondaga County, 
New York. He read law in the office 
of Mr. (afterwards President) Fillmore, 
and became his partner in the practice 
of their profession, at Buffalo, Erie 
County, New York, in 1832. He has 
held ditferent administrative and judi- 
cial offices in his native State, served as 
a member of the State Legislature, and 
was a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
1847 to 1849. On Mr. Fillmore's acces- 
sion to the Presidency, in July, 1850, 
he was appointed to the office of Post- 
master-Grcneral. 

Hall, Obed. — He was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from New Hampshire, 
from 1811 to 1813. 

Hall, Hohert JB. — Born in Boston, 
Massachusetts, January 28, 1812 ; was 
educated for the ministry ; was a member 
of the Massachusetts Senate in 1855; was 
elected a Representative to the Thirty- 
fourth Congress in that year, and was 
re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress 
in 1857, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Eevolutionary Pensions. 

Hall, Thomas JT.— Born in Edge- 
combe County, North Carolina, in 1773; 
was educated for the medical profession ; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1817 to 1825, and again from 1827 
to 1835. In 1836 he served as a member 
of the State Senate, and voted against 
the reception of any of the surplus reve- 
nue of the United States Treasury by 
the State of North Carolina. He died 
in Tarborough, June 30, 1853. 

Hall, Willard. — He was born in 
Westford, Massachusetts, December 24, 
1780; graduated at Harvard College in 
1799 ; he studied law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1803 ; he removed to Dela- 
ware and practised his profession there; 
in 1811 he was elected Secretary of State 
in Delaware, and held that office three 
years ; he was elected a Representative 
in Congress in 1816, and re-elected in 
1818 ; he was again Secretary of State 
in 1821 ; in 1822 was elected to the Le- 
gislature ; and in 1823 was appointed by 
President Monroe District Judge of the 
United States for Delaware ; in 1829 he 
revised the State Laws of Delaware, and 
in 1831 he was a member of the State 
Constitutional Convention. 



Hall, Willard P. — He was born in 
Virginia, and on taking up his residence 
in Missouri, was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1847 to 1853. 

Hall, William. — He was born in 
1774, and died in Sumner County, Ten- 
nessee, in October, 1856. He was a Ge- 
neral of Militia, and a Representative 
in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1831 
to 1833. 

Hall, Williani A. — He was born 

in Maine ; taken to Virginia in early 
childhood ; and emigrated to Missouri 
in 1841. In 1844 he was a Presidential 
Elector; in 1847 was appointed a Judge 
of the Circuit Court ; was a member of 
the Missouri Convention of 1861 ; was 
elected a Representative, from Missouri, 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, in the 
place of J. B. Clark, expelled ; and in 
1863 was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committees on 
Roads and Canals, and Expenditures in 
the Post-office Department. He was 
also a Delegate to the Chicago Conven- 
tion of 1864. 

Hallock, (ToJm, Jr. — He was born 
in Orange County, New York, and was 
a member of the Assembly of New 
York State, from Orange County, in 
1816 and 1817, and from 1820 to 1821 ; 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
1825 to 1829. 

Halloivay , David P. — Born in 
Waynesville, Warren County, Ohio, 
December 6, 1809, but removed with his 
parents to Cincinnati in 1813. In 1823 
he went to Richmond, Indiana, and 
learned the printing business, and sub- 
sequently served four years in the office 
of the Cincinnati Gazette. He com- 
menced the publication of the Richmond 
Palladium in 1832, and is still the editor. 
In 1843 he was elected to the lower 
branch of the State Legislature of In- 
diana, and in 1844 to the State Senate, 
serving nine years. In 1855 he was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
and was Chairman of the Committee on 
Agriculture during that term. He was 
eight years President of the Agricul- 
tural Society of Wayne County. In 
1861 he was appointed by President Lin- 
coln Commissioner of Patents. 

Halloway, Ransom. — A Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from the Eighth 



166 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Congressional District of New York, 
from 1849 to 1851. He died in Mount 
Pleasant, Prince George County, Mary- 
land, April 6, 1851. 

Halsey .Jehiel II.—B.e was a mem- 
ber of the New York Senate from 1832 
to 1835, having previously been a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1829 to 1831. 

Halsey, Wicoll.—B,e was a member 
of the New York Assembly, from 
Tompkins County, in 1824, and a Pve- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1833 to 1835. 

Halsey, Silas.— B.e was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1805 to 1807, and having previously 
been in the Assenably of that State for 
several years, was subsequently, for one 
year, a member of the State Senate. 

Halsted, William. — He was born 
in New Jersey, and was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1887 to 183^9, and again from 1841 to 
1843. He was a candidate for elec- 
tion to the Twenty-sixth Congress, and 
although he came with the broad seal 
of his State, he was not admitted. 

Hamer, Thomas L. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1833 to 1839, and died at Monterey, 
Mexico, while serving in the war, De- 
cember 3, 1846. 

Hamilton, Andrew J. — Born in 
Madison County, Alabama, January 28, 
1815; received a good common school 
education, spending his earlier years on 
his father's farm. He held for some 
years the position of Clerk of the Cir- 
cuit Court, and did business as a mer- 
chant ; he subsequently studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar ; in 1846 he re- 
moved to Texas, and devoted himself to 
his profession. In that State he has 
held the office of Attorney-General ; 
served frequently in the Legislature ; in 
1856 was a Presidential Elector ; and 
was elected a Representative from Texas 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress. In 1862 
he was appointed by President Lincoln 
Military Governor of Texas. 

Hamilton, James. — Born *in 
Charleston, South Carolina, in 1789 ; 



was liberally educated ; and adopted the 
law as a profession. In 1812 he served 
with distinction on the Canadian fron- 
tier ; was for several years Mayor of 
Charleston ; in 1823 was elected to the 
State Legislature ; and from that posi- 
tion was transferred to the National 
House of Representatives, where he re- 
mained until 1829. He was subsequently 
chosen Governor of South Carolina, and, 
becoming interested in the Republic of 
Texas, helped to promote her indepen- 
dence, and went to Europe as Minister 
Plenipotentiary from that Republic. 
He did much to promote the interests of 
his native city and State, and was one 
of the founders of the Southern Quar- 
terly Review, and also of the Bank of 
Charleston. At the time of his death 
he was a Senator elect in Congress, but 
was drowned on his passage to Texas, 
November 15, 1857, by a collision be- 
tween the steamers Galveston and Ope- 
lousas, having been a passenger on board 
the latter steamer. 

Hamilton, John. — He was at one 

time High Sheriff of Washington Coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania, and a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1805 
to 1807. He died at home, August 31, 
1837. 

Hamilton, William T. — He was 

born in Maryland, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1849 to 1855. 

Hatnlin, Edward S. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1844 to 1845. 

Hamlin, Hannibal. — Born in 
Paris, Oxford County, Maine, August 
27, 1809 ; prepared himself for a colle- 
giate education, but, owing to his fa- 
ther's death, was obliged to take charge 
of his farm, where he remained until he 
was of age ; he then spent a year in a 
printing-office as a compositor ; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1833, and continued in active practice 
until 1848 ; was a member of the Maine 
Legislature from 1836 to 1840; and 
Speaker of the House in 1837, 1839, and 
1840 ; was elected a Representative to 
the 'Twenty-eighth Congress, and re- 
elected to the Twenty-ninth Congress ; 
was again a member of the House of 
Representatives in the State Legislature 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



167 



in 1847 ; and elected to the United 
States Senate, May 26, 1848, for four 
years, to fill a vacancy occasioned by 
the decease of John Fairfield. He was 
re-elected for six years in 1851, and 
elected Governor of Maine, January 7, 
1857, resigning his seat in the Senate 
and being inaugurated Governor the 
same day. On the sixteenth of the 
same month, was re-elected United 
States Senator for six years, and resigned 
the office of Governor, February 20, 
1857. He has served as a member of 
the Committees on Commerce, and on 
the District of Columbia. In 1860 he 
was nominated by the Republican Party 
as their candidate for the office of Vice- 
President, and was elected. 

Hani^net, William J. — ^He was 

born in Virginia ; studied divinity ; 
was Chaplain of the University of Vir- 
ginia when he finished his education; 
was at one time Chaplain of Congress ; 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
Mississippi, from 1843 to 1845. 

Haniniond, Edward. — He was 

born in Maryland, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1849 to 1853. 

Hanitnond, Jahez T>. — He was a 

lawyer and popular political writer of 
New York ; did not receive a collegiate 
education, but Union College conferred 
on him the degree of A. M. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1815 to 1817, and on the 
expiration of his term, he was elected 
to the State Senate, of which he was a 
member until 1821. He visited Europe, 
in 1830, to restore his health. He was 
elected County Judge in 1838, and about 
that time commenced his "Political 
History of the State of New York. " In 
1845 he was elected to succeed Mr. Van 
Buren as a Regent of the University of 
New York, and held the office until his 
death. After his return from Europe, 
having withdrawn in a great measure 
from public and professional life, he de- 
voted himself to literary pursuits, and 
published works entitled "Julius Mel- 
bourn," " The Political History of New 
York," and the "Life and Times of 
Silas Wright." He died August 18, 
1855, in Cherry Valley, New York, his 
place of residence. 

Hamfnondj James H. — Born in 



Newbury District, South Carolina, No- 
vember 15, 1807 ; graduated at the State 
College, Columbia, in 1827 ; practised 
law from 1828 to 1830 ; was editor of 
the Southern Times ; served his native 
State in Congress, from 1835 to 1837 ; 
after which he visited Europe for his 
health. In 1841 he was appointed a 
General of militia ; and in 1842 elected 
Governor of South Carolina. After 
spending about fifteen years in the quiet 
enjoyment of his plantation, on the 
Savannah River, devoting himself to 
agricultural and literary pursuits, he 
was, in November, 1857, elected to the 
United States Senate, but resigned in 
December, 1860. 

Hammond, Mobert H. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1837 to 1841. Died June 2, 
1847. 

Hattimond, Satnuel. — Born in 
Richmond County, Virginia, September 
21, 1757 ; received as good an education 
as the country afl'orded at the time ; 
when quite young he volunteered in an 
expedition against the Indians under 
Governor Dunmore, and acquired dis- 
tinction at the battle of the Kanawha ; 
when the Revolution broke out he dis- 
played great bravery and ability at the 
battle of Long Bridge, at the siege of 
Savannah, where he was made Assistant 
Quartermaster ; at the battle of Black 
Stocks, where he had three horses shot 
from under him, and was wounded ; he 
was a member of the Council of Capitu- 
lation at Charleston ; was at the battle 
of King's Mountain ; he was also at the 
siege of Augusta; at the battle of Cow- 
pens ; the battle of Eutaw, where he 
was again badly wounded ; and also at 
many others. After the war he settled 
at Savannah, and held many positions 
of trust and honor ; in 1793 he headed 
a volunteer corps, and did good service 
in the Creek country ; served a number 
of years in the Georgia Legislature ; 
was one of the early Governors of the 
State ; and he was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 
1805. He was also appointed, by Pre- 
sident Jeflferson, Military and Civil 
Commandant of Upper Louisiana ; and 
Receiver of Public Money in Missouri. 
He was also President of the Bank of 
St. Louis. In 1824 he returned to 
South Carolina, and was elected to the 



168 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Legislature of that State ; was appointed 
Surveyor-General ; and in 1831 Secre- 
tary of State. He retired from public 
life in 1835, and died September 11, 
1842, leaving behind a brilliant reputa- 
tion, both as a patriot and a man. 

HantfnonSf David. — He was born 
in Oxford County, Maine, in 1807; 
received a limited education; studied 
law and commenced the practice in 
Lovell, Oxford County, in 1836 ; was a 
member of the Senate of Maine in 1840 
and 1841 ; and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Maine, from 1847 to 
1849. Now living in Bethel, Maine, 
devoted to his profession. 

Hammons, tToseph. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
Hampshire, from 1829 to 1833 ; and 
died at Farmington, in that State, April, 
1836. 

Hampton, blames O. — He was 

born in New Jersey ; graduated at 
Princeton College in 1835 ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from his 
native State, from 1845 to 1849. 

Hainpton, Moses. — Born in Bea- 
ver County, Pennsylvania, October 28, 
1803, but removed, with his father, to 
Trumbull County, Ohio, so that his op- 
portunities for even a common school 
education were limited; he, however, 
by his own exertions, obtained a classi- 
cal education, and graduated at Wash- 
ington College, Pennsylvania. He stu- 
died law at Uniontown, and was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1829, and commenced 
to practise in Somerset, Pennsylvania, 
where he remained until 1838, and then 
went to Pittsburg, and pursued the prac- 
tice of his profession. From 1847 to 
1851, he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, and declined a re-election. In 
1853, he was elected President Judge of 
the District Court for Alleghany Coun- 
ty, and still holds that office. 

Hampton, Wade. — He was born 
in South Carolina in 1755 ; he took an 
active part in the war of the Revolu- 
tion ; commanded a brigade in 1812 on 
the Northern frontier; he spent the 
larger part of his life engaged in agri- 
cultural pursuits, by which he amassed 
a very large fortune, having been called 
the richest planter in the United States ; 



and he died at Columbia, South Caro- 
lina, February 4, 1834. 

Hanchett, Luther. — Was born in 
Portage County, Ohio, October 25, 1825; 
received a good education at Fremont ; 
studied law and commenced the prac- 
tice when twenty-one years of age ; 
emigrated to Wisconsin in 1849 ; spent 
some time engaged in the lead and lum- 
bering business ; was four years District 
Attorney for Portage County, in his 
adopted State ; from 1856 to 1860 was a 
member of the Wisconsin Senate ; and 
in 1860 he was elected a Representative, 
from Wisconsin, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving on the Committees 
on Public Expenditures, and Private 
Land Claims. Died at Madison, Wis- 
consin, November 26, 1862. 

Hancoch, George. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1793 to 1797. He served as a Co- 
lonel in the Revolution ; was greatly 
beloved by his associates, and died at 
Fotheringay, Virginia, August 1, 1820, 
in the sixty-sixth year of his age. 

Hand, Augustus C. — He was a 

member of the State Senate of New 
York, from Essex County, from 1845 to 
1848, and a Representative in Congress, 
from 1839 to 1841. His native State 
was Vermont. 

Hanna, John A. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1797 to 1805. 

Hanna, Robert. — He was a mem- 
ber of the Indiana Constitutional Con- 
vention of 1816 ; a General of militia ; 
was for many years in the State Legis- 
lature ; was a Senator in Congress, from 
Indiana, by appointment, from 1831 to 
1832; took an active part for many 
years in the public affairs of his State ; 
and was killed by the cars, while walk- 
ing on the track of a railroad at India- 
napolis, November 19, 1858. 

Hannegan, Edivard A. — He was 

born in Ohio, but spent his boyhood in 
Kentucky ; received a good education, 
studied law and was admitted to the bar 
in his twenty-third year, settling in In- 
diana. He was frequently a member of 
the State Legislature, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Indiana, from 
1833 to 1837, and a Senator in Con- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



169 



gress, from 1843 to 1849, officiating a 
part of the time as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Eoads and Canals, and on En- 
rolled Bills. On his retirement from 
the Senate, he was appointed Minister 
to Prussia, and on his return from Eu- 
rope, took up his residence in Missouri. 
He died at St. Louis, February 25, 
1859. 

Hanson, Alexander Confee.— 

He was a lawyer by profession, and at' 
one time edited a political newspaper 
called the Federal Kepubliean, first in 
Baltimore and then at Georgetown, Dis- 
trict of Columbia. He was a bitter op- 
ponent of the administration, and in 
1812 published an article, which so irri- 
tated the populace, that his printing- 
office in Baltimore was destroyed. He 
resolved to reissue the paper, and took 
possession of a house for that purpose, 
supported by several political friends, 
well armed ; the paper appeared next 
morning with an article against the 
people and police of Baltimore, and in 
the evening the house was attacked by 
a mob, which was, however, repelled ; 
but Mr. Hanson and his friends were 
obliged to surrender to the civil au- 
thorities, for security, and were con- 
ducted to jail. That building was also 
attacked, and he was thrown in front of 
the jail, with others, and left by the 
mob, supposed to be dead. Then it was 
that he issued his paper in Georgetown. 
He afterwards settled in Baltimore, and 
was elected a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, serving from 1813 to 1816, when 
he was elected a Senator of the United 
States. He died at Belmont, April 23, 
1819, aged thirty-three years. 

Haralson, Hugh A. — Born in 

Greene County, Georgia, November, 
13, 1805. He graduated at the Univer- 
sity of Georgia, in 1825, and adopted the 
law as a profession, having, by an act 
of the Legislature, been permitted to 
practise before he was twenty-one. He 
was for many years a member of the 
Georgia Legislature, and a Kepresen- 
tative in Congress, fi-om 1843 to 1851. 
He died at home in October, 1854. He 
also participated in the military affairs 
of the State, and was a Major-General 
of militia ; and when in Congress, was 
Chairman of the Committee on Mili- 
tary Affairs. 

Hard, Gideon, — He was a Kepre- 



sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1833 to 1837, and a Senator from 
that State, from 1842 to 1847. 

Hardeniati, TJiomas, Jr. — He 

was born in Bibb County, Georgia, 
January 12, 1825, and elected a Repre- 
sentative, from that State, to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
tee on Mileage. He had before served 
in the State Legislature. Joined the 
Great Kebellion in 1861. 

Hardin, Benjamin, — He was 

born in Westmoreland County, Penn- 
sylvania, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Kentucky, from 1815 to 
1817, from 1819 to 1823, and again from 
1833 to 1837, and died at Bardstown, 
Kentucky, September 24, 1852. 

Hardin, John J. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and having removed to 
Illinois, was elected a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from 1843 to 1845. Died in 
February, 1847. 

Hardin, 3fartin 2>. — He was born 
on the Monongahela River, Western 
Pennsylvania, June 21, 1780. He was 
educated chiefly at Transylvania Semi- 
nary, in Kentucky ; studied law ; served 
for several years in the Legislature of 
Kentucky; was at one time Secretary 
of State for Kentucky ; served in the 
Northwestern army as a Major; and 
was a Senator in Congress, during the 
years 1816 and 1817. He had a superior 
mind, and as a lawyer was eminently 
successful. He died in Franklin County, 
Kentucky, October 8, 1823. 

Harding, Aaron. — Was born in 
Greene County, Kentucky ; spent his 
boyhood on a farm ; studied law, and 
came to the bar in 1833, locating in 
Greene County ; in 1840 he was elected 
to the State Legislature, and in 1861 he 
was elected a Kepresentative, from Ken- 
tucky, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Territories. 
Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on the 
Post-office and Post-roads. 

Harding, Betijatnin F. — Born 

in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, 
January 4, 1823 ; studied law in his na- 
tive county, and came to the bar in 
1847 ; emigrated to Illinois in 1848, and 
during the following year settled in 



12 



170 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Oregon ; in 1850 was chosen a member 
of the Legislative Assembly ; in 1851 
was Chief Clerk of the Legislative As- 
sembly ; in 1852 was chosen a member of 
the Legislature, and made Speaker. In 
1853 he was appointed by President 
Pierce United States District Atorney 
for the Territory of Oregon ; in 1854 
was appointed Secretary of the Terri- 
tory, which oifice he held until Oregon 
was admitted as a State. From 1859 to 
1862 he was a member of the State Le- 
gislature, serving the two last years as 
Speaker ; and in 1862 he was elected a 
Senator in Congress, from Oregon, tak- 
ing his seat during the third session of 
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Naval Aifairs, and 
that on Public Lands. 

Harlan^ Aaron. — He was born in 
Warren County, Ohio, September 8, 
1802 ; received a good English educa- 
tion ; adopted the profession of law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1825; in 
1831 he was elected a member of the 
State Legislature, and in 1838 and 1839 
was elected to the State Senate ; was a 
Presidential Elector in 1844, from Ohio ; 
in 1849 was again elected to the State 
Senate ; in 1850 was a member of the 
State Constitutional Convention ; and 
in 1852 he was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Ohio, where he con- 
tinued to serve the people of his native 
district until the close of the Thirty- 
iifth Congress, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Private Land Claims. 

Harlan^ Andreiv J. — He was 

born in Chester, Clinton County, Ohio, 
March 29, 1815 ; received a limited edu- 
cation ; studied law, but abandoned the 
practice for politics ; in 1842 he was 
elected Clerk of the Indiana House of 
Kepresentatives ; was elected to the Le- 
gislature in 1846, 1847, and 1848 ; and 
was elected a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Indiana, from 1849 to 1851, 
and again from 1853 to 1855. 

Harlan, James. — Born in Mercer 
County, Kentucky, June 22, 1800; re- 
ceived a good English education, and 
engaged in mercantile pursuits from 
1817 to 1821. He then commenced the 
study of the law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1823. In 1829 he was ap- 
pointed Prosecuting Attorney for the 
Circuit in which he resided, and held 
the office four years. In 1835 he was 



elected a Representative to Congress 
from Kentucky, and in 1837 he was re- 
elected ; during the last session he was 
Chairman of the Committee for Inves- 
tigating Defalcations. From 1840 to 
1844 he was Secretary of State of Ken- 
tucky. In 1845 he was elected to the 
lower branch of the Legislature ; and in 
1850 he was appointed Attorney-Gene- 
ral of that State, which office he held 
until his death, which occurred at Frank- 
fort, Kentucky, February 18, 1863. 

Harlan, James. — Born in Clarke 
County, Illinois, August 26, 1820 ; gra- 
duated at Indiana University in 1845 ; 
a lawyer by profession ; was Superin- 
tendent of Public Instruction in the 
State of Iowa in 1847 ; President of 
Iowa Wesleyan University in 1853 ; 
and was elected a United States Sena- 
tor in 1854, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Lands. He was 
also a Delegate to the Peace Congress 
of 1861. Re-elected to the Senate for 
the term ending in 1867, serving as 
Chairman of the Committee on Public 
Lands. 

Harmanson, John H. — Born in 
Norfolk, Virginia, in January, 1803. 
He was educated at Jefferson College, 
Mississippi, and having removed to 
Louisiana, devoted himself first to one 
of the mechanic arts, then to law, and 
afterwards to agriculture. He served 
in the State Senate in 1844 ; and was 
elected to the National House of Repre- 
sentatives in 1845, and re-elected in 
1847 and 1849, ever keeping a watchful 
eye upon the interests of his adopted 
State, and proposed in Congress a pro- 
ject to secure a grant from the United 
States to Louisiana of all the sub- 
merged lands in that State, with a view 
to their redemption from that condition, 
and thus promoting the public health. 
He died in New Orleans, October 25, 
1850. 

Harper, Alexander. — He was 

born in Ireland, and having emigrated 
to Ohio, was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from 1837 to 1839, from 
1843 to 1847, and again from 1851 to 
1853. 

Harper, Francis J. — He was 

elected a member of Congress from 
Pennsylvania, but died before taking 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



171 



his seat, March 18, 1837, aged thirty- 
eight years. 

Harper, James. — He was born in 
Irehind, and having emigrated to Penn- 
sylvania, was elected a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from 1833 to 1837. 

Harper, John A. — He was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from .New 
Hampshire, from 1811 to 1813. 

Harper, Joseph 31. — Born in 

Limerick, Maine, June 21, 1787 ; com- 
menced active life by working on his 
father's farm in summer, and going to ' 
the district school in winter ; he was 
also at the Fryeburg Academy, and 
taught school ; he studied medicine and 
law, and practised both professions ; he 
was a judge, at one time, of the United 
States District Court of New Hamp- 
shire, and a Representative in Congress, 
from New Hampshire, from 1831 to 
1835. In 1858 was President of the 
Mechanics' Bank, Concord. 

Harper, Robert G. — He was born 
near Fredericksburg, Virginia, in 1765; 
was a graduate of Princeton College in 
1785, and for a time a teacher in that 
institution ; removing to Charleston, . 
South Carolina, he studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar of that State ; he was 
a leading Representative in Congress, 
from South Carolina, from 1794 to 1801 ; 
he subsequently removed to Baltimore, 
Maryland, and was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from that State, during the years 
1815 and 1810; in 1819 he visitW Europe, 
and, on his return, devoted himself to 
the cause of the Colonization Society, 
and to literary pursuits, publishing a 
number of interesting addresses and 
papers, which were subsequently col- 
lected in a volume. He served with 
credit in the war of 1812, having at- 
tained the rank of Major-General. He 
died suddenly, January 15, 1825, having 
been engaged the preceding day in the 
Circuit Court. 

Harper, Williatn. — He was a na- 
tive of South Carolina ; born January 
17, 1790; graduated at the South Caro- 
lina College in 1808, and became one of 
the Board of Trustees of that institution 
in 1813; adopted the profession of law ; 
served in the State Legislature, and was 
elected Speaker of the Lower House. 
He was a Senator in Congress, from 



Soiith Carolina, during the year 1826, 
and was appointed Chancellor of that 
State in 1835. He was, in 1830, elected 
a Judge of the Court of Appeals, and 
for a time State Reporter. For domes- 
tic reasons, he spent a few years in Mis- 
souri, from 1818 to 1823, and while in 
that State was made Chancellor of the 
State. He was an eminent jurist, and 
died October 10, 1847. 

Harringtou, Henry W. — Was 

born in Otsego County, New York, Sep- 
tember 12, 1825 ; studied law, and came 
to the bar in 1849; in 1856 he took up 
his residence in Indiana, and continued 
the prosecution of his profession there; 
after serving in a local Convention, he 
was chosen a Delegate to the Charleston 
Convention in 1860; and in 1862 he was 
elected a Representative, from Indiana, 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
on the Committee on Private Land 
Claims. 

Harris, Benjamin Gtvinn. — 

Born near Leonardtown, St. Mary's 
County, Maryland, December 13, 1806; 
after receiving an academical education 
at Charlotte Hall, he spent a few months 
in St. Mary's College, and went to Yale 
College, from which he was dismissed 
with one hundred and forty others, in 
1829, on account of their seceding from 
Commons Hall ; and although a compact 
was entered into that they would not re- 
turn unless their wishes were respected, 
all of them did return, excepting Mr. 
Harris and one other, a Georgian. He 
subsequently spent fourteen months at 
the Cambridge Law School, and then 
settled in his native count}' as a lawyer. 
In 1832 he was elected to the House of 
Delegates of Maryland, and re-elected 
in 1833, 1836, 1849, 1852, and 1856. With 
his profession and public duties he ever 
combined agricultural pursuits; and in 
1863 he was elected a Representative, 
from Maryland, to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
Manufactures. He was a Delegate to 
the Chicago Convention of 1864. 

Harris, Charles M. — He was born 
in Munfordsville, Hart County, Ken- 
tucky, April 10, 1821 ; received a com- 
mon school education ; adopted the pro- 
fession of law; and having become a 
citizen of Illinois, he was elected, in 
1862, a Representative, from that State, 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 



172 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



on the Committees on Public Expendi- 
tures, and on Expenditures in the War 
Department. 

Harris, Ira. — He was born in 

Charleston, Montgomery County, ISTew 
York, May 31, 1802, tracing his lineage 
to the colony of Eoger Williams; when 
a boy, he lai)ored upon a farm in sum- 
mer and attended school in winter ; in 
his seventeenth year he entered Cortland 
Academy, to prepare for college; gra- 
duated at Union College in 1824; studied- 
law, and was admitted to the bar in Al- 
bany, where he settled. For seventeen 
years he devoted his whole attention to 
his profession, in which he was emi- 
nently successful, avoiding all political 
entanglements. In 1844 he was elected 
to the State Legislature; re-elected in 
1845; was a Delegate in 1846 to the Con- 
vention for revising the Constitution of 
the State ; before the Convention ad- 
journed was elected to the State Senate; 
in 1847 he was elected Judge of the Su- 
preme Court, and held the position twelve 
years and a half; and in 1861 he was 
elected, for six years, a Senator in Con- 
gress, from New York, serving as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Private Land 
Claims, and member of the Committees 
on the Judiciary, and Foreign Rela- 
tions. 

Harris, Isham G. — He was born 
in Tennessee, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1853. 

Harris, J". Morrison. — Born in 
the city of Baltimore, in 1821 ; was 
educated at Lafayette College, Penn- 
sylvania, and studied law, being admit- 
ted to the bar in 1843. He was a Presi- 
dential Elector in 1848, and in 1855 was 
elected a Representative, from Mary- 
land, in the Thirty-fourth Congress, 
and returned to the Thirtj^-fifth Con- 
gress in 1857, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Mileage. Also elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Naval Affairs. 

Harris, John. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1807 
to 1809. 

Harris, John T. — Born in Albe- 
marleCountj', Virginia, in 1823; received 
a good English education, going to school 



and working on his father's farm alter- 
nately; taught school for a while; studied 
law, and was licensed to practise in 
1845; was a State Elector in 1848, 1851, 
and 1855 ; a Presidential Elector in 1852 
and 1856; was twice elected Attorney 
for the Commonwealth ; and was elected 
a Representative, from Virginia, to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, ser^sing on the 
Committee on Expenditures on the Pub- 
lic Buildings. 

Harris, Mark. — He was born in 
Ipswich, Massachusetts, in 1779; re- 
moved to Portland in 1800; went into 
trade as a grocer ; took an active part 
in politics; held the offices of County 
and State Treasurer for twenty years ; 
was a State Senator in 1816 and 1819 ; 
a State Councillor in 1820; served also 
in the State Legislature ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Maine, 
from 1822 to 1823. Died in New York, 
March 2, 1848. 

Harris, Mobert. — He was born in 
Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1823 to 1827. 

Harris, Sampson W. — Born in 
Elbert County, Georgia, February 23, 
1809, and died in Washington City, 
April 1, 1857. He graduated at Frank- 
lin College in 1828 ; adopted the profes- 
sion of law ; served one term in the 
Georgia Legislature, and then removed 
to Alabama. He was there appointed 
Prosecuting Attorney for the State; and 
in 1847 he was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Alabama, where he 
continued until his death. 

Harris, Thomas K. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ten- 
nessee, from 1813 to 1815. 

Harris, Thomas L. — He was born 
in Norwich, Connecticut, October 29, 
1816; graduated at Trinity College, 
Hartford, in 1841 ; studied law, in Con- 
necticut, with Governor Isaac Toucey ; 
was admitted to the bar, in Virginia, 
in 1842, and during that year com- 
menced the practice of his profession in 
Petersburg, Menard County, Illinois. In 
1845 he was chosen School Commissioner 
for his county; and in 1846 he raised 
and commanded a company, and joined 
the Fourth Regiment of Illinois Volun- 
teers to serve in the war with Mexico ; 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



173 



he was afterwards elected Major of the 
regiment, and, owing to the sickness of 
his superior officers, was chief in com- 
mand during most of the campaign. 
He was at the taking of Vera Cruz, and 
served in the navy battery with a de- 
tachment during the day of its terrible 
fire; was also at Cerro Gordo, and after 
the wounding of General Shields took 
command of the regiment, and was 
honorably mentioned in Government 
despatches, for placing a twenty-four 
pounder battering cannon on the heights 
of Cerro Gordo, during the night pre- 
ceding the battle. While absent in the 
army, in 1846, he was elected a Senator 
in the Illinois Legislature, and in 1848 
was chosen a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, serving through the Thirty-first, 
and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress ; during his second term he 
officiated as Chairman of the Committee 
on Elections. He took a special inte- 
rest in the election in Illinois when he 
was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress ; and it is supposed that, owing to 
his declining health, the eff'orts he made 
to attend the polls were the more imme- 
diate cause of his death, which occurred 
at Springfield, Illinois, November 24, 
1858. His disease was pulmonary con- 
sumption. 

Harris, W. L. — He was appointed, 
by the acting Governor of Mississippi, 
in 1851, to fill a vacancy in the United 
States Senate, caused by the resignation 
of Mr. J. Davis; but the writer is not 
certain that he occupied his seat in the 
Senate. 

Harris, Wiley JP. — He was born 
in Mississippi, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1853 
to 1855. 

Harris, JFilliavt A.— B.e was born 
in Fauquier County, Virginia, August 
8, 1805; received a classical education; 
he adopted the profession of law, and 
practised it for ten years ; he was twice 
elected to the Legislature of Virginia ; 
and he was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1841 to 1843. He was editor, 
for several years, of a journal called the 
Spectator, and subsequently of the Con- 
stitution; and in 1845 he was appointed, 
by President Polk, Charge d' Affaires to 
Buenos Ayres, where he remained until 
1851. After the election of Mr. Bucha- 
nan to the Pre~sidency, he became the 



editor and proprietor of the Washing- 
ton Union, which continued in his pos- 
session until he was elected Printer to 
the United States Senate, which office 
he held for two years. In 1854 he re- 
moved to Missouri, and died in Pike 
County, March 28, 1864. 

Harrison, Albert G. — He was a 

native of Kentucky ; a lawyer by pro- 
fession ; and a member of Congress, 
from Missouri, from 1835 to 1839. He 
died at Fulton, Missouri, September 7, 
1839, highly esteemed. 

Harrison, Carter B. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1793 to 1799. 

Harrison, John S. — He was born 
in Ohio, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 
1857. 

Harrison, Richard A. — He was 

born in England in 1827, and emigrated 
to Ohio in 1836; received a good Eng- 
lish education ; served for a time in a 
printing-office in Clarke County; gra- 
duated at the Cincinnati Law School in 
1846; in 1857 he was elected to the Ohio 
House of Representatives ; subsequently 
to the State Senate ; and he was elected 
a Representative, from Ohio, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
the Committees on Invalid Pensions, 
and the Militia. 

Harrison, S. S. — He was born in 
Maryland; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1833 
to 1837. 

Harrison, William Henri/. — 

Was born in Charles County, Virginia, 
February 9, 1773 ; was educated at 
Hampden Sydney College, and after- 
wards studied medicine. He received, 
from Washington, a military commis- 
sion in 1791, and fought under Wayne 
in 1792. After the battle of Miami 
Rapids, he was made Captain, and 
placed in command of Fort Washing- 
ton. In 1797 he was appointed Secre- 
tary of the Northwest Territory ; and 
in 1799 and 1800 he was a Delegate to 
Congress. Being appointed Governor 
of Indiana, he was also Superintendent 
of Indian Affairs, and negotiated thir- 
teen treaties. He gained a great vic- 
tory in the battle of Tippecanoe, No- 



174 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



yember 7, 1811. In tlie war with Great 
Britain he was commander of the N orth- 
west army, and was distinguished in the 
defence of Fort Meigs, and the victory 
of the Thames. From 1816 to 1819, he 
was a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
Ohio; and from 1825 to 1828, United 
States Senator. In 1828 lie was Minis- 
ter to the Kepublic of Colombia ; and 
on his return he resided upoii his farm, 
at North Bend,' Ohio. In 1840 he was 
elected President of the United States, 
hy 234 votes out of 294, and inaugura- 
ted March 4, 1841. He died in the Pre- 
sidential mansion, April 4, 1841. 

Hart, Emanuel B. — Born in New 
York City, October 29_, 1811; entered 
early upon a mercantile occupation ; 
went to the Spanish Main as a supercargo, 
and settled in New York as a commis- 
sion merchant ; served for a time in the 
Board of Aldermen ; was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from 1851 to 1853 ; he 
was at one time a Lieutenant-Colonel 
of the State militia ; and was appointed, 
by President Buchanan, Surveyor of 
the Port of New York. Mr. Hart has 
also frequently been a member of the 
State and National Conventions of the 
Democratic party. 

Hartley, Thomas. — He was born 
in Beading, Pennsylvania ; served in 
the Revolutionary war as a Colonel 
from 1776 to 1779; was a lawyer of emi- 
nence ; and a Eejjresentative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1789 
until his death, which occurred at York, 
Pennsylvania, in 1800. 

Harvei/, tlonathan. — He was born 
in Merrimack County, New Hampshire ; 
served seven years in the two Houses of 
the State Legislature ; was President of 
the Senate from 1817 to 1823; was a 
State Councillor from 1828 to 1825; 
and a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
New Hampshire, from 1825 to 1831, 
during his last term serving as a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Commerce. 
Died in Sutton, New Hampshire, Au- 
gust 28, 1859, aged seventy-nine years. 

Harvey, 3Iatthew. — He was born 
in Hillsborough County, New Hamp- 
shire, and was for many years a member 
of the New Hampshire Legislature ; 
Speaker of the House from 1818 to 1821, 
and President of the Senate from 1825 
to 182^; a State Councillor in 1828; 



Governor of the State in 1880; and in 
1831 was appointed Judge of the United 
States District Court. His services as 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
Hampshire, were rendered from 1821 to 
1825. 

HasbroucJc, Abraham. — He was 

a member of the New York Assembly, 
from Ulster County, in 1781 and 1782, 
and again in 1811 ; and a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from 1813 to 1815; 
and State Senator in 1822. 

HasbroucJc, Abraham B. — He 

graduated at Yale College in 1810 ; and 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1825 to 1827. He was 
a native of Ulster County, New York ; 
but he spent a few years of his life in 
New Jersey, and was President of Eut- 
gers College, which office he resigned. 

Hasbrouck, JTosiah. — He w^as for 
four years a member of the New York 
Assembly, and a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1803 to 
1805, and again from 1817 to 1819. 

Hascall, Awgtistus J*.— He was 

born in Massachusetts ; and was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1851 to 1853. 

Haskell, William T. — He was 

born in Tennessee, received a liberal 
education, and adopted the profession 
.of law; he commanded, as Colonel, a 
regiment of Tennessee volunteers, in 
the late war with Mexico, having dis- 
tinguished himself at Medelin and at 
Cerro Gordo ; and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1847 
to 1849. He died at Hopkinsville, Ten- 
nessee, March 20, 1859. 

Haskin, John B. — Born at Ford- 
ham, Westchester County, New York, 
August 7, 1821 ; educated at a public 
school in New York Cit}- ; he was a law- 
yer by profession; held several impor- 
tant city offices from 1846 to 1856, and 
was then elected a Eepresentative in the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from New York, 
officiating as Chairman of the Commit- 
tee on Expenditures in the Navy De- 
partment ; and was also elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Public Ex- 
penditures. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



175 



Hastings, George.— B^q was born 
in Clinton, Oneida County, New York, 
March 13, 1807 ; graduated at Hamilton 
College in 1826 ; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1830 ; he was 
District Attorney for Oneida County 
nine years ; and he was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New York, from 
1853 to 1855. Late in the latter year 
he was elected Judge for Livingston 
County, which office he now holds. 

Hastings, John. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1839 to 1843, and died at Colu^i- 
bus, December 29, 1854. 

Hastings, L. Clinton. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Iowa, 
from 1846 to 1847. 

Hastings, Seth. — He graduated at 
Harvard University in 1782 ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, from 1801 to 1807. After his 
service in Congress, he was elected a 
State Senator in 1810 and 1814 ; was ap- 
pointed Chief Justice of the Court of 
Sessions; and died in 1831, aged seventy 
years, at Mendon, Massachusetts. 

Hastings, William Soden. — He 

was frequently a member of the Legis- 
lature of Massachusetts, in the Senate 
from 1829 to 1834, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1837 to 1842. He died at the Sul- 
phur Springs, Virginia, June 17, 1842. 

Hatch, Israel T. — He was born in 
New York ; was a member of the As- 
sembly of that State in 1852 ; and elected 
a Representative to the Thirtj'-fifth 
Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on the Militia, and as mem- 
ber of the Committee on Engraving. 
In 1859 he was apjaointed, by President 
Buchanan, to examine and report upon 
the working of the Reciprocity Treaty, 
and a few weeks later was appointed 
Postmaster at Buffalo. 

Hathaway, S. G. — He was, for 
three years, a member of the Assembly 
of New York, one year a State Senator, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1833 to 1835. 

Hathorn, John. — He was a mem- 
ber of the State Senate of New York in 
1787 ; a Representative in Congress, 



from New York, from 1789 to 1791, and 
again from 1795 to 1797 ; and was again 
elected to the State Senate in 1804. 

Hatton, Robert. — Born in Sum- 
ner County, Tennessee, in 1827 ; gra- 
duated at Cambridge University ; stu- 
died law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1849; served in the Tennessee Legis- 
lature in 1856 ; and in 1859 was elected 
a Representative, from Tennessee, to 
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Expenses in the Navy 
Department. He served in the Rebel- 
lion of 1861, and was killed at the bat- 
tle before Richmond in 1862. 

Haiin, H. P. — Born in Scott Coun- 
ty, Kentucky ; read law at the Transyl- 
vania University of that State, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1839 ; he was for 
a time Attorney for his native county ; 
removed to Iowa in 1845, and was a 
member of the Convention which formed 
the Constitution of that State in 1846 ; 
removed to California in 1850, and was 
there elected a County Judge ; and in 
1859 was elected a Senator in Congress, 
from California, for the unexpired term 
of the late Mr. Broderick. He served 
as a member of the Committees on In- 
dian Affairs, and on Territories. Died 
at Marysville, California, May 6, 1860. 

Haven, Jonathan JV. — He gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1777, and was 
for nine years a member of the New 
York Assembly, from Suffolk County, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
1795 to 1799, the year of his death. 

Haven, Nathaniel A. — He was a 

native of New Hampshire ; graduated 
at Harvard University in 1779; was a 
member of Congress, from that State, 
from 1809 to 1811, and died March, 
1831, aged sixty-nine years. 

Haven, Solomon G. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1857. Died at Buffalo, New York, 
December 24, 1862. 

Hawes, Albert G. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1831 to 1837, and died in 
Davis County, Kentucky, April 14, 
1849. 

Hawes, Aylett. — Was a Represen- 



176 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



tative in Congress, from Virginia, from 
1811 to 1817. He was a physician by 
profession, and died in Culpeper Coun- 
ty, Virginia, August 31, 1833. 

Hawes, Richard. — He was born 
in Caroline County, Virginia, February 
6, 1797 ; removed with his family to 
Kentucky in 1810 ; received a good col- 
legiate education ; adopted the profes- 
sion of law ; was a member of the Ken- 
tucky Legislature in 1828, 1829, and 
1886 ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1837 to 
1841. 

Hawkins, Benjamin. — Born in 

Yates County, North Carolina, August 
15, 1754 ; was educated at Princeton 
College ; and was an excellent French 
scholar, which occasioned his becoming 
a personal friend of Washington, that 
he might act as interpreter in his inter- 
course with the French officers of his 
army. He was with him at the battle 
of Monmouth. In 1780 he was chosen 
Commercial Agent by the Legislature 
of North Carolina ; and from 1781 to 
1784, and 1786 to 1787, he was a Dele- 
gate in the First Congress ; and as 
a Senator of the United States, under 
the Constitution, from North Carolina, 
he served from 1789 to 1795 ; and hav- 
ing been appointed, by Washington, 
Agent for Superintending all the In- 
dians south of the Ohio, he retained 
that office until his death, — having ten- 
dered his resignation, without its being 
accepted, to each successive President, 
from 1796 to 1816. He was a man of 
superior abilities and lofty character, 
and left behind him some valuable writ- 
ings on " Topography," and " Indian 
Character." He died June 6, 1816. 

Hatvkins, George S. — He was 

born in New York, and, having become 
a citizen of Florida, was elected a Re- 
presentative to the Thirty-fifth and 
Thirty-sixth Congresses, from that State, 
serving on the Committees on Private 
Land Claims, and on Naval Affairs. 

Hatvkins, tToseph. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1829 to 1831. 

Hawkins, Joseph W. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1814 to 1815. 



Hatvkins, M. T. — He entered pub- 
lic life, in 1819, as a member of the 
House of Commons of North Carolina ; 
was a member of the State Senate from 
1823 to 1827 ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from North Carolina, from 
1831 to 1841. He served again in the 
State Senate in 1846. He was also at 
one time a General of militia. 

Hatvks, tTohn. — He was born in 
Worcester, Massachusetts, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1821 to 1823. 

Haws, J. H. Hohart. — He was 

born in New York, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1851 to 1853. 

Hay, Andrew K. — He was born 
in Massachusetts, and, having become 
a resident of New Jersey, was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 1849 
to 1851. 

Hayden, Moses. — He was born in 
Hampshire County, Massachusetts, and 
was a member of the New York State 
Senate in 1829 and 1830, and a Represen- 
tative in. Congress, from 1823 to 1827. 

Haymond, Thomas S. — He was 

born in Virginia, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1849 to 1851. 

Hayne, Arthur P. — He was born. 
in Charleston, South Carolina, March 
12, 1790, received a good education, and 
commenced active life in a counting- 
house. He early formed an attachment 
for military life, and, on entering the 
army, rendered good service during the 
last war with England, at Sackett's 
Harbor, as First Lieutenant ; on the 
St. Lawrence, as Major of cavalry; in 
the Creek Nation, as Inspector-Greneral, 
and also at the storming of Pensacola, 
and at New Orleans. After the war he 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in Pennsylvania. During the Flo- 
rida war he was again called into the 
field, and had command of the Tennes- 
see volunteers, and he retired from the 
army in 1820. He subsequently served 
in the Legislature of South Carolina, 
and was chosen a Presidential Elector 
in 1832, voting for Jackson ; and he 
was appointed to a seat in the United 
States Senate, from South Carolina, 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Ill 



in May, 1858, in the place of Senator 
Evans. 

Hayne, Robert Y. — He was born 
near Charleston, South Carolina, No- 
vember 10, 1791 ; his early advantages 
for education were limited ; he studied 
law with Langdon Cheves, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar before he was twenty- 
one years of age, attaining a high rank 
as a lawyer. In the war of 1812 he 
held the commission of Lieutenant. In 
1814 he was elected to the State Legis- 
lature, and in 1818 Speaker, and was 
also Attorney-General of the State. 
He was elected to the United States 
Senate in 1823, and continued there 
until 1832. In 1832, as a member of 
the " Union and State Eights Conven- 
tion" of South Carolina, he reported 
the ordinance of Nullification, and was 
soon afterwards elected Governor of the 
State. He was subsequently Mayor of 
Charleston, and President of the Charles- 
ton, Louisville, and Cincinnati Railroad 
Company. He died at Ashville, North 
Carolina, September 24, 1839. His abi- 
lities were of a high order, and he ac- 
quired distinction by his participation 
in a debate in the Senate with Daniel 
Webster. 

Haynes, diaries E. — He was 

born in Brunswick, Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Georgia, from 1825 to 1829, and again 
from 1835 to 1839. 

Hays, Samuel. — He was born in 
Virginia, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 
1843. 

Hays, Samuel. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1843 to 1845. 

Haywood William H., Jr. — Born 
in Wake County, North Carolina, in 
1801; graduated at the University of 
North Carolina in 1819; studied law; 
entered public life as a member of the 
House of Commons in 1834, continuing 
there three years; in 1836 was Speaker 
of the House ; and a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1843 to 1845. 

Hazard, Nathaniel. — He was 

born in Newport, Rhode Island, and 
was elected a Representative in Con- 



gress, from 1819 to 1821. Died Decem- 
ber 17, 1820, in Washington City. 

Hazeltine, Abner. — He was a 

member of the New York Assembly in 
1829 and 1830, and a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 
1837. 

Healey, Joseph. — He was born in 
Cheshire, New Hampshire ; was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Hamp- 
shire, from 1825 to 1829, and was a 
member of the Committee on Revolu- 
tionary Claims. He was also a State 
Councillor from 1829 to 1832, and State 
Senator in 1824. 

Heath, James P. — He was born 
in Delaware, December 21, 1777. In 
1799 he was appointed a Lieutenant in 
the regiment of artillerists and engi- 
neers, which he resigned in 1802 ; he 
was Register in Chancery, at Annapolis, 
at the commencement of the war of 
1812 ; he served through the whole war 
as aide-de-camp to General Winder ; in 
1838 he was wrecked on the steamer 
Pulaski, and spent five days and nights 
afloat upon a piece of the wreck ; when 
nineteen years of age he fought a duel 
with John Knight, and received a ball 
which never left him ; and he was a 
Representative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1833 to 1835, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Commerce. 
He died in Georgetown, June 12, 1854. 

Heath, John. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1793 to 1797. 

Hebard, William. — He was born 
in Connecticut, and having settled in 
Vermont, was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1853. He was also Judge of the Su- 
preme Court from 1842 to 1845 ; Judge 
of Probate for seven years ; served seven 
years in the two houses of the Legisla- 
ture ; and was two years Attorney for 
Randolph County. 

Heister, Daniel. — He was a native 
of Berks County, Pennsylvania, and a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1789 to 1796, having re- 
signed. 

Heister, Daniel. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Mary- 



178 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



land, from 1801 to 1804. He died 
March 8, 1804. 

Heister, Daniel. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Chester 
County, Pennsylvania, from 1809 to 
1811. " 

HeisteVf <John. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1807 to 1809, and father of 
Daniel Heister, of Chester County. 

Seister, Joseph. — He was born in 
Eeading, Pennsylvania, November 18, 
1752 ; was a General in the Kevolution- 
ary war, having organized a company 
at his own expense, which fought on 
Long Island, where he was wounded 
and taken prisoner. He was a Kepre- 
sentative in the Pennsylvania Legisla- 
ture soon after the close of the war, 
and served for several years ; was a 
member of the Convention which formed 
the State Constitution, and a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1797 to 1805, and again from 1815 
to 1820. He was' Governor from 1820 
to 1823, and died in Eeading, June 10, 
1832. 

Heister, Williatn. — He was, for 
many years, an active politician, and a 
leader of the Anti-masonic party. He 
was a member of the Convention to re- 
vise the Constitution of Pennsylvania, 
and a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1831 to 1837. He died 
October 14, 1853, in Pennsylvania, aged 
sixty-two years. 

Helmick, William. — Born in 

Jefterson County, Ohio, September 6, 
1817 ; received a common school educa- 
tion, and taught school for seven years; 
studied law and was admitted to the 
bar in 1845 ; in 1851 he was elected a 
Prosecuting Attorney ; and in 1858 he 
was elected a Eepresentative, from Ohio, 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committee on Post- 
offices and Post-roads. He subsequently 
accepted a clerkship in the Interior De- 
partment. 

Helms, William. — He was an 

officer in the Eevolutionary army ; a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1801 to 1811 ; and remov- 
ing to Tennessee, died there at an ad- 
vanced arro. 



Hemphill, John. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Texas, from 1859 
until that State seceded, when he be- 
came identified with the Great Eebel- 
lion. Expelled from the Senate in July, 
1861. 

Hemphill, Joseph, — He was born 
in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, 
and was a leading member of the old 
Federal party ; he was a Eepresenta- 
tive of Pennsylvania in Congress, from 
1801 to 1803, again from 1819 to 1827, 
and from 1829 to 1831. He distinguish- 
ed himself particularly by a speech on 
the Judiciar}^ Bill in 1801 ; and was for 
some time Judge of the District Court 
of Philadelphia. He died in Philadel- 
phia, May 29, 1842, aged seventy-two 
years. 

Hempstead, Edward. — He was 

born in New London, Connecticut, 
June 3, 1780 ; received a classical edu- 
cation from private tutors, and having 
studied law, was admitted to the bar in 
1801. After spending three years in 
Ehode Island practising his profession, 
he removed in 1804 to the Territory of 
Louisiana, travelling on horseback, and 
tarrying for a time at Vincennes, Indi- 
ana Territory. He first settled at St. 
Charles, on the Missouri Eiver, but in 
1805, he removed to St. Louis, where 
he resided the balance of his life. In 
1806 he was appointed Deputy Attorney- 
General for the District of St. Louis 
and St. Charles, and in 1809 Attorney- 
General for the Territory of Upper 
Louisiana, which office he held until 
1811 ; and he was the first Delegate to 
Congress from the western side of the 
Mississippi Eiver, representing Missouri 
Territory from 1811 to 1814. After his 
service in Congress, he went upon seve- 
ral expeditions against the Indians ; 
was elected to the Territorial Assembly, 
and chosen Speaker ; and he died on 
the 10th August, 1817. He was a man 
of ability, pure, and without reproach, 
and his loss was deeply lamented by 
all who knew him. 

Henderson, Archibald. — Born 

in Granville County, North Carolina, 
August 7, 1768, and died October 21, 
1822. He was educated in his native 
county, studied law, and rose to a high 
position at the bar of his State. He 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
North Carolina, from 1799 to 1803; 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



179 



and subsequently elected to the General 
Assembly for several terms. His learn- 
ing was extensive, and his character as 
a man above reproach. 

Henderson, Bennett H. — He 

was a Representative in Congress, from 
Tennessee, from 1815 to 1817. 

Henderson, John. — He was a 

lawyer by profession ; a General of 
militia in Mississippi ; a Senator in 
Congress, fro^ Mississippi, from 1839 
to 1845; and during the latter part of 
his life, practised his pror, ssion in Loui- 
siana. After his service in Congress, he 
was engaged in an unlawful expedition 
against Cuba, for which he was tried, 
but acquitted by a New Orleans jury. 
He died at Pass Christian, in 1857, aged 
sixty-two years. 

Henderson, *Tohn IB. — Was born 
in Virginia, November 16, 1826 ; in 
1836 removed with his parents to Mis- 
souri ; spent a part of his boyhood on a 
farm. While obtaining an academical 
education, he taught school for his sup- 
port ; studied law, and came to the bar 
in 1848, and was soon afterwards elected 
to the State Legislature ; re-elected in 
1856 ; he was a Delegate to the Charles- 
ton Convention in 1860 ; had command 
for a time of a brigade of militia. On 
the expulsion of Trusten Polk from the 
United States Senate, he was appointed 
to till the vacancy, and in 1863 was 
elected for the full term ending in 1869, 
serving on the Committees on the Post- 
office and Post-roads, and that on the 
District of Columbia. 

Henderson, Joseph. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania, and was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1833 to 1837. 

Henderson, J. Pinckney. — Born 
in Lincoln County, North Carolina, 
March 31, 1808. He received a liberal 
education, but did not graduate, and 
adopted the law as a profession, first 
visiting Cuba for his health, and settling 
in Mississippi. He emigrated to Texas 
in 1836, and his first civil office was that 
of Attorney-General of the Eepublic of 
Texas, having been appointed by Presi- 
dent Houston in 1836 ; in 1837 he was 
appointed Secretary of State of the Re- 
public ; soon afterwards Minister Ple- 
nipotentiary to England and Trance, 



clothed with the additional powers of 
Commissioner to solicit the recognition 
of the independence of Texas ; in 1838 
he made a commercial arrangement 
with England, and in 1839 a commer- 
cial treaty with France ; in 1844 he was 
appointed a Special Minister to the 
United States, which mission resulted 
in the annexation of Texas ; in 1845 he 
was a member of the Convention which 
framed the Constitution of the State of 
Texas ; in November, of the same year, 
was elected Governor of the State ; and 
when the Mexican war broke out, in 
1846, as Governor of the State, and by 
permission of the Legislature, he took 
command in person of the volunteer 
troops, called for by General Taylor, 
served six months as Major-General, 
and distinguished himself at the battle 
of Monterey, subsequently receiving 
from Congress, for his services, a vote 
of thanks, and a sword valued at fifteen 
hundred dollars. He was elected a 
Senator in Congress, in 1857, but owing 
to ill health, did not take an active part 
in its proceedings, and he died in Wash- 
ington City, June 4, 1858, deeply la- 
mented by all who knew him. 

Henderson, Samuel. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1814 to 1815. 

Henderson, Thomas. — He was a 

graduate of Princeton College in 1761 ; 
was Judge of the Court of Common 
Pleas ; a Delegate to the Continental 
Congress, from 1779 to 1780; a Repre- 
sentative of New Jersey in Congress, 
vinder the Constitution, from 1795 to 
1797 ; and was once Lieutenant-Gover- 
nor of that State. 

Hendricks, Thomas ^.--He was 

born in Muskingum County, Ohio, Sep- 
tember 7, 1819 ; was educated at South 
Hanover CoUegfe ; studied law, and 
completed his legal studies at Chambers- 
burg, Pennsylvania, in 1843 ; settled in 
Indiana, and practised his profession 
with success ; in" 1848 he was chosen to 
the State Legislature, and declined are- 
election ; was an active member of the 
Constitutional Convention of 1850 ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Indiana, from 1851 to 1855 ; he was ap- 
pointed by President Pierce, in 1855, 
Commissioner of the General Land Of- 
fice, in which he was continued by Pre- 
sident Buchanan until 1859, when he 



180 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



resigned. He was subsequently elected 
a Senator in Congress for the long term, 
ending 1869, serving on the Committees 
on Claims, and on Public Buildings and 
Grounds. 

Hendricks, William, — Born in 
Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, 
in 1783. He was one of the early set- 
tlers of Madison, Indiana, having re- 
moved there in 1814. During his resi- 
dence in that State, he iilled many high 
and important offices ; he was Secretary 
of the Convention which formed the 
present Constitution of the State ; the 
first and sole Representative of Indiana 
in Congress, from 1816 to 1822; Go- 
vernor of the State from 1822 to 1825, 
when he was elected a member of the 
United States Senate, and served until 
1837. He died in Madison, May 16, 1850. 

Henley, Thomas, Jr. — He was 

born in Indiana, and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1843 to 1847. 

Henley, Thomas J. — He was born 
in Ohio, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Indiana, from 1847 to 
1849. He subsequently removed to Cali- 
fornia, and held the offices of Indian 
Agent and Postmaster of San Francisco. 

Henn, Bernhardt. — He was born 
in New York, and on emigrating to 
Iowa, he was elected a Bepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1853. 

Henry, John. — He was a graduate 
of Princeton College in 1769 ; was for 
several years, from 1778, a Delegate to 
the old Congress ; a Senator in Congress 
under the Constitution, from Maryland, 
from 1789 to 1797, when he resigned; 
and elected Governor of Maryland in 
the latter year. He died at Easton, De- 
cember, 1798. 

Henry, John F, — He was the bro- 
ther of Bobert P. Henry, and was 
elected to Congress for the unexpired 
term of the same, from 1826 to 1827. 
He was born in Scott County, Kentucky, 
January 17, 1793 ; received his educa- 
tion at the Georgetown Academy of 
Kentucky ; studied medicine, and in 
1813 was appointed Surgeon's mate in 
Bos well's Begiment of Kentucky 
troops, serving at Port Meigs. Subse- 



quently graduated at the New York 
University ; settled in Hopkinsville, 
Kentucky, in 1822 ; and subsequently to 
his service in Congress, removed to Bur- 
lington, Iowa. 

Henry, Mohert JP. — Born in Scott 
County, Kentucky, November 24, 1788; 
graduated at the University of Tran- 
sylvania; studied law with Henry Clay, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1809 ; 
served that year as Prosecuting Attor- 
ney for his district ; served in the war 
of 1812 as an aide-de-camp to his father, 
Major-General William Henry; subse- 
quently settled in Christian County, and 
became Prosecuting Attorney for that 
circuit ; was a Director of the Princeton 
Branch of the Commonwealth Bank ; 
and was elected a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, for the term from 
1823 to 1827. As a member of the Com- 
mittee on Roads and Canals, he obtained 
the first appropriation ever granted for 
improving the Mississippi Eiver. While 
in Congress he received the appoint- 
ment of Judge of the Court of Appeals, 
which he declined ; and he died of fever 
August 25, 1826, before the expiration 
of his term in Congress. 

Henry, Thomas. — Born in Ire- 
land in 1785. He served his adopted 
State in Congress from 1837 to 1843. 
Died in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, 
February 27, 1849. 

Henry, William. — He was born 

in New Hampshire, and having settled 
in Vermont, devoted himself to mercan- 
tile pursuits. Was for many years 
Cashier of the Bank of Bellows Falls, 
where he resides ; was elected a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Vermont, 
from 1847 to 1853, accomplishing much 
work as a member of several commit- 
tees. 

Herbert, John C. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1815 to 1819. 

Herbert, Philip T. — Born in Ala- 
bama, and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from California, from 1855 to 1857. 

Hereford, Jedediah. — He was 

born in Vermont, and having removed 
to New York, was elected a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1851 to 1853. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



181 



HerMiner, John. — Born in Herki- 
mer County, New York, in 1773 ; was 
for many years a Judge of the Circuit 
Court ; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1817 to 
1819, and again from 1823 to 1825. Died 
at Danube, New York, June 8, 1845. 

Hernandez, Joseph M. — He was 

one of the prominent Spanish citizens 
who remained in the Territory of Flo- 
rida at the time of its transfer to .the 
United States. He was the first Dek^- 
gate to Congress, from Florida, and sub- 
sequently a leading member and pre- 
siding officer of the Territorial Legisla- 
ture. At the breaking out of the Indian 
hostilities, he was made a Brigadier- 
General in the United States service. 
He was a man of refined and elegant 
manners ; resided at St. Augustine; and 
died near Matanzas, Cuba, June 8, 1857, 
at an advanced age. 

Herod, Williatn. — He was a Ee- 

presentative in Congress, from Indiana, 
from 1837 to 1839. 

HerricTc, A^nson, — He was born in 
Lewiston, Maine, January 21, 1812; re- 
ceived a common school education ; at 
the age of fifteen years he was appren- 
ticed to the business of a printer ; set- 
tled in New York City in 1836, and con- 
tinued in the same employment until 
1838, when he commenced the publica- 
tion of a weekly journal, now called the 
New York Atlas, of which he has since 
been the editor and proprietor. In 1853 
he was chosen one of the Aldermen of 
the city, and served three years, and by 
President Buchanan he was appointed 
Naval Storekeeper for New York, which 
he held until 1861. In 1862 he was 
elected Representative, from New York, 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
on the Committees on Revolutionary 
Pensions, and Expenditures in the Navy 
Department. Ebenezer Herrick, who 
served in Congress from 1821 to 1827, 
was his father. 

Herrich, Ebenezer.— He was born 
in Lincoln County, Maine, and was a 
RepresentativeinCongress, from Maine, 
from 1821 to 1827, and died at Lewiston, 
in that State, May 7, 1839. In 1820 he 
held the office of Secretary of the State 
Senate, and was a State Senator in 1828 
and 1829. 



HerricTc, Joshua. — He was born 

in Beverly, Essex County, Massachu- 
setts, in 1794; received a common school 
education ; removed to Maine, and be- 
came a Sheriff in that State ; was Col- 
lector of the Port of Kennebunk from 
1829 to 1841 ; was Chairman of a Board 
of County Commissioners from 1842 to 
1843 ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1843 to 1845, 
serving on the Committees on Naval 
Affairs, and Accounts. He was again 
Collector of Kennebunk from 1847 to 
1849 ; and from 1850 to 1857 he was Re- 
gister of Probate for York County, 
State of Maine. 

Herrick, Richard P. — Born in 
1791 ; a man of remarkable business en- 
terprise ; and a member of Congress, 
from New York, from 1845 to the time 
of his death, which occurred at Wash- 
ington, June 22, 1846. 

Herrick, Samuel. — He was born 
in Dutchess County, New York, April 
14, 1779. He read law at Carlisle, 
Pennsylvania, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1805 ; in 1810 he settled at Zanes- 
ville, Ohio, and was appointed Collec- 
tor of Taxes for that county ; soon af- 
terwards, Prosecuting Attorney for the 
same county ; and soon after that, 
by President Madison, was appointed 
United States District Attorney for 
Ohio ; in 1812 he was appointed one of 
a Board of Commissioners, for settling 
the Northwestern boundary line ; in 
the autumn of that year, he succeeded 
Lewis Cass as Prosecuting Attorney for 
Muskingum County ; in 1814 he was 
appointed to the same office in Licking 
County ; and he was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1817 to 1821. After 
his second election, his seat was con- 
tested by Charles Hammond, but the 
House sustained his claim. He was a 
Presidential Elector in 1828, and in 
1829 was appointed, by President Jack- 
son, United States District Attorney 
for Ohio. The remainder of his life 
was spent in retirement, and he died in 
December, 1851. 

Heyivaf'd, William H. — He 

graduated at Princeton College in 1808, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Maryland, from 1823 to 1825. 

Hihbard, Henry. — He was born 
in Vermont, graduated at Dartmouth 



182 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



College in 1835 ; was Assistant Clerk of 
the New Hampshire House of Eepre- 
sentatives in 1839 ; Clerk of the same 
from 1840 to 1843 ; Speaker of the House 
in 1844 and 1845 ; in the State Senate 
from 1846 to 1849, officiating two years 
as President ; and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from New Hampshire, 
from 1849 to 1855. 

Hibshnian, Jacob. — He was born 
in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and was a 
Kepresentative in Congress, from that. 
State, from 1819 to 1821. 

Hickman, tToJm. — Born in Ches- 
ter County, Pennsylvania, near the 
Brandywine battle-ground, September 
11, 1810; received a thorough mathe- 
matical and classical education ; com- 
menced the study of medicine, but find- 
ing his health too feeble for the dissect- 
ing-room, he studied law and was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1833. In 1845 he was 
appointed District Attorney for Ches- 
ter County, holding the office fifteen 
months ; in 1854 he was elected a Kepre- 
sentative, from Pennsylvania, to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Elections ; re-elected to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as 
Chairman of the Committee on Kevolu- 
tionary Pensions ; to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, and was Chairman of the Ju- 
diciary Committee ; and to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, again serving as 
Chairman of the Judiciary Committee. 
He declined a re-election to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress. 

Hicks, Thomas H. — He was born 
in Maryland ; frequently served in the 
Legislature of that State ; was Governor 
thereof, from 1858 to 1862 ; and was 
elected a Senator in Congress, in the 
place of James A. Pearce, deceased, 
taking his seat during the third session 
of the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was 
re-elected for the term ending in 1867, 
serving on the Committee on Naval 
Affairs, and that on Claims. 

Hiester, Isaac E. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1853 to 1855. He was the son of 
William Heister, M. C, but changed 
the spelling of his name. 

Higby, William. — Was born in Es- 
sex County, Vermont, August 18, 1813; 



spent his boyhood on a farm, and subse- 
quently engaged in the lumber and iron 
business ; graduated at the University 
of Vermont in 1840 ; adopted the profes- 
sion of law, which he practised in his 
native county until 1850 ; during that 
year he emigrated to California, and 
was District Attorney of Calaveras 
County, from 1853 to 1859 ; in 1862 he 
was a member of the State Senate ; and 
in 1863 was elected a Kepresentative, 
fro;xi California, to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committees on 
Public Lands, and Expenditures in the 
Navy Department. 

Hill, Clement S. — Born in Ken- 
tucky, and was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

Hill, Hugh L. W^.— Born in Ten- 
nessee, and was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. 

Hill, Isaac. — Born in Somerville, 
Massachusetts, April 6, 1788. In 1798 
his parents removed to a farm in Ash- 
burnham, Massachusetts ; his education 
was exceedingly limited, and at the 
age of fourteen he was apprenticed in a 
printing-office, and in 1809, at the ex- 
piration of his apprenticeship, he went 
to Concord, New Hampshire, and pur- 
chased the American Patriot, which 
was afterwards issued as The New 
Hampshire Patriot,' and became a paper 
of immense circulation and influence 
during the twenty years of his editor- 
ship. During that time he was twice 
chosen Clerk of the State Senate ; was 
once a Representative in the Legislature, 
and was elected a member of the State 
Senate in 1820, 1821, 1822, and 1827. 
In 1828 he was a candidate for the 
United States Senate, but not elected. 
In 1829 he was appointed, by President 
Jackson, Second Comptroller of the 
Treasury, and held the office until April, 
1830. He returned to New Hampshire, 
and was elected by the Legislature 
United States Senator for six years, 
from 1831. In 1836 he resigned his 
senatorship, being elected Grovernor of 
New Hampshire, and re-elected in 1837 
and 1838. In 1840 he was appointed by 
President Van Bur en, Sub-Treasurer 
at Boston, and in that year established, 
in connection with his two oldest sons. 
Hill's New Hampshire Patriot, which 
they published and edited until 1847, 
when that paper was united with the 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



183 



Patriot. He also published the Far- 
mers' Monthly Visitor, an agricultural 
paper, for ten years ; and during the 
last fifteen years of his life, devoted 
much attention to agriculture. He died 
in Washington, District of Columbia, 
March 22, 1851. 

Hillf tTohn. — He was born in Vir- 
ginia, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 
1841. 

Hill, John. — Born in Stokes Coun- 
ty, North Carolina, served many years 
in the Legislature of the State ; was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from 1839 
to 1841, and in 1850 held the position 
of Reading Clerk in the State Senate. 

Hill, Joshua. — Born in Abbeville 
District, South Carolina, January 10, 
1812 ; he had not a collegiate education, 
but studied law as a profession. He 
was elected a Eepresentative to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from Georgia, 
and was a member of the Committee on 
Public Lands. Ee-elected to the Thir- 
ty-sixth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Foreign Affairs. Resigned in 
February, 1861 , and returned to Georgia. 

Hill, Mark L. — He was born in 
Biddeford, Maine, June 30, 1772. From 
the year 1792 to the close of his life, he 
had been almost constantly in the exer- 
cise of some public employment, either 
by popular election or executive ap- 
pointment. Though denied the advan- 
tages of a liberal education, he succeed- 
ed, by assiduous self-culture, in making 
himself useful to his country, and gain- 
ing honor to himself in the various 
posts of high responsibility to which he 
was successively elevated. He was, at 
various periods, a member of the Senate 
and House of Representatives of Massa- 
chusetts, a Judge of the Court of Com- 
mon Pleas, member of Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1819 to 1821, and 
from Maine, from 1821 to 1823 ; Post- 
master at Phippsburg, Maine, Collector 
of the Port at Bath, and held several 
other town and county offices. He was 
one of the Overseers of Bowdoin Col- 
lege from the first, until 1821, when he 
became a Trustee, in which office he 
continued till his decease, and during 
the whole period of forty-nine years, 
regularly attended every meeting ex- 
cept one. He died at Phippsburg, Maine, 



November 26, 1842, in the seventy-first 
year of his age. 

Hill, Thomas. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1824 
to 1826. 

Hill, William H. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from North 
Carolina, from 1799 to 1803, and he was 
also appointed Judge of the United 
States District Court for the District of 
North Carolina. He died in 1809. 

Hillen, Solotnon, Jr. — He was 

born in Maryland, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1839 to 1841. 

Hillhouse, James. — He was born 
at Montville, Connecticut, October 21, 
1754; graduated at Yale College in 
1773 ; after due preparation, entered 
upon the practice of law ; took an ac- 
tive part in the Revolutionary struggle, 
and when New Haven was invaded by 
the British, was commander of the Go- 
vernor's Guards. He became a Repre- 
sentative in Congress in 1791, and three 
years afterwards he was chosen a Sena- 
tor of the United States, from Connec- 
ticut, and continued a distinguished 
member for sixteen years ; and in the 
Sixth Congress was President pro tern. 
of the Senate. In 1810 he resigned his 
seat in the Senate, and took the office of 
Commissioner of the School Fund of 
Connecticut, which he managed with 
great ability and fidelity for fifteen 
years ; and in 1825 he undertook to 
conduct the construction of the Farm- 
ington and Hampshire Canal. He was 
chosen Treasurer of Yale College in 
1782, and continued to hold the office 
until his death, having done much to 
promote the interests of that institution. 
He died at New Haven, December 29, 
1832. 

Hilliarcl, Henry W. — He was 

born in North Carolina, but spent his 
boyhood in South Carolina, at the Col- 
lege of which State he graduated. He 
studied law, and settled in Georgia, but 
in 1836 became a citizen of Alabama, 
occupying for several years a professor- 
ship in the University of that State. In 
1838 he was elected to the State Legis- 
lature, and in 1840 a Presidential Elec- 
tor. In 1842 he was appointed, by 



184 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



President Tyler, Minister to Belgium ; 
and was a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from Alabama, from 1843 to 1851. He 
was also a Kegent of the Smithsonian 
Institution, and devoted some attention 
to the pursuits of literature. A volume 
of his speeches was published in 1855. 

Hilly er, Junius. — He was born in 
Wilkes County, Georgia, April 23, 1807 ; 
graduated at the State University at 
Athens in 1828; having studied his pro- 
fession while in college, he was admitted 
to the bar within one week after gradu- 
ating ; in 1834 he was elected by the 
Legislature Solicitor-G-eneral for the 
Western District of the State ; and he 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Georgia, from 1851 to 1855, during his 
second term serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Private Land Claims. 
In 1857 he was appointed, by President 
Buchanan, Solicitor of the United States 
Treasury. 

Hindwian, Thomas C — He was 

born in Tennessee, in 1818 ; served in 
the Mexican war as a Second Lieuten- 
ant of Mississippi volunteers ; and was 
a Eepresentative, from Arkansas, to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress ; was re-elected 
to the Thirty-seventh, but when the Ee- 
bellion broke out he entered the Con- 
federate service, and was at once made 
a Brigadier-General, and subsequently 
a Major-General ; and he died in 1863. 

Hindman, William. — He was a 

Delegate, from Maryland, to the Conti- 
nental Congress ; a Representative in 
Congress, from 1792 to 1799 ; and a Se- 
nator in Congress during the years 1800 
and 1801. He died January 26, 1822. 

Hinds, Thomas. — Born about the 

year 1775 ; was a distinguished officer 
in the battle of New Orleans ; and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Missis- 
sippi, from 1828 to 1831. He died in 
Jefferson County, Mississippi, August 
23, 1840. 

Hines, Richard. — He was born in 
North Carolina, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from North Carolina, 
from 1825 to 1827. 

Hitchcock, Peter. — Born in Che- 
shire, Connecticut, October 19, 1780; 
and graduated at Yale College in 1801. 
He was admitted to the bar in 1804, and 



commenced the practice of law in his 
native town. In 1806 he removed to 
Geauga County, Ohio, and in 1810 he 
was elected to the General Assembly of 
that State ; from 1812 to 1816 he was a 
member of the State Senate, and Presi- 
dent of that body one session. He was 
a Representative in Congress, from 1817 
to 1819, and then chosen Judge of the 
Supreme Court of Ohio, for seven years ; 
was re-elected to the same office in 1826, 
and retired from the bench in 1852, 
after a judicial service of twenty-eight 
years ; having been for a portion of that 
time Chief Justice. From 1833 to 1835 
he was again a member of the State 
Senate, and once again President. In' 
1850 he was a Delegate to the Constitu- 
tional Convention of the State. He 
died in Painesville, Ohio, May 11, 1853. 

Hoagland, Moses. — He was born 
in Ohio, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 
1851. 

Hoar, Samuel. — Born in Lincoln, 

Massachusetts, May 18_, 1788. He gra- 
duated at Cambridge in 1802, and was 
for two years thereafter a private tutor 
in Virginia. He studied law with Arte- 
mas Ward, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1805, and opened an office in Con- 
cord. He soon attained high rank, and 
was for forty years one of the most emi- 
nent and successful practitioners in Mid- 
dlesex County, as well as in the whole 
State. He was a member of the Con- 
vention for revising the State Constitu- 
tion in 1820 ; State Senator in 1825 and 
1833 ; member of the Executive Coun- 
cil in 1845 and 1846 ; State Representa- 
tive in 1850 ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from 1835 to 1837. In 1844 
he was appointed by the Legislature of 
Massachusetts to proceed to South Ca- 
rolina and aid the colored citizens of 
Massachusetts, imprisoned by the au- 
thorities of South Carolina, by testing, 
in the courts of the United States, the 
constitutionality of the acts of South 
Carolina, authorizing the imprisonment 
of colored persons who should enter 
that State. His appearance in Charles- 
ton caused great excitement, and he 
was expelled from that city by its citi- 
zens, December 5, 1844; the Legislature 
having passed resolutions on that day 
authorizing the Governor to expel him. 
He was a member of various religious 
and charitable societies, of the American 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



185 



Academy of Arts and Sciences, of the 
Massachusetts Historical Society, and, 
at the time of liis death, one of the Over- 
seers of Harvard College ; the degree of 
Doctor of Laws having, in 1838, been 
conferred upon him by tlaat institxftion. 
He died in Concord, Massachusetts, 
November 2, 1856. 

Hoard, Charles B. — Born in 
Springfield, Vermont, June 28, 1805; 
he was a mechanic, and for several years 
in early life a clerk in a private land 
office at Antwerp, New York. He was 
Postmaster under Presidents Jackson 
and Van Buren ; Justice of the Peace 
for several years ; a member of the 
Legislature of New York in 1838, and 
County Clerk of Jefferson County, New 
York, in 1844, 1845, and 1846. He has 
been an active politician, and was elected 
a Representative to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
Expenditures in the State Department. 
He was also re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Claims. 

Hohart, Aaron. — He was born in 
Abington, Plymouth County, Massa- 
chusetts, June 26, 1787; graduated at 
Brown University in 1805 ; adopted the 
profession of law ; served in the State 
Senate ; as a State Councillor ; was Judge 
of Probate ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 
1821 to 1827. Died at East Bridgewa- 
ter, September 19, 1858. 

Hobart, John Sloss. — He gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1757 ; was 
Judge of the District Court of New 
York, and held several important sta- 
tions in that State during the Revolu- 
tionary war ; after which he was ap- 
pointed one of the three Judges of the 
Supreme Court. He was elected a mem- 
ber of the United States Senate for the 
term commencing January, 1798, but 
resigned May 5, not having taken his 
seat, and was then appointed Judge of 
the United States District Court of New 
York. He died February 4, 1805, aged 
sixty-six. 

Hobbie, Selah It. — Born in New- 
burg, New York, March 10, 1797, and 
at an early day established himself at 
Delhi, Delaware County, in the prac- 
tice of law, where he was soon appointed 
District Attorney and Brigade Major 



and Inspector. He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1827 to 1829, 
when, on the accession of General Jack- 
son to the Presidency, he was appointed 
Assistant Postmaster-General, which he 
held until 1850, when he retired on ac- 
count of ill health, but assumed the 
duties of the office under President 
Pierce. He died in Washington, Dis- 
trict of Columbia, March 23, 1854. 

Hodges, CJiarles H. — He was 

elected a Representative in Congress, 
from Illinois, and took his seat during 
the second session of the Thirty-fifth 
Congress. 

Hodges, George T. — He was born 
in Clarendon, Vermont, July 4, 1789; 
he was bred to active business, and was 
a merchant in Rutland for many years; 
served frequently in both Houses of the 
State Legislature ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Vermont, 
during the second session of the Thirty- 
fourth Congress. Eor more than a 
quarter of a century he was President 
of the Bank of Rutland ; was a large 
contributor to the success of the Bur- 
lington Railroad, and a warm supporter 
of the Vermont Agricultural Society. 
Died at Rutland, September 9, 1860. 

Hodges, James L. — He was a 

State Senator in 1823 and 1824, and a 
Representative in Congress, from Mas- 
sachusetts, from 1827 to 1831. He died 
March 8, 1846, aged fifty-six years. 

Hoffman, Henry W. — He was 

born in Maryland, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1855 to 1857. 

Hoffman, Martin. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1825 to 1829. 

Hoffman, Michael. — Born in the 
town of Clifton Park, Saratoga County, 
New York, in 1788. He was educated 
as a physician, but afterwards studied 
law, and settled in Herkimer County, 
where he occupied a high position. He 
was elected to Congress in 1824, and 
continued a member for eight years, 
serving a portion of the time as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Naval Af- 
fairs. He was appointed a Canal Com- 
missioner for the State of New York, 
wrote several able reports, and resigned 



13 



186 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



the office in 1835. In 1841 he went into 
the House of Assembly, from Herkimer 
County, and accomplished much good 
for the service and credit of his State. 
He was also a Delegate to the Consti- 
tutional Convention of 1846, and was 
Naval Officer in the city of New York ; 
he was a powerful and effective debater, 
and, as a man, unselfish and of high 
character. He died at Brooklyn, Sep- 
tember 27, 1848. 

Hoffman, Ogden. — He was born, 
in New York City in 1794, and gra- 
duated at Columbia College in 1812 ; he 
soon after entered the navy as a mid- 
shipman, but in three years he resigned, 
and studied law. He commenced to 
practise in Orange County, and was 
appointed District Attorney, but re- 
moved to New York City in 1826, and 
was a partner of Hugh Maxwell, and 
became eminently successful in his pro- 
fession. In 1828 he was a Eepresenta- 
tive in the Legislature; from 1829 to 
1835 was District Attorney ; and was 
appointed United States District Attor- 
ney by President Harrison. From 1837 
to 1841 he was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Foreign Affairs ; he was 
re-elected in 1848, and in 1854 was ap- 
pointed Attorney-General of the State. 
He was remarkable for his eloquence 
and learning ; and for more than a 
quarter of a century occupied a high 
position at the bar of New York. He 
died in that city, May 1, 1856. 

Hogan, William. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1831 to 1833. 

Hoge, John. — He was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1804 to 1805. 

Hoge, Joseph JR. — He was born in 
Ohio, and, having removed to Illinois, 
was elected a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. 

Hoge, William. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1801 to 1804, and again from 
1807 to 1809. 

Hogeboom, J. L. — He was a mem- 
ber of the New York Constitutional 
Convention of 1821, and was a Eepre- 



sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1823 to 1825. 

Hogg, Samuel. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, 
from»1817 to 1819. 

Holcomb, George. — Born in Hun- 
terdon County, New Jersey ; gradu- 
ated at Princeton College in 1805 ; was 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1821 to 1828, and died 
January 14, 1828. 

Holladay, Alexander R. — He 

was born in Virginia, and was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1849 to 1853, and was Chairman, 
during his first term, of the Committee 
on Expenditures in the Navy Depart- 
ment. 

Holland, Cornelius. — Born July 
9, 1782 ; established himself as a physi- 
cian at Canton, Maine; was a member 
of the Maine Constitutional Convention 
of 1819 ; a member of the State Legis- 
lature in 1820 and 1821 ; and a State 
Senator in 1822, 1825, and 1826. He 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
Maine, from 1831 to 1833, serving on 
the Committee on Elections, as well as 
on the Committee of Eepresentation 
under the Fifth Census. 

Holland, James. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from North 
Carolina, from 1795 to 1797, and again 
from 1801 to 1811. 

Holleman, Joel. — Born in the 
County of Isle of Wight, Virginia, 
October 1, 1799; was educated at Cha- 
pel Hill, North Carolina; taught school 
for some years, and then studied law, 
in the practice of which he was success- 
ful ; and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1839 to 1840, 
when he resigned, "because he could 
not represent the feelings and wishes of 
a majority of his constituents." He 
was subsequently in the State Legisla- 
ture for several years, and Speaker of 
the House when he died, August, 1844. 

Holley, John M. — He graduated 
at Yale College in 1822 ; was a member 
of the New York Assembly, from 1838 
to 1841 ; and elected a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from New York, from 
1847 to 1848. He died at Jacksonville, 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



187 



Florida, March 8, 1848, before the ex- 
piration of his term. 

Hoi man, Williani S. — Born in 

Verdstown, Indiana, September 6, 1822; 
received a good English education at 
common schools ; adopted the profes- 
sion of law ; was a member of the Con- 
vention to revise the Constitution of 
Indiana in 1850 ; was a member of the^ 
State Legislature in 1851 ; was a Judge 
of the Court of Common Pleas from 
1852 to 1856 ; and was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Indiana, to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Eevolutionary Claims. 
Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on 
Claims ; and he was also re-elected to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Claims. 

Holmes, Elias B.— Born in Flet- 
cher, Vermont, May 27, 1807. He 
commenced life as a teacher, and at the 
age of twenty emigrated to Monroe 
County, New York, where he studied 
law, and was admitted to practice in 
1830. He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1845 to 
1849. 

Holmes, Gabriel. — Born in Samp- 
son County, North Carolina ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from North 
Carolina, from 1825 to 1829. Educated 
at Harvard University, and was a law- 
yer by profession. He was in the State 
Senate in 1807, and Governor of the 
State in 1821. He died September 26, 
1829, in Sampson County. North Caro- 
lina, aged sixty-five years. 

Holmes, Isauc E. — Born in 
Charleston, South Carolina, April 5, 
1796 ; educated at the best schools of 
his native city, and graduated with 
honors, at Yale College, in 1815 ; he 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1818, in Charleston. He was one 
of the originators of the " South Caro- 
lina Association;" and was elected to 
the State Legislature in 1826. For a 
time he devoted himself to planting, 
but his most distinguished public ser- 
vice was as a Representative in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 1839 
to 1851, during which period he served 
with ability at the head of the Commit- 
tees of Commerce, and the Navy, and 
also on that for Foreign Aflairs. He 



subsequently took up his residence in 
California. 

Holmes, John, — He was born on 
Cape Cod in March, 1773 ; graduated at 
Brown University in 1796; studied law, 
and commenced the practice in Alfred, 
Maine, in 1799; was a member of the 
Massachusetts Legislature in 1802 and 
1808, and State Senator from 1813 to 
1817; was a Boundary Commissioner 
under the Treaty of 1815 ; was a mem- 
ber of the Convention to form the Con- 
stitution of Maine, and Chairman of the 
Committee that drafted the document in 
1820 ; having been a Representative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, from 
1817 to 1820; and he was a Senator in 
Congress, from Maine, from 1820 to 
1833. For a part of 1829, and from 1835 
to 1838, he was a member of the Maine 
Legislature ; and he was United States 
District Attornej', for Maine, from 1841 
till his death, which occurred at Port- 
land, July 7, 1843. He was a prominent 
member of the bar for forty years, and 
distinguished for his eloquence and wit. 

Holmes, Uriel, — He graduated at 
Yale College in 1784, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Connecticut, 
from 1817 to 1818, when he resigned. 
He died in 1827. 

Holsey, Hopkins, — He was born 
in Virginia in 1799, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Georgia, 
from 1837 to 1839. He subsequently 
edited the Athens Banner, and filled a 
large space in the politics of Georgia. 
Died in Columbus, Georgia, March 31, 
1859. 

Holt, Orrin, — He was born in Con- 
necticut, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, in 1836, to 
fill an unexpired term, and from 1837 to 
1839. 

Holten, Samuel. — Born in Dan- 
vers, Massachusetts, June 9, 1738, and 
was bred a physician. During the Re- 
volution he zealously espoused the cause 
of his country, and was a member of the 
old Congress from 1778 to 1787, officiat- 
ing, at one time, as its President. He 
was a Representative, under the Consti- 
tution, from 1793 to 1795; and spent the 
closing years of his life as Judge of Pro- 
bate for Essex County, and died Janu- 
ary 2, 1816. 



188 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Hook, Enos. — He was born in Penn- 
sylvania, and was a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 
1841. 

Moohs, Charles.— Born in Bertie 
County, North Carolina, served for 
many years in the State Legislature, and 
was a Representative in Congress during 
the years 1816 and 1817, and from 1819 
to 1825. He subsequently removed to 
Alabama, where he died in 1851. 

Mooper, Samuel. — Was born in 
Marblehead, Massachvisetts, February 
3, 1808 ; received his education in that 
town ; spent four years in a counting- 
room in Boston ; subsequently made re- 
peated visits to Europe and the West 
Indies, attending to commercial busi- 
ness ; and in 1832 settled finally in Bos- 
ton as a merchant, chiefly engaged in 
the China trade, the last house of which 
he formed a part having long been 
known as William Appleton & Co. In 
1851 he was ehcted to the State House 
of Representatives, served three years, 
and declined a re-election ; in 1857 was 
elected to the State Senate, and declined 
to serve a second term ; in 1861 he was 
elected a Representative, from Massa- 
chusetts, to fill the vacancy caused by 
the resignation of William Appleton in 
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
the Committee of Ways and Means ; 
and in 1862 he was re-elected to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
same Committee. 

Hooper, W. H.—Bovn in Cam- 
bridge, Dorchester County, Maryland, 
December 25, 1813; received a common 
school education ; was for several years 
a clerk in a store at Baltimore ; when 
seventeen years of age built a schooner ; 
was for some years a merchant on the 
Eastern Shore of Marj'land ; emigrated 
to Illinois in 1835, from which time, 
until 1849, he was engaged in mercantile 
pursuits and steamboating on the Mis- 
sissippi ; in 1850 he removed to Utah ; 
was a member of the Legislature, and 
Acting Secretary of the Territory ; and 
in 1859 entered Congress as a Delegate 
from the Territory of Utah. 

HopJcins, George W. — Born in 
Goochland County, Virginia, February 
22, 1804. He was educated at the " old 
field schools" of that day, and, for some 
years, alternately taught school and 



studied law. During the years 1833 and 
1834 he served in the House of Dele- 
gates, and was elected a Representative 
in Congress in 1835, and was re-elected 
until 1847, serving during one session 
as Speaker of the House of Representa- 
tives, after which he was appointed by 
President Polk Charge d 'Affaires of the 
United States to Portugal. On his re- 
ctum from Europe, in 1849, he went a 
second time into the House of Delegates 
of Virginia, and was elected Speaker of 
the House. He was subsequently elected 
a Judge of the Circuit Court, and, in 
1857, was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Foreign Relations. Died 
March 2, 1861, at which time he was a 
member of the Virginia Legislature. 

Hopkins, Samuel. — He was born 
in Albemarle County, Virginia. He 
served with distinction in the Revolu- 
tionary war, having fought at Princeton, 
Trenton, Monmouth, Brandywine, and 
G-ermantown, and also as Lieutenant- 
Colonel of a Virginia regiment at the 
siege of Charleston. He removed to 
Kentucky in 1797, and served a number 
of years in the State Legislature ; in 
1812 led two thousand troops against 
the Kickapoo Indians ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1813 to 1815. He died at 
an advanced age in October, 1819. 

Hopkins, Samuel M. — He gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1791, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1813 to 1815. He was an 
eminent lawyer, and much respected as 
a philanthropist and a Christian. He 
died at Geneva, New York, October 8, 
1837, aged sixty-five years. 

Hopkinsons) Joseph. — Born in 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 
12, 1770; was educated at the University 
of his native State, from which institu- 
tion, as well as from Nassau Hall and 
Harvard University, he subsequenty re- 
ceived the degree of LL.D. He studied 
law, and commenced to practise at the 
age of twenty, at Easton, and afterwards 
at Philadelphia, and became eminent in 
his profession. He was the leading 
counsel of Dr. Rush in his famous suit 
against William Cobbett, in 1799, and 
was also engaged by Judge Chase in his 
impeachment case before the United 
States Senate. In 1815 he was a Repre- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



189 



sentative in Congress, and served until 
1819, after which he resided in Borden- 
town, New Jersey, until appointed by 
President John Quincy Adams Judge 
of the District Court of the United 
States for the Eastern District of Penn- 
sylvania, when he returned to Philadel- 
phia, and held this office until his death. 
In 1837 he was a member of the Consti- 
tutional Convention of the State ; was 
one of the Trustees of the University of 
Pennsylvania ; was President of the 
Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts, 
and Vice-President of the American 
Philosophical Society. He published 
many interesting addresses, and wrote 
the song "Hail, Columbia." He died 
at Philadelphia, January 15, 1842. 

Horn, Henry. — He was a *Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1831 to 1833. 

Hornbeck, tJohn W. — He was a 

member of the House of Representatives 
in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1847 to" 1848, and died at Allentown, 
Pennsylvania, January 16, 1848. 

Horsey, Outerbridye. — He was 

a native of Delaware, and born in 1777 ; 
after completing his classical education , 
he studied law, under Honorable James 
A. Bayard, and rose to eminence in his 
profession. He was for many years 
Attorney-General of the State, and was 
a Senator in Congress, from Delaware, 
from 1810 to 1821. He died at Need- 
wood, Maryland, June 9, 1842. 

Horton, Ttionias It. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1855 
to 1857. 

Horton, Valentine ^.— He was 

born at Windsor, Vermont, January 
29, 1802 ; was educated at Partridge's 
Military Academy, in that State ; and 
after that institution was removed to 
Middletown, Connecticut, he became a 
teacher therein. He studied law at 
Middletown, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1880, after which he removed to 
and practised his profession in Pitts- 
burg. He removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, 
in 1833, where he followed his profes- 
sion for two years, and in 1835 remove^l 
to Pomeroy, Ohio, his present residence, 
where he engaged in mining and manu- 
facturing. He was a member of the 



Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1850, 
and in 1854 he was elected a Represen- 
tative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, 
and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, 
his business affairs causing him to de- 
cline a nomination for the next Con- 
gress. He was, however, re-elected to 
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
on the Committee of Ways and Means. 
In 1861 he was a member of the Peace 
Congress, held in Washington. 

Hosnier, Hezehiah L. — He was 

a Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1797 to 1799. 

Hostetter, Jacob. — He was born in 
York, Pennsylvania, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1819 to 1821. 

HotchMss, Guiles W. — A lawyer 
by profession ; and in 1862lie was elect- 
ed a Representative, from New York, 
to the Thirtj^-eighth Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committees on 
Claims, and on Private Land Claims. 

Honck, Jacob, Jr. — He was born 

in New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1841 to 1843. 

Houyh, David. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Hamp- 
shire, from 1803 to 1807. 

Houyh, William J. — He was born 
in New York ; served in the Assembly 
of that State, in 1835 and 1836; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1845 to 1847. 

Houston, GeoryeS. — He was born 
in Williamson County, Tennessee, Ja- 
nuary 17, 1811, but removed, when quite 
young, to the Fifth Congressional Dis- 
trict of Alabama, where he was edu- 
cated, and has since resided. Soon af- 
ter attaining the age of twenty-one, he 
was admitted to the bar, and elected to 
the Alabama Legislature, and served 
two sessions ; he was also, for a time. 
Attorney for the State, or Solicitor ; 
and was a second time elected to the 
Legislature. He was elected a Repre- 
sentative to Congress, in 1841, and con- 
tinued to serve, by successive elections, 
until 1849, when he voluntarily retired, 
for the purpose of resuming the practice 
of law. He was again elected to Congress, 
in 1851, and subsequently re-elected, 



190 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



serving on several of theleading commit- 
tees, and officiating during the Thirty- 
fifth Congress as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on the Judiciary ; having, during 
a former session, acted as Chairman of 
the Committee of Ways and Means. Ee- 
signed in February, 1861. 

Houston, John )F.— Born in Sus- 
sex County, Delaware ; studied at New- 
ark Academy, and graduated at Tale 
College in 1834. He studied law with 
Hon. John M. Clayton, and was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1837. He was Secre- 
tary of State in 1841 ; and a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Delaware, from 
1845 to 1851. He was a Delegate to the 
Peace Congress of 1861. 

Houston, Sam. — Born in Rock- 
bridge County, Virginia, March 2, 1793. 
He lost his father when quite young, 
and his mother removed with her family 
to the banks of the Tennessee, at that 
time the limit of civilization. Here he 
received but a scanty education ; he 
passed several years among the Chero- 
kee Indians, and in fact, through all his 
life, he seems to have held opinions 
with Eousseau, and retained a predilec- 
tion for life in the wilderness. After 
having served for a time as clerk to a 
country trader, and kept a school, in 
1813 he enlisted in the army, and served 
under General Jackson, in the war with 
the Creek Indians. He distinguished 
himself on several occasions, and at the 
conclusion of the war he had risen to the 
rank of Lieutenant, but soon resigned 
his commission, and commenced the 
study of law at Nashville. It was about 
this time that he began his political 
life. After holding several minor offices 
in Tennessee, he was, in 1823, elected 
to Congress, and continued a member 
of that body until, in 1827, he became 
Grovernor of Tennessee. In 1829, before 
the expiration of his gubernatorial term, 
he resigned his office, and went to take 
up his abode among the Cherokees in 
Arkansas. During his residence among 
the Indians, he became acquainted with 
the frauds practised upon them by the 
governnaent agents, and undertook a 
mission to Washington for the purpose 
of exposing them. In the execution of 
this project, he met with but little suc- 
cess ; he became involved in lawsuits, 
and returned to his Indian friends. 
During a visit to Texas, he was request- 
ed to allow his name to be used in the 



canvass, for a Convention which was to 
meet to form a Constitution for Texas, 
prior to its admission into the Mexican 
Union. He consented, and was unani- 
mously elected. The Constitution drawn 
up by the Convention was rejected by 
Santa Anna, at that time in power, and 
the disaffection of the Texans caused 
thereby was still further heightened by 
a demand upon them to give up their 
arms. They determined upon a resist- 
ance ; a militia was organized, and 
Austin, the founder of the colony, was 
elected commander-in-chief, in which 
office he was shortly after succeeded by 
General Houston. He conducted the 
war with vigor, and finally brought it 
to a successful termination by the battle 
of San Jacinto, which was fought in 
April, 1836. In May, 1836, he signed 
a treaty, acknowledging the indepen- 
dence of Texas, and in October of the 
same year he was inaugurated the first 
President of the Eepublic. At the end 
of his term of office, as the same person 
could not constitutionally be elected 
President twice in succession, he became 
a member of the Texas Congress. In 
1841, however, he was again elevated 
to the Presidential chair. During the 
whole time that he held that office it 
was his favorite policy to effect the an- 
nexation of Texas to the United States, 
but he retired from office before he saw 
the consummation of his wishes. In 
1846 Texas became one of the States of 
the Union, and General Houston was 
elected to the Senate, of which body he 
remained a member until the close of the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Indian Affairs. In 1859 
he was elected Governor of Texas. Died 
in Huntersville, Texas, July 25, 1863. 

Ho'ivard, Benjamin. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1807 to 1810, when he was 
appointed Governor of Indiana Terri- 
tory. He was appointed Brigadier-Ge- 
neral in the United States Army in 
1813; and was once Governor of Mis- 
souri Territory. He died at St. Louis, 
Missouri, September 18, 1814. 

Hoivard, Benjamin C. — He was 

born in Maryland ; graduated at Prince- 
ton College in 1809 ; and was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Maryland, 
from 1829 to 1833, and again from 1885 
to 1839. He was also a Delegate to the 
Peace Congress of 1861. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



191 



Howard y Jacob M. — He was born 
in Shaftsbury, Vermont, July 10, 1805; 
was educated at the Academies of Ben- 
nington and Brattleborough, and at 
"Williams College, where he graduated 
in 1830 ; studied law, and taught in an 
academy in Massachusetts for a time ; 
removed to Michigan in 1832, and came 
to the bar of that Territory in 1833 ; in 
1838 he was a member of the Legisla- 
ture of the State ; from 1841 to 1843 he 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
Michigan ; in 1854 he was elected At- 
torney-General of the State, twice re- 
elected, and serving in all six years ; and 
in 1862 he was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress, in the place of K. S. Bingham, 
deceased, for the term ending in 1865, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on the Pacific Eailroad, and as a mem- 
ber of the Committees on Military Af- 
fairs, the Judiciary, and Private Land 
Claims. 

Howard, John Eager. — He was 

born June 4, 1752, in Baltimore County, 
Maryland ; and graduated at Princeton 
College. He entered the army in 1776, as 
aCaptaininthe regimentof Colonel J. C. 
Hall ; in the following year he was pro- 
moted, till finally he succeeded to the 
command of the Second Maryland Eegi- 
ment. He was an eflicient coadjutor of 
G-reene during the campaign in the 
South, distinguishing himself at the 
battle of Cowpens, when, says Lee, "he 
seized the critical moment, and turned 
the fortune of the day ;" also at Guil- 
ford, and the Eutaws. He was in the 
engagement of White Plains, German- 
town, Monmouth, Camden, and Hob- 
kirk's Hill. Having been trained to 
the infantry service, he was remarkably 
apt at charging into close battle with 
fixed bayonet; at Cowpens this mode of 
fighting was resorted to for the first 
time in the war, and in this battle he 
had in his hands at one time the swords 
of seven officers who had surrendered to 
him personally. On this occasion he saved 
the life of the British General O'Hara, 
whom he found clinging to his stirrup 
and asking quarter. When the army was 
disbanded he retired to his patrimonial 
estate near Baltimore. In 1788 he was 
chosen Governor of Maryland, and held 
the ofl[ice three years. He was a Sena- 
tor of the United States, from Mary- 
land, from 1796 to 1803, and was Presi- 
dent pro tern, of the Senate in the Sixth 
Congress. He died October 12, 1827. 



Howard, Tilghman ^. — Born 

near Pickensville, South Carolina, No- 
vember 14, 1797. He received a limited 
education, and commenced active life as 
a clerk in a store, and as a schoolmaster ; 
removed to Tennessee and devoted him- 
self to the law ; when twenty-seven 
years of age was elected a member of 
the Tennessee Legislature ; was a Jack- 
son Elector in 1830; during that j^ear 
removed to Indiana, and was appointed, 
by President Jackson, District Attor- 
ney for that State ; and was appointed 
Charge d 'Affaires to Texas in 1844, in 
which Eepublic he died August 16, 1844. 
His term of service as a Eepresentative 
in Congress from Indiana was from 1839 
to 1841. 

Howard, Volney E. — He was 

born in Norridgewock, Maine ; studied 
law ; emigrated to Mississippi, where he 
distinguished himself as an editor, and 
fought two duels, first with S. S. Pren- 
tiss, and next with Governor McNutt ; 
and having emigrated to Texas, was 
elected a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1849 to 1853. 

Howard, William. — Born in Vir- 
ginia, and was elected a Eepresentative, 
from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on Ee- 
visal and Unfinished Business. 

Howard, William A. — He was 

born in Vermont, and having taken up 
his residence in Michigan, was elected 
a Eepresentative, from that State, to 
the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con- 
gresses, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee of Ways and Means. Having 
contested the seat of G. B. Cooper in 
1860, he became a member of the Thirty- 
sixth Congress. In 1861 he was ap- 
pointed, by President Lincoln, Post- 
master at Detroit. 

Howe, tTohn W. — He was born in 
New Hampshire, and having settled in 
Pennsylvania, was elected a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from 1849 to 1853. 

Hoive, TJionias M. — He was born 
in Vermont, and having settled in Penn- 
sylvania, was elected a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from 1851 to 1855. He 
was for many years Cashier, and then 
President, of the Exchange Bank of 
Pittsburg. 



192 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Howe, Thomas Y., Jr. — He was 

a native of New York, and was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1851 to 1853. 

Howe, Thnothy O.— Was born in 
Livermore, Oxford County, Maine, 
February 7, 1816; received an academi- 
cal education at the Readfield Seminary ; 
studied law and was admitted to the bar 
in 1839 ; settled at Headfleld, and was 
elected to the Legislature of Maine in 
1845 ; in the latter part of that year, 
he removed to G-reen Bay, Wisconsin ; 
was elected a Circuit Judge in that 
State in 1850, holding the office until 
1855, when he resigned; and in 1861, 
he was elected a Senator in Congress, 
from Wisconsin, serving on the Commit- 
tees on Finance, Pensions, and Claims. 

Howell, Edward. — He was a mem- 
ber of the New York Assembly in 1832, 
and a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1833 to 1835. 

Howell, Ellas. — He was born in 
New Jersey, and having taken up his 
residence in Ohio, was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1835 to 
1837. 

Howell, Jeremiah B. — He was a 

Senator in Congress, from Ehode Isl- 
and, from 1811 to 1817. 

Howell, Nathaniel W. — He was 

a Kepresentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1813 to 1815, and died at 
CanaWaigua, New York, October 16, 
1851, aged eighty-one years. 

Howland, Benjaynin. — He was 

a Senator in Congress, from Rhode 
Island, from 1804 to 1809, and died 6th 
of May, 1821. 

Hubard, Edmund W. — He was 

born in Virginia, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1841 to 1847. 

Huhhard, A. B. — He was born in 
Haddam, Connecticut, January 18, 
1819 ; received a district school educa- 
tion ; removed to Indiana in 1838, and 
taught school for a time ; studied law 
and came to the bar in 1841 ; in 1847 
he was elected to the Indiana Legisla- 
ture, and served three years ; in 1857 
he removed to Iowa, and was chosen 



Judge of the Fourth Judicial District 
of that State ; and in 1862 he was elected 
a Representative, from Iowa, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs. 

Hubbard, David. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Alabama, from 1839 
to 1841, and for a second term, from 
1849 to 1851. 

Hubbard, Henry. — He was born 

in Charlestown, New Hampshire, May 
3, 1784; graduated at Dartmouth Col- 
lege in 1803 ; studied law, and com- 
inenced practice in Charlestown. He 
came early into public life. He was 
frequently a member of the State Le- 
gislature, and for some years Speaker 
of the House. He was Judge of Pro- 
bate for Sullivan County, from 1827 to 
1829 ; a Representative in Congress, 
from 1829 to 1835; and a Senator in 
Congress, from 1835 to 1841. He was 
also Grovernor of New Hampshire, in 
1842 and 1843 ; and from 1846 to 1849 
United States Assistant Treasurer in 
Boston. For a part of the time, during 
the Twenty-eighth Congress, he was 
chosen Speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives. He died at Charlestown, 
New Hampshire,- June 5, 1857. 

Hubbard, Johtt H. — He was born 
in Salisbury, Litchfield County, Con- 
necticut, in 1805 ; received a good com- 
mon school education ; studied law and 
was admitted to the bar in 1826, and 
was a regular practitioner of his pro- 
fession until 1855. For five years he 
was Attorney for the county of Litch- 
field ; was twice elected to the State 
Senate ; and early in 1863 he was elect- 
ed a Representative, from Connecticut, 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
on the Committees on Patents, and Ex- 
penditures in the Post-office Depart- 
ment. 

Hubbard, Jonathan H. — Born 
in 1768. He was one of the oldest and 
most esteemed citizens of Vermont, and 
was distinguished as a jurist ; he was a 
Representative in Congress, from 1809 
to 1811, and for many years was one of 
the Judges of the Supreme Court of 
Vermont. His death occurred where 
most of his life was spent, at Windsor, 
Vermont, September 20, 1849. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



193 



Hubbard, Levi. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1813 to 1815; a State Senator 
in 1806, 1807, 1811, and 1816 ; also for 
some years a County Treasurer ; a State 
Councillor in 1819 ; a Presidential 
Elector in 1820 and 1828 ; having also 
been in 1804 and 1805 a member of the 
State Assembly. 

Hubbard, Samuel Diclcinson. 

— Born at Middletown, Connecticut, 
August 10, 1799, and died at the same 
place, October 8, 1855. Graduated at 
Yale College in 1819, studied law, but 
did not practice, devoting himself chiefly 
to the manufacturing business. He 
served as a Eepresentative through the 
Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Congresses. 
In 1852 he was appointed Postmaster- 
General, and held the office until the 
close of President Fillmore's adminis- 
tration, after which he retired to private 
life. He was zealous in the cause of 
education, and assisted in the establish- 
ment of the City High School at Mid- 
dletown. 

Hubbard, Thomas H. — He was a 

native of New Haven, Connecticut, and 
a graduate of Yale College in 1798. He 
studied law, and settled at Hamilton, 
Madison County, New York, and was 
there Surrogate for ten years. In 1823 
he removed to Utica, and was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1817 to 1819, and from 1821 to 
1823. He was chosen Presidential Elec- 
tor in 1812, 1844, and 1852. He died 
in Utica, May 22, 1857, aged seventy- 
six years. 

Hubbell, William S. — He was 

born in New York ; was a member of 
the Assembly of that State in 1841, and 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from the 
same, from 1843 to 1845. 

Hubley, Edward B.—Fvova 1835 
to 1839, a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from Pennsj^lvania, and died February 
23, 1856, in Philadelphia. 

Hudson, Charles. — Born in Marl- 
borough, Massachusetts, November 14, 
1795. He spent his youth as a student 
in a village school, and also as a teacher, 
and at the age of twenty-one was a day 
laborer on a farm. In 1819 he was 
licensed as a preacher of the Universal- 
ist persuasion ; was a member of the 



Massachusetts Legislature from 1828 to 
1833 ; a State Senator from 1833 to 1839 ; 
a State Councillor from 1839 to 1841 ; 
and was elected to Congress in 1841, 
where he remained until 1849. He was 
subsequently appointed Naval Officer 
for Boston, Massachusetts, by the Fede- 
ral Government, serving from 1849 to 
1853. 

Huffy, Jacob. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Jersey, 
from 1809 to 1814. 

Hufjer, Benjamin. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1799 to 1805, and for a 
second term, from 1815 to 1817. 

Huger, Daniel. — He was a mem- 
ber of the Continental Congress, and a 
Eepresentative in the Congress of the 
United States, from South Carolina, 
from 1789 to 1793. 

Huger, Daniel Elliot. — Was a 

citizen of Charleston, South Carolina ; 
graduated at Princeton College in 1789 ; 
and for nearly half a century was iden- 
tified with the public service of his 
State, as a member of the Legislature, 
State Senate, and Judge of her Courts ; 
and was a Senator in Congress, from 
1843 to 1846. He died in Charleston, 
in August, 1854. 

Hughes, Charles. — He was born 
in Georgia, and having settled in New 
York, was elected a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 
1855. In 1862 he was appointed Pro- 
vost Marshal for the Sixteenth District 
of New York. 

Hughes, George W. — He was 

elected a Eepresentative, from Mary- 
land, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Expenditures in the Navy Depart- 
ment. 

Hughes, James. — He was born at 
Hampstead, Maryland, November 24, 
1823, and was educated at the State 
University of Indiana. He b; gan the 
practice of law at Bloomington, Indi- 
ana, in 1842; was appointed First Lieu- 
tenant of the 16th Eegiment of United 
States infantry, one of the ten regiments 
in the Mexican war, and served till the 
close of the war, and then returned to 



194 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



the practice of law in Bloomington. 
He was elected Circuit Judge, in 1852, 
for six years ; in 1853 was elected Pro- 
fessor of Law in the University of In- 
diana, and served three years. He was 
elected a Kepresentative, from Indiana, 
in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as 
a member of the Committee on Terri- 
tories. In 1863 he was appointed, by 
President Lincoln, a Judge of the Court 
of Claims. 

Hughes, James Jif.— He was a 

native of Kentucky, and a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from Missouri, from 
1843 to 1845. 

Hughes, Tliomas if.— He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1829 to 1833. 

Hughston, Jonas A. — He was 

born in New York, and was a Eepre- 
sentative, from that State, to the Thir- 
ty-fourth Congress. 

Huguenin, Daniel. — He was born 
in Montgomery County, New York, 
and was distinguished as an officer in 
the war of 1812, and participated in the 
stirring events on the Niagara frontier, 
and the battle of Queenstown, with 
General Scott, where he was taken pri- 
soner. He was a member of Congress, 
from New York, from 1825 to 1827, and 
a member of the New York Legislature, 
and at a later period United States 
Marshal for the Territory of Wisconsin, 
under an appointment from President 
Harrison. He died at Kenosha, Wis- 
consin, June, 1850, aged fifty-nine. 

Hulbert, John TF.— He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, from 1814 to 1817. 

Hulburd, Calvin T. — He was 

born in Stockholm, St. Lawrence Coun- 
ty, New York, June 5, 1809 ; graduated 
at Middlebury College, Vermont ; read 
law at Yale College, and adopted the 
occupation of farming ; was a member 
of the State Legislature from 1842 to 
1844, and again in 1862 ; and in the lat- 
ter year was elected a Eepresentative, 
from New York, to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
Agriculture, and as Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Expenditures. 

. Humphrey, Charles. — He was 



born in Orange County, New York, and 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1825 to 1827, and sub- 
sequently served four years in the As- 
sembly of that State, — one year as 
Speaker. He died at Albany, July 18, 
1850, aged fifty-nine years. 

Humphrey, James. — Born in 
Pairfield, Connecticut, October 9, 1811 ; 
graduated at Amherst College in 1831, 
of which his father, Eev. Heman Hum- 
phrey, was for many years President ; 
had charge, in 1832, of Plainfield Aca- 
demy, in Connecticut ; studied law, and 
settled for practice in Louisville, Ken- 
tucky, where he remained only one 
year. In 1888 he removed to the city 
of New York, where he has since prac- 
tised his profession ; and in 1858 he was 
elected a Eepresentative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Foreign Aifairs. 

Humphrey, JReuhen. — He was 

for four years a Senator in the Legisla- 
ture of New York, from Onondaga 
County, and a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1807 to 
1809. 

Hu^nphreys, Jacob. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1819 to 1821. 

Humphreys, Perry W. — He was 

a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
Tennessee, from 1813 to 1815. 

Hungerford, John P. — He was 

an officer in the Eevolutionary war, and 
a member of Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1818 to 1817. He died at Twiford, 
in Westmoreland County, December 21, 
1833, aged seventy-four years. 

Hungerford, Orville. — He was 

born in Connecticut in 1790, and was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1843 to 1847. He died at 
Watertown, April 6, 1851. 

Hunt, Hiram P. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1835 
to 1837, and again from 1889 to 1843. 

Hunt, James B, — He was a native 
of New York, and for many years law- 
partner with Michael Hofi'man. He 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



195 



removed to Michigan about the time of 
its admission into the Union, and was 
soon called to responsible public trusts. 
He was a member of Congress, from 
Michigan, from 1843 to 1847. He died 
in Washington, August 15, 1857, aged 
fifty-eight years. 

Hunt, Jonathan. — He represented 
the State of Vermont in Congress, from 
1827 to 1832, serving on the Committee 
on Public Lands, and died at Washing- 
ton, May 14, of the latter year. He 
was a graduate of Dartmouth College 
in 1807. 

Hunt, Samuel, — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Hamp- 
shire, from 1802 to 1805. 

Hunt, Theodore G. — He was born 
in South Carolina, and was a Kepre- 
sentative in the Thirty-third Congress, 
from Louisiana. 

Hunt, Washington. — Born in 
Windham, Greene County, New York, 
August 5, 1811. At the age of eighteen 
he entered upon the study of law, and 
was admitted to the bar at Lockport in 
1834. In 1836 he was appointed first 
Judge of Niagara County, and was a 
Kepresentative in Congress, from 1843 
to 1849, serving during his last term as 
Chairman of the Committee on Com- 
merce. In 1849 he was elected Comp- 
troller of New York, and, in 1850, Go- 
vernor of the State. Since that time 
he has lived in retirement upon a hand- 
some farm near Lockport, dividing his 
attention between his friends, his books, 
and the pursuits of horticulture. He 
was a Delegate to the Chicago Conven- 
tion in 1864. 

Hunter, John. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from South Caro- 
lina, from 1793 to 1795, and a Senator in 
Congress, from that State, from 1795 to 
1796. 

Hunter, Naisworthy. — He was a 

Delegate in Congress, from the Terri- 
tory of Mississippi, from 1801 to 1802. 
Died March 11, 1802. 

Hunter, Rohert M. T. — He was 

born in Essex County, Virginia, April 
21, 1809 ; was educated at the Univer- 
sity of Virginia ; adopted the profession 
of law and came to the bar in 1830; 



served three years in the State Legis- 
lature ; and was first elected a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from his native 
State, in 1837, when he served two 
terms, and was re-elected in 1845, offi- 
ciating during the Twenty-sixth Con- 
gress as Speaker. In 1847 he was elected 
a Senator in Congress for a long term, 
and re-elected for the term ending in 
1859, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Finance, and as a member of 
the Committees on the Library, and on 
the Pacific Kailroad. He was re-elected 
to the Senate in 1859 for another long 
term, but was expelled July, 1861. He 
took part in the Kebellion as Secretary 
of State and a member of Congress in 
the Kebel government. 

Hunter, William. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ver- 
mont, from 1817 to 1819. He was also 
a member of the State Legislature in 
1807 and 1809, and a State Councillor 
in 1809, 1814, and 1815. 

Hunter, William. — Born in New- • 
port, Khode Island, November 23, 1775 ; 
graduated at Brown University in 1791 ; 
went to London, and studied medicine, 
but soon changed to the law, and en- 
tered at the Inner Temple in London; 
and on his return to Newport, at the 
age of twenty-one, was admitted to the 
bar. In 1799 he was a Kepresentative 
in the General Assembly of Rhode Isl- 
and, and re-elected at different periods 
from that time to the year 1811, when 
he was chosen a Senator in Congress, 
and held his seat till 1821. His speeches, 
especially those on the acquisition of 
Florida, and the Missouri Compromise, 
won him a high reputation as a saga- 
cious statesman and finished orator. In 
1834 he was Charge to Brazil, an office 
which was, in 1842, raised to a full mis- 
sion, and he was continued as Minister 
till 1845, when he retired from public 
life, and resided at Newport until his 
death, which occurred December 3, 1849. 

Hunter, William F. — He was born 
in Alexandria, Virginia, December 10, 
1808; had few educational advantages; 
practised the trade of a cabinet-maker 
until 1840 ; and having studied law, re- 
moved to Ohio, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1849 to 1853; since which time he has 
devoted himself to his profession. 



196 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Hunter, William G. — He was 

born in New york, and was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1843 to 1844. 

Hunter, William H. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1837 to 1839. 

Huntington, AJtel. — He was born 
in Norwich, Connecticut, but at an 
early age removed to East Hampton, 
Long Island, and for sixty years was a 
practising physician. He was a Kepre-' 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1833 to 1837. He was Collector 
of Sag Harbor, under President Polk ; 
and member of the New York Consti- 
tutional Convention of 1846. He died 
at East Hampton, May 18, 1858, aged 
eighty-two years. 

Huntington, Benjamin. — Was a 

native of Norwicn, Connecticut; gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1761, and prac- 
tised law in his native town. He was 
a Judge of the Superior Court of the 
State, from 1793 to 1798, and was a 
member of the Continental Congress, 
from 1780 to 1784, and also from 1787 
to 1788 ; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, under the Constitution, from 1789 
to 1791. He was Mayor of Norwich 
for twelve years, and he died in 1800. 

Huntington, Ebenezer. — He was 

born in Norwich, Connecticut, and 
died there in May, 1834, aged ninety- 
seven years. He graduated at Yale 
College in 1775; joined the army the 
same year as a volunteer ; was soon 
commissioned as a Lieutenant ; in 1776 
he was appointed a Captain, and also, 
deputy Adjutant-General ; in 1777 a 
Major ; in 1779 a Lieutenant-Colonel ; 
and he was present at the surrender of 
Cornwallis, at Yorktown. He was twice 
elected to Congress, from Connecticut, 
serving from 1810 to 1811, and again 
from 1817 to 1819. In 1799 he was, at 
the recommendation of Washington, 
appointed a Brigadier-General in the 
army raised by Congress, when expec- 
tations were entertained of a war with 
Prance. 

Huntington, fTabez W. — Born 
in Norwich, Connecticut, November 8, 
1788, and graduated at Yale College in 
1806. He studied law at Litchfield, and 
commenced to practise there, where he 



remained thirty years. In 1828 he was 
elected to the State Legislature, and in 
1829 was a Eepresentative in Congress; 
which office he filled until 1834, when 
he removed to Norwich, and became a 
Judge of the Supreme Court of Errors, 
and was chosen a Judge of the Superior 
Court of his State. He was a Senator 
in Congress from 1840 until his death, 
which occurred at Norwich, November 
1, 1847. 

Huntstnan, Adain. — He was a 

native of Virginia, and a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from Tennessee, from 
1835 to 1837. 

Hutchins, John. — Born in Vienna 
Township, Trumbull County, Ohio, July 
25, 1812 ; was chiefly educated by private 
tutors, although he spent one year at the 
Western Eeserve College; studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1837 ; in 
1838 was appointed Clerk of the Court 
of Common Pleas for Trumbull Couiity, 
holding the position five years ; in 1849 
he was elected to the Ohio Legislature ; 
served a number of years as a Bank Di- 
rector ; and in 1858 he was elected a Ee- 
presentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty- 
sixtli Congress, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Claims. Ee-elected 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
as Chairman of the Committee on Ma- 
nufactures. 

Hutchins, Wells A. — Was born 
in Hartford, Trumbull County, Ohio, 
October 8, 1818 ; received a common 
school education ; taught school for se- 
veral years in Ohio and Indiana ; studied 
law, and came to the bar in his twenty- 
third year ; was elected to the Ohio Le- 
gislature in 1851 ; in 1862 he was ap- 
pointed one of the six Provost Marshals 
for Ohio ; and in 1862 he was elected a 
Eepresentative, from Ohio, to theThirty- 
eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Commerce. 

Huyler, John. — He was born in 
New York, and having become a citi- 
zen of New Jersey, was elected a Ee- 
presentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, from that State, and was a member 
of the Committee on Agriculture. 

Hyneman, John M. — He was a 

Eepresentative' in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1811 to 1813, when he 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



197 



resigned, and D. Udree was elected in 
his place. 

Ihrie, Peter. — He was a native of 
Pennsylvania, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1829 
to 1833. 

Ilsley, Daniel, — Born in Fal- 
mouth, Massachusetts, in 1740; was a 
distiller by occupation ; served three 
years in the State Legislature ; was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from Mas- 
sachusetts, from 1807 to 1809. Died in 
1813. 

Inilay, James H. — He graduated 
at Princeton College in 1786; was for 
a time tutor in that institution ; and 
was a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
New Jersey, from 1797 to 1801. 

Inge, Samuel W. — He was born 
in North Carolina, and on removing to 
Alabama was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1847 
to 1851. 

Inge, William M. — He was born 
in Tennessee, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1833' 
to 1835. 

Ingersoll, Charles J. — Born in 
Philadelphia, October 3, 1782; received 
a liberal education; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1813 to 1815, when he was ap- 
pointed United States District Attorney 
for Pennsylvania, which he held until 
1829. In 1837, he was appointed Sec- 
retary of Legation to Prussia. He was 
afterwards re-elected a Representative 
in Congress, from 1841 to 1847, serving 
as Chairman of the Committee on Fo- 
reign Affairs. He has published a "His- 
tory of the Second American "War with 
Great Britain," and several other works 
of minor importance, including some 
poetry. He has also served as a mem- 
ber of various Internal Improvement 
Conventions ; and in 1847 was appointed 
by President Polk Minister to France, 
but was rejected by the Senate. Died 
in Philadelphia, May 14, 1862. 

Ingersoll, Colin M. — He was born 
in Connecticut in 1820 ; received a libe- 
ral education, and adopted the profession 
of law ; was Secretary of Legation at 
St. Petersburg, by appointment of Pre- 



sident Polk ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Connecticut, from 
1851 to 1855. 

Ingersoll, Ebon C. — Born in Onei- 
da County, New York, December 12, 
1831 ; removed with his father to Illi- 
nois in 1843 ; finished his education at 
Paducah, Kentucky ; studied law, and 
came to the bar in 1854 ; in 1856 he was 
elected to the Illinois Legislature ; and 
in 1864 he was elected a Representative, 
from Illinois, to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, for the unexpired term of Owen 
Lovejoy. 

Ingersoll, Joseph R. — Born in 
Philadelphia, June 14, 1786; gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1804; is a law- 
yer by profession, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1835 to 1837, and from 1842 to 
1849, and for a time Chairman of the 
Judiciary Committee. He was appointed 
by President Fillmore Minister to Eng- 
land. The titles of LL.D. and D.C.L. 
Oxon. have been conferred upon him. 

Ingersoll, HalphJ. — He was born 
in New Haven, Connecticut; graduated 
at Yale College in 1808; served in the 
Legislature of Connecticut; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1825 to 1833, and was ap- 
pointed, by President Polk, Minister 
Plenipotentiary to Russia. 

Ingham, Samuel. — He was born 
in Hebron, Connecticut, September 5, 
1793 ; received a good English education 
in Vermont, and studied law in Connec- 
ticut, having been admitted to the bar 
in 1815; and in 1817 he settled at Say- 
brook, which has since been his home. 
From 1827 to 1835 he was State's Attor- 
ney for the County of Middlesex, and 
again in 1843 and 1844; he was a Judge 
of Probate from 1829 to 1833 ; Judge of 
the Middlesex County Court from 1849 
to 1853; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Connecticut, from 1835 
to 1839, having officiated as Chairman 
of the Committee on Naval Affairs, and 
as a member of the Committee on Com- 
merce. He also served a number of 
years in the Senate and House of Re- 
presentatives of Connecticut, three years 
as Speaker, and was one year Clerk of 
the House ; he was appointed in 1837, by 
the State, an agent to prosecute certain 
claims against the United States, and 



198 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



was successful ; and in 1857 lie was ap- 
pointed, by President Buchanan, Com- 
missioner of Customs. In 1854 he was 
a candidate for the office of United States 
Senator, and received the entire vote of 
his party in the Legislature, but Senator 
Foster was elected. 

Ingham, Samuel D. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania, September 16, 
1773; received a good education; had 
the management for some years of a 
paper-mill in Eastern New Jersey; 
served three years in the Pennsylvania 
Legislature ; held for a time the office of 
Prothonotary to one of the Courts of that 
State ; and was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1813 to 1818, and from 1822 
to 1829, serving as Chairman of several 
Committees, when he was appointed, by 
President Jackson, Secretary of the 
Treasury. Died at Trenton, New Jer- 
sey, June 5, 1860. 

Iredell, James. — Born in Chowan 
County, North Carolina, in 1788. He 
was for several years in the Legislature 
of that State, part of the time Speaker 
of the House ; in 1812 commanded a com- 
pany of volunteers, who went to Norfolk 
to repel the British; in 1819 he was ap- 
pointed Judge of the Superior Court ; 
in 1827 was elected Governor of North 
Carolina ; and was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1828 to 1881. Toward the 
close of his life he was a Keporter of the 
Decisions of the Supreme Court, and 
died at Edenton, April 13, 1853. 

Irvin, Alexander, — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1847 to 1849. 

Irvin, James. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1841 
to 1845. 

Irvine, William. — Born in Ire- 
land ; educated for the medical profes- 
sion ; served as surgeon on board of a 
British ship, in the war which began in 
1754, and after the peace of 1763 settled 
at Carlisle, Pennsylvania. In 1774 he 
was a member of the State Convention ; 
in 1776 he served in Canada, and ac- 
companied Colonel Thompson from So- 
relle to dislodge the enemy from Trois 
Rivieres ; but was taken prisoner, June 
16, and remained as such at Quebec un- 



til exchanged in 1778. On his release 
he was promoted to the command of the 
Second Pennsylvania Regiment, and in 
1781 the defence of the northwestern 
frontier was intrusted to him, and he 
attained the rank of Major-General. He 
was a Representative in Congress, after 
the war, from 1793 to 1795. He was a 
Commissioner during the Whiskey In- 
surrection of 1794, and removed shortly 
after to Philadelphia, and was appoint- 
ed Superintendent of Military Stores. 
He died July 30, 1804, aged sixty -three 
years. 

Irvine, William. — He was elected 
a Representative, from New York, to 
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on the Mi- 
litia. 

Irvine, William W. — He was a 

member of the State Legislature of Ohio, 
and Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
State, and a Representative in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 1829 to 1833. In 1843 
he was appointed Charg^ d'Affaires to 
Denmark. He died at Lancaster, Ohio, 
April, 1842. 

Irving, William. — He was born 
in the city of New York, August 16, 
1766; from 1787 to 1791 was an Indian 
trader on the Mohawk ; was subsequent- 
ly a merchant in New York City, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 1813 
to 1819, and a member of the Commit- 
tee of Commerce and Manufactures. 
He was a brother of Washington Ir- 
ving, for whose "Salmagundi" he wrote 
several poems and essays. He was dis- 
tinguished for his colloquial powers, 
and was a popular as well as an influen- 
tial member of Congress, but he resigned 
before the expiration of his term, on 
account of his health. He died Novem- 
ber 9, 1821. 

Irtvin, Jared. — He was a member 
of the Convention which adopted the 
Constitution of 1789 ; was G-overnor of 
Georgia, from 1796 to 1798, and also 
from 1806 to 1809. He removed to 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1813 to 1817, and died March 1, 1818, 
aged sixty-eight years. 

Irwin, Oriiomas. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1829 to 1831, and was 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



199 



in the latter year appointed, by Presi- 
dent Jackson, United States Judge of 
the Western District of Pennsylvania. 

Irwin, William W. — He was a 

member of Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1841 to 1843; and from 1843 
to 1847 he was Charg^ d'Alfaires of the 
United States to Denmark. He died in 
Pittsburg, September 15, 1856. 

Isaacs, Jacob C — He was born in 
Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1823 to 1833. 

Iverson, Alfred. — Born in Burke 
County, Georgia, December 3, 1798 ; 
graduated at Princeton College in 1820; 
a lawyer by profession ; served three 
years as a member of the House of Re- 
presentatives, and one year as Senator 
in the Legislature of Georgia. Twice 
elected Judge of the Superior Court of 
that State for terms of three and four 
years ; was one of the Electors at large 
in the Presidential election of 1844; 
elected a Representative to the Thirtieth 
Congress, and served two years. In 

1854 he was elected to the United States 
Senate for six years, from March 4, 

1855 ; and for a long time acted as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Claims, and 
as a member of the Committees on 
Military Affairs, and the Pacific Rail- 
road. Resigned in February, 1861, and 
joined the Great Rebellion. 

Ives, Willard. — He was born in 
Watertown, New York, July 7, 1806; 
received a good English education ; is a 
farmer by occupation ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1851 to 1853. In 1846 he was 
elected by the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, a Delegate to the Christian 
World's Convention, which was held in 
London. 

Izard, Malph. — A Senator of the 
United States, from South Carolina, 
from 1789 to 1795, President of the Se- 
nate jyro tern, during the first session of 
the Third Congress, and a distinguished 
and eloquent statesman. In the judg- 
ment of Washington no man was more 
honest in public life. He died at South 
Bay, May 30, 1804, aged sixty-six years. 

tJacJc, William. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representa- 



tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1841 to 1843. 

Jachson, Andreiv. — Born at the 

Waxsaw Settlement, North Carolina, 
March 15, 1767. When fourteen years 
of age he left the academy where he had 
been placed, and entered the Revolu- 
tionary army, and at the age of twenty- 
one established himself as a lawyer in 
Western North Carolina. When that 
part of the country became a Territory in 
1790, President Washington appointed 
him Attorney of the United States for 
the new district. When said Territory 
was formed into the State of Tennessee, 
he was a member of the Convention 
which drew up the new Constitution, 
and he was immediately chosen a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, serving one term, 
when he was transferred to the United 
States Senate, where he continued until 
1798. His next public position was that 
of Judge of the Supreme Court ; and 
having been chosen Major-General of 
one of the divisions of the Tennessee 
militia, he retained the office until 1814, 
when he went into the regular army 
with the same rank. He was assigned 
to the command of the army at New 
Orleans, and January 8, 1815, obtained 
his famous victory over the British. In 
1817-18 he conducted the Seminole war 
in Florida, and soon after retired from 
the army. In 1823 he was again elected 
a Senator in Congress, and remained 
there two years. He was elected Presi- 
dent in 1828, and re-elected in 1832. 
The events which marked his adminis- 
tration were, the difficulties with France, 
the suppression of the Nullification move- 
ment in South Carolina, the Indian war 
in Florida, and the removal of the de- 
posits from the United States Bank. 
He retired to private life in 1836, and 
in the peaceful shades of the Hermitage, 
in Tennessee, he died, June 8, 1845. 
That he was a remarkable man is the 
undisputed verdict of his countrymen 
throughout the Union. 

Jackson, David S. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1847 
to 1848. 

Jackson, Ebenezei', Jr. — He was 

born in Connecticut, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
to fill an unexpired term, from 1834 to 
1835. 



200 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Jachson, Edward JB. — He was 

born in Harrison County, Virginia, and 
was a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1819 to 1823. Died 
September 8, 1826. 

Jackson, Jabez.—B.& was born in 
Georgia, and was a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1836 to 
1839. 

Jackson, James.— Born in Devon, 
England, in 1757, and came to this coun- 
try in 1772. Early in the American 
Revolution he joined the army ; in 1778 
was made Brigade-Major ; and in 1781 
commanded the Legionary Corps of the 
State of Georgia. When the British 
evacuated Savannah, July 12, 1782, he 
received the keys. For his various 
services the Assembly of the State pre- 
sented him with a house and lot in 
Savannah. On the return of peace he 
engaged with success in the practice of 
law ; in 1780 he fought a duel with 
Lieutenant-Governor Wells, whom he 
slew, but was wounded himself in both 
knees ; and he was a member of the 
Convention which formed the first Con- 
stitution of Georgia. He was chosen a 
Eepresentative in Congress in 1789, 
from Georgia, and soon after a Senator, 
which office he resigned in 1795. He 
was Major -General of the Georgia 
militia ; and Governor of the State from 
1798 till his election as Senator in 1801. 
He died March 18, 1806, aged forty- 
eight. 

Jackson, James.— ^q was born 
in Jefferson County, Georgia, in 1819 ; 
graduated at the University of Georgia 
in 1837 ; and, having studied law, com- 
menced the practice in 1840. In 1842 
he was elected Secretary of the Senate 
of Georgia, holding the office one year ; 
in 1845 he was elected to the State Legis- 
lature, and re-elected to the same posi- 
tion in 1847 ; in 1849 he was chosen by 
the Legislature Judge of the Western 
Circuit of his State, and was elected to 
the same office by the people in 1853, 
and again in 1857. In June of that year 
he was nominated for Congress, resigned 
his judgeship, and in October following 
was elected a Eepresentative to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committees on Claims, and 
Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected to 
the Thirty-sixth Congress. Resigned 



in February, 1861, and returned to 
Georgia. 

Jackson, James S. — He was born 
in Madison County, Kentucky, and 
adopted the profession of law. He 
served in the Mexican war as a Captain 
of volunteers. In 1861 he was elected a 
Representative, from Kentucky, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress ; but, while 
the Rebellion was progressing, he re- 
cruited a regiment of Kentucky cavalry ; 
was subsequently appointed a Brigadier- 
General, and was killed at the battle of 
Perryville, in 1862, bravely fighting in 
the service of his country. 

Jackson, John G. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1795 to 1797, from 1799 to 1810, 
and again from 1813 to 1817. 

Jackson, Joseph W. — He was fre- 
quently a member of the City Council 
of Savannah ; at one time Mayor of the 
city ; served a number of years in the 
State Legislature ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Georgia, from 
1850 to 1853. Died at Savannah, De- 
cember 28, 1854. 

Jackson, Richard S. — Born in 

1764, and died at Providence, April 18, 
1838. He was a member of Congress, 
from Rhode Island, from 1808 to 1815. 
In early life he was engaged in mercan- 
tile business, and was among the first, 
in this country, who embarked in the 
manufacture of cotton. He filled seve- 
ral important public offices, and was 
distinguished for his benevolence. 

JacJeson, TJionias S. — He was 

born in New York, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1837 to 1841 ; and was also, for 
three years, a member of the Assembly 
of New York. 

Jackson, William. — He was born 
in Massachusetts, September 6, 1783 ; 
was one of the pioneers of railroad en- 
terprise in Massachusetts ; and from 
1834 to 1837, and 1841 to 1843, was a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State. He was also a member of the 
State Legislature from 1829 to 1832; 
and, at the time of his death. President 
of the Newton Bank. He died at New- 
ton, Massachusetts, February 27, 1855. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



201 



Jackson, W. T. — Born in Chester, 
Orange County, New York, December 
29, 1794; received a common school 
education ; and has been chiefly em- 
ployed in mercantile business. He was 
Justice of the Peace several years in 
Havana, New York, and held the otRce 
of County Judge four years. In 1848 
he was elected a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, and served one term. 

Jacohs, Israel, — He was born in 
Germany, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Pennsvlvania, from 
1791 to 1793. 

James, Charles T. — "Was born in 
West Greenwich, Rhode Island, in 1806 ; 
received a limited education ; early 
turned his attention to mechanics as 
connected with the cotton interest ; 
wrote a series of papers on the culture 
and manufacture of cotton in the South ; 
and he was a Senator in Congress, from 
1851 to 1857, from Rhode Island. He 
subsequently invented a rifled cannon, 
and he met his death from the explosion 
of a shell of his own invention, while 
trying experiments at Sag Harbor, New 
York, October 17, 1862. 

Janies, Francis.— Ha was a native 
of Pennsylvania, and a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1839 
to 1843. 

Jatneson, John. — He was born in 
Kentucky, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Missouri, from 1830 to 
1831, and again from 1843 to 1845, and 
for another term from 1847 to 1849. 

Janes, Henry F. — He was born at 
Brimfield, Hampden County, Massachu- 
setts, in October, 1792 ; studied law in 
Montpelier, Vermont, and was admitted 
to the bar in Washington County in 
1817, and commenced to practise at 
Waterbury in that year. From 1820 to 
1830 he was Postmaster at Waterbury ; 
he was a member of the Legislative 
Council from 1830 to 1834, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Ver- 
mont, from 1835 to 1837. He was State 
Treasurer from 1838 to 1841 ; a member 
of the Council of Censors in 1848 ; and 
a member of the Legislature, from Wa- 
terbury, in 1855; since which time he 
has practised his profession. 

Jarnagin, Spencer. — Bom in 



Granger County, Tennessee ; graduated 
at Greenville College in 1813; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1817; and was United States Senator, 
from Tennessee, from 1841 to 1847. He 
died in Memphis, Tennessee, June 24, 
1851. 

Jarvis, Lieonard. — He was born 

in 1782; graduated at Harvard Univer- 
sity in 1800; and died in Surry, Maine, 
September 18, 1854. He was Sheriff of 
Hancock County from 1821 to 1829; 
Collector of Customs for the Penobscot 
District from 1829 to 1831 ; and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Maine, 
from 1831 to 1837, serving as Chairman 
of the Committee on Naval Afliairs. 
From 1838 to 1841 he held the ofBce of 
Navy Agent for the Port of Boston. 

Jayne, WilUani. — Born in Spring- 
field, Illinois, October 8, 1826; adopted 
the profession of medicine, and practised 
eleven years in Springfield; in 1859 was 
elected Mayor of that city ; was elected 
to the State Senate in 1860 and 1861 ; 
during the latter year was appointed 
Governor of Dakota Territory ; and in 
1862 he was elected a Delegate from 
Dakota to the Thirty-eighth Congress. 
After occupying his seat for some time, 
he was superseded by J. B. S. Todd. 

Jefferson, Thomas. — He was born 
at Shadwell, Virginia, in 1743. His 
education was principally conducted by 
private tutors, although he passed two 
years at the College of William and 
Mary. He adopted the law as his pro- 
fession ; was a member of the Legisla- 
ture of Virginia from 1769 to the com- 
mencement of the American Revolu- 
tion. In 1775 he was a Delegate in Con- 
gress ; and on May 15, 1776, the Con- 
vention of Virginia instructed their 
delegates to propose a Declaration of In- 
dependence. In June, Mr. Lee accord- 
ingly made the motion, and it was voted 
that a committee be appointed to pre- 
pare one. The committee was elected 
by ballot, and consisted of Thomas Jef- 
ferson, John Adams, Benjamin Frank- 
lin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. 
Livingston. The Declaration was ex- 
clusively the work of Jefferson, to whom 
the right of drafting it belonged, as 
Chairman of the Committee, though 
alterations and amendments were made 
in it by Adams, Franklin, and other 
members of the Committee, and after- 



14 



202 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



wards by Congress. Jefferson retired 
from Congress September, 1776, and 
took a seat in the Legislature of his 
State in October. In 1779 he was chosen 
Governor, and held the office two years. 
He declined a foreign appointment in 
1776, and again in 1781. He accepted 
the appointment of one of the Commis- 
sioners for negotiating peace, but before 
he sailed, news was received of the sign- 
ing of the provisional treaty, and he 
was excused from proceeding on the 
mission. He returned to Congress. In 
1784 he wrote notes on the establish- 
ment of a money-unit, and of a coinage 
for the United States ; in May of that 
year he was appointed, with Adams and 
Franklin, a Minister Plenipotentiary 
to negotiate treaties of commerce with 
foreign nations. In 1785 he was Minis- 
ter to the French Court. In 1789 he 
returned to America, and received from 
Washington the appointment of Secre- 
tary of State, which he held till Decem- 
ber, 1793, and then resigned. In Sep- 
tember, 1794, when an appointment was 
offered him by Washington, he replied, 
' ' ISTo circumstance will ever more tempt 
me to engage in anything public. " Not- 
withstanding this determination, he suf- 
fered himself to be a candidate for Pre- 
sident, and was chosen Vice-President 
in 1796. At the election in 1801 he and 
Aaron Burr having an equal number of 
electoral votes, the House of Represen- 
tatives, after a severe struggle, finally 
determined in his favor. He was re- 
elected in 1805. At the end of his se- 
cond term he retired from office. He 
died July 4, 1826, at one o'clock in the 
afternoon, just fifty years from the date 
of the Declaration of Independence. 
Preparations had been made throughout 
the United States to celebrate this day 
as a jubilee; and it is a most remarkable 
fact, that on the same day John Adams, 
a signer with Jefferson of the Declara- 
tion, and the second on the Committee 
for drafting it, and his immediate pre- 
decessor in the office of President, also 
died. Jefferson's publications were : 
Summary View of the Eights of British 
America, 1774; Declaration of Inde- 
pendence, 1776 ; Notes on Virginia, 
1781 ; Manual of Parliamentary Prac- 
tice, for the Use of the Senate ; Life of 
Captain Lewis, 1814 ; and some papers 
of a philosophical character. His works, 
chiefly letters, were first published by 
his grandson, Thomas Jefferson Ean- 
dolph, four volumes, 8vo., 1829. 



Jenckes, Thomas A. — He was 

born in Providence, Ehode Island, in 
1818 ; received a liberal education ; stu- 
died law, and practised the profession 
until elected, in 1863, a Representative, 
from Rhode Island, to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Patents. 

Jenifer, Daniel, — Was frequently 
a member of the State Legislature of 
Maryland, and represented that State in 
Congress, from 1831 to 1833, and from 
1835 to 1841. During the administra- 
tions of Presidents Harrison and Tyler, 
he was the United States Minister to 
Austria. He died December 18, 1855, 
near Port Tobacco, Maryland. 

Jenkins, Albert G. — Was born in 
Cabell County, Virginia, November 10, 
1830 ; graduated at Jefferson College, 
Pennsylvania, and in law at Cambridge, 
in 1850 ; never practised law, but has 
been devoted to agricultural pursuits; 
was a member of the Cincinnati Na- 
tional Convention in 1856 ; and was 
elected a Representative, from Virginia, 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as 
a member of the Committee on the 
Militia ; and also to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving on the same Com- 
mittee. 

Jenkins, Lemuel. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1823 to 1825. 

Jenkins, Robert. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1807 to 1811. 

Jenkins, Timothy. — Born in 
Barre, Worcester County, Massachu- 
setts, January 29, 1799; received an 
academic education ; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1824, prac- 
tising his profession in Oneida County, 
New York ; he was District Attorney 
for that county six years, and resigned 
the office on being elected a Represen- 
tative in the Twenty-ninth Congress, 
and was re-elected to the Thirtieth and 
Thirty-second. Died at Martinsburg, 
New York, December 24, 1859. 

Jenks, Michael H. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1843 to 1845. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



203 



Jenness, JBenning W. — He was 

Judge of Probate in Strafford County, 
New Hampshire, from 1841 to 1845, 
and a Senator in Congret<s, from New 
Hampshire, during the years 1845 and 
1846. 

tTennings, David. — He was born 
in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1825 to 1826. 

Jennings, Jonathan. — He was 

born in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, 
and was the first Governor of Indiana, 
and twice elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1809 to 
1816, and from 1822 to 1831. In 1818 
he was appointed, by President Monroe, 
Indian Commissioner. He died near 
Charlestown, Clarke County, Indiana, 
July 26, 1834. 

Jewett, Freeborn G. — He was 

born in New York ; was a member of 
the Assembly of that State in 1826 and 
1827 ; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from the same, from 1831 to 1833. 
From 1846 to 1856 he was a Judge of 
the Supreme Court of New York ; and 
died February 23, 1858, aged sixty- 
eight years. 

Jewett, Joshua H. — He was born 
at Deer Creek, Harford County, Mary- 
land, September 13, 1812, and, having 
adopted the profession of law, removed 
to Kentucky, and was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from that State, to the Thir- 
ty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses. 
He was Chairman of the Committee on 
Invalid Pensions. 

Jewett, Luther. — He was bom in 

Vermont ; graduated at Dartmouth Col- 
lege in 1795 ; was both a clergyman and 
a physician ; for fifteen years a member 
of the Vermont Legislature ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Ver- 
mont, from 1815 to 1817. 

Johns, Kensey. — Was born in 
Delaware, December 10, 1791; gradu- 
ated at Princeton College in 1810 ; stu- 
died law, and was admitted to practice 
in 1813 ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Delaware, from 1827 to 
1831 ; in 1832 he was appointed Chan- 
cellor of the State of Delaware, in which 
capacity he was still serving at the time 



of his death, which occurred at New 
Castle, March 28, 1857. 

Johnson, Andrew. — He was born 
in Raleigh, North Carolina, December 
29, 1808 ; when ten years of age he was 
apprenticed to a tailor, and worked at 
that business, in South Carolina, until 
his seventeenth year ; he never attended 
school, but acquired a good common 
education by studying alone. Having 
removed to Greenville, Tennessee, he 
was elected Mayor of that place in 1830 ; 
was elected to the State Legislature in 
1835 ; to the State Senate in 1841 ; and 
he was a Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1843 to 1853. 
During the latter year he was elected 
Governor of Tennessee, and re-elected 
in 1855. He was elected a Senator in 
Congress in 1857, for the term ending 
in 1863. He has served on the Com- 
mittees on Public Lands, and on the 
District of Columbia. In 1862 he was 
appointed, by President Lincoln, Mili- 
tary Governor of Tennessee ; and by 
the Baltimore Convention of 1864 was 
nominated for the oflSce of Vice-Pre- 
sident of the United States. 

Johnson, Cave, — He was born in 
Robertson County, Tennessee, January 
11, 1793 ; received a liberal education, 
and adopted the profession of law; was 
a Circuit Judge for a few years ; and 
he was a Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1829 to 1837, and 
again from 1839 to 1845, after which he 
went into the Cabinet of President Polk 
as Postmaster-General. He also held 
for many years the position of President 
of the Bank of Tennessee, which he re- 
signed in 1859. 

Johnson, Charles. — He was born 
in Connecticut, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New York, from 
1839 to 1841. 

Johnson, Francis, — He was born 
in Caroline County, Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Kentucky, from 1821 to 1827. 

Johnson, Harvey A. — He was 

born in Vermont, and having removed 
to Ohio, was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1853 
to 1855. 

Johnson, Henry, — He was born 



204 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



in Yirginia in 1781 ; removed to Loui- 
siana when quite young, and adopted 
the profession of law ; he was a mem- 
ber, in 1812, of the Convention called 
to form a Constitution for Louisiana ; 
from 1818 to 1824 he served the State 
as a Senator in Congress ; from 1824 to 
1828 he was Governor of Louisiana ; 
from 1835 to 1839 he was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress ; and was a second 
time elected to the United States Se- 
nate, serving from 1843 to 1849. He 
died at his residence in Louisiana, on 
the 21st of August, 1864, commanding" 
in his old age, as he did in the Senate, 
the highest respect of all who knew him. 

Johnson, Herschel V. — Born in 
Burke County, Georgia, September 18, 
1812. He graduated at the University 
of Georgia in 1834, and adopted the pro- 
fession of law. He was a Presidential 
Elector in 1844 ; in 1848 was appointed 
to iill a vacancy in the United States 
Senate ; and in 1849 he was elected a 
Judge of the Superior Court. In 1860 
he was a candidate for the office of Vice- 
President on the ticket with Mr. Doug- 
las, hut was defeated ; and subsequently 
served in the Confederate Senate. 

Johnson, James. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Virginia, from 1813 
to 1820, and in the latter year was ap- 
pointed Collector of Norfolk and Ports- 
mouth, Virginia. He also served in the 
State Legislature. Died at Norfolk, 
December 7, 1825. 

Johnson, James. — He was born 
in Orange County, Virginia; served as 
Lieutenant-Colonel under Colonel E. 
M. Johnson, at the battleof the Thames ; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Kentucky, during the years 1825 
and 1826, his death having been an- 
nounced in the House in December, 
1826. 

Johnson, James. — He was a na- 
tive of Georgia, and a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 
1853. 

Johnson, Jatnes H. — He was 

horn in New Hampshire, and "was a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1845 to 1847, serving on the 
Committee on Manufactures. He was 



also a State Councillor in 1842 and 1843, 
and a State Senator in 1839. 

Johnson, Jame^L. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1851. 

Johnson, Jeromus. — He was born 
in King's Countj^, New York, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from New 
York City, from 1825 to 1829, and died 
in Goshen, Orange County, New York, 
September 7, 1846. 

Johnson, John. — He was born in 
the County of Tyrone, Ireland, in 1808 ; 
received a common school education, 
and emigrated to Ohio, in 1824, where 
he is devoted to agricultural pursuits. 
He has served as a member of the Ohio 
Senate, and in the last Constitutional 
Convention of that State, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1851 to 1853. 

Johnson, John T. — He was born 
in Scott County, Kentucky ; was brother 
of Richard M. Johnson ; once Judge of 
the Court of Appeals of Kentucky, and 
represented that State in Congress, from 
1821 to 1825. Por thirty years he was 
a preacher of the Gospel, without a sa- 
lary. He died in Lexington, Missouri, 
December 18, 1857. 

Johnson, Joseph. — He was born 
in Orange County, New York, and on 
removing to Virginia, was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1823 to 
1827, from 1835 to 1841, and from 1845 
to 1847. He was also Governor of Vir- 
ginia from 1852 to 1856. 

Johnson, Noadiah. — He served 
in the Legislature of New York ; was a 
member of Congress, from 1833 to 1835; 
and died at Albany, April 4, 1839. 

Johnson, Perley B. — He was born 
in Ohio, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 
1845. 

Johnson, Philip. — Was born in 
Warren County, New Jersey, January 
17, 1818; in 1839 he removed with his 
father to Pennsylvania, settling in 
Northampton County ; and he was edu- 
cated at Lafayette College, where he 
spent two years, after which he spent 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



205 



two 3^ears teaching school in the South. 
On his return home he studied law, was 
admitted to the bar in 1848, and soon 
afterwards elected Clerk of the Court of 
Sessions and of the Oyer and Terminer. 
In 1853 and 1854 he was elected to the 
State Assembly. In 1857 he was Chair- 
man of the Democratic State Conven- 
tion. In 1860 he was the Kevenue 
Commissioner for the Third Judicial 
District of the State, and was elected a 
Kepresentative, from Pennsylvania, to 
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
the Committees on Roads and Canals, 
and on Patents ; he was re-elected to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a 
member of the Committee on the Terri- 
tories. He was also a Delegate to the 
Chicago Convention of 1864. 

Johnson, Reverdy. — Born in An- 
napolis, Maryland, May 21, 1796; was 
educated at St. John's College, Annapo- 
lis ; studied law with his father ; and 
having been admitted to the bar, has 
practised his profession without inter- 
mission to the present time ; his first 
appointment was that of State Attor- 
ney ; in 1817 he removed to Baltimore 
(where he has since resided), and in 1820 
was appointed Chief Commissioner of 
Insolvent Debtors, which office he held 
until 1821, when he was elected to the 
State Senate, serving two years ; was 
re-elected, and resigned in the second 
year of that term ; in 1845 he was chosen 
a Senator in Congress, where he remain- 
ed until 1849, when he resigned to ac- 
cept the post of Attorney-General of 
the United States, bestowed upon him 
by President Taylor. On his leaving 
the latter position, he turned his whole 
attention to his profession, practising 
chiefly in the Supreme Court of the 
United Stfftes. Mr. Johnson has also 
taken an active part in the preparation 
of seven volumes of Reports of Decisions 
in the Court of Appeals of Maryland. 
He was a Delegate to the Peace Con- 
gress of 1861, and in 1862 he was again 
elected a Senator in Congress, from his 
native State, for the term commencing 
March, 1863, and ending 1869, and 
serving on the Library Committee, and 
that on the Judiciary. 

Johnson, Richard M. — He was 

born in Kentucky, in 1780, and died at 
Frankfort, November 19, 1850. In 1807 
he was chosen a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, which post he 



held until 1813. In 1813 he raised a 
volunteer regiment of cavalr^y, of one 
thousand men, to fight the British and 
Indians on the Lakes, and during the 
campaign that followed, served with 
great credit, under General Harrison, 
as a Colonel of that regiment. He 
greatly distinguished himself at the 
battle of the Thames, and the chief 
Tecumseh is said to have been killed by 
his hand. In 1814 he was appinted In- 
dian Commissioner, by President Madi- 
son. He was again a Representative in 
Congress, from 1815 to 1819. In 1819 
he went from the House into the United 
States Senate, to fill an unexpired term ; 
was re-elected, and served as Senator 
until 1829. He was re-elected to the 
House, and remained there until 1837, 
when he became Vice-President, and as 
such presided over the Senate. At the 
time of his death he was a member of 
the Kentucky Legislature, and he died 
from a second attack of paralysis. He 
was a kind-hearted, courageous and ta- 
lented man. 

Johnson, M. W. — He was born in 
Kentucky, in 1814; and was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from Ar- 
kansas, in 1847, and served until 1853, 
when he was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Printing, and as a member 
of the Committees on Military Affairs, 
and on Public Lands. 

Johnson, William C — Born in 

Frederick County, Maryland, in 1806 ; 
received an academic education ; studied 
law, and was admitted to practice in 
the Supreme Court in 1831 ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 1833 
to 1835, and from 1837 to 1843. He 
served in the State Legislature before 
entering and after he left Congress ; 
was a member of the last Convention 
for revising the Constitution of Mary- 
land ; and was President of the Na- 
tional Convention of Young Men, which 
met in Washington to nominate Henry 
Clay for President. When in Congress, 
Mr. Johnson officiated, for a number of 
years, as Chairman of the Committee 
on Public Lands, and also as a member 
of the Judiciary Committee. Died in 
Washington, April 16, 1860. 

Johnson, William S. — Born at 

Stratford, Connecticut, October 7, 1727 j 



206 



BIOGRAPHICAL S'K ETCHES. 



graduated at Yale College in 1744 ; 
studied law, and acquired distinction 
as a pleader and orator. In 1765 he 
was a Delegate to the Congress at New 
York, and in 1766 an agent for the 
Colony to England. In 1772 he was 
appointed Judge of the Supreme Court 
of Connecticut ; was again a Pelegate 
to the New York Congress in 1785, and 
was a member in 1787 of the Conven- 
tion which framed the Constitution of 
the United States. He was a Senator 
in Congress, from 1789 to 1791, and 
from 1792 to 1800, President of Colum- 
bia College, in New York ; after which 
he" returned to his native village, where 
he died, November 14, 1819. 

Johnston, Charles. — Born in 

Chowan County, North Carolina ; was 
a member of the State Legislature for 
many years, and a Representative in 
Congress during the years 1801 and 
1802, having died before the expiration 
of his term. 

Johnston, Charles C. — A mem- 
ber of Congress, from Virginia, from 
1831 to 1832, having died at Washing- 
ton, June 18, of the latter year. He 
was Chairman of the Committee on 
Imprisonment for Debt. He was found 
drowned in the Potomac, near Alexan- 
dria. 

Johnston, Josiah S. — He was 

born in Salisbury, Connecticut, Novem- 
ber 25, 1784, but was taken by his father, 
in infancy, to Kentucky. He graduated 
at Transylvania University, and studied 
law. He removed to Louisiana in 1805, 
and commenced his professional career 
at Alexandria, on the Eed Eiver ; and, 
in 1812, was a leading man in the State 
Legislature ; he was next appointed 
District Judge, and represented Loui- 
siana, in Congress, from 1821 to 1828 ; 
8.nd in 1824 he was elected to the United 
States Senate, retaining that position 
until his death, which occurred May 
19, 1833, by the explosion of gunpowder 
on board the steamboat Lioness, on 
Red Eiver. 

Johnston, Samuel. — Governor of 
North Carolina, from 1787 to 1789; was 
President of the Convention of that 
State which ratified the Federal Con- 
stitution, and had been a member of 
Congress previous to 1789, when he was 
appointed Senator, from North Caro- 



lina, and served till 1793 ; was after- 
wards a Judge of the Supreme Court of 
Law and Equity. He was a native of 
Edenton, and died at Sherwarkey, Au- 
gust 18, 1816, aged eighty-three. . 

Johnston, Williatn. — He was 

born in Ireland in 1819 ; removed to 
Ohio in early life ; received a good edu- 
cation ; held a variety of local offices in 
Richmond County, where he has long 
resided ; adopted the profession of law, 
and in 1862 was elected a Representa- 
tive, from Ohio, to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committees on 
Revolutionary Claims, and on Expendi- 
tures on the Public Buildings. 

Jones, Benjamin. — He was born 
in Yirginia, and, having removed to 
Ohio, was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 
1837. 

Jones, Daniel T. — He was born 

in Connecticut, and, having settled in 
New York, was elected a Representative • 
in Congress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1855. 

Jones, Francis. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, 
from 1817 to 1823. 

Jones, George. — He was a Senator 
in Congress, from Georgia, during the 
session of 1807. 

Jozies, George W. — Born at Vin- 
cennes, Indiana, and graduated at Tran- 
sylvania University, Kentucky, in 1825. 
He was bred to the law, but ill health 
prevented him from practising. He 
was Clerk of the United States District 
Court, in Missoui'i, in 1826 ; served as an 
aide-de-camp to General Henry Dodge 
in the Black Hawk war ; was chosen 
Colonel of militia in 1832 ; subsequently 
Major-General ; also a Judge of the 
County Court ; in 1835 was elected a 
Delegate to Congress, from the Terri- 
tory of Michigan, and served four 
years ; in 1839 was appointed, by Pre- 
sident Van Buren, Surveyor-General 
of the Northwest ; was removed in 1841 
for his politics, but reappointed, by 
President Polk, and remained in the 
office until 1849; in 1848 he was elected 
a United States Senator, from Iowa, for 
six years, and re-elected in 1852, officia- 
tina; as Chairman of the Committees on 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



207 



Pensions, and on Enrolled Bills, and as 
a member of the Committee on Terri- 
tories. At the conclusion of his last 
term he was appointed, by President 
Buchanan, Minister to New Granada. 
In 1861 he was charged with disloyalty, 
and imprisoned in Fort Warren. 

J'ones, George W. — Born in King 
and Queen County, Virginia, March 15, 
1806. He began life by adopting the 
occupation of a saddler ; was a Justice 
of the Peace for three years ; in 1834 a 
Justice to hold the Quorum Court in 
Lincoln County; in 1835 and 1837 was 
elected to the Tennessee Legislature ; 
in 1839 to the State Senate ; in 1840 and 
1842 was elected Clerk of the Lincoln 
County Court ; and was elected a Ke- 
presentative to Congress, in 1843, to 
which position he has been regularly 
re-elected to 1859, serving, during the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, as Chairman of 
the Committee on Roads and Canals. 
In 1853, upon the inauguration of Pre- 
sident Pierce, Mr. Jones was appoint- 
ed special bearer of despatches to the 
American Consul at Havana, having 
been authorized to administer the offi- 
cial oath to the Vice-President, W. R. 
King, who had visited Cuba for his 
health. In 1861 he was a Delegate to 
the Peace Congress held in Washing- 
ton. 

Jones, Isaac D. — He was born in 
Maryland, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 
1843. He was a Delegate also to the 
Chicago Convention of 1864. 

tfones, J'anies. — Bom in Mary- 
land, and removed to G-eorgia when 
j'oung. He studied law, and settled in 
Savannah. He was often a member of 
the Legislature of Georgia, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 1799 
to the time of his death, which occurred 
at Washington, January 12, 1801. 

tfones, James. — He was born in 
Amelia County, Virginia, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1819 to 1823. 

J'ones, James C. — Born in Wil- 
son County, Tennessee, June 8, 1809 ; 
received a good education ; devoted 
himself in early life to farming ; first 
entered public life in 1839 as a member 
of the Tennessee Legislature ; was Go- 



vernor of Tennessee, from 1841 to 1845, 
serving two terms ; was a Presidential 
Elector in 1841 and 1849 ; and in 1851 
he was elected a Senator in Congress, 
from Tennessee, serving the whole of 
his term of six years. Died at Mem- 
phis, Tennessee, October 29, 1859. He 
was for many years devoted to the pub- 
lic interests of Memphis, and his native 
State, and was distinguished for his 
abilities. 

Jones, J. Glancy. — He was born 
on the Conestoga River, Pennsylvania, 
October 7, 1811. By his early education 
he was prepared for the church, but 
preferred the law, to which he devoted 
himself with success ; and while Deputy 
Attorney-General of the State, was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, serving (excepting 
a part of the Thirty-third Congress, 
when Henry W. Muhlenburg succeeded 
him), from 1850 to 1858. He was the 
author, in the House, of the bill creating 
the Court of Claims, when a member of 
the Committee on Claims ; and by Mr. 
Speaker Orr, was placed at the head of 
the Committee of Ways and Means. 
He was a Presidential Elector in 1856, 
and was tendered, by President Bu- 
chanan, the Mission to Berlin, which 
he declined; but in October, 1858, he 
was offered the mission to Austria, and 
accepted the appointment. 

Jones, John J. — Born in Burke 
County, Georgia, November 13, 1824 ; 
graduated at Emory College ; studied 
law, and was admitted to practice in 
1848 ; and was a Representative, from 
that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Revisal 
and Unfinished Business. Resigned in 
February , 1861 , and returned to Georgia. 

Jones, John W. — He was born in 

Virginia, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 
1845. He was also Speaker of the House 
of Representatives, during the Twenty- 
eighth Congress. He was an eminent 
politician, and died January 29, 1848. 

Jones, John TF.— Born on Rock 

Creek, Montgomery County, Maryland, 
April 14, 18U6 ; when quite young he 
removed, with his father, to Kentucky, 
where he received a good English and 
classical education, at the Carlisle Semi- 
nary ; as his health would permit, he 



208 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



devoted himself to the study of medi- 
cine, attended lectures at the Pennsyl- 
vania Academy, and from Jefferson 
College received the degree of Doctor 
of Medicine. In 1840 he was elected 
to the Georgia Legislature, and he was 
a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
Georgia, from 1847 to 1849. In 1849 
he removed to Alabama, and devoted 
himself to agriculture ; but, returning 
to Georgia, was appointed a medical 
professor in the Atlanta Medical Col- 
lege. He enjoys the reputation of hav-. 
ing done much for the cause of education 
in the States of Georgia and Alabama. 

Jones, NatJiayiiel. — He was a 
member of the New York Assembly in 
1827 and 1828 ; a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from New York, from 1837 
to 1841 ; a State Senator in 1852 and 
1853 ; and also held the offices of Sur- 
veyor-General of the State, and Canal 
Commissioner. 

Jones, Oiven. — Bom in Pennsyl- 
vania ; a lawyer by profession, and Ke- 
presentative, in the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, from his native State. 

Jones, Itoland.—B.G, was born in 
North Carolina, and was a Represen- 
tative, in the Thirty-third Congress, 
from that State. 

Jones, Seaborn. — He was born in 
Columbus, Georgia, and was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1845 
to 1847. 

Jones, W^alter. — Born in Virginia, 
and educated as a physician at Edin- 
burgh, about the year 1770; on his return 
he settled in Northumberland County, 
where he had extensive practice in his 
profession. He was a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from 1797 to 1799, and again 
from 1803 to 1811. He died in West- 
moreland County, Virginia, December 
31, 1815, aged seventy-six years. 

Jones, William. — Born in Phila- 
delphia ; took an active part in the 
Revolutionary struggle, having fought 
at Trenton and Princeton as a volun- 
teer, and served in several vessels ; he 
was a Lieutenant under Commodore 
Truxton, and was twice wounded and 
twice made prisoner ; in 1790 settled in 



Charleston, South Carolina, whence he 
returned to Philadelphia in 1793; was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1801 to 1803 ; and 
was for a short time Secretary of the 
Navy, under President Madison. He 
was also President of the Bank of the 
United States ; Collector of Customs at 
Philadelphia ; and for twenty-six years 
was a member of the American Philo- 
sophical Society, before which he read 
many valuable communications, which 
were published. Died at Bethlehem, 
Pennsylvania, in 1831. 

Judson, Andrew T. — Born at 
Eastford, Connecticut, November 29, 
1784 ; his education was obtained at the 
common schools, and under the in- 
structions of his father and brother. 
He studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1806, when he removed to Mont- 
pelier, Vermont, and practised in that 
State ; he afterwards returned to his 
native town, and in 1809 went to Can- 
terbury, which he made his permanent 
residence. In 1819 he received the ap- 
pointmentof State's Attorney for "Wind- 
ham County, which office he held for 
fourteen years. He was at different 
times a member of both branches of the 
Legislature, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1835 to 1839, when 
he was elected Judge of the District 
Court, and continued in that position 
until his death. In October, 1850, he 
was designated, by the Circuit Judge of 
the Second Circuit, to hold the Courts 
of the United States in the Southern 
District of New York, during the ill- 
ness of the distinguished Judge of that 
District, and he officiated at the trial of 
Mr. O'Sullivan, and others, for the at- 
tempted Cuban invasion. Among the 
causes which were brought before him 
for adjudication, was the libel of the 
Amistad, and the fifty-four Africans on 
board. ' He died at home, March 17, 
1853. 

Julian, George W. — Was born in 
Centreville, Wayne County, Indiana, 
May 5, 1817 ; received a good common 
school education ; spent three years as 
school teacher ; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1840. In 1845 
he was elected to the Legislature of In- 
diana; was a Delegate to the Buffalo 
Convention of 1848; was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Indiana, from 
1849 to 1851. In 1852 he was nomi- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



209 



nated by the Pittsburg Convention for 
the office of Vice-President of the United 
States, on the ticket with J. P. Hale for 
President ; and in 1856 he was Vice- 
President of the Republican Conven- 
tion held at Pittsburg. In 1860 he was 
elected a Representative, from Indiana, 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
on the Committees on Public Lands, 
and on Public Expenditures ; and in 
1862 was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, and was Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Lauds, and a 
member of the Committee on Public 
Expenditures. 

JunMn, Benjamin T. — Born in 
Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, 
November 12, 1822; educated at Fa- 
yette College ; studied law at Carlisle, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1844; 
was elected District Attorney for Perry 
County in 1850, and held the office 
three years ; and was elected, from Penn- 
sylvania, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Revolu- 
tionary Pensions. 

Kalbfleisch, Martin. — He was 

born in Flushing, Netherlands, Febru- 
ary 6, 1804 ; received a common school 
education, and adopted the profession 
of a chemist. He came to the United 
States early in life, and his first public 
position was that of Health Warden in 
New York City in 1832. In 1836 he 
was Trustee of one of the common 
schools in New York ; in 1852, and the 
two following years, Supervisor of the 
town of Bushwick, King's County. In 
1854 he was appointed President of a 
Board of Commissioners for consoli- 
dating the cities of Brooklyn, Williams- 
burg, and Bushwick. In 1855 he was 
elected an Alderman of Brooklyn, and 
having been re-elected, was President 
of the Board of Aldermen from 1857 to 
1861 ; during the latter year he was 
elected Mayor of Brooklyn ; and in 1862, 
was elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving on the Committees on Revolu- 
tionary Claims, and Expenditures in 
the Treasury Department. 

Kane, EUas K. — He was born in 

New York State about the year 1795, 
and was bred to the legal profession. 
At an early period of his life he went 
to Tennessee, and finally settled in Kas- 
kaskia, in Illinois Territory, in 1815. 



In 1818 he was a member of the Con- 
vention for framing a State Constitu- 
tion, and when that Government was 
organized, bo was appointed Secretary 
of State. He was subsequently elected 
a member of the Legislature ; and from 
1825 to 1836 he was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Illinois, officiating as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Private Land 
Claims. He died at Washington, Dis- 
trict of Columbia, December 12, 1835. 

Kasson, John A. — He was born 
near Burlington, Vermont, January 
11, 1822 ; graduated at the University 
of Vermont ; studied law in Massachu- 
setts, and practised the profession in 
St. Louis, Missouri, until 1857, when 
he removed to Iowa. In 1858 he was 
appointed a Commissioner to report 
upon the condition of the Executive 
Departments of Iowa; assisted in 1859 
in organizing the State Bank of Iowa, 
and became Director for the State. In 
1861 he was appointed Assistant Post- 
master-General, which office he resigned 
in 1862, when he was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Iowa, to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee of Ways and Means. During 
the summer of 1863 he was appointed, 
by President Lincoln, a Commissioner 
to the International Postal Congress at 
Paris, returning in August. 

Kaufman, David S. — Born in 
Cumberland, Pennsylvania, in 1813 ; 
graduated at Princeton College in 1833 ; 
not long after he removed to Natchez, 
Mississippi, and read law in the office of 
General Quitman. In 1835 he settled 
in Natchitoches, Louisiana. In 1837 
he emigrated to Nacogdoches, in Texas, 
and in 1838 was elected a Representative 
in the Texan Congress ; he was twice 
re-elected, and twice chosen Speaker of 
the House. In 1843 he was elected to 
the Senate, and fi'om the Committee on 
Foreign Relations, in 1844, presented a 
report in favor of annexation, and took 
an active part in its consummation. In 
1845 he was appointed Charge to this 
Government, but that office was super- 
seded by the final act of annexation, 
and he was elected one of the firt mem- 
bers of the House of Representatives, 
from Texas, serving from 1846 to 1851. 
He died in Washington, District of 
Columbia, January 13, 1851. 

Kavanagh, Edward.— Hq was 



210 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



born April 27, 1795; adopted the pro- 
fession of law ; was a member of the 
Maine Legislature in 1826, 1828, 1842, 
and 1843 ; Secretary of the State Senate 
in 1830 ; and he was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from 1831 to 1835 ; when 
he was appointed Charge d'AlFaires to 
Portugal, where he remained until 1841. 
In 1842 he was a Commissioner for set- 
tling the Northeast Boundary ; and was 
acting Governor of Maine from 1843 to 
1844 ; and for a short time President of 
the State Senate. He died at Newcastle, _ 
Maine, January 20, 1844. 

Keese, Richard. — Born in New 
York, and was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1827 to 1829. 

Keini, George M. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1888 to 1843. 

Keim, William H. — He was born 
in Reading, Berks County, Pennsylva- 
nia, June 25, 1813 ; was educated at the 
Mount Airy Military Academy ; but 
he turned his attention to mercantile 
pursuits, and continued in active busi- 
ness until 1855. He held almost con- 
tinually, for thirty years, a number of 
military offices, among others that of 
Major-General of the Pifth Division 
of Penni-ylvania Volunteers ; in 1848 he 
was elected Mayor of Reading ; and in 
November, 1858, he was elected to fill 
the unexpired term of the Hon. J. 
Glancy Jones (appointed Minister to 
Austria), and took his seat at the com- 
mencement of the second session of the 
Thirty-fifth Congress. 

Keittf Latvrence M. — He was 

born in Orangeburg District, South 
Carolina, October 4, 1824 ; graduated 
at the College of South Carolina in 
1843 ; studied law, and was admitted 
to practice in 1845 ; was elected to the 
State Legislature in 1848 ; and in 1853 
to a seat in the National House of Re- 
presentatives, having been regularly re- 
elected until December, 1860, when he 
resigned, serving in the Thirty-fifth 
Congress as Chairman of the Committee 
on Public Buildings and Grounds. Just 
before leaving Congress, he was elected 
to the Seceding Convention of South 
Carolina, and subsequently took an 
active part in the Great Rebellion as a 
member of the Confederate Congress. 



Killed in battle, in Virginia, in June, 
1864. 

Kelley, William D. — Was born 
in Philadelphia in the spring of 1814 ; 
received *a good English education ; 
commenced life as a reader in a print- 
ing-office ; spent seven years as an ap- 
prentice in a jewelry establishment ; 
removed to Boston, and followed his 
trade there for four years, devoting 
some attention to literary matters ; re- 
turned to Philadelphia, studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1841, 
and held the office for some years of 
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas 
in Philadelphia. In addition to his 
many political speeches, a number of 
literary addresses have been published 
from his pen. He was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Pennsylvania, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committees on Indian 
Aifairs, and Expenditures on Public 
Buildings. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Agriculture, and on Naval 
Affairs. 

Kellogg, Charles. — He was a na- 
tive of Berkshire County, Massachu- 
setts ; served six years in the New York 
Assembly, from Cayuga County, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1825 to 1827. 

Kellogg, Francis TF.— Born in 
Worthington, Hampshire County, Mas- 
sachusetts, May 30, 1810 ; received a 
limited education, and having removed 
to Michigan, entered into the business 
of lumbering. He served in the Legis- 
lature of Michigan, and was elected a 
Representative, from that State, to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Invalid 
Pensions ; was re-elected to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Public Lands, and on Ex- 
penditures in the Post-office Depart- 
ment ; and was also re-elected to the Thir- 
ty-eighth Congress, and was a member 
of the Committee on Military Affairs. 

Kellogg, Orlando. — "Was born in 
Elizabethtown, New York, in 1809; 
was elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Thirtieth Congress ; and 
re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on 
Manufactures, and that on the Militia. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



211 



Kellogg, William,— Bom in Ash- 
tabula County, Ohio, July 8, 1814, and 
removed to Illinois in 1837. His edu- 
cation was obtained in the common 
schools of the country, and having 
studied law, acquired an extensive prac- 
tice in the district of disputed land 
titles in Illinois. He served in the 
State Legislature in 1849 and 1850, and 
was three years Judge of the Circuit 
Court of Illinois, and elected a Kepre- 
sentative, from that State, to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Public Expenditures. 
Ke-elected to the Thirty -sixth Congress, 
serving on the Judiciary Committee. 
Ee-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, serving on the Judiciary Commit- 
tee, and that on Government Expendi- 
tures. In 1864 he was appointed by 
President Lincoln Minister to Guate- 
mala. 

Kelly, James. — He was a Eepre- 

sentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1805 to 1809. 

Kelly, Johti. — Born in the city of 
New York, April 21, 1821; educated 
at the public schools in that city ; by 
trade a mason ; was Alderman of the 
city for two years ; and elected a Eepre- 
sentative in the Thirty-fourth and 
Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving on the 
Committee of Ways and Means. In 
October, 1858, he was elected High 
Sheriff for the City and County of New 
York. He was also a Delegate to the 
Chicago Convention of 1864. 

Kelly, William. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Louisiana, 
during the years 1821 and 1822; and a 
Senator in Congress, from 1822 to 1825. 

Kelsey, William H. — He was born 
in New York, and was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from that State, to the Thirty- 
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and 
was a member of the Committee on 
Agriculture. 

Kemble, Gouvemeur, — He was 

born in New York, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1837 to 1841. 

Ketnpshall, Thomas. — He was 

born in England, and having emigrated 
to New York, was a Representative in 



Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 
1841. 

Kenan, TJiomas. — Born in Duplin 
County, North Carolina, in 1771. In 
1799 he was a member of the House of 
Delegates ; served in the State Senate 
in 1804 ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1805 to 1811. He sub- 
sequently removed to Alabama, where 
he served for many years in the Legis- 
lature of that State, but declined a re- 
election to Congress. Died near Selma, 
October 22, 1843. 

Kendall, Jonas. — He was born at 
Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1757 ; ob- 
tained a finished education by his own 
unaided exertions ; served thirteen years 
in the Legislature of Massachusetts ; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1819 to ^1821. 
Died in Leominster, Massachusetts, Oc- 
tober 22, 1844. 

Kendall, Joseph G. — Bom in 

1788 ; graduated at Harvard College in 
1810, and was a tutor in that University 
from 1812 to 1819. He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from the Northern 
District of Worcester County, Massa- 
chusetts, from 1829 to 1833 ; and then 
appointed Clerk of the State Courts. 
He died at Worcester, Massachusetts, 
October 2, 1847. 

Kennedy, Andrew. — Born in 

Ohio in 1810 ; was bred a blacksmith, 
and at the age of nineteen could neither 
read nor write. He subsequently stu- 
died law, and was a member of the 
State Senate of Indiana ; and repre- 
sented that State in Congress, from 1841 
to 1847. He died at Muncietown, In- 
diana, December 31, 1847. 

Kennedy, Anthony. — Born in 
Baltimore, Maryland, in 1811; removed, 
when ten years of age, to Virginia ; 
educated at Jefferson Academy, Charles- 
town, Virginia ; studied law, but aban- 
doned it, and subsequently engaged in 
the manufacture of cotton and in plant- 
ing. He was a member of the Legisla- 
ture of Virginia, from 1839 to 1843, and 
an unsuccessful candidate for Congress, 
from Virginia ; removed to Baltimore 
in 18-50, and was elected to the Mary- 
land Legislature in 1856, serving as 
Chairman of the Committee of Ways 
and Means ; and by that body elected 



212 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



to the United States Senate, for six 
years, from March 4, 1857, serving as 
a member of the Committees on Private 
Land Claims, and on the District of 
Columbia. 

Kennedy, John P. — He was born 
in Baltimore, October, 1795. He stu- 
died law, and practised in that city 
until 1838, when he was elected to the 
House of Representatives, in the Fede- 
ral Legislature, and served in that body 
through the Twenty-fifth, Twenty-se- 
venth, and Twenty-eighth Congresses ; 
elected in 1846 to the House of Dele- 
gates of Maryland (of which he had 
been a member in the sessions of 1820 
and 1822) ; he was made Speaker, and 
took an active part in the measure 
which was then adopted to resume the 
payment of the State debt, and the re- 
storation of the public credit. Since 
1847, he has held no local political post, 
but has devoted his time to literary pur- 
suits. His last national position was 
that of Secretary of the Navy, under 
President Pillmore. In 1849, he was 
chosen by the Regents of the University 
of Maryland to preside over that insti- 
tution, as provost, which position he 
now occupies. Among his various poli- 
tical tracts, speeches, reports, and ad- 
dresses, which have been published, are 
"A Review of Mr. Cambreling's Free- 
Trade Report, by Mephistopheles," in 
1830; '-The Memorial of the Perma- 
nent Committee of the New York Con- 
vention of Friends of Domestic Indus- 
try," in 1833 ; an elaborate report on 
" The Commerce and Navigation of the 
United States, by the Committee of 
Commerce" (of which Mr. Kennedy 
was chairman), in 1842; and a report 
from the same Committee, on " The 
"Warehouse System," in 1843. Besides 
these, he has published several pamph- 
lets and tracts, in defence of the pro- 
tective system. In the field of general 
literature, he is known to the public as 
the author of "Swallow Barn, a So- 
journ in the Old Dominion," " Horse- 
shoe Robinson," "Rob of the Bowl," 
"Quod Libet," " Memoirs of the Life 
of William Wirt, late Attorney-Gene- 
ral of the United States," sundry his- 
torical, biographical, and literary dis- 
courses, essays, and reviews, which have 
not yet been collected into volumes. 
He is an active member of the Histori- 
cal Society of Maryland, of which he is 
the Vice-President. 



Kennedij, William. — He was a 
Representative in Congress, from North 
Carolina, from 1803 to 1805, from 1809 
to 1811, and from 1813 to 1815. 

Kennett, Luther M. — He was 
born in Falmouth, Pendleton County, 
Kentucky, March 15, 1807 ; received a 
good English and classical education ; 
was for a number of years Deputy Clerk 
of Pendleton and Campbell counties ; 
he studied law, and in 1825 removed to 
Missouri, where he engaged in mercan- 
tile pursuits ; having settled in St. Louis 
in 1842, he was elected to the Councils 
of that city ; in 1849 he was Chairnian 
of the Pacific Railroad Convention, held 
in St. Louis, and subsequently Vice- 
President of the company formed for 
commencing the work ; in 1850 he was 
elected Mayor of St. Louis, and re- 
elected in 1851 and 1852. In 1853 he 
was elected President of the St. Louis 
and Iron Mountain Railroad ; and he 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Missouri (St. Louis District), from 1855 
to 1857. 

Kennon, William. — He was born 

in Pennsylvania, and having emigrated 
to Ohio, was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 
1833, from 1833 to 1837, and from 1847 
to 1849. 

Kent, Joseph. — Born in 1779, in 
Calvert County, Maryland ; was edu- 
cated for a physician, and combined the 
practice of his profession with the pur- 
suits of agriculture. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from his native 
State, from 1811 to 1815, and from 1821 
to 1826 ; Governor of Maryland from 
1826 to 1829 ; and United States Sena- 
tor from 1833 to 1837. He died near his 
residence, in the vicinity of Bladens- 
burg, Maryland, November 24, 1839. 

Kent, 3Ioss. — He was a member of 
the New York Assemblj?^ in 1807 and 
1810, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1813 to 
1817. 

Kenj/on, William S. — He was 

elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Private Land Claims. 

Kernan, Francis. — He was born 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



213 



in Steuben County, New York, Janu- 
ary 14, 1816 ; received his education at 
the Georgetown College, District of Co- 
lumbia ; adopted and practised the pro- 
fession of law ; held for a time the office 
of Reporter of the Court of Appeals ; 
served in the State Legislature ; and 
was elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on the Judi- 
ciary. 

Kerr, fTohn. — He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1813 to 1817. 

Kerr, JTohn, — He was born in 
North Carolina, received a liberal edu- 
cation, and adopted the profession of 
law ; was a Representative in Congress, 
from his native State, from 1853 to 1855 ; 
and was subsequently elected to the 
House of Commons of that State. 

Kerr, John JBozrnan. — Born at 
Easton, Talbot County, Maryland, 
March 5, 1809 ; graduated at Harvard 
University in 1830. He studied law at 
Easton, and was admitted to the bar in 
1833 ; was a member of the General As- 
sembly of Maryland from 1836 to 1838; 
and from 1847 to 1849 he acted as deputy 
for the Attorney-General of Maryland, 
for Talbot County. From 1849 to 1851 
he was a Representative in Congress, 
and at the end of the session was ap- 
pointed by President Fillmore Charg^ 
d'Aflaires to the Republic of Nicaragua. 
During the revolution of 1851 he had 
the good fortune, as the National Re- 
presentative in Central America, to 
bring about an armistice, and was in- 
strumental in saving the lives of leading- 
officers of the revolutionary party, for 
which he received a formal expression 
of thanks from the Executive on leaving 
the country ; and in 1853 the Congress 
of the United States voted him an extra 
sum for services in Central America. 
In 1854 he resumed the practice of his 
profession in the city of Baltimore, and 
subsequently held an office under the 
Attorney-General in Washington, after 
which he was appointed Deputy Solici- 
tor of the Court of Claims. 

Kerr, tfohn L, — He was born at 
Greenbury Point, near Annapolis, Ma- 
ryland, January 15, 1780; graduated at 
St. John's College in 1799; studied law 
with John Leeds Bozman, and practised 



the profession with success ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1825 to 1829, and again from 
1831 to 1833 ; he was also a Senator in 
Congress from 1841 to 1843. He was a 
member of the National Convention, 
held at Harrisburg in 1839, and at the 
head of the Electoral ticket for Presi- 
dent during the same year. Before en- 
tering Congress, he was the agent of 
Maryland in the prosecution of militia 
claims against the United States. He 
died at his homestead, in Maryland, 
February 21, 1844. 

Kerr, Joseph. — He was a Senator 
in Congress, from Ohio, from 1814 to 
1815, having succeeded Thomas Worth- 
ington. 

Kerrigan, James E. — He was 

elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
leaving his seat for a time to servo as a 
Colonel of volunteers in the troubles of 
1861. 

Kersfiaiv, John. — He was a native 
of South Carolina, and a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1813 
to 1815, when he was appointed by Pre- 
sident Madison one of the three Com- 
missioners to run the Creek boundary 
lines. 

Key, Philip. — "Was born in Saint 
Mary's County, Maryland, in 1750; re- 
ceived a classical and commercial educa- 
tion ; was devoted to agricultural pur- 
suits ; served a number of years in the 
Legislature of Maryland, and was for 
one or two terms Speaker. He also ren- 
dered some service in the municipal 
courts of his native county. His ser- 
vice as a Representative in Congress, 
from Maryland, was from 1791 to 1793. 
Died in his native place in January, 
1820. 

Key, Philip Barton. — Born in 
Cecil County, Maryland, in 1765 ; was 
liberally educated ; entered the English 
army as a Captain, and when the Re- 
volutionary war broke out, he refused to 
bear arms against the Colonies ; he had 
a small command and some service at 
Pensacola, Florida, where he was a hard 
student ; and after the peace he returned 
to Maryland, where he took a high po- 
sition as a lawyer. He also represented 
Annapolis in the State Legislature. He 



214 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
Maryland, from 1807 to 1813, and died 
at Georgetown, District of Columbia, 
July 28, 1815. 

Keyes, Elias. — He was born in 
Asbford, Connecticut; a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from Vermont, from 1821 
to 1823. Prom 1803 to 1818 he was a 
State Councillor ; and a member of the 
Legislature of Vermont for a period 
of eighteen years, from Stockbridge 
County. 

Kidder, David. — He was born in 
Dresden, Lincoln County, Maine, De- 
cember 8, 1787 ; received a classical edu- 
cation from private tutors ; studied law, 
and settled in Somerset County, where 
he was County Attorney from 1811 to 
1823; was a Representative in Congress, 
from Maine, from 1823 to 1827 ; and a 
member of the State Legislature in 
1829. 

Kidwell, ZedeMah. — He was born 
in Fairfax County, Virginia, January 
4, 1814 ; was educated by his father ; 
studied medicine, and graduated at the 
Jefferson Medical College of Philadel- 
phia in 1839 ; after practising medicine 
some years, he commenced in 1848 the 
study of law, and began to practise as a 
lawyer in 1849 ; he served a number of 
years in the Legislature of Virginia ; 
was a member of the State Constitu- 
tional Convention in 1829 ; was a Presi- 
dential Elector in 1852 ; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1853 to 1857. In 1857 he was 
elected one of three Commissioners to 
superintend the public works for the 
State of Virginia, representing in that 
board the Third District. 

Kilboum, Jaines. — Born in New 
Britain, Connecticut, October 19,1770; 
while apprenticed as a farmer's boy he 
received instruction in Latin and Greek 
and mathematics, from the son of his 
employer ; was next a mechanic, then a 
merchant and manufacturer, and finally 
studied divinity, and became a clergy- 
man of the Episcopal Church. In 1803 
he was instrumental in forming an emi- 
grating colony to Central Ohio, called 
the ' ' Scioto Company ; " a town was 
soon organized, and named Worthing- 
ton. In 1805 he was appointed by Con- 
gress to the oflftce of United States Sur- 
veyor of Public Lands ; and in 1806 he 



was chosen by the Legislature a member 
of the Board of Trustees of Ohio Col- 
lege, at Athens. In 1812 he was ap- 
pointed, by the President, a Commis- 
sioner to settle the boundary between 
the Public Lands and the Virginia Re- 
servation, and also commissioned as Co- 
lonel of the frontier regiment. He was 
one of the Commissioners for locating 
Miami University, and President of the 
Board of Trustees of Worthington Col- 
lege. Prom 1813 to 1817 he was a Re- 
presentative in Congress. In 1823 he 
was elected to the Ohio Legislature, 
serving on fourteen committees, and 
was re-elected in 1838; and subsequently 
devoted much attention to matters of 
State policy. He died in Worthington, 
Ohio, April 24, 1850. 

Kilgore, David. — He was born in 
Harrison County, Kentucky, April 8, 
1804, and removed with his father to 
Indiana in 1819, and settled in Pranklin 
County. He received a common school 
education, and commenced the study of 
law in 1825, and was admitted to prac- 
tice in 1830, and removed to Delaware 
County. In 1838 he was elected to the 
State Legislature, and served several 
years. In 1839 he was elected by the 
Legislature President Judge of the Ju- 
dicial Circuit in which he resided, and 
held the office seven years. In 1850 he 
was a Delegate to the Constitutional 
Convention of the State. In 1854 was 
again elected to the Legislature, and 
was Speaker of the House. In 1856 he 
was elected a Representative, from In- 
diana, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and 
has been re-elected to the Thirty -sixth, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Expenditures in the Treasury De- 
partment, and that on the District of 
Columbia. 

Kilgore, Daniel. — He was born in 
Virginia, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Ohio, from 1835 to 1839. 
Died in New York, December 12, 1851. 

Kille, Joseph. — He was born in 
New Jersey, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1839 
to 1841. 

Killing er, John W. — Born in 
Pennsylvania, and was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from that State, to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
tee on Public Expenditures. Re-elected 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



215 



to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
on the Committee on Mileage, and as 
Chairman of the Committee on Expen- 
ditures in the Post-ofSce Department. 
In 1863 he was appointed Assessor of 
Internal Revenue for the Tenth District 
of Pennsylvania. 

Kincaid, Johti. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, 
from 1829 to 1833. 

King, A.dain. — He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsyjvania, 
from 1827 to 1833, and died May 6, 1835. 

Kin{/, Austin, A. — He was born in 
Sullivan County, Tennessee, September 
20, 1801 ; received as good an educa- 
tion as the country then afforded ; stu- 
died law, and was licensed to practise on 
becoming of age ; removed to Missouri 
in 1830 ; in 1834 was elected to the Mis- 
souri Legislature; re-elected to the same 
position in 1836 ; in 1837 he was ap- 
pointed a Circuit Judge for Ray County, 
which position he held until 1848, when 
he was elected Governor of Missouri, 
the term of that office expiring in 1853 ; 
in 1862 he was again placed upon the 
Bench in his old circuit, and during that 
year was elected a Representative, from 
Missouri, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on the Judici- 
ary ; was subsequently reported against 
by the Committee on Elections. 

King, Cyrus, — Born in Scarbo- 
rough, Massachusetts, September 6, 
1772; graduated at Columbia College in 
1794; was private secretary to Rufus 
King, his half brother, in 1796; studied 
law, and practised twenty j^ears in Saco ; 
was a Major-General of inilitia ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1817. Died 
April 25, 1817. 

King, Daniel Putnam. — Bom 

in Danvers, Massachusetts, in 1800 ; gra- 
duated at Harvard in 1823. At first he 
contemplated the study of the law, but 
soon abandoned it for the practice of 
agriculture. In 1836 and 1837 he was 
a member of the Massachusetts Legisla- 
ture ; in 1838 and 1839 a member of the 
State Senate ; and in 1840 and 1841 Pre- 
sident of that body. Speaker of the 
House in 1848, and during that year he 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, and held that position until his 



death, which occurred in Danvers, July 
25, 1850. 

King, George G. — He was born in 
Rhode Island, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1853. 

King, Henry. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1831 to 1835, and also served 
in the Legislature of that State. Died 
at Allentown, Pennsylvania, July 13, 
1861, aged seventy-one years. 

King, James G. — He was born at 
Highwood, New Jersey, in 1791 ; was 
taken to England by his father when 
American Minister, and was educated 
there, and graduated at Harvard Col- 
lege in 1810; was an eminent merchant 
and banker in New York City, and a 
Representative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1849 to 1851. He died in 
Highwood, New Jersey, October 3, 1853, 
aged sixty-two years. 

King, John. — He was born in 1775; 
served in Congress, from New York, 
from 1831 to 1833 ; and died at New 
Lebanon, New York, September, 1, 
1836. 

King, John ^.— He was born in 
New York in 1788, and educate^ at 
Harrow, England. He was a member 
of the New York Assembly from 1819 
to 1821; and re-elected in 1832 and in 
1840, from Queen's County ; and in 1823 
he was elected to the State Senate. He 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1849 to 1851 ; and was 
also Governor of New York, from 1856 
to 1858. Rufus King, the diplomatist, 
was his father, and James G. King, of 
New Jersey, was his brother. He was 
also appointed Secretary of Legation at 
London, in 1826, and on the return of 
his father acted as Charge d'Affaires. 
He was also a Delegate to the Peace 
Congress of 1861. 

King, John JP. — He was a Senator 
in Congress, from Georgia, from 1833 to 
1837. 

King, Perkins. — He was a mem- 
ber of the New York Assembly in 1827, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1829 to 1831. 



216 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



King, Preston.— Both at Ogdens- 
burg, St. Lawrence County, New York, 
October 14, 1806. He graduated at 
Union College ; is a lawyer by profes- 
sion; was for several years a member of 
the JSTew York Legislature ; also a Re- 
presentative, from that State, from 1843 
to 1847, and from 1849 to 1853 ; after 
which he was elected to the United 
States Senate, which position he still 
retains, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. 
He was also a Delegate to the Balti- 
more Convention of 1864. 

King, Rufus. — He was born in 

Scarborough, Maine, in 1755 ; was edu- 
cated at Dummer Academy, in New- 
bury, Massachusetts; graduated at Har- 
vard College in 1777 ; in 1778 he was 
aide-de-camp to Sullivan in his expedi- 
tion against the British in Rhode Isl- 
and ; he studied law, and was admitted 
to the bar, in ISTewburyport, Massachu- 
setts, in 1780 ; he was elected, from that 
town, to the State Legislature ; in 1784 
was elected a Delegate to Congress, at 
Trenton ; was a member of the State 
Convention of Massachusetts, held in 
1787 ; he was a member of the Conven- 
tion which formed the Federal Consti- 
tution ; removing to New York City in 
1788, he was, in 1789, elected a Senator 
in Congress, and served his entire term, 
and was re-elected to the same position 
in 1813, remaining in that capacity 
until 1825. At the close of his first 
term in the Senate he was appointed, 
by President Washington, Minister to 
England, where he remained through 
the whole of President Adams's term, 
and during two years of President Jef- 
ferson's term. In 1825 President John 
Quincy Adams again appointed him 
Minister to England, but bad health 
prevented him from entering upon his 
duties ; and, returning home, he died 
at Jamaica, Long Island, April 29, 
1827. As a statesman, diplomatist, 
and political writer, he displayed great 
abilities, and he was the author of many 
of the papers written on the British 
Treaty in 1794, over the signature of 
Camilius ; as a man, he was universally 
respected and beloved. 

King, Rufus H. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 
1857. 



King, T. Butler. — He was born 

in Hampden, Hampshire County, Mas- 
sachusetts, August 27, 1804 ; was edu- 
cated at Westfield Academy ; studied 
law, and removed to Georgia in 1823, 
where he devoted himself to planting. 
In the years 1832, 1834, 1835, and 1837, 
he was a member of the State Senate ; 
and he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Georgia, from 1839 to 1843, 
and again from 1845 to 1847, and for 
another term ending with 1849, serving 
much of the time on the Committee on- 
Naval Affairs, in which he took espe- 
cial interest. He was also a member, 
in 1833, of the Milledgeville Conven- 
tion ; in 1836, of the Macon Railroad 
Convention; and, in 1840, of the Young 
Men's Convention at Baltimore ; be- 
sides serving as the President of various 
canal and railroad companies. He sub- 
sequently became a resident of Califor- 
nia, but returned to Georgia, and was 
elected, in 1859, a Senator in the State 
Legislature. He was for two years 
Collector of the Port of San Francisco ; 
was identified with the Great Rebellion 
as a Commissioner to Europe ; and died 
in Georgia, May 10, 1864. 

King, William R. — Born in North 
Carolina, April 7, 1786; received a good 
education ; studied law and was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1806 ; was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from his native 
State, from 1811 to 1816 ; he resigned 
that position and accompanied William 
Pinckney to Europe, as Secretary of 
Legation ; and, on his return from Eu- 
rope, he settled in the Territory of Ala- 
bama, and devoted himself to planting. 
He was a member of the Convention 
which formed the State Constitution of 
Alabama ; in 1819 he was elected a 
Senator in Congress, from Alabama, 
where he continued until 1844 ; in that 
year he was appointed Minister to 
France, and continued there two years ; 
in 1846 he was again elected to the 
United States Senate, where he re- 
mained until elected Vice-President of 
the United States, in 1852. During the 
Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth, Twenty- 
sixth, Thirty-first, and Thirty-second 
Congresses, he ofliciated as President, 
pro tern., of the Senate, and as a pre- 
siding officer, as well as a man, com- 
manded universal respect. At the time 
of his election, as Vice-President, his 
health was feeble, and, when the time 
arrived for taking the constitutional 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



217 



oath of that office, he was in Cuba, and 
the oath was administered by the Ame- 
rican Consul there. He returned to his 
plantation at Cahawba, Alabama, April 
17, 1852, and died on the following day. 

Kingsbury, Willicitn W. — Born 
in Towanda, Bradford County, Penn- 
sylvania, June 4, 1828. He was self- 
educated ; he was bred a farmer, emi- 
grated to Minnesota, and in the year 
1855 was first elected a member of the 
Minnesota Legislature, and again in 
1856. In 1857 was Delegate to the 
Convention for framing a Constitution 
for Minnesota, and elected a Delegate 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress. 

Khinard, George L. — He was a 

Kepresentative in Congress, from In- 
diana, from 1833 to 1837, and died at 
Cincinnati, November 26, 1838, from 
injuries received on the sixteenth of 
that month on boarcJ the steamboat 
Flora, which exploded near that city. 

Kinney, John Fitch. — Born in 

New Haven, Oswego County, New 
York, April 2, 1816 ; received an aca- 
demical education, studied law, settled 
in Marysville, Ohio, and was admitted 
to practice at "Court and Bank" in 
1837. In 1839 he removed to Lee Coun- 
ty, Iowa ; held the office of Secretary of 
the Legislative Council for the Terri- 
tory, and also that of District Attor- 
ney. Upon the admission of Iowa as a 
State he was appointed one of the Judges 
of the Supreme Court, holding the office 
two years, when he was elected to the 
same by the Legislature for six years. 
In 1853 he was appointed, by President 
Pierce, Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court of Utah, and went to that Terri- 
tory in 1854 ; in 1857 removed to Ne- 
braska Territory, and settled in the 
practice of law ; in 1860, by President 
Buchanan, he was again appointed Chief 
Justice of Utah, holding that office until 
1863, when he was elected, by a unani- 
mous vote, a Delegate from Utah to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress. 

Kinsey, diaries. — He was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1817 to 1819, and from 
1820 to 1821. 

Kinsley, Martin. — He was born 
in Bridgewater, Massachusetts, June 2, 
1754 ; graduated at Harvard University 



15 



in 1778, and studied medicine ; per- 
formed some service in the Revolution- 
ary war, and was chosen a Delegate to 
the Convention for forming the Consti- 
tution of his native State ; served in 
tlie Legislature of Massachusetts about 
thirty years ; he was also at different 
periods a member of the State Council ; 
a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; 
Judge of Probate ; and a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1819 to 1821. He died June 20, 
1835. 

Kirkland, Joseph. — He was born 
in Old Norwich, Connecticut, in 1771 ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1790; re- 
moved to Utica, New York, and was 
the first Mayor of that city ; served fre- 
quently in the State Legislature ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1821 to 1823. He died 
at Utica, January 26, 1844. 

KirJipatricJc, Littleton. — Born 

in New Brunswick, New Jersey; gra- 
duated at Princeton College in 1815 ; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from New Jersey, from 1843 to 1845. 
He was also for five years Surrogate of 
the County of Middlesex. 

Kirlxpatrich, IV. — He was born in 
Amwell, Hunterdon County, New Jer- 
sey, in November, 1768; was educated 
at Princeton College, graduating in 
1788; studied medicine, and was admit- 
ted to practice in 1795; in 1806 he re- 
moved to Salina, New York, and became 
Superintendent of the Salt Springs; was 
a Representative in Congress, from 1807 
to 1809, from New York ; and died of 
cholera, at Salina, September 2, 1832. 

Kirtland, Dorrance. — He was 

born in New York ; graduated at Yale 
College, in 1789; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1817 to 1819. 

Kitchell, Aaron. — Born in Morris 
County, New Jersey ; was a warm sup- 
porter of the Revolution; a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New Jersey, from 
1791 to 1793, from 1794 to 1797, and from 
1799 to 1801 ; and a Senator in Congress 
from 1805 to 1809, when he resigned. 
He was also a member of the State Le- 
gislature. 

Kittera, John W. — He was a gra- 



218 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



duate of Princeton College in 1776 ; and 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1791 to 1801, when 
he was appointed United States District 
Attorney for the Eastern District of 
Pennsylvania. 

Kittera, Thomas.— B^e was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1826 to 1827. 

Kittredge, George IF.— He was 

born in New Hampshire; a physician 
by profession ; a member of the Legis- 
lature for three years, in 1847, 1851, and 
1852, officiating as Speaker in 1852; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1853 to 1855. 

Klingensniith, John, Jr. — He 

was born in Pennsylvania, and was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1835 to 1839. 

Knapp, Anthony i.— Born in 

Middletown; Delaware County, New 
York, June 14, 1828 ; removed with his 
father to Illinois, in 1839; studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1849, 
settling in the town of Jerseyville ; in 
1858 he was elected to the Senate of Il- 
linois, attending the sessions of 1859 and 
1861 ; and in the latter year he was 
elected a Eepresentative, from Illinois, 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
on the Committee on Eevolutionary 
Pensions. In 1862 he was re-elected to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Private Land Claims. 

Knajyp, Chauncey L. — He was 

born in Berlin, Vermont, February 26, 
1809. He commenced the active business 
of life by serving an apprenticeship of 
seven years in a printing-office in Mont- 
pelier ; was elected Eeporter for the Le- 
gislature in 1833 ; was co-proprietor and 
editor for some years of the State Jour- 
nal ; was elected Secretary of the State 
in 1836, in which capacity he served 
four years; and removing to Massachu- 
setts he was elected Secretary of the 
Massachusetts Senate in 1851 ; and was 
elected a Eepresentative to the Thirty- 
fourth, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, and was a member of the 
Committee on Territories. To him was 
awarded the credit, while editing the 
Journal, of first nominating General 
Harrison for the Presidency, which re- 
sulted in his obtaining the electoral votes 



of Vermont four years before he was 
really elected. Mr. Knapp's tastes have 
led him to the study of mechanics, and 
in all his public positions he has paid 
particular attention to the mechanical 
interests of his constituents. 

Knickerbocker, Herman. — He 

was born in New York in 1780, and was 
a descendant, in the third generation, 
of one of the original emigrants to New 
York. He early engaged in politics, 
and was a member of Congress, from 
1809 to 1811, as a Federalist; but during 
President Jackson's administration he 
became a Democrat. He died in Wil- 
liamsburg, New York, January 30, 1855. 
This was the person to whom Irving 
playfully alluded in the preface to his 
Knickerbocker as "my cou.sin the Con- 
gressman." 

Knight, Jonathan. — Born in 

Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Novem- 
ber 22, 1787, and removed with his 
parents, in 1801, to East Bethlehem, 
Washington County. He was mostly self- 
educated, and became a school teacher, 
and surveyor of lands. In 1816 he was 
appointed by the State Government to 
make and report a map of his county. 
He served three years as County Com- 
missioner, and was appointed, in 1827, 
a Commissioner to extend the National 
Eoad between Cumberland and Wheel- 
ing, through Ohio and Indiana to the 
eastern line of Illinois. In 1822 he 
was elected to the Legislature, and 
served six years. In 1828 he visited 
England to acquire a thorough know- 
ledge of civil engineering, and on his 
return was appointed Chief Engineer on 
the Baltimore and Ohio Eoad. He was 
elected, in 1854, a Eepresentative in the 
Thirty-fourth Congress ; after that time 
he was engaged in agriculture. He died 
in Washington County, November 22, 
1858. ■ 

Knight, Nehemiah. — He was a 

native of Ehode Island ; a farmer by 
occupation ; a prominent politician of 
the Federal school, and a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from 1803 to 1808. 

Knight, Nehemiah R. — Born in 

Cranston, Ehode Island, December 31, 
1780; was chiefly self-educated; at the 
age of twenty-two was elected to the 
State Legislature ; in 1805 he was elected 
Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas in 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



219 



Providence ; in 1812 he was chosen Clerk 
of the Circuit Court, and served until 
1817; he was also for many years Pre- 
sident of the Eoger Williams Bank; he 
was elected Governor of Rhode Island 
in 1817, and re-elected in 1819 and 1820; 
he was appointed, by President Madison, 
during the war with England, Collector 
of Providence ; and he was a Senator in 
Congress, from 1821 to 1841. He was a 
member, in 1843, of the State Constitu- 
tional Convention, after which he retired 
to private life. He died at Providence, 
Rhode Island, April 19, 1854. He was 
a man of sterling character, and a true 
patriot. 

Knoivlton, Ehenezer. — He was 

born in New Hampshire ; was educated 
for the ministry ; was elected to the 
Maine Legislature in 1844, 1846, and 
1848, serving during his second year as 
Speaker ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Maine, from 1855 to 
1857. 

Knox, James. — Born in Canajo- 
harie, Montgomery County, New York, 
July 4, 1807 ; graduated at Yale Col- 
lege in 1830 ; studied law at Utica, New 
York, and was admitted to the bar in 
1833. In 1836 he located at Knoxville, 
Illinois, where he has since resided, 
giving his attention chiefly to mercan- 
tile and agricultural pursuits. In 1847 
he was a member of the Constitutional 
Convention of Illinois, and in 1852 was 
elected a Representative in the Thirty- 
third Congress, and re-elected to the 
Thirty-fourth. He subsequently be- 
came blind, and visited Europe with a 
view of recovering his sight. 

Knox, Samuel. — He was elected a 
Representative, from Missouri, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, having success- 
fully contested the seat occupied by P. 
P. Blair, Jr., and taking his own seat 
near the close of the first session. 

Krebs, Jacoh, — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1826 to 1827. 

Krevner, George. — Born in Dau- 
phin County, Pennsylvania, in 1775, 
and died in Union County, Pennsylva- 
nia, September 11, 1854. He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1823 to 1829. 



Kiihns, Joseph H. — He was born 

in Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1851 to 1853. 

Kunkel, Jacob 31. — Was born in 
Frederick, Maryland, July 28, 1822; 
graduated at the University of Virginia 
in 1843 ; studied law, and commenced 
practice in 1846 ; and in 1850 was elected 
to the Maryland Senate for six years, 
but the change in the State Constitu- 
tion cut short his term. He was elected 
a Representative, from Marj'land, to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committees on Revolu- 
tionary Claims, and Expenditures in 
the Treasury Department. Also elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving 
on the Committee on Accounts. 

Kunkel, John C — Born in Penn- 
sylvania, a lawyer by profession, and a 
member of the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
from his native State, and a member of 
the Committee on Claims. 

Kurtz, William H. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1851 to 1855. 

Labranch, Alcea. — He was born 
in Louisiana, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1845. 

Lacoclt, Abner. — Born in Vir- 
ginia in 1770. Without the advantage 
of much early education, he raised him- 
self by his talents to eminence as a le- 
gislator, statesman, and civilian. He 
tilled various public stations for a pe- 
riod of nearly forty years ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1811 to 1818, and United 
States Senator from 1813 to 1819. He 
died in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, 
April 12, 1837. 

Lahtn, Samuel. — Born in Leiters- 
burg, Maryland, April 22, 1812. His 
education was limited, yet his first 
earnings were the result of teaching 
school. In March, 1835, he removed 
to Indiana, and studied law, and then 
settled in Ohio. In 1887 he was elected 
Master in Chancery ; in 1842 a State 
Senator ; at various times to high posi- 
tions in the militia ; and to Congress, 



220 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



as a Kepresentative, in 1847, where he 
remained until 1849. 

LaMe, William A. — He was born 
in Maryland ; graduated at Washington 
College, in Pennsylvania ; studied law ; 
served in the Legislature of Maryland ; 
removed to Mississippi ; practised his 
profession there with success ; was elect- 
ed to the Senate of that State ; and was 
a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
Mississippi, during the Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

Latnar, Henry G. — He was born 
in Georgia, and was a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 
1833. 

Lamar, L. Q. C — He is a native 
of Georgia, having been born in 1820 ; 
but removed to Mississippi, studied law, 
and was elected a Kepresentative to the 
Thirty-iifth Congress, from that State, 
serving on the Committee on Elections. 
Ke-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Commerce. 
Joined the Great Kebellion in 1861. 

Lamh, Alfred TV, — He was born 
in New York, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from Missouri, from 1847 
to 1849. 

Lambert, John. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1805 to 1809; and from 
1809 to 1815 he was a member of the 
United States Senate. During the years 
1802 and 1803 he performed the duties 
of Governor of New Jersey, served 
many years in the Legislature of that 
State, and died in February, 1823, aged 
seventy-five years. 

Lancaster, Columbia. — He was 

a Delegate to Congress, from the Terri- 
tory of Washington, during the years 
1854 and 1855. 

Landrutn, John M. — He was 

born in Edgefield District, South Caro- 
lina, July 3, 1815; obtained the greater 
part of his education after he became of 
age, by his own exertions ; graduated at 
the South Carolina College in 1842 ; 
taught school and studied law at the 
same time ; in 1845 removed to Loui- 
siana, and settled at Shreveport, and 
was elected a Kepresentative, from 
Louisiana, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 



serving as a member of the Committee 
on Expenses in the Post-office Depart- 
ment. Resigned in February, 1861. 

Landry, J. Aristide. — He was 

born in Louisiana, and was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1851 to 1853. 

Landy, James. — He was born in 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 13, 
1813 ; received his education in his na- 
tive city ; devoted himself, for a time, 
to the occupation of a builder ; studied 
law, but abandoned the profession, and 
turned his attention to mercantile pur- 
suits. He has devoted much of his at- 
tention to the Public School System of 
Philadelphia, and has held the positions 
of Commissioner and President of the 
Board of School Commissioners. In 
1856 he was elected a Kepresentative to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania,, and was a member of the 
Committee on Commerce. 

Lane, Amos. — He was a Kepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Indiana, from 
1833 to 1837, having previously been a 
member of the State Legislature, and 
served one session as Speaker. He was 
a lawyer of the first ability, and filled 
a conspicuous place in the history of In- 
diana. He died in Lawrenceburg, in 
that State, in 1850. 

Lane, Henry S. — He was born in 
Montgomery County, Kentucky, Fe- 
bruary 24, 1811 ; received a good com- 
mon school education, and under a tu- 
tor, some knowledge of the classics ; 
studied law in Kentucky, but removed 
to Indiana, and was admitted to the 
bar in that State ; in 1837 he was elected 
to the Indiana Legislature ; was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from Indiana, 
from 1841 to 1843 ; served as a Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel of volunteers under General 
Taylor, in the war with Mexico, in 
1846 ; in 1859 he was elected to the 
United States Senate, to contest the seat 
of J. D. Bright, but was denied the seat ; 
in 1861 he was elected Governor of In- 
diana ; but, two days after his inaugu- 
ration, he was again elected a Senator in 
Congress, from Indiana, serving on the 
Committees on Military AflFairs, and of 
Pensions, and as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Enrolled Bills. 

Lane, James H, — He was born in 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



221 



Indiana, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Indiana, from 1853 to 
1855 ; settled in Kansas, and took an 
active part in politics ; and on the ad- 
mission of that State into the Union, he 
was chosen a Senator in Congress, for 
the term ending in 1865, serving on the 
Committees on Indian Affairs, and Agri- 
culture. During the early part of the 
Rebellion he was commissioned a Briga- 
dier-General of volunteers. He was 
also a Delegate to the Baltimore Con- 
vention of 1864. 

Lane, Joseph. — Born in Bun- 
combe County, North Carolina, Decem- 
ber 14, 1801. In his fifteenth year he 
became a clerk in a mercantile house 
in Indiana, and in 1822 was chosen a 
member of the Legislature of that State, 
serving in that capacity, with occa- 
sional intervals, until 1846. He partici- 
pated in the war with Mexico, acquit- 
ting himself with credit at Buena Vista 
and on other fields, and was appointed, 
by President Polk, a Brigadier-G-eneral. 
In 1849 he was appointed Governor of 
the Territory of Oregon, without his 
solicitation, and organized the govern- 
ment ; and was elected a Delegate to 
Congress, in 1851, where he was re- 
tained by his constituents until the 
admission of Oregon as a State, when 
he took his seat as a Senator in Con- 
gress in 1859. In 1860 he was nomi- 
nated for Vice-President on the ticket 
with Mr. Breckenridge, but was de- 
feated. 

Langdon, Chauncey. — He gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1787; was a 
Representative in Congress, from Ver- 
mont, from 1815 to 1817, and died in 
1830. He also served seven years in 
the Legislature of the State, and was a 
State Councillor for nine years. 

Lanffdon, John. — He was educa- 
ted for mercantile pursuits, and after- 
wards prosecuted business upon the sea, 
until the commencement of the contro- 
versy with Great Britain. He was one 
of the party which removed the powder 
and the military stores from Fort "Wil- 
liam and Mary, at New Castle, in 1774. 
In 1775 and 1776 he was chosen a De- 
legate to Congress. Commanding a 
company of volunteers, he served, for 
awhile, in Vermont and Rhode Island. 
In his own State, he was, in 1776 and 
1777, Speaker of, the House, and Judge 



of the Court of Common Pleas. In 1779 
he was Continental agent in New Hamp- 
shire, and contracted for the build- 
ing of several ships of war. In 1783 he 
was again appointed Delegate to Con- 
gress, and was afterwards repeatedly a 
member of the Legislature, and Speaker. 
In March, 1788, he was chosen Go- 
vernor of the State, and from 1789 to 
1801 he was Senator of the United 
States and President of the Senate pro 
tern, during the First Congress, and 
part of the Second. From 1805 to 1808, 
and again in 1810 and 1811, he was 
Governor of the State. He died in 1819, 
aged seventy-eight. 

Lannian, James. — Born in Nor- 
wich, Connecticut, June 14, 1769 ; 
graduated at Yale College, in 1788 ; 
studied law and was admitted to the bar 
in 1791, and settled as a lawyer in his 
native town ; he was a member of the 
Convention which formed the first Con- 
stitution of Connecticut in 1818 ; served 
two years in the Lower House of the 
Legislature in 1817 and 1832, and one 
year as a State Senator in 1819; and 
was for five years Attorney for the State, 
for New London County, from 1814 to 
1819, acquiring great local distinction 
by his abilities. He was elected a Sena- 
tor in Congress, serving from 1819 to 
1825, during one Congress as Chairman 
of the Committees on Post-ofiices and 
Post-roads, and Contingent Expenses 
of the Senate, and voted with the South 
on the Missouri Compromise ; during 
the Seventeenth Congress, he was at 
one time member of four committees, 
viz., that of Commerce and Manufac- 
tures, the Militia, District of Columbia, 
and the Contingent Expenses of the 
Senate. He was appointed, by the Go- 
vernor, to a second term in the Senate, 
in recess of the Legislature and before 
the vacancy occurred, and by a small 
majority the Senate decided that the 
appointment was without authority of 
law. He was subsequently Judge of 
the Supreme and Superior Courts of 
Connecticut, for three years, from 1826 
to 1829, and three years, from 1831 to 
1834, Mayor of Norwich, where he died, 
August 7, 1841. 

Lansing, Gevrit Y. — He was born 
in New York, served four years in the 
Legislature of that State, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1831 to 1837. He has also 



222 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



been a Eegent of the University of New 
York. 

Lansing, William E. — Was born 
in the town of Sullivan, Madison County, 
New York, in 1822 ; studied law at 
Iltica, and commenced the practice in 
1845 ; in 1850 he was elected District 
Attorney of Madison County ; in 1857 
Clerk of the same County ; and in 1860 
he was elected a Kepresentative, from 
New York, to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Indian Affairs . 

Laporte, John. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1833 to 1837. 

Larrabee, Charles U.— Born in 
Rome, Oneida County, New York, No- 
vember 9, 1820 ; when quite young, ac- 
companied his father to Ohio, and was 
educated at Granville College ; after 
devoting some attention to practical en- 
gineering, he studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1841, at Pontotoc, 
Mississippi ; in 1844 he settled in Chi- 
cago, Illinois, and edited for a time, the 
Democratic Advocate ; served one term 
as City Advocate for Chicago ; in 1847 
he settled in Wisconsin, and became a 
member of the Convention to form a 
State Constitution ; in 1848 he was 
elected a Circuit Judge, and after serv- 
ing ten years, resigned, and was elected 
a Representative, from Wisconsin, to 
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Expenses 
in the War Department. He subse- 
quently entered the army in the volun- 
teer service, and had command as Co- 
lonel, of a regiment from his State. 

La Sere, Entile. — He was born in 
Louisiana, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1846 to 
1847, and also for the two following 
terms, ending in 1851. 

Lathatn, Milton S. — Was born in 
Columbus, Ohio, May 23, 1827; gradu- 
ated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, 
in 1845; soon afterwards removed to 
Alabama, where he studied law ; was 
appointed in 1848, Clerk of the Circuit 
Court for Russell County ; removed to 
California in 1850, and was there ap- 
pointed Clerk of the Recorder's Court 
in San Prancisco ; he was soon after- 



wards chosen District Attorney for the 
counties of Sacramento and El Dorado, 
which he held until 1851. In 1852 he 
was elected a Representative, from Cali- 
fornia, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
declining a re-election ; he was appointed 
in 1855, by President Pierce, Collector 
of San Francisco, which office he held 
until 1857; havingbeen elected Governor 
of California, three days after his in- 
auguration, in January, 1860, he was 
elected a Senator in Congress, from 
California, for six years, serving on the 
Committees on Military Affairs, and on 
the Post-office and Post-roads. 

Lathroj), Samuel. — Born in 

Hampden County, Massachusetts, in 
1771 ; graduated at Yale College in 
1792; studied law, and attained a high 
position at the bar ; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1818 to 1826. He was also a mem- 
ber of the Massachusetts Senate for ten 
years, and President of that body in 
1829 and 1830. He died in West Spring- 
field, July 11, 1846. 

Lattimer, Henry. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Dela- 
ware, from 1794 to 1795, and a Senator 
in Congress, from 1795 to 1801, when 
he resigned. 

Lattimore, William.— Bom in 
Norfolk, Virginia, February 9, 1774, 
where he received a limited education ; 
he studied medicine ; removed to the 
Territory of Mississippi ; and was a De- 
legate to Congress, from that Territory, 
from 1803 to 1807, and from 1813 to 
1817. He was also a Delegate to the 
Convention which formed the first Con- 
stitution of Mississippi ; after which he 
retired to private life, and died April 3, 
1843. 

Lata, John. — Was born in New 
London, Connecticut, in 1798; gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1814 ; studied 
law, and was admitted to practice in the 
Supreme Court of Connecticut in 1817, 
and soon afterwards emigrated to the 
Territory of Indiana, locating himself 
at Yincennes. Soon after arriving in 
the West he was elected a Prosecuting 
Attorney, and in 1823 a member of the 
Legislature ; he was again elected At- 
torney for his district, and held that po- 
sition until promoted to a Judgeship, 
which office he held by re-elections for 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



223 



eight years. He subsequently removed 
to Evansville, where he resumed the 
practice of his profession. In 1860 he 
was elected a Eepresentative, from In- 
diana, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
serving on the Committees on the Li- 
brarj', and on Revolutionary Pensions. 
Like Mr. Charles F. Adams, Mr. John 
Law can mention the ftict, with excus- 
able pride, that his father, as well as his 
grandfather, both served their country 
as members of Congress, and witnessed 
the same events in our country's his- 
tory. Amasa Learned, who was also 
his grandfather on his mother's side, was 
in the first Congress that sat under the 
Constitution. He was re-elected to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committees on Agriculture, and Revo- 
lutionary Pensions, and the Select Com- 
mittee on Emigration. 

Law, Lyman. — Born at New Lon- 
don, Connecticut, August 19, 1770 ; gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1791 ; studied 
law with his father, Richard Law (who 
was a member of the Continental Con- 
gress), and practised at New London ; 
after serving in the Legislature of the 
State, and being Speaker of the House 
of Representatives, he was elected to 
Congress, and represented his State, in 
that body, from 1811 to 1817. He died 
in New London, February 3, 1842. 

Lawler, Jonh. — Born in North 
Carolina, June 12, 1796 ; was educated 
for the ministry, and became a clergy- 
man of the Baptist Church. In 1826 he 
was elected to the lower house of the 
Alabama Legislature, and was re-elected 
until 1831, in which year he was elected 
to the State Senate. In 1832 he was ap- 
pointed Receiver of Public Moneys for 
the Coosa Land District, and held the 
office until 1835. In 1833 he was elected 
Treasurer of the University of Ala- 
bama. He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Alabama, from 1835 to 1838. 
He died in Washington, May 8, 1838, 
during the first session of his second 
term. 

Lawrance, John. — He was born 
in the county of Cornwall, England, in 
1750, and emigrated to the city of New 
York in 1767. He studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1772, and in 1775 
was commissioned in the First New 
York Regiment, and served to the end 
of the Revolutionary war, his several 



grades having been Aide-de-camp to his 
relative. Colonel McDougal, Judge-Ad- 
vocate, and General, in which latter ca- 
pacity he conducted the court-martial 
called to try Major Andr6. In 1783 he 
resumed the practice of his profession 
in New York. In 1785 and 1786 he was 
a member of the First Congress. In 
1789 he was elected a State Senator, and 
during that year was elected, by a five- 
sixths vote, a Representative in the Fe- 
deral Congress, serving from 1789 to 

1793 ; was appointed by "Washington in 

1794 Judge of the United States District 
Court for New York ; and was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from 1796 to 1800, serv- 
ing for a short time as President pro-tevi. 
of that body, when he resigned, and re- 
tired to private life. He died in 1810. 

Latvrencef Abbott. — Born in Gro- 
ton, Massachusetts, December 16, 1792. 
His education was obtained at a district 
school and at Groton Academy, and in 
1808 he went to Boston, and became a 
clerk in the store of his brother Amos. 
In 1814 he was admitted as a partner in 
the concern, and for many years the 
twain prosecuted a very extensive im- 
porting business, and laid the founda- 
tions of their several fortunes. He was 
the travelling partner, and visited Eu- 
rope a number of times. He subse- 
quently became one of the foremost men 
in building up American manufactures, 
and the flourishing city of Lawrence 
was the oflspring of his enterprise. In 
1827 he was a Delegate to the Harris- 
burg Convention. He served in the 
Common Council of Boston in 1831, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
1835 to 1837, and again in 1839 and 1840. 
In 1842 he was appointed a Commis- 
sioner to arrange the Northeastern boun- 
dary question ; in 1849 he was invited 
by President Taylor into his cabinet, 
but declined ; he subsequently accepted, 
however, the appointment of Minister 
to England, where he acquitted himself 
with credit. He founded a scientific 
school in Cambridge, and his gifts and 
bequests to various charitable and reli- 
gious societies proved him to be a man 
of many noble qualities. Died in Bos- 
ton, August 18, 1855. 

Lawrence, Cornelius Van 
WycTc, — He was born in Flushing, 
Long Island, February 28, 1791: spent 
his boyhood working on his father's 
farm, and acquiring a good English edu- 



224 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



cation ; and, on arriving at the age of 
manhood, removed to New York City, 
with which, as a business man, he has 
been identified ever since. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from New 
York City, from 1832 to 1834 ; for two 
years following he was Mayor of the 
City of New York ; in 1836 President 
of the Electoral College for President ; 
and for twenty years he held the hon- 
orable position of President of the Bank 
of the State of New York. Among 
other positions of trust and responsi- 
bility which, with the above, have 
tended to give him a high reputation, 
may be mentioned the following : Di- 
rector of the Branch Bank of the United 
States and the Bank of America, Trus- 
tee of the New York Life and Trust 
Company, and of numerous Fire and 
Marine Insurance Companies. In 1856 
ill health compelled Mr. Lawrence to 
retire from the pursuits of active life, 
and he spent the closing years of his life 
in peace', on the spot where his ancestors 
have resided for two hundred years. 
Died at Flushing, February 20, 1861. 

Laivrence, John W. — He was 

born in New York ; served two years 
in the Assembly of that State, from 
Queen's County; and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from 1845 to 1847. 

Lawre7ice, Joseph. — He was born 
in Adams County, Pennsylvania, in 
1788; he served for nine years in the 
State Legislature, one year as State 
Treasurer, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1825 to 1829, and again from 1841 to 
the time of his death, which occurred 
in Washington, District of Columbia, 
April 17, 1842. 

Latvrence, Samuel. — He was born 
in New York ; served seven years in 
the Assembly of that State, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from the 
-same, from 1823 to 1825. 

Latvrence, Sidney. — He was born 
in Vermont, but removed to New York, 
and was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 
1849. 

Lawrevice, William. — Born in 
Washington, Guernsey County, Ohio, 
September 2, 1814 ; graduated at Jef- 
ferson College, Pennsylvania, in Sep- 



tember, 1835 ; engaged in mercantile 
and agricultural pursuits ; and served 
in the Ohio Legislature in 1843. He 
was a Presidential Elector in 1848, a 
member of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion of Ohio in 1850-51, State Senator 
in 1856-57, and elected a Representative 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, officiating 
as Chairman of the Committee on Ex- 
penditures in the State Department. 

Lawrence, William T. — Born 

in New York City, May 7, 1788 ; he 
was bred a merchant, and continued 
such until called into the service of the 
United States, in the war of 1812, as a 
militia Captain of artillery. In 1828 
he removed to Cayuga County, New 
York, and settled on a farm. In 1838 
he was chosen County Judge, and from 
1847 to 1849 he was a Representative in 
Congress ; he also served as delegate to 
several nominating conventions. 

Lawyer, Thomas. — He was a 

member of the New York Assembly, 
from Schoharie County, in 1816, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1817 to 1819. 

Lay, George W. — He was born in 
New York ; liberally educated ; a law- 
yer by profession ; and was a member 
of the New York Assembly, from Gene- 
see County, in 1840, having been a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1833 to 
1837. He was also appointed Charge 
d'AflTaires to Sweden, by President Ty- 
ler, in 1842. Died at Batavia, New 
York, October 21, 1860. 

Lazear, Jesse. — Was born in 
Greene County, Pennsylvania, Decem- 
ber 12, 1804 ; received his early educa- 
tion from his parents, and worked on a 
farm until he became of age ; served as 
a Clerk in the Recorder's ofiice ; in 
1829 and 1832 he was appointed Register 
and Recorder for his county ; and since 
that time (until 1864), he has held the 
position of Cashier of the Farmers' and 
Drovers' Bank of Waynesburg. In 
1860 he was elected a Representative, 
from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Private Land Claims, and 
Chairman of that on Expenditures on 
the Public Buildings ; and in 1862 he 
was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



225 



Public Expenditures, and again on that 
relating to Public Buildings. 

Lea, Luke. — He was born in Surry 
County, North Carolina, January 26, 
1782 ; removed at an early day with his 
father to Tennessee, where he was for 
several years Clerk of the House of Ke- 
presentatives; he served gallantly in 
Florida and in the Creek country, under 
General Jackson, in the Indian wars. 
He was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1833 to 1837, and for thirty years 
discharged the duties of Cashier of the 
State Bank, and Register of the Slate 
Land-office of Tennessee. In 1849, he 
was appointed, by President Taylor, 
Indian Agent of the Port Leavenworth 
Agency, and was highly esteemed by 
the Indians under his charge. He was 
returning to his residence, after making 
the Indian payments of his agency, 
when he was killed by a fall from his 
horse, June 17, 1851. 

Lea,Pryor, — Born in Knox County, 
Tennessee, in 1794; was educated at 
Greenville College ; studied law as a 
profession, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1817. He served with General Jack- 
son in the Creek war, in 1813; was 
Clerk to the Legislature in 1810 ; United 
States District Attorney in 1824 ; and 
a Representative in Congress, from 1827 
to 1831. In 1837 he removed to Jack- 
son, Mississippi, and in 1847 to Goliad, 
Texas. He projected the work called 
the "Central Transit," for building a 
railroad from Arkansas Bay to Mazat- 
lan, and was President of the Com- 
pany. 

Leach, De Witt C— Born in Cla- 
rence, Erie County, New York, Novem- 
ber 23, 1822. He was self-educated ; 
bred a farmer ; chosen a member of the 
Michigan Legislature in 1849 and 1850; 
and a member of the Convention to 
revise the State Constitution, in 1850; 
he was also State Librarian in 1855 and 
1856 ; and was elected a Representative 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Mi- 
chigan, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Revisal and Unfinished 
Business ; also elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
tee on Indian Affairs. 

Leach, JTanies M. — Born in Lands- 
downe, Randolph County, North Caro- 
lina; receivedagood classical education ; 



studied law and was admitted to the 
bar in 1842 ; served ten years in the Le- 
gislature of North Carolina ; and in 
1859 was elected a Representative, from 
that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Revolutionary Claims. 

Leadbetter, 2>. P. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and having removed 
to Ohio, was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from 1837 to 1841. 

Leahe, Shelton F. — Born in Al- 
bemarle County, Virginia, November 
30, 1812 ; received a good English edu- 
cation ; taught for three years an " old 
field school;" studied law, and in his 
twenty-fifth year was admitted to the 
bar'; in 1842 he was elected to the Vir- 
ginia House of Delegates ; was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1845 to 1847; in 1851 he was 
elected Lieutenant-Governor of Vir- 
ginia ; was a candidate for Governor in 
1854, but was defeated ; and in 1859 he 
was re-elected to the Federal House of 
Representatives for the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Manufactures. 

Lealce, Walter. — He was a soldier 
in the Revolutionary war ; in 1821 was 
elected Governor of Mississippi, having 
preMously served as Senator of the 
United States, from 1817 to 1820. He 
died at Mount Salus, Hines County, 
Mississippi, November 17, 1825. 

Learned, Aniasa. — Born in Kil- 
lingly, Connecticut, November 15, 1750, 
and died at New London, May 4, 1825. 
He graduated at Yale College in 1772 ; 
studied divinity, but preached for only 
a short time ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Connecticut, from 
1801 to 1805. He had been a member 
of the Convention which ratified the 
Constitution of the United States ; in 
1818 was a member of the Connecticut 
Constitutional Convention ; and after- 
wards frequently sat in the Assembly 
of his native State. 

Leary, Cornelius L. i.— Born in 
Baltimore, October 22, 1813 ; was edu- 
cated at St. Mary's College, in that city ; 
in 1835 he engaged in business in Louis- 
ville, Kentucky, but returned to Balti- 
more in 1837 ; in 1838 he was chosen a 
Delegate to the Maryland Assembly ; 



226 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



in 1847 he came to the bar ; was a Pre- 
sidential Elector in 1856 ; and in 1861, 
at a special election, he was elected a 
Kepresentative, from Maryland, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Commerce. 

Leavitt, Humphrey H, — He was 

born in Suffield, Connecticut, in June, 
1796; removed at an early day with his 
father to the Western Keserve of Ohio ; 
received an academical education ; and 
adopted the profession of the law, hav- 
ing been admitted to the bar in 1816 ; 
and he was a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from 1831 to 1834. He also served in 
the State Legislature, in the House in 
1825 and 1826, and in the Senate in 1827 ; 
and he has for many years been Judge 
of the District Court of Ohio, having 
been appointed, in 1834, by President 
Jackson. 

Le Blonde, Francis C — Was 

born in Ohio, and adopted the profession 
of law ; in 1851 he was elected for two 
years to the State Legislature ; was re- 
elected in 1853, and served as Speaker 
of that body ; and in 1862 he was elected 
a Eepresentative, from Ohio, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Public Expenditures. 

Lecompte, <Joseph. — He was born 
in Woodford County, Kentucky ; 'and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Kentucky, from 1825 to 1833. 

Lee, Crideon. — He was born in Am- 
herst, Massachusetts, in 1777 ; in early 
life removed to the city of N"ew York, 
where he became a leather merchant, 
and amassed a large fortune. He was 
at one time Mayor of JSTew York, a Pre- 
sidential Elector, and a member of Con- 
gress during the years 1836 and 1837. 
He died at Geneva, New York, August 
21, 1841. 

Lee, Henry. — Boi-n in Yirginia, 
January 29, 1756, and graduated at 
Princeton College in 1773. In 1776 he 
was appointed a Captain of cavalry, 
under Colonel Bland, and in September, 
1777, he joined the main army. His 
skill in discipline and gallant bearing 
attracted the notice of Washington, and 
he was soon promoted to the ^-ank of 
Major, with the command of a separate 
corps of cavalry, and then advanced to 
the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. From 



1780 to the end of the war he served 
under G-reene. The services of Lee's 
Legion in various actions were very im- 
portant. He particularly distinguished 
himself in the battle of G-uilford ; after- 
wards, he succeeded in capturing Fort 
Cornwallis, and othertforts ; he was also 
conspicuous at Ninety-six, and at the 
Eutaw Springs. In 1786 he was appoint- 
ed a Delegate in Congress, from Virgi- 
nia, in which body he remained till 
the Constitution was adopted, having in 
the Convention of Virginia advocated 
its adoption. In 1791 he was chosen 
Governor of Virginia, and remained in 
office three years. By appointment of 
Washington, he commanded the forces 
sent to suppress the Whiskey Insurrec- 
tion in Pennsylvania. He was a mem- 
ber of Congress at the period of Wash- 
ington's death, in 1799, and was ap- 
pointed, by Congress, to deliver a eulogy 
on the_ occasion. He it was who first 
uttere'd the memorable saying in regard 
to Washington, "First in peace, first in 
war, and first in the hearts of his coun- 
trymen." In 1801 he retired to private 
life, and in his last years he was dis- 
tressed with pecuniary embarrassments ; 
while confined in 1809 within the bounds 
of Spottsylvania County, for debt, he 
wrote his valuable "Memoirs of the 
Southern Campaigns." In 1814, during 
the mob at Baltimore, he was one of the 
defenders, and was severely wounded, 
and carried to the jail for safety. Ee- 
turning from the West Indies, where 
he had gone for health, he died at Cum- 
berland Island, near St. Mary's, G-eor- 
gia, March 25, 1818. 

Lee, tfohn. — He was a Eepresenta:. 
tive in Congress, from Maryland, from 
1823 to 1825. 

Lee, Joshua. — He was born in New 
York, and served three years in the Le- 
gislature of that State, from Ontario and 
Yates counties, and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from New York, from 
1835 to 1837. 

Lee, M. Lindley. — Born in Mini- 
sink, Orange County, New York, May 
29, 1805; spent his boyhood alternately 
working upon a farm in summer and at- 
tending the district school in winter ; 
when sixteen years of age commenced 
an academical course of study, and gra- 
duated at Union College in 1827 ; and 
having studied medicine and surgery, 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



227 



obtained a degree in 1830 from the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons of 
Western New York. While devoting 
himself to his profession he was appoint- 
ed Postmaster of Fulton, Orange Coun- 
ty, New York, serving from 1840 to 
1844 ; he was elected in 1846 and 1847 
to the Assembly of New York ; sub- 
sequently held the position, for three 
terms, of Commissioner of Loans for the 
State ; was a member of the State Se- 
nate in 1855 ; and in 1858 was elected 
a Representative to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, from New York, serving as a 
member of the Committei on Post-offices 
and Post-roads. 

Lee, Richard Henry. — Was born 
at Stratford, Westmoreland County, 
Virginia, January 20, 1732, and was 
educated at Wakefield, Yorkshire, Eng- 
land. He had a seat in the House of 
Burgesses, of Virginia, in 1757, and 
proposed there, in 1773, the formation 
of a Committee of Correspondence. He 
had the honor of originating the first 
resistance to British oppression, in the 
time of the Stamp Act, in 1765. He 
was a member of the First Congress, in 
1774, and in October prepared the draft 
of the memorial to the people of British 
America. In accordance with instruc- 
tions from the Virginia Convention, he 
first proposed in Congress a declaration 
of independence, June 7, 1776, and a 
committee was appointed to prepare it. 
The second eloquent address to the peo- 
ple of Great Britain was drawn up by 
him ; and after the adoption of the 
Articles of Confederation, he withdrew 
from Congress, but was re-elected in 
1784, and chosen President of that body, 
serving till 1787. He contended for the 
necessity of amendments to the Consti- 
tution previously to its adoption in 1789 ; 
and was a Senator, from Virginia, from 
1789 to 1792, serving one session as Pre- 
sident pro iem. of that body. He was 
the author of a number of political 
pamphlets, and his correspondence was 
published in 1825. He died at Chantilly , 
Westmoreland County, Virginia, June 
9, 1794. 

Lee, Silas. — He graduated at Har- 
vard University in 1784; served in the 
Massachusetts Legislature in 1793, 1797, 
and 1798 ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1799 to 
1802 ; Judge of Probate from 1805 to 
1814 ; for gome years Chief Judge of the 



Court of Common Pleas ; and he was 
appointed, by President Adams, United 
States District Attorney for Maine. 
Died in 1814. 

Lee, Thomas. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Jer- 
sey, from 1833 to 1837 ; and died at 
Port Elizabeth, November 2, 1855. 

Lee, Thomas Bland. — He was a 

native of Virginia, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1789 to 1795, 
having previously served in the Conti- 
nental Congress, and died in 1827. 

Lect, Isaac. — Born in Pennsylva- 
nia in 1802 ; was for several years in 
the Senate of that State ; a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1829 to 1831; 
and died at Washington, Pennsylva- 
nia, June 10, 1844. 

Lefevre, Joseph. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1811 to 1813. 

Lejferets, John. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1813 to 1815; a member of 
the State Constitutional Convention of 
1821 ; and a State Senator, from 1822 
to 1825. 

Leffler, Isaac. — Born in Washing- 
ton County, Pennsylvania, in Novem- 
ber, 1788; was educated at Jefferson 
College ; studied law and settled in 
Wheeling, Virginia; in 1817 was elected 
to the Virginia Legislature, where he 
served eight years ; in 1827 was elected 
a member of the Board of Public Works; 
and he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1827 to 1829. 
In 1832 again elected to the Virginia 
Legislature ; in 1835 removed to Bur- 
lington, Iowa ; served two years in the 
Legislature of Wisconsin Territory ; 
one year as Speaker ; one year in the 
Legislature of Iowa ; in 1843 was ap- 
pointed Marshal of Iowa; in 1849 Re- 
gister of the Land Office at Stillwater, 
but declined ; in 1852 appointed Re- 
ceiver of the same office, whence he 
was removed for opinion's sake. 

Leffler, Shepherd. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Iowa, from 
1846 to 1851. 



228 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Leftivichf Jahez. — He was born 
in Bedford County, Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, frona that 
State, from 1821 to 1825. 

Legare, Hugh Swinton. — He 

was born at Charleston, Soutli Carolina, 
January 2, 1797 ; graduated at the Col- 
lege of that State in 1814, and, after 
having studied law, went to Europe, 
where he remained until 1820, occupied 
with the pursuits of literature. On his 
return to Charleston, he devoted him- 
self to the practice of his profession and 
to agricultural pursuits. In 1830 he 
was a,ppointed Attorney-General of the 
State, and was the principal editor of 
the Southern Eeview. In 1832 he was 
appointed Charg^ d 'Affaires of the Uni- 
ted States to Belgium ; from 1837 to 
1839 was a Representative of his native 
State in Congress ; and in 1841 was ap- 
pointed Attorney-General of the United 
States by President Tyler, and also Act- 
ing Secretary of State. He died, sud- 
denly, at Boston, June 20, 1841, while 
accompanying the President in his jour- 
ney to attend the Bunker Hill Celebra- 
tion. His fine taste as a writer, his emi- 
nent acquirements as a scholar, and his 
learning and eloquence as a lawyer, 
were known and appreciated through- 
out the Union. His writings were col- 
lected and published in 1846. 

Lehman, William E. — Born in 
Philadelphia, August 21, 1822 ; gra- 
duated at the University of Pennsyl- 
vania in 1843 ; studied law, and, after 
practising with success, retired from the 
bar and travelled in Europe. By Pre- 
sident Polk he was appointed an Ex- 
aminer of Post-offices in New York and 
Pennsylvania, his only office by ap- 
pointment ; and he was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Pennsylvania, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Accounts. 
His family was one of note in Dresden, 
his father and grandfather having ac- 
quired distinction in the civil and mili- 
tary service. 

Leih, Michael. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1799 to 1806, and a Senator 
of the United States from 1808 to 1814, 
and in the latter year he was appointed 
Postmaster at Philadelphia. He also 
served in the Legislature of Pennsyl- 
vania both before and after his election 



to Congress. Died in Philadelphia, De- 
cember 28, 1822, aged sixty-three years. 

Leib, Owen D- — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1845 to 1847. Died June 17, 1848. 

Leidy, Paul. — Born in Hemlock, 
Columbia County, Pennsylvania, No- 
vember 21, 1813. He was educated at 
a common school ; the early part of his 
life was devoted to agricultural pur- 
suits ; from the age of sixteen to twenty- 
four he followed the business of a tailor ; 
taught school, and having studied law 
at the same time, has since practised 
that profession. He was for five years 
District Attorney for Montour County ; 
for a short time Superintendent of 
Common Schools for the same county; 
and was elected a Representative to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as 
a member of the Committee on Roads 
and Canals. 

Leigh, Senjamin Watlcins. — 

Born in Virginia in 1782, and died at 
Richmond, February 2, 1849. He was 
one of the most eminent men of his 
State, well known as a lawyer and pub- 
lic man. From 1829 to 1841 he was 
Reporter of the State ; frequently a mem- 
ber of the House of Delegates ; a mem- 
ber of the Convention of 1830 for re- 
vising the State Constitution ; and a 
Senator in Congress from 1834 to 1837. 

Leiper, George €r. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1829 to 1831. 

Letter, Senjamin F. — He was 

born in Leitersburg, Washington Coun- 
ty, Maryland, October 13, 1813. He 
was chiefly educated by his father ; 
taught school in Maryland, from 1880 
to 1834 ; removed to Ohio and taught 
there until 1842, after which he was 
admitted to the bar and devoted him- 
self to the practice of law, in which he 
was successful ; he was elected to the 
Ohio Legislature in 1848, and was chosen 
temporary Chairman, by the Demo- 
crats, acting as such throughout the 
long contest of that year between his 
party and the Whigs, which is now 
spoken of in Ohio as the "days of the 
Revolution;" in 1849 he was re-elected 
and chosen Speaker ; and in 1854 he 
was elected to Congress, and re-elected 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



229 



to each successive Congress, serving as 
a member of the Committee on Indian 
Affairs. 

Lent, tTanies. — He was a member 
of Congress, from New York, from 
1829 to 1833, and died in Washington, 
February 24, 1833. He was Chairman 
of the Committee on Expenditures in 
the Department of State. 

Leonard, George. — Born in Bos- 
ton, July 4, 1729; graduated at Har- 
vard College in 1748 ; a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from 1789 to 1793, and 
from 1795 to 1797; a man of unusual 
wealth ; for his learning was made a 
Doctor of Laws; and died at Newton, 
Massachusetts, July 26, 1819. His de- 
scendants are numerous, and many of 
them distinguished. 

Leonard, Moses G. — He was born 
in Connecticut ; was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from New York, from 
1843 to 1845, and was for several years 
Commissioner of Emigration in the city 
of New York. 

Leonard, Stephen B.—B.Q was 

born in New York, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 
to 1841. 

Letcher, John. — Born in Lexing- 
ton, Rockbridge County, Virginia, 
March 29, 1813 ; he commenced his 
classical studies at Washington College, 
and completed his education at Ran- 
dolph Macon College ; adopted the pro- 
fession of law, and was admitted to 
practice in 1839 ; during that year he 
established, and for a time edited, the 
Valley Star, in Lexington ; a member 
of the Convention for reforming the 
Constitution of Virginia in 1850; and 
was elected a Representative in the 
Thirty-second, Thirty-third, Thirty- 
fourth, and Thirty-fifth Congresses, 
serving generally as a member of the 
Committee of Ways and Means. He 
was, in 1859, elected by the democracy 
of Virginia Governor of that Com- 
monwealth. 

Letcher, Robert P. — He was born 
in Goochland County, Virginia; re- 
ceived a good education, and adopted 
the profession of law. He served a 
number of years in the State Legisla- 



ture, and was at one time elected Speaker 
of the House ; was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1823 to 1835; Governor 
of Kentucky from 1840 to 1844 ; and 
in 1849 was appointed Minister to 
Mexico. Died in Frankfort, Kentucky, 
January 24, 1861. 

Levin, Lewis C. — He was born in 
Charleston, South Carolina, November 
10, 1808; received a liberal education, 
having graduated at Columbia College, 
South Carolina ; adopted the profession 
of law, and practised the same in Mary- 
land, Louisiana, Kentucky, and Penn- 
sylvania ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1845 to 1847, and again from 1847 to 
1851, generally serving on the Commit- 
tee on Naval Affairs. To him is gene- 
rally awarded the credit of having 
founded, in 1843, the Native American 
Party. Died in Philadelphia, March 
14, 1860. 

Lewis, Abner. — He was born in 

New York ; was a member of the As- 
sembly of that State, from Chautauque 
County, in 1838 and 1839, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1845 to 1847. 

Lewis, Dixon H. — Born in Din- 
widdle, County, Virginia, in 1802, and 
was educated at the South Carolina Col- 
lege. He studied law, removed to Ala- 
bama, and became eminent in his pro- 
fession. He was an able and amiable 
man, and physically very large and 
fleshy ; and the story is related of 
him, that when returning home on one 
of the Southern steamers, which was 
wrecked, he refused to take a seat in a 
small boat, because the lives of sevej-al 
persons would thereby be jeopardized, 
and though for a time he was in great 
danger, he was rescued. He represented 
Alabama in Congress, from 1829 to 
1843, and from 1844 until his death was 
a Senator in Congress. Died in New 
York, October 25, 1848. 

Lewis, Joseph, Jr. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Representative, 
from that State, to the Thirteenth Con- 



Lewis, Williairi J. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1817 to 1819. 



230 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Ligon, Thomas W. — He was born 
in Prince Edward County, Virginia, 
placed at an early age at Hampden Syd- 
ney College, but finished his education 
at the University of Virginia. He stu- 
died law, and after spending a year and 
a half at the Yale Law School, settled 
in Baltimore. He was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from Maryland, from 1845 
to 1849, having been re-elected for a 
second term ; and was elected in 1854 
Governor of that State. 

Lilly, Samuel. — Was born in New 
York, adopted the medical profession, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from New Jersey, from 1853 to 1855. 

Lincoln, Abraham. — He was 

born in Hardin County, Kentucky, 
February 12, 1809 ; removed with his 
father to Indiana in 1816 ; received a 
limited education ; spent two years at 
school in Stafford County, Virginia ; 
taught school and studied law for a time 
in Culpeper County, of that State ; re- 
moved to Illinois in 1830, and turned 
his attention to agricultural pursuits ; 
he served as a Captain of volunteers in 
the Black Hawk war ; was at one time 
Postmaster in a small village ; and he 
served four years in the Illinois Legis- 
lature, during which time he turned his 
attention again to the study of law, and 
settled at Springfield in the practice of 
his profession. He was a member of 
the National Convention which nomi- 
nated General Taylor for President in 
1848, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Illinois, from 1847 to 1849, 
serving on the Committees on the Post- 
office and Post-roads, and on Expenses 
in the War Department. In 1858 he 
acquired distinction by stumping the 
State of Illinois, for the United States 
Senate, against S. A. Douglas ; and in 
1860 he was nominated by the Republi- 
can Party as their candidate for Presi- 
dent of the United States, and was duly 
elected to that position for the term 
commencing the 4th of March, 1861. 
By the Baltimore Convention, held in 
1864, he was nominated for re-election 
to the Presidency. 

Lincoln, Enoch. — Born in Wor- 
cester, Massachusetts, December 28, 
1788 ; and, after studying law, settled 
in Fryeburg, Maine, and afterwards 
removed to Paris. He was a member 
of the United States House of Repre- 



sentatives, from Massachusetts, from 
1818 to 1820, and from 1821 to 1826 
from the new State of Maine, when he . 
was elected Governor of Maine, and re- 
elected in 1828. He published, while 
at Fryeburg, a poem, entitled " The 
Village;" he was also the author of 
some historical recollections of Maine. 
He died at Augusta, October 8, 1829. 

Lincoln, Levi. — Born May 15, 
1749, at Hingham, Massachusetts ; gra- 
dviated at Harvard College in 1772; and 
settled as a lawyer in Worcester, where 
he rose to distinction ; was Judge of Pro- 
bate ; a State Senator in 1797; County 
Prosecutor in 1775; a State Councillor 
in 1806, 1810, and 1811 ; and he was a 
Representative in Congress, from 1799 
to 1801 ; and during the administration 
of President Adams he wrote a series of 
political papers, called "Farmer's Let- 
ters." In 1801 he was appointed At- 
torney-General of the United States, 
and acted as Secretary of State until 
Mr. Madison reached Washington ; and 
in 1807 was Lieutenant-Governor of 
Massachusetts ; acting as Governor in 
1809, after the death of Governor Sul- 
livan. In 1811 he was appointed Asso- 
ciate Judge of the Supreme Court, but 
declined the office. He died at Wor- 
cester, Massachusetts, April 14, 1820, 
aged seventy-one years. 

Lincoln, Levi. — He was born in 
Massachusetts ; was a State Senator in 
1812 ; a State Representative from 1814 
to 1823, and two years Speaker ; Lieute- 
nant-Governor of Massachusetts in 1828 ; 
Judge of the Supreme Court of the State 
in 1824 ; Collector at Boston, from 1841 
to 1843 ; a State Senator in 1844 and 1845, 
and President thereof; Mayor of Wor- 
cester in 1848 ; and Governor of Massa- 
chusetts, from 1825 to 1834; and from 
1834 to 1841 was a Representative in 
Congress. 

Lindley, tfanies <J. — Born at 
Mansfield, Ohio, January 1, 1822; went 
with his parents to Kentucky when a 
boy, and lived at Cynthiana several 
years ; was a student in Woodville Col- 
lege, Ohio, for two years ; studied law, 
and located at Monticello, Missouri, in 
1846. In 1848 he was elected Circuit 
Attorney for eight counties, and re- 
elected in 1852. He was a Representa- 
tive in the Thirty- third Congress, and 
was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth. He 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



231 



afterwards removed to Davenport, Iowa, 
and engaged in the practice of his pro- 
fession. 

Lindsley, William D. — He was 

born in Connecticut, and having re- 
moved to Ohio, was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Con£;ress, from that State, 
from 1853 to 1855. 

Linn, Archibald L. — He was born 
in New York; was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 
1843; and was a member of the State 
Assembly, from Schenectady, in 1844. 

Linn, James. — He graduated at 
Princeton College in 1769, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1799 to 1801, when he was 
appointed, by President Jeiferson, Su- 
pervisor of the Revenue. He also held 
the office, for many years, of Secretary 
of State of New Jersey. Died at Tren- 
ton, December 28, 1820. 

Linn, John. — He was for many 
years a member of the New Jersey As- 
sembly and a Representative in Congress, 
from New Jersey, of which State he was 
a native, from 1817 to 1821. Died, 
January 6, 1821. 

Linn, Lewis F. — Born near Louis- 
ville, Kentucky, November 5, 1795. He 
was educated chiefly by an elder brother, 
and studied medicine. In 1809 he re- 
moved to Missouri; and in 1814 helped 
to fight the battles of his country; after 
successfully practising his profession, he 
was elected to the State Legislature in 
1827; and in 1833 was elected a Senator 
in Congress ; in which capacity he served 
until his death, which occurred at St. 
Genevieve, Missouri, October 3, 1843. 
He proved himself to be a man of re- 
markable abilities, identified himself 
throughout his whole career in Congress 
with the interests of the valley of the 
Mississippi, and when he died, many of 
the best men in the country eulogized 
him for his manifold virtues. 

Litchfield, Elisha. — He was born 
in Canterbury, Connecticut, in 1795 ; 
served five years in the State Legislature, 
from Onondaga County ; was Speaker in 
1848 ; was many years a Justice of the 
Peace at Delphi, New York, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1821 to 1823, and again from 



1823 to 1825. Died at Cazenovia, New 
York, August 4, 1859. 

Little, Edward IP. — He was born 
in Massachusetts in 1788, and was a Re- 
presentative, in Congress, from that 
State, from 1852 to 1853. He was a 
State Representative from 1829 to 1834, 
and from 1835 to 1838; and Collector at 
Plymouth from 1853 to 1857. 

Little, Peter. — He was born in Pe- 
tersburg, Pennsylvania ; removed to 
Maryland ; and was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1811 to 1813, and was in the latter year 
appointed, by President Madison, Colo- 
nel of infantry ; and again a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1816 to 1829. 
Died, Februai-y 5, 1830, in Baltimore 
County, Maryland. 

Littlefield, Nathaniel S. — Born 
in Wells, York County, Maine, Sep- 
tember 20, 1804; received a common 
school education ; studied and adopted 
the profession of law ; was a member of 
the Maine Senate in 1837, 1838, and 
1839; President of the same a part of 
the time; a Representative, from Maine, 
to the Twenty-seventh and Thirty-first 
Congresses ; and a member of the Maine 
House of Representatives in 1854. Now 
devoted to his profession. 

Littlejohn, De Witt C— Was born 
in Bridgewater, Oneida County, New 
York, February 7, 1818; received a tho- 
rough academic education, and since 
1839 has been largely engaged in the 
commerce of the lakes and canals, as 
well as in the manufacture of fiour. He 
served as President of the village of 
Oswego, and when it became a city he 
became an Alderman, and was twice 
elected Mayor. He was seven times 
elected to the Assembly of New York, 
presiding as Speaker during five terms ; 
and in 1862 he was elected a Represen- 
tative, from New York, to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Roads and Canals, and as 
Chairman of the Committee on Revolu- 
tionary Pensions. 

Liverniore, Arthur. — Born in 
Londonderry, New Hampshire, July 26, 
1776. He was a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of New Hampshire from 1799 to 
1816; from 1825 to 1833 Judge of the 
Common Pleas ; and a Representative 



232 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



in Congress from 1817 to 1821, and from 
1823 to 1825. He died at Campton, New 
Hampshire, July 1, 1853. 

Livertnore, Edward S. — He was 

Judge of the Supreme Court of New 
Hampshire from 1797 to 1799; and a 
Representative in Congress, from Mas- 
sachusetts, from 1807 to 1811. Died in 
1832, aged eighty years. 

Livermore, Samuel. — Born in 
Waltham, New Hampshire, in 1732; 
graduated at Princeton College in 1752; 
was Judge-Advocate of the Admiralty 
before the Revolution; subsequently 
Judge of the Superior Court of New 
Hampshire ; and a Senator in Congress, 
from 1793 to 1801, when he resigned; 
and was President joro te7n. of that body 
during two sessions. He died at Hol- 
derness, May, 1803. 

Livingston, Edivard. — Born at 
Claremont, Livingston Manor, New 
York, in 1764 ; graduated at Princeton 
College in 1781 ; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1785, and pur- 
sued his profession till 1795, when he 
was elected a Representative to Con- 
gress, from New York City, serving 
until 1802. He was then appointed 
United States Attorney for the District 
of New York, and was also Mayor of the 
city. Removing to New Orleans in 1804, 
he became eminent there as a lawyer ; 
at the invasion of Louisiana he acted as 
the aid to General Jackson ; was em- 
ployed in negotiations for the exchange 
of prisoners after the war ; and was 
elected a Representative, from Louisi- 
ana, in Congress, from 1823 to 1829, and 
as a Senator of the United States, from 
1829 to 1831, when he was appointed by 
President Jackson Secretary of State, 
and in 1833 Minister to Prance. His 
"Penal Code" is considered a monu- 
ment of his profound learning. He died 
at Rhinebeck, May 23, 1836. 

Livingston, Henry Walter. — 

Was born in 1764; graduated at Yale 
College in 1786, and was educated to 
the law ; he was secretary in 1792 to 
Mr. Morris, Ambassador to France ; a 
Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1803 to 1807. He died at 
Livingston Manor, New York, Decem- 
ber 22, 1810, aged forty-two. 

Livingston, JRobert Le Roy. — 



He was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from the Sixth Congressional Dis- 
trict of New York, from 1809 to 1813 
but resigned in 1812, when he was suc- 
ceeded by T. P. Grosvenor ; he was then 
appointed by President Madison Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel of infantry. 

Lloyd, Edivard. — He was at one 

time Governor of Maryland ; a member 
of Congress from 1806 to 1809 ; and 
served as United States Senator, from 
Maryland, from 1819 to 1826, when he 
resigned. He was highly respected both 
in public and private life. He died June 
2, 1834. 

Lloyd, James. — He was a Senator 
in Congress, from Maryland, from 1797 
to 1800, when he resigned. 

Lloyd, tfames. — He was born in 
Boston, Massachusetts, in 1769; gra- 
duated at Harvard University in 1787 ; 
and devoted himself to mercantile pur- 
suits, and resided in Russia a number of 
years. He devoted some attention to 
literature ; was elected a member of the 
American Academy of Arts and Sci- 
ences ; and received from his Alma Ma- 
ter, in 1826, the degree of Doctor of 
Laws. He was a Senator in Congress, 
from Massachusetts, from 1808 to 1813, 
when he resigned, and again from 1822 
to 1826, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
mittees on Commerce, and Naval Affairs. 
His reputation was that of an able states- 
man and a wealthy and benevolent man. 
He died in New York City, April 5, 
1831. 

Loan, Benjamin F. — Born in 
Hardinsburg, Breckinridge County, 
Kentucky, in 1819 ; settled in Missouri 
in 1838, and adopted the legal profes- 
sion. "When the Rebellion broke out in 
1861, he took an active part in military 
affairs, and was appointed a Brigadier- 
General ; and in 1862 he was elected a 
Representative, from Missouri, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Military Affairs. Was 
subsequently reported against by the 
Committee on Elections. 

Locke, Francis, — Born in Rowan 
County, North Carolina, October 31, 
1766. He was elected Judge of the Su- 
perior Court in 1803, and, having re- 
signed, was chosen a Senator in Con- 
gress, for the years 1814 and 1815, from 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



233 



his native State, but appears not to have 
taken his seat. Died January, 1823. 

Locke, John. — He was born in 
Hopkinton, Massachusetts, in 1764; gra- 
duated at Cambridge in 1792 ; was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1796, and opened an 
office in A.shby. He represented that 
town in the Legislature in 1804, 1805, 
1813, and 1823. In 1820 he was a mem- 
ber of the Constitutional Convention of 
the State; and from 1823 to 1829 was a 
Kepresentative in Congress, from the 
Worcester North District. In 1830 he 
was State Senator from Middlesex 
County ; and in 1831 was a member of 
the Executive Council. He removed to 
Lowell in 1837, and thence, in 1849, to 
Boston, where he died, March 29, 1855. 

ZiOcke, Matthew. — Born in Eowan 
County, North Carolina, in 1730, and 
died in 1801. He was a member of the 
Congress at Halifax, in 1776, which 
formed the Constitution of North Caro- 
lina, and was a Kepresentative in the 
Congress of the United States, from 
1793 to 1799. He also served in the Le- 
gislature, and had four sons, at one 
time, in the Eevolutionary war. 

Lockhart, tfaines. — He was born 
in New York, but removed to Indiana, 
and was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from 1851 to 1853. Died at 
Evansville, Indiana, September 7, 1857. 

Logan, George. — Born at Stanton, 
near Philadelphia, September 9, 1753. 
He was educated at Edinburgh for the 
medical profession, but devoted a great 
portion of his time to agriculture ; and 
was a member of the Legislature of 
Pennsylvania. In 1798 he embarked 
for Europe for the sole purpose of pre- 
venting a war between America and 
France, and prepared the way for a ne- 
gotiation wluch terminated in peace. 
He was a Senator of the United States, 
from 1801 to 1807. He went to Eng- 
land in February, 1810, on the same 
peaceful mission which led him to 
France, but not with the same success. 
He was an active member of the Philo- 
sophical Society and the State Board of 
Agriculture; and in 1797 published 
" Experiments on Gypsum" and "Ro- 
tation of Crops." He died at Stanton, 
April 9, 1821. 

Logan, Henry. — He was born in 



Pennsylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1835 
to 1839. 

Logan, John A. — Born in Jack- 
son County, Illinois ; received a com- 
mon school education ; went with the 
army as a private in the war with Mex- 
ico, and was made Quartermaster of his 
regiment ; in 1849 was elected County 
Clerk of Jackson County, but resigned; 
in 1850 studied law, and came to the bar 
in 1852, having graduated at the Louis- 
ville University ; in 1852 was elected 
to the Illinois Legislature ; in 1853 was 
appointed a Prosecuting Attorney ; in 
1856 was a Presidential Elector; was a 
second time elected to the Legislature; 
and in 1858 he was elected a Represen- 
tative, from Illinois, to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Unfinished Business; re- 
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
and resigning, served as a Colonel in 
the Union army in 1861, and subse- 
quently as a General. 

Logan, WUliani. — He was born in 
Harrodsburg, Kentucky, December 8, 
1776 ; was a member of the State Con- 
stitutional Convention in 1799; studied 
law, and practised with success ; was 
frequently in the Legislature, and offici- 
ated as Speaker ; was twice chosen Judge 
of the Court of Appeals ; was a Senator 
in Congress during the years 1819 and 
1820 ; and died August 8, 1822. 

Long, Alexander. — He was born 
in Greenville, Mercer County, Pennsyl- 
vania, December 24, 181G ; was educated 
at Gary's Academj^ (now Farmer's Col- 
lege), Ohio; adopted the profession of 
law, practising in Cincinnati ; was elect- 
ed to the Ohio Legislature in 1848 and 
1849, and in 1862 was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee of Claims. He was also a Dele- 
gate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. 

Long, Edward H. — He was born 
in Maryland, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1845 
to 1847. 

Long, John. — Born in Loudon 
County, Virginia; was a farmer by pro- 
fession ; entered public life as a Senator 
in the Assembly, in 1815, and in 1821 
was elected to Congress, as a Represen- 



16 



234 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



tative, from North Carolina, where he 
remained until 1829. 

Longfellow , Stephen. — He was 

born in Gorham, Massachusetts, June 
23, 1775; graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1798; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1801 ; was for 
many years a leading politician and 
lawyer in Maine ; and a member of the 
Hartford Convention in 1814, of which 
body, at the time of his death, he was 
the only surviving Delegate from Mas- 
sachusetts. From 1817 to 1836 he was 
a member of the Corporation of Bow- 
doin College, from which institution he 
received the degree of LL.D. ; he was 
also a member of the State Constitu- 
tional Convention of 1819 ; a Kepresen- 
tative in the Maine Legislature in 1826 ; 
and a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
Maine, from 1823 to 1825 ; and died at 
■Portland, August 2, 1849. 

Longnecker, Henry C. — Born 
in Allentown, Lehigh County, Penn- 
sylvania, in 1825 ; graduated at Lafay- 
ette College ; adopted the profession of 
law ; served as a Lieutenant and also as 
Adjutant in the war with Mexico ; was 
appointed District Attorney for Lehigh 
County on his return ; and was elected 
a Eepresentative, from Pennsylvania, to 
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Military 
Affairs. 

Longyear, John W. — He was 

born in Shandaken, Ulster County, New 
York, October 22, 1820; received a good 
academic education ; removed to Michi- 
gan in 1844 ; studied law, and came to 
the bar in 1846 ; and was elected a Re- 
presentative, from Michigan, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Commerce, and as Chair- 
man of the' Committee on Expenditures 
on the Public Buildings. 

JLoontis, A. — He was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from Ohio, from 1837 
to 1838. 

LooniiSf Arphaxad. — He was for 

three years a member of the Legislature 
of New York, from Herkimer County, 
and a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1837 to 1839. 

Looinis, Dwight. — Born in Co- 
lumbia, Tolland County, Connecticut, 



July 27, 1821 ; received a common school 
education ; spent the most of his youth 
on a farm, and taught school for about 
one year ; commenced the study of law 
in 1844, and having finished his legal 
studies at New Haven, was admitted to 
the bar in 1847; since which time he 
has practised his profession at Eockville, 
Connecticut. In 1851 he was elected to 
the Connecticut Legislature ; was a De- 
legate in 1856 to the " People's Conven- 
tion" in Philadelphia; was a State Se- 
nator in 1857 ; and was elected a Eepre- 
sentative, from Connecticut, to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Mileage. 
Ee-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, serving on the Committees on 
Elections, and on Agriculture. 

Lord, Frederick W. — Born in 

Lyme, Connecticut, December 11, 1800 ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1821 ; was 
for two years Professor of Mathematics 
in Washington College ; had charge for 
three years of an academy in the city 
of Baltimore ; devoted himself, in Bal- 
timore, for several years, to the study 
of medicine, and received a diploma 
from Yale College, in 1829; spent fif- 
teen years in the practice of his profes- 
sion at Sag Harbor, New York, when 
he retired ; and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from New York, from 1847 
to 1849. He was also a Delegate to the 
Baltimore National Convention for no- 
minating a President in 1840. Died at 
New York, May 24, 1860. 

Love, tTanies. — He was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 
1833 to 1835. 

Love, tlohn. — He was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Virginia, from 
1807 to 1811. 

Love, P. E. — Born near Dublin, 
Laurens County, Georgia, July 7, 1818 ; 
was educated at Franklin College ; stu- 
died medicine and attended medical lec- 
tures in Philadelphia; relinquished that 
profession, and turned his attention to 
law, having been admitted to the bar in 
1839 ; in 1843 he was chosen Solicitor- 
General for the Southern District of 
Georgia ; in 1849 he was elected to the 
State Senate ; in 1853 he was appointed 
a Judge for the Southern Circuit of 
Georgia ; and was elected a Eepresenta- 
tive, from Georgia, to the Thirty -sixth 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



235 



Congress, serving on the Committee on 
Expenses in the State Department. 

Love, Thomas C. — He was a Ke- 

presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1835 to 1837. 

Love, WilUam C. — Born in Vir- 
ginia, educated at the University of 
North Carolina, of which his father was 
steward ; was a lawyer by profession, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
North Carolina, from 1815 to 1817. 

Lovejoy, Owen. — He was horn in 
Albion, Kennebec County, Maine, Ja- 
nuary 6, 1811; labored on a farm until 
eighteen years of age; taught school, 
and thereby received the means for a 
college education, which he received at 
Bowdoin. He was a clergyman of the 
Congregational church at Princeton, Il- 
linois, from 1838 to 1854, having resign- 
ed his pastoral duties to take a seat in 
the Illinois Legislature, in that year ; 
and in 1856 he was elected a Represen- 
tative, from that State, to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress ; re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth, Thirty-seventh, and the Thirty- 
eighth Congresses, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Revolutionary Claims, and 
Public Lands, and as Chairman of the 
Committees on Agriculture, and for the 
District of Columbia, and also a mem- 
ber of the Committee on the Territories. 
Died in Brooklyn, New York, March 
25, 1864. 

Lovett, John. — He was born in 
Norwich, Connecticut ; graduated at 
Yale College, and was a member of the 
New York Assembly in 1800 and 1801, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1813 to 1814, and from 
1815 to 1817. He died in 1818, in Ohio. 

Loivell, Joshua A. — He was born 
in Thomaston, Maine, March 20, 1801 ; 
his educational advantages were limited, 
but he commenced active life by teach- 
ing school ; he adopted the profession 
of law, having come to the bar in 1826 ; 
was a member of the Maine Legislature 
in 1826, 1831, 1832, 1883, 1835, and 1836 ; 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
Maine, from 1839 to 1843. He was also 
a Presidential Elector in 1844. 

Loiver, Christian. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1805 to 1807. 



Lowndes, Thofnas. — He was born 
in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1765; 
received a thorough education, and was 
one of the chivalrous citizens of his na- 
tive city. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from South Carolina, from 
1801 to 1805, and was distinguished for 
his talents. He died in Charleston, July 
8, 1843. 

Lowndes, William. — He was a 

native of Charleston, South Carolina, 
having been born February 7, 1782; 
educated by a private tutor ; served in 
the State Legislature in 1806 and 1808; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1811 to 1822, 
when, from ill health, he resigned. In 
1818 he was Chairman of the Committee 
of Ways and Means. He died while on 
a voyage, with his family, from Phila- 
delphia to London, in the ship Moss, 
October 27, 1822, aged forty-two. He 
had a memory of uncommon power, was 
an eloquent debater, and stood in the 
first rank of American statesmen. 

Loivrie, Walter. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1819 to 1825. He was afterwards 
Secretary of the United States Senate 
from 1825 to 1836. 

Loyall, George. — Born in Nor- 
folk, Virginia, May 29, 1789 ; graduated 
at Willia'm and Mary College in 1808. 
In 1815 he visited England, and on his 
return in 1817, was elected a member 
of the House of Delegates of Virginia, 
and served ten years. In 1829 was a 
member of the Convention to amend 
the State Constitution, and from 1831 
to 1837 he was a Representative in Con- 
gress. In 1837 he was appointed Navy 
Agent at Norfolk, and with the excep- 
tion of two years, he occupied that posi- 
tion until the breaking out of the Rebel- 
lion. 

Lucas, Edward. — He was born in 
Virginia, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1838 
to 1837. He was subsequently appoint- 
ed Government Superintendent at Har- 
per's Ferry, where he died March 4, 
1858. 

Lucas, John B. C— He was born 
in Normandy, France, in 1762; was 
educated at the University of Caen, 
where he graduated as Doctor of Civil 



236 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



and Common Law in 1782. He prac- 
tised his profession in his native country 
two years, and then emigrated to the 
United States, and settled on a farm 
near Pittshurg, Pennsylvania, where, 
in connection with agricultural pur- 
suits, he devoted himself to acquiring 
the English language, and making him- 
self acquainted with the history, con- 
stitution, and laws of his adopted coun- 
try. He soon gained the confidence of 
the people, and in 1792 was elected to 
the Legislature of Pennsylvania, and 
served as a Judge of the Court of Com- 
mon Pleas, for his district. In 1802 
he was elected a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, and re-elected in 1804. In 1805 
he was appointed, by President Jelfer- 
son, Judge of the United States Court 
in Upper Louisiana, when he resigned 
his seat in Congress, and removed to 
St. Louis. He was also Commissioner 
of Land Titles in that Territory. He 
held the office of Judge until 1820, when 
he retired to private life, on a farm ad- 
joining the city of St. Louis, where he 
died in September, 1842. 

Lucas, William. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1839 
to 1841, and for a second term, from 
1843 to 1845. 

IjUnvp1dn,John H. — He was born 
in Oglethorpe County, Georgia, June 

13, 1812 ; he was educated at Franklin 
and Yale Colleges ; served for a time 
as Secretary in the Executive Depart- 
ment of Georgia ; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1884 ; was elected 
to the State Legislature in 1853 ; in 
1838 he was Solicitor-General of the 
Cherokee Circuit ; and he was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Georgia, 
from 1843 to 1849, and re-elected to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress. He also held 
the office, for three years, of Judge of 
the Cherokee Circuit Court, and that 
of Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
State. Died in Eome, Georgia, in 1860. 

Lunip'kin, Wilson. — Born in 
Pittsylvania County, Virginia, January 

14, 1783. He received a common school 
education, and while engaged as a copy- 
ing clerk, in his father's office, studied 
law. Soon after attaining the age of 
twenty-one, he was sent to the State 
Legislature, and continued in that capa- 
city a number of years. He was twice 



elected Governor of Georgia. In 1823 
he was appointed, by President Monroe, 
to mark out the boundary line between 
Georgia and Florida ; and by President 
Jackson, was appointed a Commissioner, 
under the Cherokee treaty of 1835. He 
was also a member of the Board of Pub- 
lic Works. He served in the Federal 
House of Eepresentatives, from 1815 to 
1817, and from 1827 to 1831 ; and was a 
Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1841. 

Lyle, Aaron.— B.Q was a soldier in 
the Eevolution, and a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1809 to 1817. Died September 24, 1825. 

Lyman, J. S. — He was born in 
Hampden, Massachusetts, and was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1819 to 1821. 

Lyman, Samuel. — He was a gra- 
duate of Yale College in 1770 ; a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, from 1795 to 1800. From 1786 
to 1788 he served in the Legislature, 
and from 1790 to 1793 as State Senator. 

Lyman, William. — A native of 

Northampton, Massachusetts ; gradua- 
ted at Yale College in 1776, and was 
Brigadier-General of militia. He was 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from 1793 
to 1797 ; and appointed Consul to Lon- 
don in 1805, where he died, October, 
1811, aged about fifty-eight years. He 
was also a member of the Legislature 
in 1787, and a State Senator in 1789. 

Lynde, William P. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from Wis- 
consin, from 1848 to 1849. 

Lyon, JLsa. — Was a native of Con- 
necticut ; a graduate of Dartmouth Col- 
lege in 1790, and shortly after his gradua- 
tion, removed to South Hero, Vermont. 
He was appointed Chief Judge of Grand 
Isle County, in 1805, 1806, 1808, and 
1813. He was elected a Eepresentative, 
from South Hero, in 1802, 1804, 1805, 
1806, and 1808, and from Grand Isle in 
1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, and 1814. He 
was a member of the Executive Council 
in 1808 ; and was elected a member of 
Congress, from 1815 to 1817. He was 
a member of the Corporation of the 
University of Vermont, from 1814 to 
1821 inclusive. He is said to have been 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



237 



a second cousin of Robert Burns, the 
Scotch poet. He was for many years, 
and until his death, an able preacher of 
the Gospel. Although never regularly 
installed, he preferred the Calvinistic 
form of worship. He was distinguished 
for his ripe scholarship and eloquence. 
By rigid economy and prudence, he 
amassed wealth, and died at South Hero, 
April 4, 1841. His published sermons 
and patriotic addresses indicate a high 
order of talent, and an intimate ac- 
quaintance with modern and classic 
literature. 

Lyon, Caleb, of Lyonsdale. — The 

grandfather of this gentleman, who bore 
the same name, was a Lieutenant of the 
Massachusetts militia, and was wounded 
at Bunker Hill ; and his father, also 
named Caleb, was a member of the New 
York Legislature, and an ardent friend 
of De Witt Clinton. He was born in 
Lyonsdale, New York, December 7, 
1822 ; graduated at the University of 
Vermont, in 1841 ; travelled extensively 
in Europe ; was appointed by President 
Polk, Consul at Shanghai, China; on 
his return he visited Mexico, Brazil, 
Chili, Peru, the Sandwich Islands, and 
California, and was Secretary of the 
Convention called in 1849 to form a 
Constitution, and designed the coat of 
arms for the Golden State. He made a 
second visit to Europe, and extended 
his travels to Egypt and the Holy Land. 
From his native State, he was elected 
to the Assembly, but on the question of 
enlarging the Erie Canal, which he fa- 
vored, he resigned, and was, during the 
same year, elected to the State Senate 
as its youngest member, and for his 
services he was presented by his brother 
Senators, in the State Capitol, with a ser- 
vice of plate ; and was the author of the 
bill for purchasing Washington's head- 
quarters at Newburg, by the State ; 
and was subsequently elected a Eepre- 
sentative in the Thirty-third Congress, 
from New York. While abroad he 
was identified with the Kosta affair as 
the friend of Captain Duncan N. Ingra- 
ham. He writes poetry, lectures on 
the East, translates Oriental literature, 
and is a member of several Historical 
Societies, with a passion for archaeolo- 
gic and antiquarian lore. The title of 
LL.D. has been conferred upon him by 
the University of Vermont. In Febru- 
ary, 1864, he was appointed, by Presi- 
dent Lincoln, Governor of Idaho. 



Lyon, Chittenden. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1827 to 1835, and died in 
Caldwell County, Kentucky, in Novem- 
ber, 1842. 

Lyon, Francis S. — He was born 
in North Carolina, and having settled 
in Alabama, was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1835 to 1839. 

Lyon, Lucius. — He was born in 
Vermont, but emigrated to Michigan 
when quite a young man ; devoted him- 
self for a number of years to the business 
of surveying the wild lands of the Ter- 
ritory ; was a Delegate in Congress, 
from that Territory, during the years 
1833, 1834, and 183o ; and a Senator in 
Congress, from the State of Michigan, 
from 1836 to 1840; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1843 to 1845. 
His last public position was that of Sur- 
voj^or-General in the Northwest. Died 
at Detroit, September 25, 1851. 

Lyon, Matthew, — He was born in 
Wicklow County, Ireland, in 1746, and 
having emigrated to this country when 
thirteen years of age, participated to 
some extent in the Revolutionary strug- 
gle, having, in 1777, been appointed 
temporary Paymaster of the Northern 
army, and in 1778 Deputy Secretary of 
the Governor of Vermont, and at the 
same time Clerk of the Court of Confis- 
cation. He settled in Vermont after 
the war, and was elected a member of 
the State Legislature, in 1799 and the 
three following years. In 1783 he 
founded the town of Fairhaven, where 
he built saw-mills, grist-mills, estab- 
lished a forge or iron foundry, manu- 
factured paper from basswood, and es- 
tablished a newspaper, called The Far- 
mers' Library. He served that town 
in the Legislature ten years. In 1786 
he was Assistant Judge of Rutland 
County. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from Vermont, from 1799 to 
1801, and it was during his first term 
that he had a personal difficulty, on the 
floor of Congress, with Roger Griswold, 
of Connecticut, when an unsuccessful 
effort was made to have him expelled. 
The fact of his giving the vote that 
made Jefferson President, is well known. 
At the end of his second term as a 
Representative, from Vermont, he re- 
moved to Kentucky, served two years 
in the Legislature of that State, and 



238 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1803 to 1811. After 
his final retirement from Congress, and 
on November 13, 1811, the Speaker of tlie 
House of Kepresentatives presented a pe- 
tition from him, setting forth that lie had, 
many years before, been prosecuted and 
convicted under the sedition law (see 
"State Trials of the United States"); 
that he had suffered imprisonment, and 
been made to pay the sum of $1060.90, 
and that he wished to have the money 
refunded to him. On July 4, 1840, a 
law was passed, paying to his heirs the 
specified sum, with interest from Fe- 
bruary, 1799. It was while in prison 
at Vergennes, that he was elected to 
Congress, from Vermont, and at the 
close of his services in Congress, from 
Kentucky, he was employed to build 
gunboats for the war, but became bank- 
rupt from the speculation. In 1820 he 
was appointed a Factor among the Che- 
rokee Indians in Arkansas ; when that 
Territory was organized, he was elected 
the first Delegate to Congress, but did 
not live to take his seat, having died at 
Spadra Bluff, Arkansas, August 1, 1822. 

Lytic, Robert T. — He was distin- 
guished as a public speaker, and was a 
member of Congress, from Ohio, from 
1833 to 1835. He died in New Orleans, 
December 21, 1889. 

Mace, Daniel. — Was a native of 
Eoss County, Ohio ; he commenced life 
as a merchant, in Warren County, In- 
diana, but subsequently became a suc- 
cessful lawyer. He was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from Indiana, from 
1851 to 1855. 

Machir, James. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1797 to 1799. Died June 25, 1827. 

Maclay, Samuel. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1795 to 1798, and a 
Senator in Congress, from 1803 to 1808, 
when he resigned. 

Maclay, William. — He was a Se- 
nator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1789 to 1791, and died in April, 
1804. 

Maclay, William. — He was a na- 
tive of Pennsylvania; held the ofiices 
of County Commissioner and Associate 



Judge ; was a member of the Assembly ; 
and a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1815 to 1817, and 
again from 1817 to 1819. Died Janu- 
ary 4, 1825, aged fifty-nine years. 

Maclay, William B. — Born in 

New York City in 1815 ; graduated at 
the University of New York, where he 
subsequently officiated for a time as 
Professor of Latin ; he was also a Trus- 
tee, as well as Secretary of the Univer- 
sity ; he adopted the profession of the 
law ; and in 1836 he was associate editor 
of the New York Quarterly Magazine. 
He was also an active member of the 
Legislature of New York for several 
years, and was elected a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, in 1843 ; 
was re-elected in 1845, 1847, and also in 
1857, serving generally on important 
committees. He was re-elected a Ee- 
presentative to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. 

Maclay, William F. — He was 

born in Northumberland County, Penn- 
sylvania, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1816 to 
1821. 

Macon, Nathaniel. — He was born 
in Warren County, North Carolina, in 
1757. His early youth was marked by 
diligence in the acquisition of know- 
ledge, and he was sent to Princeton 
College to complete his education ; but 
the troubles of the Eevolution closed 
the halls of that institution, and he re- 
turned home and volunteered as a pri- 
vate in a company commanded by his 
brother, having refused a higher posi- 
tion. While in the army, he was elected 
a member of the General Assembly, in 
which he served for several years. In 
1791 he was elected a Eepresentative in 
Congress, and continued a member of 
that body until transferred to the Uni- 
ted States Senate, in 1815, where he 
served until 1828. From 1801 to 1805 
he was Speaker of the House, and from 
1825 to 1828 he was President pro tern. 
of the Senate. He was for thirty-seven 
years a member of the House or Senate, 
and was called the Father of the House, 
having served a longer time in that 
body than any other man. In 1828 his 
native State, in honor of his services, 
named a county for him. He after- 
wards returned to the General Assem- 
bly, and in 1835 was President of the 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



239 



Constitutional Convention of the State. 
He died suddenly, at his residence, June 
29, 1837. 

3Iacy, John JB. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from "Wisconsin, 
from 1853 to 1855. He resided at Fond 
du Lac, and was lost, September 24, b}' 
the burning of the steamboat Niagara, 
on Lake Michigan. 

3Iadison, tTanies. — He was born 
on the Rappahannock River, in Vir- 
ginia, March 16, 1751 ; and, after due 
preparation, he entered Princeton Col- 
lege in 1769, and graduated in 1771, 
going through the junior and senior 
studies in one year. He remained at 
the College until 1772, fur the purpose 
of studying Hebrew. In 1776 he was 
sent to the General Assembly, and in 
1778 was a member of the Executive 
Council; from 1779 to 1785 he was a 
member of the Continental Congress, 
and was chosen a second time in 1786 ; 
in 1789 he was a member of the Con- 
vention at Philadelphia which formed 
the Federal Constitution, and he was a 
Representative in Congress, under the 
Constitution, from 1789 to 1797. In 
1798 he went again into the Assembly, 
and in 1800 was an Elector for Presi- 
dent. In 1801 he was Secretary of 
State of the United States, which office 
he held until 1809, when he was elected 
President of the United States, and 
served two entire terms. After leaving 
the Executive chair, he retired to pri- 
vate life on his estate, known as Mont- 
pelier. He was subsequently a Visitor 
and Rector of the University of Vir- 
ginia ; and in 1829 a member of the 
State Convention, which was the last 
public position he held. He was one of 
the contributors to the Federalist, and 
his collected state papers and miscella- 
neous writings have been published in 
six volumes. He died at Montpelier, 
Orange County, Virginia, June 28, 1830. 

3Iafj€€, John. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1827 
to 1831. 

Wagruder, Allan B. — A native 
of Kentucky, and a lawyer by profes- 
sion. He removed to Louisiana, and 
in 1805 published "Reflections on the 
Cession of Louisiana to the United 
States ;" and was a Senator in Congress, 



from that State, from 1812 to 1813. He 
had collected materials for a general 
history of the Indians. He died at 
Opelousas, Louisiana, in April, 1822. 

3Iafjruder, JPatrick. — He was 

born in Montgomery County, Maryland, 
in 1768; educated at Princeton College ; 
adopted the profession of law ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Maryland, from 1805 to 18U7 ; and was 
Clerk of the United States House of 
Representatives, from 1807 to 1815. He 
died in Petersburg, Virginia, in 1819 or 
1820. 

3£albone, Francis. — He was a 

Senator in Congress, from Rhode Isl- 
and, in 1809, having previously been a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1793 to 1797. He died June. 
4, 1809. 

3Iallarif, Mollin C — He was born 
in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1784, 
and died in Baltimore, April 16, 1831. 
He represented the State of Vermont 
in Congress, from 1819 to 1831, and 
took an active part in all matters ap- 
pertaining to commerce as chairman of 
an important committee. He was held 
in the highest estimation both for his 
public acts and private virtues. 

Mallory, Francis. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1837 
to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. 
Died at Norfolk, March 26, 1860. 

3I(dlory, Meredith. — Born in 
Connecticut, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from New York, from 1839 
to 1841. 

3Iallory, Robert. — He was born 
in Madison County, Virginia, Novem- 
ber 15, 1815; graduated at the Univer- 
sity of Virginia in 1827 ; removed to 
Kentucky in 1839, where he has devoted 
the most of his life to agricultural pur- 
suits ; and he was elected a Representa- 
tive, from Kentucky, to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Roads and Canals ; 
re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Roads and Canals ; and also 
elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving on the Committee of Ways and 
Means. 



240 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Mallory, Stephen JR. — He was a 

Senator in Congress, from Florida, hav- 
ing been elected in 1851, serving con- 
tinuously, by re-election, until 1861. 
He was Chairman of the Committee on 
Naval Affairs, and a member of the 
Committee on Claims. He resigned in 
February, 1861, and took part in the Re- 
bellion as Secretary of the Rebel Navy. 

Mangum, Willie P. — Bom in 

Orange County, North Carolina, in 
1792, and graduated at the University. 
of that State in 1815. He studied law, 
rose to eminence in his profession, en- 
tered into politics, and was elected to 
the House of Commons in 1818. In 
1819 he was elected a Judge of the Su- 
perior Court; and from 1823 to 1826, 
served as a Representative in Congress. 
He was elected a United States Senator 
in 1831, re-elected in 1841, and for a 
third term in 1848, serving, on one oc- 
casion, as President, p7-o teyn., of that 
body. In 1837 he received eleven elec- 
toral votes for President of the United 
States ; and, during the administration 
of President Tyler, was President of 
the United States Senate. He subse- 
quently lived in retirenaent at his home 
in North Carolina. Died September 
14, 1861. 

'Mann, Abijah, Jr. — Born at 

Fairfield, Herkimer County, New York, 
September 24, 1793 ; he received a good 
common school education, and became 
a teacher in the district school in Oneida 
County ; he was afterwards a merchant. 
Postmaster, and Justice of the Peace ; 
and elected to the Legislature in 1827, 
serving by re-elections until 1830. He 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
1833 to 1837, during which time he 
served on several committees, being 
once Chairman of the Committee on 
Rules and Orders of the House. In 
1837, on returning to his native county, 
he was again re-elected to the Legisla- 
ture. He afterwards removed to New 
York City, and declined all official em- 
ployments. 

Mann, Horace. — Born in Frank- 
lin, Norfolk Countj^, Massachusetts, 
May 4, 1796. He was, to some degree, 
self-educated, but graduated at Brown 
University in 1819, where he subse- 
quently held the position of Tutor of 
Latin and Greek ; he studied law at 
Litchfield, Connecticut, and while coun- 



sellor-at-law, in Dedham, Massachu- 
setts, where he settled in 1826, was 
elected to the State Legislature. He 
removed to Boston in 1834, where he 
was elected to the State Senate, chosen 
President of that body, and also Presi- 
dent of the Massachusetts Board of Edu- 
cation, which he was foremost in found- 
ing; he also rendered important services 
in behalf of the Normal Schools of Mas- 
sachusetts, and was elected a member 
of Congress, from 1848 to 1853. After 
that time he continued to be devoted to 
matters connected with education, hav- 
ing been appointed President of Antioch 
College and the Northwestern Christian 
University at Indianapolis. He wrote 
much and well, and is remembered as a 
benefactor to his race. Died at Yellow 
Springs, Ohio, August 2, 1859. 

Mann, tfob. — Born in Bethel 
Township, Bedford County, Pennsyl- 
vania, March 31, 1795; received a com- 
mon school education ; in 1816 was 
appointed Clerk to a board of county 
commissioners ; , two years afterwards 
he was appointfed Register, Recorder, 
and Clerk, for the courts of Bedford 
County, all of which positions he con- 
tinued to hold until 1835, when he was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
where he served one term. In 1839 he 
was admitted to the bar ; in 1842 was 
appointed State Treasurer, which otfice 
he held for three terms ; and in 1847 
was again elected to Congress, where 
he served until 1851, declining a re-elec- 
tion. 

Mann, Joel jK.^He was born in 
Pennsylvania in 1780, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1831 to 1835. He died in Mont- 
gomery County, Pennsylvania, Sep- 
tember 4, 1857. 

Manning, Michard I. — He was 

born in Sumter District, South Caro- 
lina, May 1, 1789; graduated at the 
State College at Columbia in 1811 ; 
commanded a volunteer company in 
the war of 1812 ; was frequently in the 
upper and lower House of the State 
Legislature ; was Governor of South 
Carolina for two years from 1824; a 
Representative in Congress, from 1834 
to 1836 ; and died May 1, 1836, at Phila- 
delphia, before the expiration of his 
term, very suddenly, while seated at the 
table with his family. He was greatly 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



241 



respected for his talents and virtues, 
Mr. Preston and Mr. Pinckney both 
eulogizing him in Congress. 

Movable, John H. — He was born 
in Brunswick County, Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Tennessee, from 1825 to 1829. 

Marchandf Albert G. — He was 

a Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1839 to 1843, and 
died at his residence, in Greensburg, 
Pennsylvania, February 5, 1848. 

Marchand, David. — He was born 
in Westmoreland County, Pennsylva- 
nia, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1817 to 
1821. 

Morcjf, Daniel. — Born in New 
Hampshire, November 7, 1809 ; became 
a sailor when twelve years of age, and 
at twenty was master of a ship ; in 1853 
and 1854 he was a member of the New 
Hampshire Legislature ; in 1856 and 
1857 of the State Senate ; was subse- 
quentlj'' engaged in the mercantile and 
ship-building business; and was elected 
a Representative, from New Hampshire, 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
on the Committees on Revolutionary 
Pensions, and on Expenditures in the 
Navy Department. 

Marcy, William Lamed. — He 

was born in Sturbridge, Worcester 
County, Massachusetts, in 1786, and 
died in Ballston Spa, New York, July 
4, 1857. He graduated at Brown Uni- 
versity in 1808; taught school for awhile 
in Newport, Rhode Island; studied law, 
and commenced practice in Troy, New 
York. He was appointed Recorder of 
that city in 1816 ; made Comptroller in 
1823, and removed to Albany. In 1829 
he was appointed Judge of the Supreme 
Court of the State. He was elected to the 
United States Senate in 1831. Elected 
Governor of New York in 1832, and 
re-elected in 1834. He was Secretary of 
War, under President Polk, from 1845 
to 1849 ; and Secretary of State, under 
President Pierce, from 1853 to 1857. 
He was a hard-working, careful, plain 
man, and a good scholar. As a states- 
man and diplomatist, he had the repu- 
tation of displaying both judgment and 
skill ; but his crowning virtue was his 
incorruptible integrity. 



Mardis, Samuel W. — Born in 
Alabama in 1801, and died at Talladega, 
in that State, November 14, 1837. He 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Alabama, from 1831 to 1835, and was 
much respected for his manly virtues. 

3£arion, Robert. — He was a na- 
tive of South Carolina, and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1805 to 1810. 

3Iarkell, Henry. — He was born in 
Montgomery County, New York, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1825 to 1829. 

Markell, Jacob. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1813 to 1815. 

Markley, Philip S. — He was born 
in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1827, 
and was in the latter year appointed 
Naval Officer for the Port of Philadel- 
phia. 

Marks, WilUani. — Was a Senator 
in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1825 to 1831. 

3Iarr, Alefn. — He graduated at 
Princeton College in 1807; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1829 to 1831. 

Marr, George W. L. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ten- 
nessee, from 1817 to 1819. 

3Iarrow, John. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1805 to 1809. 

Marsh, Charles. — Born at Leba- 
non, Connecticut, July 10, 1765, but 
with his father's family removed to 
Vermont, before the Revolution. He 
graduated at Dartmouth College in 
1786, studied law, and commenced prac- 
tice in Woodstock, Vermont. He was 
for fifty years devoted to his profession, 
and for a long time at the head of the 
bar in the State. He served as a mem- 
ber of Congress, from 1815 to 1817, and 
while in Washington became identified 
with the American Colonization So- 
ciety as one of its founders. He acquired 
great popularity as a patron of benevo- 



242 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



lent societies generally, and was a 
highly influential and useful citizen. 
Died at Woodstock, Vermont, January 
11, 1849. The degree of LL. D. was 
conferred upon him by Dartmouth Col- 
lege. 

3Icirsh, George F. — Born in 
Woodstock, Vermont, March 15, 1801 ; 
was educated at Dartmouth College, 
where he graduated in 1820. He after- 
wards removed to Burlington, Vermont, 
where he commenced the study of the 
law ; and afterwards made that place 
his home. After his admission to the 
bar, he came into an extensive practice, 
and devoted much of his time to poli- 
tics. He was a member of the State 
Legislature in 1835, and in 1842 he took 
his seat in the United States House of 
Eepresentatives, which he continued to 
occupy until he was sent as Kesident 
Minister to Turkey, in 1849, by Presi- 
dent Taylor. At this post he rendered 
essential service to the cause of civil and 
religious toleration in the Turkish Em- 
pire. He was also charged with a spe- 
cial mission to Greece in 1852. He is 
well known as an author and a scholar. 
He has devoted much attention to the 
languages and literature of the North 
of Europe, and his sympathies appear 
to be with the Goths, whose presence he 
traces in whatever is great and peculiar 
in the character of the founders of New 
England. In a work entitled " The 
Goths in New England," he has con- 
trasted the Gothic and Eoman charac- 
ters, which he appears to regard as the 
great antagonistic principles of society 
at the present day. He is also the author 
of a grammar of the old Northern or 
Icelandic language, and of various es- 
says, literary and historical, relating to 
the Goths and their connections with 
America. He is the author of an inte- 
resting work on the Camel, also of a 
work on the English Language, which 
occupies a very high rank, and his 
miscellaneous published addresses and 
speeches are quite numerous. After his 
return from Turkey, he performed the 
duties of Commissioner of Eailroads for 
the State of Vermont. His library is 
said to be one of the finest in this coun- 
try, rich beyond compare in Scandina- 
vian literature. In 1861 he was ap- 
pointed, by President Lincoln, Minister 
to Sardinia. 

Marshall, Alexander K. — He 



was born in Kentucky, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1855 to 1857. 

Marshall, Alfred. — He served 
four years in the Maine Legislature, 
viz., 1827, 1828, 1834, and 1835; was a 
Representative in Congress, from Maine, 
from 1841 to 1843, acting as a member 
of the Committee on the Militia ; and 
from 1846 to 1849 he was Collector at 
Belfast. He was also for some years a 
General of the State militia. 

Marshall, Edivard C. — He was 

born in Kentucky, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from California, 
from 1851 to 1853. 

Marshall, Humphrey. — He was 

among the earliest pioneers to Kentucky, 
having gone there in 1780; he was a, 
member of the State Convention in 1787; 
served for many years in the State Le- 
gislature ; and was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1795 to 1801. He was the 
author of the first published History of 
Kentvicky, and died at an advanced age. 

Marshall, Humphrey. — Born at 
Frankfort, Kentucky, January 13, 1812. 
He graduated at the West Point Aca- 
demy, but resigned his military com- 
mission of Lieutenant, and studied law, 
which he practised with success. During 
the ten years preceding the Mexican 
war, and while devoting himself to his 
profession in Louisville, he took an ac- 
tive part in the military aff'airs of the 
State as Captain, Major, and Lieutenant- 
Colonel ; he served in the Mexican war 
as Colonel of cavalry, fighting at Buena 
Vista, and leading the charge of the 
Kentucky volunteers; in 1847, after de- 
clining several important nominations, 
he retired to a farm ; he was elected to 
Congress in 1849, as a Representative, 
and re-elected in 1851 ; he was appointed 
by President Fillmore Commissioner to 
China, which was immediately raised to 
a first-class mission ; on his return he 
was elected a Representative in the 
Thirty-fourth Congress ; in 1856 he was 
a member of the American National 
Council held in New York, where he 
caused to be thrown ofl^ all secrecy in 
the politics of his party ; and in 1857 
he was re-elected to Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committee on Mili- 
tary Affairs. He took part in the Re- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



243 



bellion of 1861 as a General of volun- 
teers. 

3Iarshall, John. — He was born in 
Fauquier County, Virginia, September 
24, 1755, and was the eldest of fifteen 
children. He had some classical educa- 
tion in his youth, but his opportunities 
for learning were limited, and he never 
entered college : his father, Thomas 
Marshall, having been a poor man, but 
possessed of superior talents. At the 
commencement of the American war, he 
espoused it with ardor ; in 1776 he was 
appointed Lieutenant, and in 1777 pro- 
moted to the rank of Captain. In 1780 
he was admitted to the bar, and in 1781 
resigned his commission, and entered 
upon the practice of his profession, soon 
rising to distinction. He was a member 
of the Virginia Convention to ratify the 
Constitution of the United States, and 
as such produced a deep impression by 
his logic and eloquence. He also en- 
tered the Legislature of Virginia, where 
he was a leader. President Washington 
invited him to become Attorney-Gene- 
ral, and offered him the mission to 
France, after Mr. Monroe's return, both 
of which honors he declined. President 
Adams appointed him an Envoy to 
France, with Pickering and Gerry, but 
they were not accredited, and he re- 
turned to the United States in 1798. He 
was a Kepresentative in Congress in 
1799 ; in 1800 he was appointed Secre- 
tary of War ; soon afterwards Secretary 
of State; and, January 31, 1801, upon 
the nomination of President Adams, 
was confirmed as Chief Justice of the 
Supreme (_''urt of the United States. 
He wrote a " Life of George Washing- 
ton," and a " History of the American 
Colonies." He died 'w\ Philadelphia, 
July 6, 1835. As a Judge, he was the 
most illustrious in America, and for his 
public services was ranked by many 
with Washington. He was the object 
of universal aftection, respect, and con- 
fidence, and in every particular one of 
the greatest and best of men. 

Marshall, S. S. — He was born in 
Illinois ; educated at Cumberland Col- 
lege, Kentucky ; studied law, and de- 
voted himself to its practice in his na- 
tive State. He was elected to the State 
Legislature in 1846 ; by the Legislature 
he was elected State Attorney, serving 
two years; in 1851 he was elected a 
Judge of the Circuit Court, in which 



position he remained until 1854 ; and 
having been elected to the Thirty-fourth 
Congress, was re-elected to the Thirty- 
fifth, and was Chairman of the Commit- 
tee on Claims. He was also a Delegate 
to the Chicago Convention of 1864. 

Marshall, Thomas A. — He was 

born near Versailles, Kentucky, Janu- 
ary 15, 1794; graduated at Yale College 
in 1815 ; studied law, and entered upon 
the practice in 1816 ; and he was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1831 to 1835. He has been 
a Judge and Chief Justice of the Court 
of Appeals of Kentucky for about 
twenty years ; and a Professor of Law 
in the Transylvania College. 

Marshall, Thomas F. — He was 

a native of Kentucky ; Judge of the 
Louisville Circuit Court ; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, 
from 1841 to 1843. He died near Ver- 
sailles, Woodford County, Kentucky, 
September 22, 1864, in the sixty-fourth 
year of his age. 

3Iarstoii, Gilnian. — Born in New 
Hampshire, and was elected a Represen- 
tative, from New Hampshire, to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Elections. 
During the Rebellion of 1861 he served 
as the Colonel of a New Hampshire re- 
giment, retaining his seat in Congress. 

Martin,, Alexander. — Born in 

Guilford County, North Carolina, and 
died in November, 1807. He was edu- 
cated at Princeton College, and devoted 
much attention to the pursuits of litera- 
ture. He was a member of the Colonial 
Assembly, and Colonel of a regiment in 
the Continental line, having been at the 
battles of Brandy wine and Germantown. 
He was subsequently in the State Senate, 
and was elected Speaker ; he was elected 
Governor of North Carolina in 1782, 
and again in 1789, and was a member of 
the Convention which framed the Con- 
stitution of the United States. From 
1793 to 1799 he was United States Sena- 
tor ; also President of the Senate. In 
1793 the degree of Doctor of Laws was 
conferred on him by Princeton College, 
and at the time of his death he was a 
Trustee of the University of North Ca- 
rolina. 

Martin, Barclay.— Rq was born 



244 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



in South Carolina, and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Tennessee, 
from 1845 to 1847. 

Martin, Charles D. — Bom in 
Ohio, and was elected a Eepresentative, 
from that State, to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
Invalid Pensions. 

Martin, Elbert S.—Bom in Vir- 
ginia, and elected a Eepresentative, 
from that State, to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Expenditures in the Post- 
office Department. 

Martin, FredericJc S. — He was 
born in Eutland County, Vermont, 
April 25, 1794; after spending his early 
life as a sailor on Lake Champlain and 
at sea, he settled at Clean, New York, 
as a hotel-keeper and merchant ; in 1830 
he was appointed Postmaster at that 
place ; he served three years in the State 
Legislature ; and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from New York, from 1851 
to 1853. 

Martin, John P. — Born in Lee 
County, Virginia, October 11, 1811; re- 
moved to Kentucky in 18^8; in 1841 
was elected to the Legislature of that 
State, and re-elected the following year ; 
and he was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1845 to 1847. 
In 1857 he was elected to the Senate of 
Kentucky, which was his last public po- 
sition. 

Martin, Joshua L. — He was a 

member of Congress, from Alabama, 
from 1835 to 1839, and from 1845 to 
1847 Governor of that State. He died 
at Tuscaloosa, November 2, 1856. 

Martin, Morgan L. — He was 
born in New York, and was a Delegate 
to Congress, from the Territory of Wis- 
consin, from 1845 to 1847. 

Martin, Robert N. — He was born 
in Dorchester County, Maryland, and 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
Maryland, from 1825 to 1827. 

Martin, William D. — He was a 

Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, 
and a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
South Carolina, from 1827 to 1833. He 
was distinguished for his talents and 



public usefulness. He retired to bed 
slightly indisposed, and was found dead 
in the morning. He died at Charles- 
ton, November 17, 1833, aged forty-five 
years. 

Martindale, Henry C — He was 

born in Berkshire County, Massachu- 
setts, and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1823 to 
1831, and again from 1833 to 1835. 

Marvin, Dudley. — Was a native 
of Lyme, Connecticut, from which place 
he removed to Canandaigua, New York, 
in 1807. He was admitted to the bar, 
and commenced the practice of law in 
1811, and soon attained eminence in his 
profession. He was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from 1823 to 1829. In 1844 
he removed to Eipley, Chautauque 
County, and was again elected to Con- 
gress, serving from 1847 to 1849. He 
died at Eipley, New York, June 25, 
1852, aged sixty-five years. 

Marvin, James M. — Born in 

Ballston, Saratoga County, New York, 
February 27, 1809 ; spent a portion of 
his boyhood on a farm, but received a 
good education. In 1846 he was elected 
to the House of Assembly ; was a Coun- 
ty Supervisor for three terms ; is pro- 
prietor of one of the large Saratoga 
hotels, and has chiefly been engaged for 
years past in taking care of a large es- 
tate. In 1862 he was elected a Eepre- 
sentative, from New York, to the Thir- 
ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Territories. 

Marvin, Richard P. — He was 

born in New York, served in the As- 
sembly of that State, from Chautauque 
County, in 1836, and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from New York, from 
1837 to 1841. 

Mason, Armistead L. — Born in 
Loudon County, Virginia, in 1785, and 
educated at William and Mary College ; 
was a farmer by occupation, and a Co- 
lonel in the war of 1812 ; and a United 
States Senator, from 1816 to 1817. He 
fell in the memorable duel with Colo- 
nel McCarty, February 6, 1819. 

Mason, James B. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Ehode 
Island, from 1815 to 1819. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



245 



Mason, James 31. — Bom on Ana- 
loston Island, Fairfax County, Virgi- 
nia, November 3, 1798. He received a 
good education, and graduated at the 
University of Pennsylvania in 1818; he 
studied law at the College of William 
and Mary, and obtained a license to 
practise in 1820 ; in 1826 he was elected 
to the House of Delegates, and twice re- 
elected ; he was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1837 to 1839; in 1847 he 
was elected a Senator in Congress, in 
the place of Senator Pennypacker, and 
re-elected in 1849, in which position he 
continued until 1861, having for several 
sessions been Chairman of the Commit- 
tee on Foreign Relations. He took 
part in the Rebellion of 1861 ; went to 
England as a Minister of the Eebel go- 
vernment, was captured by the San Ja- 
cinto, imprisoned in Port Warren, and 
after his release took up his residence in 
Europe. He was expelled from the Se- 
nate in July, 1861. 

Mason, tTereiniah. — Born at Le- 
banon, Connecticut, April 27, 1768, and 
died at Boston, November 14, 1848. 
Destined for professional life, he entered 
Yale College, and after graduating in 
1788, entered upon the study of law, and 
acquired the reputation of being pro- 
foundly learned in common law. He 
went to Vermont, and was admitted to 
the bar of that State, but subsequently 
removed to Portsmouth, New Hamp- 
shire, where he became the friend of 
Daniel Webster, who always spoke of 
him in extravagant terms of praise. In 
1802 he was appointed Attorney-Gene- 
ral of the State, and from 1813 to 1817, 
was a Senator in Congress, having re- 
signed for the purpose of devoting him- 
self to his profession. He removed to 
Boston in 1832, and on reaching the 
age of seventy he left the bar, though 
he was consulted as chamber-counsel to 
the close of his life. 

Mason, Jolm C. — He was born in 
Kentucky, and elected a Representative, 
from that State, to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, and is Chairman of the Commit- 
tee on Accounts. 

3Iason, John TJionison. — Born 
at Montpelier, Washington County, 
Maryland, in May, 1815 ; graduated at 
Princeton College in 1836 ; read law in 
Hagerstown, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1838 ; the same year was elected 



a member of the Legislature of Mary- 
land, and re-elected in 1839. He was 
a Representative in Congress, from 1841 
to 1843, being at that time the youngest 
man in Congress. In 1851 he was elected 
by the people, under the new Constitu- 
tion of the State, a Judge of the Court 
of Appeals, which position he filled till 
1857, when he resigned, and was ap- 
pointed Collector of the port of Balti- 
more. 

Mason, John Y. — He was born 

at Greensville, Sussex County, Virgi- 
nia, April 18, 1799; graduated at the 
University of North Carolina in 1816, 
from which institution he received the 
degree of LL.D. ; adopted the profession 
of law, and was a Federal Judge of the 
Eastern District Court of Virginia ; 
Judge also of the General Court of Vir- 
ginia ; served about ten j'ears in the 
State Legislature ; he was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 
1831 to 1837 ; was a Delegate to the Con- 
ventions of 1828 and 1849 for revising 
the State Constitution ; a member of 
President Tyler 's cabinet, as Secretary of 
the Navy ; a member of President Polk's 
cabinet, first as Attorney-General, and 
secondly as Secretary of the Navy ; was 
subsequently President of the James 
River and Kanawha Company ; and was 
appointed, by President Pierce, Minis- 
ter to France, in which position he was 
continued by President Buchanan. Died 
in Paris, of apoplexy, October 3, 1859. 

Mason, Jonathan. — He was born 

in 1757 ; graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1774; and died at Boston, No- 
vember 1, 1831. He was a Senator of 
the United States, from Massachusetts, 
from 18(10 to 1803 ; and a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1817 
to 1820. 

Mason, 3Ioses. — He was a County 
Commissioner from 1831 to 1834; a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Maine, 
from 1834 to 1837 ; and a member of the 
State ExecutiveCouncil in 1834 and 1845. 

Mason, Samson. — He was born 
in Ohio, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1835 
to 1843. He was afterwards a member 
of the Convention which formed the 
State Constitution. 

Mason, Stevens Thomson. — He 



246 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



was born in Cliapawansick, Staiford 
County, Virginia, in 1760 ; educated at 
"William and Mary College ; he was a 
lawyer by profession, and an officer in 
the Revolutionary war, attaining to the 
rank of General ; was a member of the 
Virginia House of Burgessess ; and a 
Senator of the United States, from 1794 
to 1803 ; also a member of the Conven- 
tion to form the Constitution of Vir- 
ginia, and a member of the Legisla- 
ture. He died in 1803. 

3Iason, William. — He was born 
in Connecticut ; served in the Legisla- 
ture of New York, from Chenango 
County, from 1820 to 1822 ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1835 to 1837. 

blasters, Josiah. — Born in Wood- 
bury, Connecticut, October 22, 1763; 
graduated at Yale College in 1784, soon 
after which he removed to Schaghticoke, 
Eensselaer County, New York, which 
was thereafter his place of residence. 
He was a prominent member of the 
State Legislature in 1792, 1800, and 
1801, when he was appointed Associate 
Judge of Eensselaer County ; and from 
1805 to 1809 was a Eepresentative in 
Congress. In 1808 he was chosen first 
Judge of the County Court of Common 
Pleas, which office he held until his 
death. He was a zealous supporter of 
the general measures against Great 
Britain, during the war of 1812, yet he 
opposed with great earnestness, in seve- 
ral able speeches, the embargo, non- 
intercourse, and other commercial re- 
strictions. He numbered among his 
personal friends such patriots as Jeffer- 
son, Eandolph, Madison, Clay, &c. , 
and was a co-operator and adviser of 
De Witt Clinton in the system of in- 
ternal improvements, which gave to 
New York the rank of the Empire 
State. He died June 30, 1822. 

Mathews, George. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Georgia, 
from 1789 to 1791. 

Mathews, James. — He was born 
in Ohio, and was aEepresentati ve in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1845. 

Mathews, Vincent. — Born in Or- 
ange County, New York, June 29, 
1766. He studied law and was admitted 
to the bar in 1790; and fixing his resi- 



dence near Elmira, Tioga County, was 
elected a State Eepresentative in 1793, 
and in 1796 chosen a State Senator. 
In 1798 he was elected a Commissioner 
to settle certain claims for bounty land ; 
and from 1809 to 1811 he was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress. In 1812 he was 
appointed District Attorney for a num- 
ber of counties in Western New York ; 
and in 1816 he removed from Elmira to 
Bath, and thence to Eochester, pursuing 
the practice of his profession, in differ- 
ent places, for no less a period than 
fifty-six years. Toward the close of 
his life, he served a second time in the 
Assembly of the State, and was District 
Attorney for Monroe County. The Col- 
lege of Geneva conferred upon him the 
degree of Doctor of Laws when he was 
nearly seventy-five years old ; and he 
died at Eochester, August 23, 1846. 

Matheivson, Elisha. — He was at 

different periods a member of the Gene- 
ral Assembly of Ehode Island ; once a 
Speaker in the House ; and a Senator 
in Congress, from that State, from 1807 
to 1811. He died at Scituate, Ehode 
Island, October 14, 1853. 

Mathiot, Joshua. — He was born 
in Ohio, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 
1843. Died Julv 30, 1849, at Newark, 
Ohio. 

Matlach, James. — He was born 
in Gloucester County, New Jersey, and 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1821 to 1825, and died 
at Woodbury, in same State, January 
15, 1840. 

Matson, Aaron. — He was born in 
Plymouth County, Massachusetts ; for 
many years Judge of Probate in Che- 
shire County ; a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from New Hampshire, from 1821 
to 1825 ; a State Councillor from 1819 
tol821; anddied at Newport, Ehode Isl- 
and, July 18, 1855,aged eighty-five years. 

Matteson, Orasfnus B. — He was 

born in New York, and was elected a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from that 
State, in 1849, and subsequently re- 
elected to the same position. 

Mattheivs, William. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1797 to 1799. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



247 



Ifaftocks, tTohn, — Born in Hart- 
ford, Connecticut, in 1776, and was a 
resident of Peacham, Vermont ; he was 
for many years distinguished as a suc- 
cessful lawyer ; had held various public 
trusts, being for two years Judge of the 
Supreme Court of Vermont ; and a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from 1821 to 
1825, and from 1841 to 1843 ; also Go- 
vernor of the State one year, declining 
a re-election to that office. He died at 
Peacham, Vermont, August 14, 1847. 

Mattoon, Ebenezer. — Born in 

Amherst, Massachusetts ; graduated at 
Dartmouth College in 1776; he was a 
Major in the war of 1812, and Sheriff 
of Hampshire ; and a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1800 
to 1803 ; and, in 1816, Adjutant-General 
of militia. He died in Amherst, Sep- 
tember 11, 1843, aged eighty-eight years. 

3Iatt,riee, Jatnes, — He was born in 
New York, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1853 
to 1856^ 

Maury, AbraJiani P. — A Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, 
from 1835 to 1839 ; died at his residence, 
in Williamson County, Tennessee, July 
22, 1848. 

Maxwell, Augustus E. — Born in 
Elberton, Georgia, September 21, 1820 ; 
received the benefit of country schools 
in Alabama, and graduated at the Uni- 
versity of Virginia ; studied law ; re- 
moving to Florida, was elected in 1847 
to the Assembly of that State ; was Sec- 
retary of State in 1848 ; a State Senator 
in 1849 ; was a member of Congress, 
from 1853 to 1857, refusing a re-nomi- 
nation ; and in 1857 was appointed, by 
President Buchanan, Navy Agent at 
Pensacola, Florida. 

Maxtvell, George C. — He was a 

native of New Jersey, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1811 to 1813. 

3Iaxtvell, J. P. JB. — Born in New 
Jersey in 1805 ; graduated at Princeton 
College in 1823 ; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1827 ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 1837 
to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. 
He died at Belvidere, New Jersey, No- 



vember 14, 1845. He was a candidate 
for election to ftie Twenty-sixth Con- 
gress, and although he came with the 
broad seal of his State, he was not ad- 
mitted. 

Maxwell, Leivis. — He was a na- 
tive of Virginia, and a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1827 
to 1833. 

Maxwell, Thomas. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1829 to 1831. 

May, Henry. — He was born in the 
District of Columbia ; received a liberal 
education ; adopted the profession of 
law ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1853 to 
1855. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress. 

May, Williatn L. — He was born 
in Kentuckj', and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1835 
to 1839. 

Mayall, Samuel. — He was born 
in Maine ; served in the State Legisla- 
ture in 1845, 1847, and 1848; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Maine, 
from 1853 to 1855. 

Maynard, Horace. — He was born 
in Westborough, Massachusetts, Au- 
gust 30, 1814 ; graduated at Amherst 
College in 1838, and soon afterwards 
emigrated to Tennessee. He entered 
the University of East Tennessee as a 
tutor, and subsequently received the ap- 
pointinont of Professor of Mathematics 
in that institution; during that period 
he studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1844. He acquired an extensive 
practice in his profession ; held a num- 
ber of local offices in his adopted State ; 
and was elected a Representative, from 
Tennessee, to the Thirty-fifth Congress. 
During the first session of that Con- 
gress he was Chairman of the Special 
Committee to investigate the accounts 
of William Cullum, late Clerk of the 
House of Representatives, and was a 
member of the Committee on Claims. 
He was re-elected to the Tliirty-sixth 
Congress, serving on the same Com- 
mittee ; and also re-elected to the Thir- 
ty-seventh Congress. For his loyalty 
during the troubles of 1861, his property 
was confiscated, and he as well as his 



248 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



famity, were driven from Eastern Ten- 
nessee by the Eebel government. He 
was a Delegate to the Baltimore Con- 
vention of 1864. 

Maynard, John. — He was a resi- 
dent of Western New York, and gra- 
duated at Union College in 1810 ; he 
studied law and commenced practice 
at Seneca Falls, and then removed to 
Auburn. He was a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from New York, from 1827 
to 1829, and gave a zealous support to 
the administration of Mr. Adams ; he" 
was subsequently a member of the 
New York Senate for four years, and 
again from 1841 to 1843 a member of 
Congress ; he was Judge of the Supreme 
Court of New York, and from January, 
1850, a Judge of the Court of Appeals. 
He died in Auburn, New York, March 
24, 1850. 

May rant, William. — He was a 

native of South Carolina, and a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
during the years 1815 and 1816. 

3IcAllister, Archibald. — He was 

born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, 
in 1814; and having settled in Blair 
County, was for thirty-three years en- 
gaged in the manufacture of iron. In 
1862 he was elected a Kepresentative, 
from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
Military Affairs. 

Mc Arthur, Duncan. — He was 

born in Dutchess County, New York, 
in 1772. When he was eight years of 
age he removed with his father to Penn- 
sylvania, and at the age of eighteen he 
volunteered in defence of the frontier 
settlements of Ohio, against the In- 
dians. He studied surveying, and ac- 
quired great wealth in the business of 
buying and selling lands, in addition 
to surveying them. In 1805 he was a 
member of the Legislature, and in 1806 
was appointed Colonel, and in 1808 Ma- 
jor-General of the" State militia. He 
performed valuable services during the 
war of 1812, in which he held a Gene- 
ral's commission, and although elected 
to Congress in 1813, declined leaving 
his command ; in 1815 was again a 
member of the Legislature, and in 1816 
was appointed Commissioner to conclude 
treaties with the Indians ; from 1817 to 
1819 was in the Legislature, and Speaker 



of the House in 1817. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1823 to 1825, and in 1830 was chosen 
Governor of the State, which position 
he held until 1833, and while in that 
service met with an accident, from the 
effects of which he never recovered. 

JUcSride, John It. — Was born in 
Franklin County, Missouri, August 22, 
1832 ; emigrated to Oregon in 1846 ; in 
1854 he was chosen Superintendent of 
Common Schools ; studied law and came 
to the bar in 1855 ; in 1857 he was a 
Delegate to the Convention which form- 
ed the Oregon State Constitution ; was 
chosen to the State Senate for four years 
after its adoption ; and in 1862 he was 
elected a Representative, from Oregon, 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
on the Committee on Indian Affairs. 

McBryde, Archibald. — Born in 

Moore County, North Carolina, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1809 to 1813, and sub- 
sequently a member of the State Senate 
for two years. 

McCarty, Andretv Z. — He was 

born in New York, and was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1855 to 1857. He was also a mem- 
ber of the New York Assembly in 1848. 

McCarty, Jonathan. — Was a na- 
tive of Tennessee, but removed, with 
his father, at an early age to Indiana. 
He engaged in mercantile pursuits, and 
was for a time Clerk of the Circuit or 
County Court, at Connersville. He was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Indiana, from 1831 to 1837. He left 
Indiana for Iowa, where he died in 
1855. 

McCarty, Richard. — Was born 
in Albany, New York, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1821 to 1823. 

McCarty, Williain M. — He was 

a Representative in Congress, from Yir- 
ginia, from 1840 to 1841. 

McCauslen, William C. — He was 

born in Ohio, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1845. 

McLean, Moses. — He was born in 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



249 



Pennsylvania, and was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, fi-om 
1845 to 1847. 

McClellan, Abraham. — He was 

born in Tennessee, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1837 to 1843. 

McClellan, Hohert. — He was a 

native of Schoharie County, New York, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1837 to 1839, and again 
from 1841 to 1843. 

McClelland, Robert. — Born in 
Franklin County, Pennsylvania. He 
graduated at Dickinson College ; prac- 
tised law for a year or so in Pittsburg, 
and in 1833 removed to Michigan, and 
established himself at Monroe. He 
served for several years in the Legisla- 
ture of that State ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1843 to 
1849. He was twice elected Governor 
of Michigan, in 1851 and 1852 ; and was 
appointed Secretary of the Interior De- 
partment, hy President Pierce, the ar- 
duous duties of which position he per- 
formed with fidelity and ability. 

McClenachan, Blair. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1797 to 1799. 

McClernand, Jolin A. — Born in 
Breckenridge County, Kentucky, May 
30, 1812; brought up at Shawneetown, 
Illinois, and had only the advantages 
of a common school education. He 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1832, and served as a private, 
but with credit, in the Black Hawk 
war. He established the first Demo- 
cratic press in Shawneetown, and edited 
his paper and practised law until 1843, 
when he was elected to Congress, and 
served as a Representative until 1851. 
He had also, before going to Congress, 
been elected to the State Legislature. 
In 1859 he was again elected to Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on 
Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-se- 
venth Congress, but re.signed to accept 
the commission of Brigadier-General in 
the Union army in 1861. 

McClurg, tToseph W. — Born in 

St. Louis County, Missouri, February 
22, 1818 ; received a good education, 
chiefly at Oxford College, Ohio ; in his 



seventeenth year he went to Louisiana 
and Mis.sissippi, and spent nearly two 
years as a teacher ; went to Texas in 
1841, where he was admitted to the bar, 
and was Clerk of the Circuit Court ; in 
1844 he settled in Missouri as a mer- 
chant ; when the Rebellion broke out 
his interests suftered greatly from the 
plunder of the Rebels ; took part in the 
war as Colonel of the Osage regiment 
of infantry, and also of a cavalry regi- 
ment ; was a member of the Missouri 
State Convention in 18(32, and was elect- 
ed a Representative, from Missouri, to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Territories. He was 
also a Delegate to the Baltimore Con- 
vention of 1864. 

3Tc Comas, William. — Was born 
in Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1833 
to 1887, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Manufactures. 

McConnell, Felix G. — Was a na- 
tive of Lincoln County, Tennessee, but 
removed in 1824 to Talladega County, 
Alabama. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 
1846. He died, by his own hand, in 
Washington, District of Columbia, Sep- 
tember, 1846, aged thirty-six. 

McCord, Andrew. — He was a 

member of the New York Assembly, 
during the years 1800, 1801, 1802, and 
1807, part of the time Speaker; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1803 to 1805. 

McCorkle, JToseph W. — He was 

born in Ohio, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from California, from 1851 
to 1853. 

McCoy, Robert. — He resided at 
one time in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and 
held several public positions in that 
State, such as Brigadier-General of 
militia, and Canal Commissioner. He 
was a member of Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1831 to 1833, and died 
at Wheeling, Virginia, June 7, 1849. 

McCoy, William. — He was born 

in Augusta County, Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1811 to 1833. 

McCrate, John X).— He was born 



17 



250 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



in Wiscasset about 1800 ; gradviated at 
Bowdoin College in 1819 ; adopted the 
profession of law ; was a member of the 
State Legislature, from 1831 to 1836; 
Collector of Customs at Wiscasset, from 
1886 to 1841 ; andwas aKepresentativein 
Congress, from Maine, from 1845 to 1847. 

McCreary, John. — He was born 
in Chester District, South Carolina, and 
was a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1819 to 1821. 

McCreary, William. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1803 to 1809. 

McCreedy, William. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1829 to 1831. 

* 
McCulloch, George. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
irom 1840 to 1841. 

McCulloch, John. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1853 to 1855. 

McCulloch, Thomas Cr.— He was 

born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1820 to 1822. 

McDonald, Joseph E.—Bom in 
Ohio, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. 

3IcDonald, Moses.— Born in Li- 
merick, York County, Maine, April 8, 
1815. Practised law from 1837 to 1845 ; 
and was a member of the Maine Legis- 
lature in 1841 and 1842. In 1845 was 
Speaker of the House. In 1847, 1848, 
and 1849, served as Treasurer of the 
State; represented the First Congres- 
sional District in the Thirty-second and 
Thirty-third Congresses; and in April, 
1857, was appointed, by President Bu- 
chanan, Collector for the District of 
Portland and Falmouth. 

McDougall, James A. — Was 

born in Bethlehem, Albany County, 
New York, November 19, 1817; received 
his education at the Albany grammar 
school ; assisted in the survey of the first 
railway ever built in this country, that 
of Albany and Schenectady ; studied law, 



and adopted that profession ; removed to 
Pike County, Illinois, in 1837; in 1842 
he was chosen Attorney-General of Il- 
linois ; re-elected in 1844; in 1849 he 
originated and accompanied an explor- 
ing expedition to Rio del Norte, the 
Grila, and Colorado ; he afterwards emi- 
grated to California, and followed his 
profession at San Francisco ; in 1850 was 
elected Attorney-Greneral of California ; 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
California, from 1853 to 1855, declining 
a re-nomination ; and in 1861 he was 
elected a Senator in Congress, for six 
years, serving on the Committees on Fi- 
nance, and Naval Affairs, and as Chair- 
man of the Committee on the Pacific 
Railroad. He was also a Delegate to the 
Chicago Convention of 1864. 

McDotvell, James. — He was born 
in Rockbridge County, Virginia, in 1796, 
and graduated at Princeton College in 
1816. He was Governor of Yirginia 
from 1842 to 1845, and from 1845 to 
1851 he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from the Eleventh Congressional 
District of Yirginia. In 1846 his Alma 
Mater conferred on him the degree of 
LL.D. He was an eloquent speaker, an 
upright man, and a true patriot. He 
died near Lexington, Yirginia, August 
24, 1851. 

McDotvell, James Foster.— Born 
in Mifliin County, Pennsylvania, De- 
cember 3, 1825 ; went with his parents 
to Ohio in 1835 ; served for a time in a 
printing-oflace ; during which appren- 
ticeship he studied law, and came to the 
bar in his twenty-first year, and his first 
office was that of County Attorney. In 
1851 he settled in Indiana, and esta- 
blished the Marion Journal ; was a Pre- 
sidential Elector in 1852; and in 1862 
he was elected a Representative, from 
Indiana, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Invalid 
Pensions. 

McDowell, Josexth. — Born in Win- 
chester, Yirginia, and emigrated with 
his father to North Carolina, where he 
tooli an active part in the military ope- 
rations of the time, and was at the bat- 
tle of King's Mountain. He was a mem- 
ber of the House of Commons from 1782 
to 1788, and a Representative in Con- 
gress from 1793 to 1795, and again from 
1797 to 1799. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



251 



McDoiceU, Joseph «7.— He was 

born in North Carolina, and on remov- 
ing to Kentucky was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1843 to 1847. 

McDuffle, George.— ^Q was born 
in Columbia County, Georgia, in 1788; 
was for a time a clerk in Augusta ; gra- 
duated at the South Carolina College in 
1813 ; adopted the profession of law ; 
served a number of years in the State 
Legislature ; was a Trustee of his Alma 
Mater ; a Major of militia; was elected 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
South Carolina, in 1821, and served un- 
til 1835, when he was chosen Governor 
of the State. In 1843 he was elected 
a Senator of the United States, but was 
compelled by ill health to resign that 
station before the expiration of his term 
of office. His ill health was partly the 
result of a duel which he fought in Au- 
gusta, Georgia, with Colonel Cumming, 
in which he was wounded. He was a 
co-worker and friend of Calhoun and 
Hayne, and an eloquent defender of the 
peculiar institutions of the South. He 
died in Sumter District, South Caro- 
lina, March 11, 1851. 

McFarlan, Duncan. — A Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from North Caro- 
lina, from 1805 to 1807, and subse- 
quently a member of the State Senate 
for three years. 

McGanghey, Edtvard FF. — He 

was born in Indiana, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1845 to 1847, and for another term 
ending in 1851. 

McHatton, Robert. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1826 to 1829. 

McHenry, John H. — He was 

born in Kentucky, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1843 to 1847. 

McHvane, Abraham R. — Born 
at Crum Creek, Delaware, August 14, 
1804. He was bred a farmer, in which 
pursuit he was eminently successful, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1843 to 1849. Died 
in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 
August, 1863. 



3Icllvane, Joseph. — Was born in 
Bristol, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 
in 1768 ; received a good education, and 
was admitted to the bar in New Jersey 
in 1791 ; he took an interest in military 
matters, and in 1798 attained the rank 
of Captain in McPherson's Regiment of 
Blues ; in 1800 he was elected Clerk of 
Burlington County, and held the office 
twenty-four years; in 1801 he was ap- 
pointed, by President Jefferson, Attor- 
ney of the United States for New Jersey, 
which office he also held for twenty 
years ; in 1804 he was appointed aide-de- 
camp of the Governor of New Jersey, 
with the title of Colonel ; in 1818 he was 
appointed Judge of the Superior Court 
of New Jersey, but declined the ap- 
pointment ; and he was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1823 to 
1826, having died in Burlington on the 
19th of August of the latter year. He 
was a man of high character and great 
influence. 

3IcIndoe, Walter D. — Was born 
in Scotland, March 30, 1819; emigrated 
to New York City in his fifteenth year ; 
and was a clerk in a large mercantile 
house ; followed the same pursuit in 
Charleston, South Carolina, and in St. 
Louis, Missouri, and subsequently set- 
tled in Wisconsin, and engaged in the 
lumber business ; served in the Wiscon- 
sin Legislature in 1850, 1854, and 18-55; 
was a Presidential Elector in 1856 and 
1860; and was elected a Representative, 
from Wisconsin, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress (in place of Luther Hanchett, 
deceased), and was re-elected to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committees on Indian Affairs, and Re- 
volutionary Pensions. 

Mclntyre, Rtifus. — Born in York, 
County of York, Maine, December 19, 
1784 ; received a common school educa- 
tion, and by teaching for two or three 
years, acquired the means to fit himself 
for college at South Berwick Academy, 
and graduated at Dartmouth in 1809. 
He studied law, and was admitted to 
practice in 1812. In the mean time 
war was declared, and he was appointed 
Captain of militia, and remained in 
service on the frontier until peace was 
declared, after which he returned to the 
practice of his profession at York. He 
represented that town in the Brunswick 
Convention ; and after the separation 
from Massachusetts, he was a Repre- 



252 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



sentative in the Legislature at its first 
session ; he was then appointed County 
Attorney, which otfice he held till elect- 
ed to Congress as Kepresentative of 
Maine, serving from 1826 to 1835. In 
1826 he was a Commissioner for set- 
tling the boundary line of his State, 
and in 1836 was a member of the Legis- 
lature, and was appointed Land Agent 
for two years, in 1839. He was subse- 
quently United States Marshal for 
Maine, and Surveyor of the port of 
Portland four years. He has been con- 
nected with two or three academies as 
overseer, and is a member of the Board 
of Overseers of Bowdoin College. He 
is now devoted to agriculture. 

McKay, James J. — Born in Bla- 
den County, North Carolina, in 1793. 
He was bred to the law ; and served 
from 1815 to 1831 in the State Senate, 
and was at one time United States Dis- 
trict Attorney. He was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from 1831 to 1849, and 
was for a time Chairman of the Com- 
mittee of Ways and Means. At the 
Baltimore Convention, which nomi- 
nated Lewis Cass for President, he re- 
ceived the vote of the North Carolina 
delegation as candidate for Vice-Presi- 
dent. He died in Goldsborough, North 
Carolina, September 14, 1853. 

McKean, James BadelL — Born 

in Hoosic, Eensselaer County, New 
York, August 5, 1821 ; during his youth 
he worked upon his father's farm in 
Saratoga County, receiving his educa- 
tion chiefly from the district school and 
academies; taught school for a time, 
and became a school Superintendent for 
the town where he lived ; served one 
term as a Professor in Jonesville Aca- 
demy ; was a Colonel of infantry ; he 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1849 ; in 1855 he was elected 
County Judge for Saratoga County for 
four years ; and in 1858 was elected a 
Representative, from New York, to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Expenditures 
in the State Department. Ee-elected 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
as Chairman of the Committee on Ex- 
penditures in the State Department. 

McKean, Samuel. — He was born 
in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1829, 



and a Senator of the United States, 
from 1833 to 1839. He died June 23, 
1840, in McKean County. He was a 
man of talent and influence. 

McKee, John. — He was born in 
Rockbridge County, Virginia, and was 
at one time a G-overnment Agent among 
the Choctaw Indians, also a Commis- 
sioner for settling the boundary line of 
Tennessee, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1828 to 
1829. 

McKee, Samuel. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1809 to 1817. 

McKennan, Thomas M. T. — 

He was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1839, 
and from 1841 to 1843, and died at 
Reading, July 9, 1852. 

McKenney, John F. — He was 

born near Piqua, Ohio, April 12, 1827 ; 
spent his boyhood chiefly on a farm; 
received an academic education, and 
spent one year at the Ohio Wesleyan 
LTniversity ; adopted the profession of 
law ; and in 1862 he was elected a Re- 
presentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Unfinished Business, and on 
the Militia. 

McKeon, John. — He was born in 
New York, and was educated a lawyer. 
In 1832, 1833, and 1834, he served in 
the Legislature of New York, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1835 to 1837, and again 
from 1841 to 1843. He has twice been 
appointed United States District At- 
torney for the Southern District of New 
York. He was also a Delegate to the 
Chicago Convention of 1864. 

McKibbin, Joseph C. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania, and having taken 
up his residence in California, was elect- 
ed a Representative, from that State, to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a 
member of the Committee on Public 
Lands and on Private Land Claims. 

3IcKim, Alexander. — Born in 

1748, and died at Baltimore, January 
18, 1832. He was a member of Con- 
gress, from Maryland, from 1809 to 
1815. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



253 



McKiin, Isaac. — He was a much- 
respected and wealthy merchant of Bal- 
timore ; a member of Congress, from 
Maryland, from 1823 to 1825, and again 
from 1835 to 1838; and died in Wash- 
ington, April 1, 1838. 

McKinley, John, — Born in Vir- 
ginia; removed to Kentucky, thence to 
Alabama ; and he was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Alabama, from 1826 to 1837. 
In 1837 he was appointed a Justice of 
the Supreme Court of the United States, 
and died in Louisville, Kentucky, July 
19, 1852. 

McKinley, William. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1810 to 1811. 

McKissoch, Thomas. — He was 

born in Ulster County, New York, in 
1798. He received a classical educa- 
tion ; was bred first to the medical, and 
afterwards to the legal profession ; was, 
under the old organization, a Judge of 
the Supreme Court of New York ; and 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from 1849 
to 1851. 

McKnight, Robert. — Born in 

Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1820; gra- 
duated at Princeton College in 1839 ; 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1842; from 1847 to 1849, both 
inclusive, he was a member of the City 
Councils of Pittsburg, the last two years 
President of that body ; and was elected 
a Representative, from Pennsylvania, 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committee on Elec- 
tions. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving on the Committees on 
Foreign Affairs, and on Public Build- 
ings. 

McLanahan, James X. — He 

was born in Antrim, Franklin County, 
Pennsylvania, in 1809; graduated at 
Dickinson College in 1826 ; he studied 
law, and settled in Chambersburg ; in 
1841 he was elected to the State Senate; 
and in 1849 he was elected to Congress, 
and re-elected in 1851, and was Chair- 
man of the Committee on the Judiciary. 
He is now living in retirement. 

JMcLane, Louis. — He was born in 
Smyrna, Kent County, Delaware, May 
28, 1784. "When twelve years of age, 
he was appointed a midshipman in the 



navy, on leaving which, in 1801, he 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1807 ; in 1812 he was a volunteer 
in a company commanded by Caesar H. 
Rodney, and marched to the relief of 
Baltimore when threatened by the Bri- 
tish. He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Delaware, from 1817 to 
1827 ; and was chosen, by the Legisla- 
ture, a Senator in Congress, from 1827 
to 1829 ; was appointed in 1829, by 
President Jackson, Minister to Eng- 
land, where he remained two years ; 
and in 1831 he received the appointment 
of Secretary of the Treasury ; and in 
1833, that of Secretary of State under 
President Jackson. In June, 1834, he 
retired from political life, and in 1837 
was chosen President of the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroad Company, and, re- 
moving to Maryland, discharged the 
duties of that office until 1847. During 
the administration of President Polk, 
he accepted the- mission to England 
while the Oregon negotiations were 
pending ; after which he returned to 
Maryland, and in 1850 represented Ce- 
cil County in the State Constitutional 
Convention, and then retired to private 
life. He held a high rank as a states- 
man, and died in Baltimore, Marvland, 
in 1857. 



McLane, Robert M. — Born in 
Delaware, June 23, 1815 ; was educated 
at Washington College, District of Co- 
lumbia, and at St. Mary's College, Bal- 
timore ; went to Europe with his father, 
Louis- McLane, in 1829, and on his re- 
turn entered the West Point Academy, 
which he left in 1837 ; he served as an 
army officer in Florida, the Cherokee 
Country, and in the Northwest; in 1843' 
was adinitted to the bar of Baltimore ; 
in 1845 and 1846 was elected to the Ma- 
ryland Legislature ; and from 1847 to 
1851 was a Representative in Congress, 
from Maryland. In 1853 he was ap- 
pointed by President Pierce Minister to 
China, and on his return resumed the 
practice of his profession in Baltimore. 
In March, 1859, he was appointed by 
President Buchanan Minister to Mexico, 
but resigned in November, 1860. 

McLean, Alney.—^e was born in 
Burke County, North Carolina, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Kentucky, from 1815 to 1817, and again 
from 1819 to 1821. 



254 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



McLean, Finis E. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1851. 

McLean, JoJin. — Born in Morris 
County, New Jersey, in 1785. Four 
years after his birth his fatlier emi- 
grated with his family to Virginia, 
whence he remov.ed to Kentucky, and 
finally settled in the State of Ohio. 
Here the son received a scanty educa- 
tion ; and, having determined to pursue 
the legal profession, he engaged at the 
age of eighteen to write in the clerk's 
otfice at Cincinnati, in order to maintain 
himself, by devoting a portion of his 
time to that labor, while engaged in his 
studies. In 1807 he was admitted to the 
bar, and entered upon the practice of 
the law at Lebanon, Ohio. In 1812 he 
became a candidate to represent his dis- 
trict in Congress, and was elected by a 
large majority. He professed the poli- 
tical principles of the Democratic party, 
being an ardent supporter of the war, 
and of President Madison's administra- 
tion. In 1814 he was again elected to 
Congress by a unanimous vote, a cir- 
cumstance of rare occurrence, and re- 
mained a member of the House of Ile- 
presentatives until 1816, when the Le- 
gislature of Ohio having elected him a 
Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
State, he resigned his seat in Congress 
at the close of the session. He remained 
six years upon the Supreme Bench of 
Ohio. In 1822 he was appointed Com- 
missioner of the General Land Office by 
President Monroe ; and in 1823 he be- 
came Postmaster-General. In the year 
1829 he was appointed by President 
Jackson a Justice of the United States 
Supreme Court, after he had refused the 
offer of the War and Navy Departments. 
He entered upon the discharge of his 
duties at the January Term of 1830, and 
died at Cincinnati, April 4, 1861. 

McLean, JoJin. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Illinois, 
during the years 1818 and 1819 ; was a 
Senator in Congress, from that State, 
from 1824 to 1825, and again from 1829 
to 1830, having died on the 4th of 
October of the latter year. 

McLean, William. — He was a na- 
tive of Morris County, New Jersey ; a 
Representative in Congress, 'from Ohio, 
from 1823 to 1829, and died at Cincin- 



nati, October 12, 1839. He was a brother 
of Judge McLean, and when in Con- 
gress was mainly instrtimental in pro- 
curing an appropriation of half a mil- 
lion of acres of land for the extension 
of the Ohio Canal from Cincinnati to 
Cleveland. After his service in Con- 
gress he was engaged in business in Cin- 
cinnati. 

McLene, JeremiaJi. — He was born 
in 1767, and died in Washington City, 
March 19, 1837. He was for twenty- 
one years Secretary of State for Ohio, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1833 to 1837. 

3IcManus, William. — He was 

born in Rensselaer County, New York, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1825 to 1827. 

McMullen, Fayette. — He was 
born in Virginia, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1849 to 1855, and in May, 1857, he was 
appointed by President Buchanan Go- 
vernor of the Territory of Washington. 

McNair^ JTohn. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania in 1800, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1851 to 1855. Died at Evansport, 
Prince William County, Virginia, in 
August, 1861. 

McNiel, Archibald. — Born in 

Cumberland County, North Carolina ; 
entered the House of Commons in 1808 ; 
re-elected in 1809 ; served in the State 
Senate in 1811 and 1815, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1821 to 
1823, and again from 1825 to 1827. 

McPherson, Edward. — Born in 
Gettysburg, Adams County, Pennsyl- 
vania, July 31, 1830 ; graduated at 
Pennsylvania College in 1848 ; devoted 
some attention to the printing business, 
and edited a paper at Harrisburg in 
1851, and for several years afterwards. 
On account of his health he subse- 
quently turned his attention to agricul- 
tural pursuits ; and in 1858 was elected 
a Representative, from Pennsylvania, 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Public Buildings and 
Grounds. He has delivered many public 
addresses on literary and other topics, 
and is the author of several letters 
touching the internal affairs of his na- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



255 



tive State, which have exerted a wide 
influence for good. Re-elected to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as 
Chairman of the Committee on the Li- 
brary, and as a member of the Commit- 
tee on Military Affairs ; and in 1863 he 
was appointed Deputy Commissioner of 
the Revenue in the Treasury Depart- 
ment ; and on the meeting of the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, he was elected Clerk 
of the House of Representatives. During 
his last term in Congress he was a Re- 
gent of the Smithsonian Institution. 

McQueen, John. — He was born in 
Robinson County, North Carolina, in 
1808. He claims descent in a direct line 
from the heroic Robert Bruce of Scot- 
land, and his father, James McQueen, 
was a nephew of the celebrated Flora 
MacDonald. He received a good edu- 
cation under the guidance of an elder 
brother. Rev. A. McQueen, who was a 
graduate of the Chapel Hill University, 
North Carolina. He commenced the 
study of law in his native State, and 
completed his course of study in South 
Carolina, to which he removed at an 
early day. He was admitted to the bar 
in 1828, and having settled in Marlbo- 
rough District, he there commenced, 
and has ever since, as his public calls 
have permitted, continued the practice 
of his profession with success. During 
the Nullification times of 1833, he was 
elected a Colonel of the State militia, 
in 1834 a Brigadier-General, and in 
1835 a Major-General, which last posi- 
tion he held for ten years, and then re- 
signed. He was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress in 1849, and has con- 
tinued a member down to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving on leading 
committees. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress. Resigned in Decem- 
ber, 1860. 

McJRae, <John J. — He was born in 
Wayne County, Mississippi ; received a 
good education ; adopted the profession 
of law ; was elected frequently to the 
State Legislature, and during two ses- 
sions ofiiciated as Speaker ; was also 
elected to the State Senate ; was Gover- 
nor of Mississippi, from 1844 to 1848; 
was, by appointment, for a short time 
in the United States Senate ; and was 
elected to the second session of the Thir- 
ty-fifth Congress, from Mississippi, as 
the successor to General Quitman ; and 
was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 



gress, serving on the Committee on Mi- 
litary Affairs. Joined the Great Rebel- 
lion in 1861. 

3IcJReady, tfames. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1819 to 1821. 

McMoberfs, Samuel. — He was a 

Senator in Congress, from Illinois, from 
1841 to the time of his death, which oc- 
curred March 27, 1843, in Cincinnati, 
Ohio, aged about forty years. 

McSherry, James. — He was a na- 
tive of Adams County, Pennsylvania ; 
served twenty years in the Legislature 
of that State ; was a Delegate to reform 
the Constitution of the same ; and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1821 to 1823. Died at 
Littlestown, Pennsylvania, February 3, 
1849. 

3IcVean, Cliarles. — He was born 
at Johnstown, New York, in 1802, and 
died in the city of New York, Decem- 
ber 20, 1848. He was bred to the law, 
which he practised with success in Mont- 
gomery County, until he removed to 
New York. He held the office of Sur- 
rogate ; served as a Representative in 
Congress, from 1833 to 1835 ; and at the 
time of his death was District Attorney 
for Southern New York. 

Mc Willie, Williafn. — He was born 
in Kershaw District, South Carolina, 
November 17, 1795 ; graduated at the 
South Carolina College in 1817 ; adopted 
the profession of law ; came to the bar 
in 1818; was an Adjutant of militia; 
was a Representative and Senator in the 
Legislature of South Carolina ; and, on 
removing to Mississippi, in 1845, was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1849 to 1851. He 
was also President of a bank for several 
years ; and elected Governor of the State 
in 1858. 

3Ieacham, James. — Born in Rut- 
land, Vermont, in 1810; graduated at 
Middlebury College in 1822 ; was tutor 
there ; studied theology ; was settled in 
New Haven, Vermont ; was called from 
his parish to the Professorship of Elo- 
cution and English Literature in Mid- 
dlebury College, when, in 1849, he was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
and twice re-elected. At the time of 



256 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



his death, August 22, 1856, he was a 
member of Congress, and a Regent of 
the Smithsonian Institution. 

Mead, Cowles. — He was elected a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from Geor- 
gia, in 1805, but his election was suc- 
cessfully contested by Thomas Spalding ; 
and in 1806 he was appointed, by Presi- 
dent Jefferson, Secretary of Mississippi 
Territory. 

Meade, Richard K. — He was 

born in Virginia; received a liberal 
education ; and adopted the profession 
of law ; he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Virginia, from 1847 to 1853 ; 
was appointed, by President Pierce, in 
1853, Charge d'Affaires to Sardinia; 
and in 1857 was appointed, by President 
Buchanan, Minister to Brazil, which 
mission he held until 1861. 

Mebane, Alexander. — Born in 
Hawfields, Orange County, North Caro- 
lina, November 26, 1767, and died July 
5, 1795. He was a member of the Con- 
vention, in 1776, that met to form the 
State Constitution ; served a number of 
years in the Legislature ; and was in 
Congress dvxring the years 1793 and 
1794. He was distinguished for his sense, 
integrity, and firmness. 

Meflill, William. — He Avas born in 
New Castle County, Delaware; receiv- 
ed an academical education ; he studied 
law, and having removed to Ohio, was 
admitted to the bar of that State in 1832 ; 
he was soon after elected to the State 
Legislature, serving a number of years, 
and was twice elected Speaker ; he was 
elected a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1843 ; by 
President Polk, he was apjDointed First 
Assistant Postmaster-General, and sub- 
sequently held the office of Commission er 
of Indian Affairs ; in 1850 he was a 
member of the Convention called to re- 
vise the State Constitution, and chosen 
Chairman ; in 1851 and 1862 he was 
elected Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio ; 
in 1853 he was elected Governor of Ohio ; 
and, by President Buchanaza, was ap- 
pointed First Comptroller of the United 
States Treasury. 

Meech, Ezra. — He was born in 
New London, Connecticut, July 26, 
1773; was associated in early life with 



John Jacob Astor in the fur trade ; in 
1806 became agent of the Northwest 
Fur Company; and in 1809 was agent 
for supplying the British Government 
with spars and timber. Having settled 
in Vermont, he was, in 1822 and 1823, 
elected Chief Justice of Chittenden 
County; and was a member of the Con- 
stitutional Conventions of 1822 and 
1826. He was elected, in 1805 and 1807, 
to the State Legislature ; and was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from Ver- 
mont, from 1819 to 1821, and again from 
1825 to 1827. During the latter years 
of his life he was devoted to agricul- 
tural pursuits, and owned one farm, 
kept in a high state of cultivation, 
which contained three thousand acres, 
and upon which have been seen a flock 
of three thousand sheep and a herd of 
eight hundred oxen. He was remark- 
able for his intelligence and hospitality, 
and not less so for his personal appear- 
ance, as he measured six feet five inches 
in height, and weighed three hundred 
and seventy pounds ; and, strange as it 
may seem, he was one of the most ex- 
pert trout fishers in the county. He 
died at Shelburne, Vermont, September 
23, 1856. 

Meigs, Henry. — Born in New Ha- 
ven, Connecticut, October 28, 1782; 
graduated at Yale College in 1798; edu- 
cated a lawyer, and was elected a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York City, from 1819 to 1821, and for 
many years past has been an active 
officer, Eecording Secretary, and Trus- 
tee of the American Institute in New 
York. It was said of him, as some- 
thing remarkable, that he never wore 
an overcoat, never had a sore throat or 
headache, and, when seventy years of 
age, did not use glasses. Died in New 
York, May 20, 1861. 

31eigs, Meturn J. — Was a native 
of Middletown, Connecticut; graduated 
at Yale College in 1785, and was a law- 
yer by profession. He removed to Ohio, 
and became a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of the State ; was a Senator in 
Congress, from 1808 to 1810; and was 
Governor of the State, from 1810 to 
1814. He was appointed Postmaster- 
General of the United States in 1814, 
and held the office nine years. He died 
at Marietta, March 29, 1825. 

Mellen, Prentiss. — Born in Ster- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



257 



ling, Massachusetts, October 11, 17G4; 
graduated at Cambridge in 1784; stu- 
died law, and settled at Bridgewater ; 
in 1792 he became a citizen of Bidde- 
ford, Maine, and in 1806 settled at Port- 
land. In 1817 he was chosen a Senator 
in Congress, from Massachusetts ; and 
on the separation of Maine, in 1820, he 
resigned his seat in the Senate, and was 
elected the first Chief Justice of the Su- 
preme Court of Maine. He occupied a 
high position as a lawyer and jurist ; 
and in 1834, after becoming disqualified 
by age to serve as judge, he resumed 
the practice of law. His decisions may 
be found in the first eleven volumes of 
the Maine Keports. He was also a Trus- 
tee of Bowdoin College, from 1817 to 
1836 ; and in 1828 received the degree 
of LL.D. from that institution. He 
died at Portland, December 31, 1840. 

Menifee, Richard H. — He was 

a member of Congress, from Kentucky, 
from 1837 to 1839, and died at Frank- 
fort, February 21, 1841. 

Menzies, John W. — "Was born in 
Fayette County, Kentucky, April 12, 
1819 ; graduated at the University of 
Virginia in 1840; studied law and came 
to the bar in 1841, establishing himself 
in Covington, Kentucky, where he has 
ever since practised his profession. In 
1848 and 1855 he was elected to the 
General Assembly of Kentucky ; and 
in 1861 he was elected a Representative, 
from Kentucky, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving on the Committees 
on Elections, and Unfinished Business. 
He was also a Delegate to the Chicago 
Convention of 1864. 

Mercer, Charles Fenton. — Born 
in Fredericksburg, Virginia, June 6, 
1778 ; graduated at Princeton in 1797. 
In 1798, while a student of law, he ten- 
dered his services to General Wash- 
ington for the defence of the country 
against a threatened invasion by the 
French, and received from him a com- 
mission as first Lieutenant of cavalry, 
and soon after that of Captain, which 
he declined, not intending to devote his 
life to the military profession. In 1803, 
after spending a year in Europe, he re- 
turned and practised law. From 1810 
to 1817 he was a member of the General 
Assembly of Virginia. In 1811 he waS 
again called to military duty by the 
General Government ; and in 1813 was 



appointed aid to th" Governor, and rose 
to the rank of Brigadier-General of 
militia, having command of the forces 
at Norfolk. In 1816, as Chairman of 
the Committee on Finance, in the Le- 
gislature, he devoted his time to the 
promotion of internal improvements, 
and was chief supporter of the measure 
for the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 
and was appointed President of the 
Canal Company. He was a member of 
Congress, from 1817 to 1840. In 1853 
he visited Europe from philanthropic 
motives, at his own expense, and used 
his eflbrts for the entire abolition of the 
African slave trade, conferring with 
the chief executive ofiicers of most of 
the kingdoms of Europe on the subject. 
He died at Howard, near Alexandria, 
Virginia, May 4, 1858. 

Mercer, tTohn F. — He was a sol- 
dier of the Eevolution ; was a member 
of the old Congress, in 1782; was a 
member, from Maryland, of the Con- 
vention which formed the Federal Con- 
stitution ; a Representative in the new 
Congress, from 1792 to 1794; Governor 
of Maryland, from 1801 to 1803 ; also 
a member of the Legislature of that 
State ; and died at Philadelphia, Au- 
gust 30, 1821, in the sixty-fourth year 
of his age. 

Meriivether, David. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Geor- 
gia, from 1802 to 1807 ; and was ap- 
pointed, by President Jefterson, in 1804, 
a Commissioner to treat with the Creek 
Indians. 

Meriivefher, David. — He was a 

Senator in Congress, from Kentucky, 
by appointment, for one session, in 1852, 
and was appointed, by President Pierce, 
May 6, 1853, Governor of the Territory 
of New Mexico. 

Meriivether, I. A. — He was born 
in Georgia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1841 
to 1843. 

Meritv ether, James. — He was 

born in Wilkes County, Georgia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Georgia, from 1825 to 1827. 

Merrick, William D.— He filled 
several prominent positions in the State 
of Maryland, and served in the United 



258 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



States Senate, from 1838 to 1845. He 
died in Washington, District of Colum- 
bia, February 5, 1857, at an advanced 



Merrill, Orsainus C. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ver- 
mont, from 1817 to 1819; and also held 
the positions in that State of County 
Attorney for two years ; State Coun- 
cillor for four years ; State Senator for 
one year ; Register of Probate for two 
years ; and Judge of Probate for six 
years. 

Mervin, Orange. — He was born 
in Litchfield, Connecticut, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Con- 
necticut, from 1825 to 1829. 

JMetcalf, Arunah. — He was a na- 
tive of New York ; a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 
1813, and subsequently served four 
years in the Assembly of New York, 
from Otsego County. 

Metcalf, Thomas. — He was born 
in Fauquier County, Virginia, March 
20, 1780. When he was quite young, 
his parents emigrated to Kentucky, and 
settled in Fayette, where his education 
was restricted to the advantages of a 
few months' attendance at a country 
school. He worked at the trade of a 
mason, but employed his leisure hours 
in study, and soon developed remarka- 
ble intellectual abilities. In 1809 he 
first appeared as a public speaker, in 
defence of his country against British 
oppression ; served in the war of 1812, 
and in 1813 commanded a company of 
infantry at the battle of Fort Meigs, 
and greatly distinguished himself for 
his bravery. He was subsequently a 
member of the Kentucky Legislature 
for several years, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1819 to 1829, 
when he was elected Governor of Ken- 
tucky, which ofiice he held until 1833. 
In 1834 he was elected to the State 
Senate, and in 1840 was chosen Presi- 
dent of the Board of Internal Improve- 
ment. In 1848 he was appointed to fill 
the unexpired term of Mr. Crittenden, 
in the Senate of the United States, after 
which he retired to his farm, between 
MaySville and Lexington. He boasted 
of his service as a stone-mason, and 
delighted in being called the "Old 



Stone Hammer." He died in Nicholas 
County, Kentucky, August 18, 1855. 

MiddleswartJi, Ner. — He was 

born in New Jersey, and on removing 
to Pennsylvania, was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1853 to 1855. 

Mlddleton, George. — Was born 
in Philadelphia, October 14, 1811 ; came 
of the old stock of the Society of Friends ; 
received a common school education ; 
while yet a boy removed with his father 
to New Jersey, and settled in Burling- 
ton ; was engaged for many years in 
the business of tanning ; was twice 
elected to the Legislature of New Jer- 
sey ; has been noted in his district as a 
local peace- maker among his neighbors ; 
and was elected a Representative, from 
New Jersey, to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committees on 
Agriculture, and on the Expenditures 
in the Interior Department. 

Middleton, Henry. — A native of 
South Carolina ; was chosen a Repre- 
sentative in the State Legislature in 
1801 ; then State Senator until elected 
G-overnor in 1810. From 1815 to 1819 
he was a Representative in Congress, 
and in 1820 was appointed, by President 
Monroe, Minister to Russia, which posi- 
tion he filled for many years. He died 
in Charleston, South Carolina, June 
14, 1846. 

3Iiles, W. JPorcher. — Born in 

Charleston, South Carolina, in July, 
1822 ; prepared for college at the " Wel- 
lington School," and graduated at the 
Charleston College ; studied law ; was 
for several years Assistant Professor of 
Mathematics in Charleston College ; he 
was Mayor of Charleston in 1856 and 
1857, and inaugurated the present police 
system of that city, and also the present 
system of tidal drains for the same ; and 
he was elected a Representative, from 
South Carolina, to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth. 
Mr. Miles has been a frequent contribu- 
tor to the " Southern Quarterly Re- 
view," and has delivered a number of 
literary and patriotic addresses. It 
ought to be mentioned, that when the 
yellow fever was raging in Norfolk in 
1855, Mr. Miles visited that city as a 
humanitarian, and for that conduct was 
rewarded with the office of Mayor of 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



259 



Charleston. His Committees have been 
those of Commerce, and Foreign Af- 
fairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress. Was elected a member of 
the South Carolina Seceding Conven- 
tion in 1860, and resigned his seat in 
Congress. Served as a Colonel in the 
Eebellion, and as a member of the Con- 
federate Congress. 

Milledge, John. — He was born in 
Savannah, Georgia, and descended from 
one of the early settlers of the colony. 
He frequently served in the Legisla- 
ture, and in 1780 he was appointed At- 
torney-General of the State, and Gover- 
nor in 1802. He was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1792 to 1802, except- 
ing one term, and a Senator of the 
United States, from 1806 to 1809, serv- 
ing for a session as President jyro tern. 
of the Senate. He was the principal 
founder of the Univer.sity of Georgia, 
and presented the land which forms its 
site. He died at his country-seat, at 
the Sand Hills, February 9, 1818. His 
memory was honored by an Act of the 
Legislature, calling the capital of the 
State Milledgeville. 

Millen, John. — He was born in 
1804 ; educated a lawyer ; served in the 
Legislature of Georgia ; and died near 
Savannah, October 15, 18-43, about ten 
days after his election to a seat in the 
National House of Representatives. 

Miller, Daniel 2^.— Born in Alle- 
ghany County, Maryland, October 4, 
1814 ; studied law in Pittsburg, and 
admitted to the bar in 1838 ; emigrated 
to Iowa in 1839 ; and during the fol- 
lowing year was elected to the Legis- 
lature of that Territory. In 1848 he 
was the Whig candidate for Congress, 
but his seat having been contested, a 
new election took place in 1850, when 
he was elected for the term ending in 
1851. In 1856, he was a Presidential 
Elector, since which time he has resided 
in Fort Madison. 

Miller^ Daniel if.— He was a na- 
tive of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1823 to 1831. Died 
many years ago. 

Miller, Jacob W. — Born in Morris 
County, New Jersey ; bred a lawyer ; 
and was a Senator in Congress, from 



New Jersey, from 1841 to 1847 ; and 
having been re-elected, served until 
1853. Died at Morristown, New Jersey, 
September 30, 1862. 

Miller, Jesse. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1836 to 1837, and died at 
Harrisburg, August 20, 1850. By Presi- 
dent Jackson, he was appointed First 
Auditor of the Treasury. 

Miller, John. — He was born in 
Dutchess County, New York, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1825 to 1827, having pre- 
viously, as well as subsequently, served 
both in the Assembly and Senate of 
New York for a number of years. 

Miller, John. — He was distin- 
guished for his courage as an officer, in 
the last war with England ; soon after 
the struggle, he was appointed Register 
of the Land-office in Missouri ; subse- 
quently elected Governor of the State ; 
and he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1837 to 1843. Died near 
Florissant, Missouri, March 18, 1846. 

Miller, John G. — Born in Ken- 
tucky, ancl in 1835 emigrated to Mis- 
souri. In 1840 was elected to the State 
Legislature, and from 1853 to the time 
of his death he was a Representative in 
Congress, from Missouri. Died in Sa- 
line County, Missouri, May 11, 1856, 
aged forty-four. 

Miller, John K. — He was born in 
Ohio, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, froni 1847 to 1851. 

Miller, Joseph. — He was born in 
Ohio, was elected a Representative, from 
that State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
and was a member of the Committees 
on Unfinished Business, and Expendi- 
tures in the Navy Department. 

Miller, Killian. — Born in Clave- 

rack, Columbia County, New York, 
July 30, 1785 ; received a good common 
school education, with instruction in the 
Latin and Greek languages. He stu- 
died law, and was admitted to practice 
in 1806 ; from that time continued to 
pursue his profession, removing from 
Livingston to Hudson City in 1833. In 
1824 and in 1827 he was a member of 



260 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



the General Assembly, and in 1837 was 
elected County Clerk, which office he 
held for three years. In 1854 he was 
chosen a Representative in the Thirty- 
fourth Congress. 

Miller, Morris S. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1813 to 1815; and in 1819 
was appointed a Commissioner to super- 
intend a treaty with the Seneca Indians. 
He was also Judge of a County Court, 
and died at Utica, November 15, 1824, 
aged forty-five years. 

Miller, Pleasant M. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ten- 
nessee, from 1809 to 1811. 

Miller^ Utitger B. — Born in New 
York, and was a Representative, from 
that State, in the Twenty-fourth Con- 
gress, in the place of S. IBeardsley, re- 
signed. 

Miller, Samuel F. — He was born 
in Franklin, Delaware County, New 
York, May 27, 1827; graduated at Ha- 
milton College in 1852 ; studied law, 
and came to the bar in 1853, but in- 
stead of practising the profession turned 
his attention to farming and lumbering. 
In 1854 he was elected to the New York 
Legislature ; in 1850 and 1857 he was 
Supervisor of Franklin ; was for fifteen 
years identified as a Colonel with the 
State militia ; and in 1862 he was elected 
a Representative, from New York, to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Public Lands. 

Miller, Smith. — He is a native of 
North Carolina, but when a youth re- 
moved with his father to Indiana. His 
school education was limited, and he 
engaged in farming as an occupation. 
He was a member of both branches of 
the Legislature of Indiana, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1853 to 
1855. 

Miller, Stephen, ID. — He was born 
in the Waxsaw Settlement, South Caro- 
lina, in May, 1787; graduated at the 
South Carolina College in 1808 ; adopted 
the profession of law ; came to the bar 
in 1812 ; served in the South Carolina 
Senate in 1822 ; represented his native 
State in the Lower House of Congress 
from 1819 to 1820; was Governor of 
South Carolina from 1828 to 1830 ; and 



elected a Senator in Congress for the 
term from 1831 to 1837, but resigned on 
account of his health at the end of two 
years. He died at Raymond, Missis- 
sippi, March 8, 1838, having removed 
to that State in 1835, where he was an 
extensive planter. 

Miller, William Jf. — Born in 
Perry County, Pennsylvania, Januarj'' 
29, 1828 ; graduated at Marshall College, 
Franklin, Pennsylvania ; in 1854 was 
appointed Clerk of the Supreme Court 
of his native State, which oflace he held 
until 1863 ; and he was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Pennsylvania, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Invalid Pensions. His 
father, Jesse Miller, was also a Repre- 
sentative in Congress. 

Miller, William S. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1845 to 1847, and a man of 
high cultivation. He died in N ew York 
City, November 9, 1854. 

Milligan, J~ohn J. — Born in Cecil 
County, Maryland, December 10, 1795 ; 
after receiving an academical education, 
he entered Princeton College, and re- 
mained three years ; he then studied 
law, and was admitted to practice in 
New Castle County, Delaware, in 1818, 
and pursued his profession for several 
years, but subsequently retired to a 
country-seat near Wilmington. In 1830 
he was elected a member of the House 
of Representatives in Congress, and 
served from 1831 to 1839. In 1839 he 
was appointed, by the Governor, Judge 
of the Superior Court of the State of 
Delaware, and has continued in this 
position ever since. 

Mills, Elijah JT.— Born in 1778; 
graduated at Williams College in 1797 ; 
studied law ; was a Representative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1815 
to 1819, and a Senator in Congress, from 
1820 to 1827. He died at Northampton, 
May 5, 1829. 

Millson, John S. — Born in Nor- 
folk, Virginia, October 1, 1808, and 
commenced the study of law before the 
age of sixteen ; he held no public office 
until elected a Representative, from 
Virginia, in the Thirty-first Congress, 
which position he has filled, jsy re-elec- 
tions, to the present time, 1860, serving 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



261 



as a member of the Committees on Com- 
merce, and Ways and Means. 

MilHvavd, John. — Born in Penn- 
sylvania, and elected a Kepresentative, 
from that State, to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Patents. 

Millward, William. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1855 to 1857. 

Milnor, James. — ^He was born in 
Philadelphia, June 20, 1773; he received 
his education at a grammar school and 
at the University of Pennsylvania, and 
subsequently studied law. In 1794 he 
commenced the practice of his profes- 
sion, before he was twenty-one years of 
age. From 1811 to 1813 he was a Re- 
presentative, from Pennsylvania, in 
Congress. In 1811 he was elected a 
Delegate to the General Convention of 
the Episcopal Church, and in 1814 was 
ordained a clergyman by Bishop White, 
and in 1816 was called to the rectorship 
of St. George's Church, in New York. 
He was one of the founders of the New 
York Deaf and Dumb Institution, and 
after spending the evening in company 
with its directors, in apparent good 
health, died suddenly, April 8, 1845. 

Milnor, William. — He was born 
in Philadelphia, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1807 to 1811, from 1815 to 1817, 
and again from 1821 to 1822. 

Miner, Ahiman L. — He was born 
in Vermont ; was Clerk of the Vermont 
House of Representatives, in 1836 and 
1837 ; a State Representative, in 1838, 
1839, and 1846 ; a State Senator in 1840 ; 
County Attorney for two years ; Regis- 
ter of Probate for seven years ; Judge of 
Probate, from 1846 to 1849; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Ver- 
mont, from 1851 to 1853. 

Miner, Charles. — He was born in 
Norwich, Connecticut, about the year 
1800; when a boy, removed with his 
father to Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, 
and subsequently settled in West Ches- 
ter, and for many years published the 
" Village Record," in that place, which 
attained a high position. He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 



vania, from 1825 to 1829, and declined 
a re-election on account of deafness. He 
is the author of an interesting work, en- 
titled "History of Wyoming." 

Miner, Phineas. — He was an emi- 
nent lawyer, and a Representative in 
Congress, from Connecticut, during the 
years 1834 and 1835, for an unexpired 
term. He died at Litchfield, in that State, 
September 16, 1839, aged sixty years. 

Mitchell, Anderson. — Born in 
Caswell County, North Carolina, in 
1800. He graduated at the University 
of that State in 1821 ; studied law, and 
settled in Wilkes County in 1840, when 
he was immediately elected to the Le- 
gislature. He was a member of Con- 
gress in 1842 and 1843, and since that 
time has devoted all his attention to his 
profession. 

Mifcliell, Charles JP. — He was 

born in New York, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1837 to 1841. 

Mitchell, George E. — He was born 
in Cecil County, Maryland, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1823 to 1827, and again from 
1829 to 1832. He died in Washington, 
June 28, 1832. 

Mitchell, Henry. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, froin 1833 to 1835. 

3Iitchell, James C. — He was born 
in Mecklenburg County, North Caro- 
lina, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1825 to 1829. 

Mitchell, Jatnes S. — He was born 
in York County, Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1821 to 1827. 

Mitchell, John. — He was born in 
Perry County, Pennsylvania, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1825 to 1829. He 
died at Beaver, Pennsylvania, in Au- 
gust, 1849. 

Mitchell, N^aJiuni. — Born in East 
Bridgewater, Massachusetts, February 
12, 1769; graduated at Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1789 ; taught school, studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 



262 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



1792. Prom 1811 to 1821 he was Judge 
, of the Circuit Court of Common Pleas, 
and afterwards Chief Justice. From 
1798 to 1812 he was a Eepresentative in 
the General Court ; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1803 to 1805. In 
1813 and 1814 he was State Senator ; 
and from 1814 to 1820 he was one of the 
Governor's Council ; and from 1822 to 
1827 he was Treasurer of the State. In 
1840 he published a History of Bridge- 
water, Massachusetts ; was a member of 
the Massachusetts Historical Society ; 
and published a volume of sacred music, 
entitled the " Bridgewater Collection." 
He fell and died suddenly in one of the 
streets of Plymouth, August 1, 1853, 
while attending the first celebration of 
the embarkation of the Pilgrims at Delft 
Haven. 

Mitchell, Stephen M.—B.e was 

born at Wetnersfield, Connecticut, De- 
cember 27, 1743 ; graduated at Tale Col- 
lege in 1763 ; was chosen a tutor in the 
College in 1766, in which station he con- 
tinued three years ; he entered upon the 
practice of law in 1772 ; was appointed 
in 1779 a Judge of the Hartford County 
Court, and in 1790 placed at the head of 
that Court; in 1795 he was appointed 
Judge of the Superior Court of Connec- 
ticut, and in 1807 Chief Justice of that 
Court, which office he held until 1814, 
when he became disqualified by age. 
He was a Delegate to the old Congress, 
in 1783 and 1785 ; and in 1793 he was 
appointed to the United States Senate, 
which position he held until 1795, when 
he was made Judge of the Superior 
Court. It was to his services, while in 
Congress, that Connecticut was greatly 
indebted for the establishment of her 
title to the tract of land in Ohio called 
the "Western Eeserve." He died in 
the place of his birth, September 30, 
1835. In him were combined the dig- 
nity of the Christian, the purity of the 
patriot, and the virtues of the faithful 
public servant and useful citizen. 

Mitchell, Thomas It. — Born in 
Georgetown, South Carolina; he gra- 
duated at Harvard University in 1802 ; 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
South Carolina, from 1821 to 1823, from 
1825 to 1829, and again from 1831 to 
1833 ; he died in 1837. 

Mitchell, William.— B-e was born 
in New York, and elected a Eepresen- 



tative from Indiana, to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Indian Affairs. 

Mitchill, Mobert. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1833 to 1835, 
from Ohio. 

Mitchill, Samuel Latham. — 

Born on Long Island in 1763, and was 
well educated ; after the close of the 
war he went to Edinburgh, and there 
studied medicine and natural historj'. 
On his return he was appointed Pro- 
fessor of Chemistry and Natural History 
in Columbia College ; and his practice 
as a physician was extensive ; he edited, 
with Dr. Smith, fourteen volumes of 
the "Medical Repository;" he also 
published a Life of Tammany, the In- 
dian chief, and other useful works, his- 
torical and scientific. . He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1801 to 1804, and again from 1810 
to 1813 ; and a Senator, from 1804 to 
1809. He died in New York, Septem- 
ber 8, 1831. 

Moffit, Hosea. — He was born in 

New York ; served six years in the Le- 
gislature of that State ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1813 to 
1817. 

Molony, Richard S. — He was 

born in New Hampshire, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Illinois, 
from 1851 to 1853. 

3Ionell, Mobert. — He was a native 
of Columbia County, New York, and a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1819 to 1821, and again 
from 1829 to 1831. 

Monroe, James. — Born April 28, 
1758, in Westmoreland County, Vir- 
ginia. He was educated at William 
and Mary College. In 1776 he joined 
the army in the Revolutionary war, and 
continued with it till 1778, having dis- 
played great bravery, when he retired 
and engaged in the study of law. In 
1780 he held the office of Military Com- 
missioner for Virginia, and in that ca- 
pacity visited the Southern army. In 
1782 he was a member of the Virginia 
Assembly ; and in 1783 a Delegate to 
Congress. In 1788 he was a member of 
the Convention, in Virginia, to delibe- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



263 



rate on the proposed Constitution for the 
United States. In 1790 he was elected 
a Senator of the United States, from 
Virginia. In 1794 he received the ap- 
pointment of Minister Plenipotentiary 
to France, and was recalled in 1797. 
In 1799 he was elected Governor of 
Virginia. In 1802 he was sent on a 
special mission to France, which re- 
sulted in the purchase of Louisiana. In 
1803 he was appointed Minister to Eng- 
land ; and in 1805 he was associated 
with Charles Pinckney to negotiate with 
Spain. During his residence in Eng- 
land, he and Mr. William Pinckney ne- 
gotiated a commercial treaty with Great 
Britain, but it was never submitted to 
the Senate by President Jelferson. He 
returned to America in 1808. In 1811 
he was Governor of Virginia, and the 
same year received, from President 
Madison, the appointment of Secretary 
of State, which office he held till his 
election as President, March 4, 1817. 
During a part of the time, in 1814 and 
1815, he also performed the duties of 
Secretary of War. He was again elected 
President in 1821. He died July 4, 
1831. 

Monroe, James. — He was born in 
Virginia, and having removed to New 
York, was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, serving from 
1839 to 1841 ; he was a member of the 
Assembly of New York in 1850 and 
1852, and a State Senator during the 
three subsequent years. 

Montanya, J. L. D. — He was born 
in New York, served two years in the 
Assembly of that State, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1839 to 1841. 

Montgomery, Daniel. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1807 to 1809. 

Montgomery, John. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1807 to isfl. 

Montgomery, John G. — He was 

elected a member of the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, but died 
before taking his seat, of the mysterious 
National Hotel disease, at Danville, 
Pennsylvania, April 24, 1857, aged fifty- 
two years. He was an excellent .law- 
yer, of great experience and learning, 



and a brilliant career was anticipated 
for him in the arena of national poli- 
tics. 

Montgomery, Thomas. — He was 

born in Nelson County, Virginia, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Kentucky, from 1813 to 1815, and again 
from 1821 to 1823. Died April 2, 1828. 

Montgomery, William. — He was 

a Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1793 to 1795. 

Montgomery, William. — Born 
in Guilford County, North Carolina, 
and was educated for the medical pro- 
fession. He was elected to the General 
Assembly in 1824, where he served, 
with but one intermission, until 1834, 
when he was elected a Representative 
in Congress, and continued in that po- 
sition until 1841. He died November 
27, 1844, aged fifty-three years. 

Mon tgomery, William, — Born 
in Canton Township, Pennsylvania, 
April 11, 1819; graduated at Washing- 
ton College, Pennsylvania, in 1839 ; he 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1842, and he was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, in 1856, serv- 
ing in the Thirty-fifth Congress on the 
Committee on Public Lands. He was 
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Roads and Canals. 

Moor, Wyrnan IB. S. — Born in 

Waterville, Maine, November 3, 1814 ; 
graduated at Waterville College ; stu- 
died law at Cambridge, and admitted to 
the bar in 1834; was a member of the 
Maine Legislature, in 1839 ; was Attor- 
ney-General of that State, from 1844 to 
1848 ; and by appointment, succeeded 
John Fairfield, as a Senator in Con- 
gress, serving during the session of 1848 
and 1849. He subsequently devoted 
much attention to the railroad interests 
of his State, and in 1857 was appointed 
by President Buchanan, Consul-Gene- 
ral for the British American Provinces. 

Moore, Andrew. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1789 to 1797, and again from 1803 
to 1804 ; when he was chosen to the 
United States Senate, and served until 
1809. Died in May, 1821. 



264 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



JHoore, Eli. — He was born in New 
Jersey, and educated as a printer ; was 
a Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1835 to 1839; was appointed 
Marshal of New York by President 
Polli ; subsequently edited a newspaper 
' in New Jersey ; was appointed Indian 
Agent in Kansas Territory ; and at the 
time of his death, in 1859, was Register 
of a Land, office in Kansas. 

3Ioore, Gabriel. — He was born in 
Stokes County, North Carolina, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from Ala- 
bama, from 1822 to 1829 ; a Senator in 
Congress, from 1831 to 1837; and died 
at Caddo, Texas, in 1844. 

Moore, Henry D. — He was born 
in Goshen, Orange County, New York, 
April 17, 1817; received his education 
at one of the public schools of New York 
City ; when sixteen years of age, he ac- 
quired a knowledge of the tailoring busi- 
ness, which he followed until 1843; in 
that year he removed to Philadelphia, 
and became interested in the marble 
business; and he was a Representative 
in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1849 tol853. 

Moore, Hewian A. — He was born 
in Vermont, in 1810, studied law in Ro- 
chester, New York, and removing to 
Columbus, Ohio, obtained distinction as 
a lawyer, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 
the time of his death, which occurred in 
Columbus, April 3, 1844. 

Moore^ JoJm. — He was a Repre- 
sentative m Congress, from Louisiana, 
from 1841 to 1843. 

Moore, John, — He was born in 

Virginia, and was a Representative in 
' Congress, from that State, froiii 1851 to 
1853. 

Moore, Laban T. — Born in Cabell 
County, V irginia, January 13, 1829 ; 
received a limited education ; removed 
to Kentucky and adopted the profession 
of law; and was elected a Representative, 
from Kentucky, to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
Manufactures. 

Moore, Nicholas R. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1803 to 1811, and again from 



1813 to 1816. Died at Baltimore, in 
1816. 

Moore, Oscar F. — He was born in 
Ohio, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. 

Moore, Mobert. — He was born in 
Washington County, Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1817 to 1821. 

Moore, Samuel. — He was born in 
Cumberland County, New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1819 to 1822. 

Moore, S. McJD. — He was born in 
Virginia, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 
1835. 

Moore, Sydenham. — Born in 
Rutherford County, Tennessee, but re- 
moved to Alabama with his parents, 
soon after its admission as a State ; he 
was educated at the University of Ala- 
bama ; was bred to the profession of the 
law ; was Judge of the County Court of 
Greene County, Alabama, for six years, 
and for a short time also of the Circuit 
Covirt of that State ; resigned his judge- 
ship, and went to Mexico as Captain of a 
volunteer company , and served one year, 
a portion of the time in General Tay- 
lor's line, on the Rio Grande, and also 
in General Scott's line at Tampico, Vera 
Cruz, Alvarado, and Jalapa ; and, on 
his returji home, was elected Brigadier- 
General of militia ; and was chosen, in 
1857, a member of the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress ; and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Claims. Took part in 
the Rebellion as a Colonel. 

Moore, Thomas. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from South Caro- 
lina, from 1801 to 1813, and again from 
1815 to 1817. 

Moore, Thomas JP. — He was born 
in Charlotte County, Virginia, in 1795; 
was an olBcer in the war of 1812 ; mem- 
ber of Congress, from 1823 to 1829, from 
Kentucky ; Minister to the Republic of 
Colombia in 1829 ; and Lieutenant-Co- 
lonel in the regular army during the 
war with Mexico. His last public po- 
sition was that of member of the Con- 
vention for revising the Constitution of 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



265 



Kentucky. He died in Harrodsburg, 
Kentucky, July 21, 1853. 

3Ioor€, Thomas S. — He was born 
in Jefferson County Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1820 to 1823. 

Moor head f J. Kennedy. — Bom 

on the Susquehanna River, Pennsylva- 
nia, in 1806 ; received a limited educa- 
tion ; spent the most of his youtli on a 
farm, and as an apprentice to a tanner; 
was one of the contractors for building 
the Susquehanna branch of the Penn- 
sylvania Canal ; was the originator of a 
passenger packet line on said canal ; in 
1836 he removed to Pittsburg, and there 
took an active part in improving the 
navigation of the Monongahela, and was 
made President of a company bearing 
that name, and established in that city 
the Union Cotton Factory; in 1838 he 
received the militia title of Adjutant- 
G-eneral, and subsequently, taking a 
great interest in the business of tele- 
graphing, became the President of se- 
veral telegraphic companies. In 1859 
he was elected a Representative, from 
Pennsylvania, to the Thirty -sixth Con- 
gress, serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Commerce ; was re-elected to 
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as 
Chairman of the special Committee on 
National Armories ; re-eiected to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as 
Chairman of the Committee on Manu- 
factures, and as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Naval Affairs. 

Moorhead, Charles S. — He was 

born in Nelson County, Kentucky, in 
1802 ; he adopted the profession of law,and 
after practising it for a few years he was 
elected to the State Legislature, serving 
during 1828 and 1829 ; he was appointed, 
in 1832, Attorney-General of Kentucky, 
which office he held five years; in 1838, 
1839, and 1840, he was again returned 
to the Legislature, officiating during the 
latter year as Speaker ; was re-elected 
and made Speaker in 1841 ; was again 
re-elected in 1842 and 1844, and for the 
third time chosen Speaker ; and he was 
a Representative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1847 to 1851 ; in 1853 he 
was once more returned to the Legisla- 
ture ; and in 1855 was elected Governor 
of Kentucky. He was for many years 
one of the most devoted friends and sup- 
porters of Henry Clay. In 1861 he was 



a Delegate to the Peace Convention held 
in Washington. 

Mo7'ehead, I. T. — A Representa- 
tive in Congress, from North Carolina, 
from 1851 to 1853. 

Morehead, James T. — Born in 
Covington, Kentucky, May 24, 1797 ; 
studied law and entered upon the prac- 
tice in 1818. He served three years in 
the State Legislature ; in 1832 he was 
elected Lieutenant-Governor of Ken- 
tucky, and after the death of Governor 
Breathitt, in 1834, became Governor. 
In 1837 he was again elected to the Le- 
gislature; and in 1838 he was appointed 
President of the Board of Internal Im- 
provements, which office he held until 
1841, when he was elected to the United 
States Senate for the term of six years. 
He subsequently resumed the practice 
of his profession, and died at Covington, 
Kentucky, December 28, 1854. 

3Iorgan, Christopher. — He was 

born in Groton, Connecticut; graduated 
at Yale College in 1828 ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1839 to 1843. 

Morgan, Daniel. — Was a native 
of NcAV Jersey, but removed in early 
life to Virginia. Having neither the 
advantages of wealth nor of a good edu- 
cation, he was dependent for his support 
on hard labor. In 1755 he served as a 
private soldier under General Braddock. 
At the close of the campaign he retired 
to a farm in Frederick County. At the 
commencement of the Revolution he 
commanded a troop of cavalry, under 
General Washington, at Boston. He 
was detached on the expedition against 
Quebec, and when Arnold was wounded 
he took command of his division ; but 
the retreat of the other division, after 
the fall of Montgomery, left Morgan to 
contend with the whole force of the 
enemy, and he was taken prisoner; on 
being exchanged, he was appointed to 
the command of a regiment. He was 
with General Gates at the capture of 
Burgoyne. In 1778 he commanded a 
corps on the Schuylkill to cut off sup- 
plies from the British in Philadelpthia. 
He served in the Southern campaign, 
under General Greene, and advanced to 
the rank of Brigadier-General, receiv- 
ing from Congress a gold medal, for the 
skill and bravery he displayed at the 



18 



266 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



battle of Cowpens in the defeat of Tarle- 
ton. In 1794 he commanded the mi- 
litia of Virginia, ordered out by Pre- 
sident Washington, for the purpose of 
suppressing the Whiskey Insurrection 
in Pennsylvania. He was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress from 1795 to 1799. 
In 1799 he published an address to his 
constituents, vindicating the adminis- 
tration of Mr. Adams. He died at Win- 
chester, Virginia, in 1802, aged sixty- 
nine. 

Morgan, Edivin S.— Born at Au- 
rora, Cayuga County, New York, May 
2, 1806. He was a merchant by occu- 
pation, until his election to the Thirty- 
third Congress as Eepresentative ; and 
he was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth 
and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a 
member of the Committee on Public 
Buildings and Grounds. 

Morgan, Edwin D. — Bom in 

Washington, Berkshire County, Massa- 
chusetts, Pebruary 8, 1811; at the age 
of seventeen years he entered a whole- 
sale grocery house, in Hartford, Con- 
necticut, as a clerk, and in three years 
became a partner ; soon after reaching 
his majority he was chosen a member of 
the City Council of Hartford ; in 1836 
he settled in New York City, and was 
extensively devoted to mercantile pur- 
suits ; in 1849 he was chosen an Alder- 
man of the city ; during the same year 
he was elected to the State Senate, serv- 
ing two terms ; in 1855 he was appointed 
Commissioner of Emigration, and held 
the office until 1858 ; was a Vice-Presi- 
dent of the National Eepublican Con- 
vention, held at Pittsburg in 1856; and 
has since then been Chairman of the 
National Eepublican Committee ; in 
1858 he was elected Governor of New 
York ; re-elected in 1860; in 1861 he was 
appointed, by President Lincoln, Ma- 
jor-General of volunteers, and though 
he rendered much service, declined all 
compensation, the number of troops sent 
to the war during his administration 
having amounted to 223,000; and in 
1863 he was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress, for New York, for the term end- 
ing in 1869, serving on the Committees 
on Finance, Military Afi'airs, and on 
Printing. He was also a Delegate to 
the Baltimore Convention of 1864. 

Morgan, James. — He was born in 
New Jersey, and was a Eepresentative 



in Congress, from that State, from 1811 
to 1813. 

Morgan, John J. — He was born 

in Queen's County, New York, and was 
a member of the New York Assembly ; 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1821 to 1825 ; and again in 
the Assembly in 1836 and 1840. Died 
in July, 1849. 

Morgan, William S. — Born in 
Monongalia County, Virginia, Septem- 
ber 7, 1801. He was self-educated; 
served as a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from Virginia, from 1835 to 1839, and 
was Chairman of the Committee on Ee- 
volutionary Pensions, and declined a re- 
election ; in 1840 he was appointed a 
Clerk in the House of Eepresentatives, 
from which position he was transferred 
to the Legislature of Virginia, and de- 
clined a re-election ; he was a Demo- 
cratic Elector in 1844 ; and in 1845, hav- 
ing injured his health by public speak- 
ing, he was appointed to a clerkship in 
the Treasury Department. 

Morril, David L. — Born in Ep- 

ping. New Hampshire, June 10, 1772, 
and died February 4, 1849. He attended 
Exeter Academy, studied medicine, and 
commenced the practice at Epsom in 
1798. He also studied theology, and 
was ordained a pastor, but resigned his 
charge in 1811, and resumed the prac- 
tice of medicine. He was a Eepresen- 
tative to the General Court, in 1811, 
1812, and 1816; and in 1816 was chosen 
to the United States Senate for six years. 
He subsequently became a member of 
the State Senate, and its President, and 
afterwards, for four successive terms, 
was elected Governor of New Hamp- 
shire. He wrote and published many 
occasional discourses and essays, on vari- 
ous religious and secular topics. 

Morrill, Anson P. — Was born in 
Belgrade, Maine, June 10, 1803 ; re- 
ceived the advantages of a common 
school education ; has been chiefly de- 
voted to mercantile and manufacturing 
pursuits ; was for several years a naem- 
ber of the Maine Legislature ; was Go- 
vernor of Maine from 1855 to 1857 ; and 
in 1860 was elected a Eepresentative, 
from Maine, to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, serving on the Committees on 
Post-oflices and Post-roads, and Eevo- 
lutionary Claims. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



267 



Morv'Ul, Jiistin S, — He was born 
in Strafford, Vermont, April 14, 1810 ; 
received an academic education, and en- 
gaged in mercantile pursuits until the 
year 1848, when he turned his attention 
to agriculture. He was elected a Re- 
presentative, from Vermont, to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress ; and re-elected 
to the" Thirty-fifth, the Thirty-sixth, the 
Thirty-seventh, and the Thirty-eighth 
Congresses, serving on the special Com- 
mittee on the Sale of Fort Snelling, and 
on the regular Committees on Agricul- 
ture, and bn Ways and Means. 

Morrill, Lot itf. — Was born in 
Belgrade, Kennebeck County, Maine, 
in 1815; entered Waterville College in 
1834, but soon after commenced the 
study of law, and in 1839 was admitted 
to the bar. He was a member of the 
Maine Legislature in 1854 ; of the Se- 
nate in 185G, and made its President; 
he was elected Governor of Maine in 
1858, and re-elected in 1859 and 1860; 
and in 1861 was elected a Senator in 
Congress, for the unexpired term of 
Hannibal Hamlin, elected Vice-Presi- 
dent of the United States. In the Se- 
nate, Mr. Morrill has served on the 
Committees on Commerce, District of 
Columbia, and Claims. He was also a 
member of the Peace Congress of 1861. 
He was re-elected to the United States 
Senate in 1863, for the term ending in 
1869. 

Morris, Calvary.— He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from Ohio, from 1837 to 
1844. 

Morris, Daniel.— Bom in Seneca 
County, New York, January 4, 1812 ; 
settled when quite young in Yates 
County, and was bred a farmer ; having 
educated himself, he taught school for 
a while, and then adopted the profession 
of law ; was at one time District At- 
torney for Yates County ; served one 
term in the State Legislature ; and was 
elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on the Judi- 
ciary. 

Morris, Edward Joy. — Born in 
Phihxdelphia, Pennsylvania, July 15, 
1817; graduated at Harvard Univer- 
sity ; was a member of the House of Re- 
presentatives of Pennsylvania in 1841, 



1842, and 1843 ; and elected to the Twen- 
ty-eighth Congress, as Representative 
from the First Congressional District ; 
was appointed United States Charge 
d'Afl'aires to Naples in 1850, where he 
remained four years. On his return to 
Philadelphia, was chosen a member of 
the Board of Directors of Girard Col- 
lege. In 1856 was again elected to the 
State Legislature, and in the fall of that 
year was elected to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, and was a member of the Commit- 
tee for the District of Columbia. As an 
author, his publications are, "A Tour 
through Turkey, Greece, and Egypt, 
Arabili Petra^a," &c. ; "The Turkish 
Empire, Social and Political;" "Afraja, 
or Life and Love in Norway" (a trans- 
lation) ; and also a translation from the 
German of Gregozovius, " Corsica, So- 
cial and Political," &c. He was re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Foreign Affairs. Re-elected to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress. 

Morris, Gouverneur. — Minister 
from the United States to France, and 
an eminent American statesman and 
orator. Born in Morrisania, New York, 
in 1752, and graduated at King's Col- 
lege, in the city of New York, in 1768. 
He was bred to the law, came to the bar 
in 1771, and attained great celebrity in 
the profession. In 1775 he was a Dele- 
gate to the Provincial Congress, from 
New York, and was employed in the 
public service in various capacities 
during the Revolutionary contest, and 
in all of them displayed great zeal and 
ability. After the war of the Revolution 
he retired from public life, although an 
active member of the Convention which 
formed the present Constitution of the 
United States. In 1792 he was appointed 
Minister to France, and remained in, that 
capacity till October, 1794. He returned 
to America in 1798, and in 1800 was 
chosen a Senator of the United States, 
from New York, serving three years. 
After retiring from Congress, he spent 
seven years in Philadelphia. He died 
November 6, 1816, aged sixty-four. 
His publications were numerous. Se- 
lections from his papers, with a sketch of 
his life, have been published by Jared 
Sparks. 

MonHs, Isaac N. — He is the fourth 
son of Thomas Morris, and brother of 
Jonathan D. Morris ; was born in Ohio, 



268 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



January 22, 1812. He studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1835 ; in 1836 
he emigrated to Illinois, and settled in 
Quincy, where he still resides. In 1840 
he was appointed Secretary of State for 
Illinois, but declined the position ; in 
1841 he was chosen President of the Il- 
linois and Michigan Canal Company ; 
in 1846 he was elected to the State Le- 
gislature from Adams County ; in 1856 
he was elected a Kepresentative, from 
Illinois, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Roads and Canals. 

M^orris, tlatnes JR. — He was born 
in Greene County, Pennsylvania, Janu- 
ary 10, 1820 (his father, Joseph Morris, 
having been a member of Congress in 
1848 and 1845), and having become a 
resident of Ohio, he was elected in 1848 
to the Legislature of that State ; and in 
1860 he was elected a Eepresentative, 
from Ohio, to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on 
Public Buildings and Grounds. In 
1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee for the District of Columbia. 

Morris, tlonathan J>. — He was 

born in Ohio, and was a Representative, 
from that State, to the Thirty-first Con- 
gress. 

Morris, JTonathan D. — He is the 

eldest son of Thomas Morris, was born in 
Ohio, and is a lawyer by profession. He 
served for twenty years as Clerk of the 
Court of Common Pleas, and of the Su- 
preme Court of Clermont County, Ohio ; 
and he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1847 to 1851. 
Now devoted to the practice of his pro- 
fession. 

Morris, tTosejiJi. — Born in Greene 
County, Pennsylvania, October 16, 1795. 
He was left an orphan at the age of ten 
years, and having been apprenticed to 
the trade of a wheelwright, he continued 
to follow the business until he was 
twenty-five years old. In 1824 he was 
elected Sherifi" of his native county. In 
1829 he removed to Ohio, and devoted 
himself to merchandizing; he was 
elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1838 
and 1834 ; he was Treasurer for Monroe 
County for one year, and, while in that 
ofiice, was elected to Congress in 1843, 



and re-elected in 1845, serving two en- 
tire terms. He died at Woodfield, 
Ohio, October 23, 1854. 

Morris, Leivis JR. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ver- 
mont, from 1797 to 1803. 

Morris, Mathias. — A Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1835 to 1839, and was much re- 
spected for his talents. He died at 
Doylestown, Pennsylvania, November 
9, 1839, aged fifty-four years'. 

3Iorris, Mobert. — He was a native 
of England, but came to the United 
States when a boy of thirteen, and set- 
tled in Philadelphia as a clerk, where 
he spent the most of his life as an influ- 
ential merchant and financier. He was 
a member of the Congress of 1776, and 
signed the Declaration of Independence. 
In 1781 he obtained the control of the 
American finances, and rendered impor- 
tant services to his adopted country. 
He was a member of the Convention 
which formed the present Constitution, 
and was chosen a United States Senator, 
serving from 1789 to 1795. Notwith- 
standing his valuable services to his 
country, he passed the latter years of his 
life in imprisonment for debt. Until 
the period of his impoverishment, his 
house had been the scene of most liberal 
hospitality. He died May 8, 1806, aged 
seventy-one years. 

Morris, Samuel W. — Born in 

1788; was for many years Judge of the 
District Court of Tioga County, Penn- 
sylvania, and was a member of the 
House of Representatives, in Congress, 
from 1837 to 1841. He died in Wells- 
borough, Pennsylvania, May 25, 1847. 

Morris, Thotnas. — He was for 

three years a member of the New York 
Assembly, from Ontario County, and a 
Representative in Congress, from 1801 
to 1803. 

Morris, Thomas. — He was born 
in Virginia, January 3, 1776, and was 
the son of a Baptist clergyman. When 
nineteen years of age he emigrated to 
the valley of the Ohio, and settled near 
the present site of Cincinnati, but' two 
years afterwards removed to the county 
of Clermont. In 1802, while engaged 
in the avocation of a day laborer, and 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



269 



withoiit an instructor, he commenced 
the study of law, adopted the profession, 
and became eminent. In 1806 he was 
elected to the Legislature of Ohio, and 
represented Clermont County, either in 
the Senate or House, for a period of 
twenty-four years, doing much to de- 
velop the resources of his adopted 
State." He was also Chief Judge of Ohio, 
and he was elected a Senator in Congress 
for the long term, from 1833 to 1839. 
He died December 7, 1844, and his Life 
and collected speeches and writings have 
been published in one volume, under the 
supervision of his son, Eev. B. F. Mor- 
ris. While in Congress he ably defended 
the freedom of the press, the freedom of 
speech, and the right of petition. Isaac 
N. and Jonathan D. Moi-ris were his 



Morrison, George W. — He was 

born in Vermont, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New Hamp- 
shire, from 1850 to 1851, and again from 
1858 to 1855. 

Morrison, John A. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1851 to 1858. 

3Iorrison, William Balls. — Was 

born in Monroe County, Illinois, Sep- 
tember 14, 1825; received a liberal edu- 
cation, and adopted the profession of 
law ; in 1852 was chosen Clerk of Mon- 
roe County, which office he resigned to 
go into the State Legislature, where he 
served three years, and was Speaker of 
the House in 1859 ; served as a private 
in the Mexican war, fighting under 
Colonel Bissell at Buena Vista ; after 
the Rebellion broke out, he organized 
the Fortj^-ninth Regiment Illinois Vo- 
lunteers, and was severely wounded at 
Fort Donelson ; and while in command 
of his regiment in the field was elected 
a Representative, from Illinois, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on the Militia. 

Morrotv, Jeremiah. — Born in 
Pennsylvania in 1770, but removed to 
the Northwest Territory, now the State 
of Ohio, in 1795, and was chosen a mem- 
ber of the Territorial Legislature in 
1800. He was the first Representative 
in Congress, from Ohio, serving from 
1803 to 1818 ; and was a Senator in Con- 



gress, from 1813 to 1819, being appoint- 
ed, in 1814, a Commissioner to treat 
with the Indians. He was Governor of 
Ohio, from 1822 to 1826; subsequently 
a Canal Commissioner ; served a second 
time as a Representative in Congress, 
from 1841 to 1848, officiating as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Public Lands ; 
and for several years before his death 
was President of the Little Miami Rail- 
road Company. He died in Ohio, March 
22, 1852. 

3Iorse, Freeman H. — He was 

born in Bath, Maine, February 18, 1807 ; 
was in the State Legislature from 1840 
to 1844, and also in 1858 and 1856 ; was 
Mayor of Bath three years ; was elected 
to Congress in 1843, serving one term ; 
and was re-elected a Representative to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Maine, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on the Cost of Public Printing, and that 
on Naval Affairs. He was also re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress. 
He was also a member of the Peace 
Congre-ss of 1861. 

Morse, Isaac E. — He was born in 
Louisiana, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1848 to 
1851. 

3Iorse, O. A. — Born in Cherry 
Valley, Otsego County, New York, 
March 26, 1815 ; graduated at Hamilton 
College, New York ; studied law, but 
has not practised of late years ; and was 
elected a Representative to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 

Morton, Jackson. — He was born 
in Virginia, and, removing to Florida, 
was a Senator in Congress, from that 
State, from 1849 to 1855. He subse- 
quently entered extensively into the 
business of manufacturing lumber in 
Florida. Served in the Rebellion as a 
member of the Confederate Congress. 

Morton, Jeremiah. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1851. 

Morton, Marcus. — He was born 
in Freetown, Massachusetts, December 
19, 1784 ; graduated at Brown Univer- 
sity in 1804 ; studied law, and devoted 
himself to politics ; in 1811 he was cho- 



270 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



sen Clerk of the Massachusetts Senate ; 
he was a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from Massachusetts, from 1817 to 1821 ; 
in 1823 was a member of the Executive 
Council of that State ; in 1824 was 
elected Lieutenant-Governor ; subse- 
quently a Judge of the Supreme Court 
of Massachusetts, from 1825 to 1840; 
and was Governor of the State from 
1840 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 

1844 ; and was Collector of Boston from 

1845 to 1849. He was also a member of 
the Constitutional Convention of 1853 ; . 
and a member of the State Legislature 
in 1858. 

Mosely, Jonatlmn Ogden, — Born 
at East Haddon, Middlesex County, 
Connecticut ; was a graduate of Yale 
College in 1780 ; and a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from his native State, from 
1805 to 1821. He subsequently -removed 
to Michigan, and died at Saginaw, in 
that State, September 9, 1889, aged 
seventy-seven years. 

Mosely, Williani A. — He gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1816 ; was a 
member of the New York Assembly in 
1885 ; of the State Senate, from 1838 to 
1841 ; and a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from 1843 to 1847. 

Mott, Gordon N. — Was born in 
Zanesville, Ohio, October 21, 1812; 
studied law, and came to the bar in 
1836 ; during the troubles in that year 
between Mexico and Texas, he served 
nine months as a volunteer in the Texan 
service ; and soon after that returned 
to Ohio, and settled in the practice of 
his profession in Miami County. He 
also served as a Captain in the war with 
Mexico, having raised the company he 
commanded, after which he again re- 
turned to his native State. In 1849 he 
emigrated to California ; in 1850 was 
elected Judge of Sutter County ; in 1851 
appointed a District Judge; in 1861 he 
was appointed, by President Lincoln, 
a Justice of the Supreme Court of Ne- 
vada Territory ; and in 1862 was elected 
a Delegate, from that Territory, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress. 

Mott, James. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Jersey, 
from 1801 to 1805. He had previously 
been Treasurer of the State, and was a 
Presidential Elector in 1809. 



Mott, Micliard. — Born in Mama- 

roneck,Westchester County, New York, 
July 21, 1804. He was educated at the 
Quaker Seminary of " Nine Partners," 
in Dutchess County, New York ; bred 
a merchant, and has resided in Toledo, 
Ohio, for twenty years ; was elected to 
the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re- 
elected to the Thirty-fifth. 

Moulton, 3Iace. — He was born in 
New Hampshire ; was Sheriff of Hills- 
boro County in 1845 ; a State Council- 
lor in 1848 and 1849 ; and was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1845 to 1847. 

Mo'iiton, Alexander. — He was a 
Senator in Congress, from Louisiana, 
from 1887 to 1842. 

Muhlenberg , Francis S. — Born 

in Eeading, Pennsylvania ; received a 
' liberal education ; was private Secretary 
to Governor Heister ; removed to Ohio ; 
served in the Legislature of that State ; 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
Ohio, during the session of 1828-9 ; and 
died in Pickaway County, Ohio, in 
1832, aged thirty-two years. 

Muhlenberg, Frederich A. — 
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; 
was Treasurer of the State ; President 
of the Convention which ratified the 
Constitution of the United States ; 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
1789 to 1797 ; and Speaker of the House 
during the Pirst and Third Congresses. 
He died at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 
June 4, 1801, aged fifty-one years. 

Muhlenberg, Henry A. — He was 

born in Eeading, Pennsylvania, and 
was Eepresentative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1853 to 1854. He died 
January 9, 1854, in the prime of life. 

Muhlenberg, Henry Augustus. 

— He was born in Lancaster, Pennsyl- 
vania, May 13, 1782. Under the in- 
struction of his father, a learned clergy- 
man of the Lutheran Church, he com- 
pleted the usual course of collegiate 
studies at an early age ; and in 1802 he 
was ordained as a Lutheran clergyman, 
and had the pastoral charge of Trinity 
Church at Eeading, in which position 
he remained until 1828, when, on ac- 
count of ill health, he resigned, and re- 
tired to a farm. In 1829 he was elected 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



271 



a Representative in Congress, serving 
until 1838, when he resigned his seat, 
having, during his term of office, been 
Chairman of several important Com- 
mittees. In 1835 he was the Democratic 
candidate for Governor, but the Whig 
party was successful. In 1837 President ' 
Van Buren tendered him a place in his 
cabinet as Secretary of the Navy, and 
also the mission to Russia, both of which 
he declined, but in 1838 he accepted the 
mission to Austria, and was recalled at 
his own request in 1841. In 1844 he 
was again a candidate for Governor, 
but he died suddenly at Reading, Au- 
gust 12, 1844, a few weeks before the 
election, leaving the reputation of an 
upright and able statesman. 

Muhlenherfj, Peter. — He was born 
at the Trappe, "Montgomery County, 
Pennsylvania, October 1, 1746. He was 
educated in Germany, and on his re- 
turn home, studied theology with his 
father. In 1772 he went to London 
with Bishop White, who was also a 
candidate for holy orders, and was or- 
dained, by the Bishop of London, as an 
Episcopal clergyman. He was for a 
few years settled over a parish in Vir- 
ginia, but at the commencement of the 
Revolution, he was urged to take a mili- 
tary command ; and he accordingly 
preached his last sermon to his par- 
ishioners, throwing off" his clerical robes, 
and appearing in the pulpit in full uni- 
form, saying ; " There is a time for all 
things, and now is the time to light;" 
read his commission as Colonel, and or- 
dered the drummers to beat for recruits ; 
his parishioners crowded to the stand- 
ard, and he had no difficulty in forming 
a regiment. His first campaigns were 
fought in Georgia and South Carolina. 
In 1777 he was promoted to the rank of 
Brigadier-General, and participated in 
the battles of Brandy wine, Germantown, 
Monmouth, and Stony Point; and in 
1780, held the chief command, when 
Leslie invaded Virginia, and was next 
in command to Lafayette when Corn- 
wallis entered Virginia. He command- 
ed the First Brigade of Light Infantry 
at Yorktown ; and when the army was 
disbanded, he received the commission 
of Major-General. After returning to 
his abode in Pennsylvania, he was elect- 
ed a member of the Supreme Executive 
Council of the State. In 1786 he was 
chosen Vice-President of the Common- 
wealth, and upon the adoption of the 



Federal Constitution, he was elected a 
Representative in Congress, serving 
from 1789 to 1791, from 1793 to 1795, 
and from 1799 to 1801. In 1797 he was 
a Presidential Elector ; and in 1801 he 
was elected United States Senator, but 
resigned in 1802, and was appointed Su- 
pervisor of the Revenue for the District 
of Pennsylvania. In 1803 he was made 
Collector of the Port of Philadelphia, 
and held this office until his death, which 
occurred October 1, 1807. 

Mullen, Joseph. — He was a native 
of Ireland, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1847 to 

1849. 

Mumford, George. — Born in Ro- 
wan County, North Carolina. He re- 
presented it in the General Assembly in 
1810 and 1811 ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1817 to 1819, having 
died in Washington before the expira- 
tion of his term, December 31, 1818. 

Muiitford, Gurdon S. — He was 

born in New York, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1805 to 1811. 

Murfree, William H, — Born in 

Hertford County, North Carolina ; gra- 
duated at Chapel Hill in 1801, and 
having studied law, was a successful 
advocate. He served in the State Legis- 
lature in 1805, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1813 to 1817. In 1825 
he emigrated to Tennessee, and soon 
after died at Nashville. 

Murphy, Charles. — He was born 
in South Carolina, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Georgia, from 
1851 to 1853. 

Murphy, Henry C. — He was born 
in Brooklyn, New York, in 1810 ; gra- 
duated at Columbia College in 1830; 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1833 ; was at one time Attorney 
for the city of Brooklyn ; was elected 
Mayor of that city in 1842 ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1843 to 1849 ; and by Presi- 
dent Buchanan was appointed Minister 
to the Hague. In his tastes he was de- 
cidedly literary, and has devoted much 
attention to the investigation of the 
early history of his native State. On 



272 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



his return from Europe, he was elected 
to the Legislature of New York. 

Murphy, <Jo7in. — He was a native 
of South Carolina ; graduated at the 
South Carolina College in 1808 ; was 
Clerk of the Senate of South Carolina ; 
Trustee of his Alma Mater ; removed 
to Alabama in 1817 ; was Governor of 
Alabama, from 1825 to 1829, and a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1833 to 1835. He died in 
Clark County Alabama, September 21, 
1841, in the fifty-sixth year of his age. 

Murray, Ambrose S. — He was 
born in New York, and was elected a 
Representative, from that State, to the 
Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con- 
gresses, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Mileage. 

Miwray, Joluu — He was born in 
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1817 to 1821. 

Mtirray, John L. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1838 to 1839. 

3Iurray, Thomas. — He was born 
in Northumberland County, Pennsyl- 
vania, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 
1823. 

Murray, William.— Hq was born 
in New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1855. 

Murray, William Vans. — He 

was born in Maryland, about the year 
1761. In 1783 he went to London, and 
entered as a student of law at the Tem- 
ple, and remained three years. On re- 
turning to his native State, he engaged 
in the practice of law, but was soon 
elected to a seat in the Legislature. In 
1791 he was elected a Representative to 
Congress, and continued in that posi- 
tion until 1797, when he declined being 
a candidate. He was appointed, by 
Washington, Minister to the Nether- 
lands ; and, in connection with Mr. 
Ellsworth and Mr. Davie, he negotia- 
ted a treaty with Prance in 1800. He 
returned to the United States in 1801, 
and died December 11, 1803. He pos- 
sessed great keenness of wit and deli- 



cacy of taste, and was distinguished for 
his eloquence, having a mind well stored 
with science and literature. 

Myers, Amos.—^om in Lancaster 
County, Pennsylvania, April 23, 1824 ; 
received a good academic education ; 
studied law and came to the bar in 1846. 
In 1847 he was appointed a District 
Attorney, and in 1862 he was elected a 
Representative, from Pennsylvania, to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as 
Chairman of the Committee on Expen- 
ditures in the Navy Department, and a 
member of the Committee on Mileage. 

Myers, Leonard. — He was born 
in Attleborough, Bucks County, Penn- 
sylvania, November 13, 1827 ; received 
a liberal education, and adopted the 
profession of law ; was Solicitor for two 
municipal districts in Philadelphia ; 
digested the ordinances for the consoli- 
dation of the city, and has translated 
several works from the French. He 
was elected, in 1862, a Representative, 
from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committees on 
Patents, and Expenditures in the Post- 
oflUce Department. 

Nabers, Benjamin D. — He was 

born in Tennessee, and, on removing to 
Mississippi, was elected a Representa- 
tive n\ Congress, from that State, from 
1851 to 1853. 

Nqudain, Arnold. — He was born 
in Delaware ; graduated at Princeton 
College in 1806, and was a Senator in 
Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 
1836. 

Way lor, Charles, — Born in the 
County of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 
October 6, 1806 ; educated a lawyer, ad- 
mitted in 1828 to the bar of Philadel- 
phia, and was there for some years ex- 
tensively engaged in practice. He re- 
presented his native district in Congress, 
from 1837 to 1841. In 1846 he raised in 
Philadelphia a company of volunteers, 
and, as their Captain, took part in the 
war with Mexico ; rendezvoused at the 
Island of Lobos, in the Gulf of Mexico ; 
landed with the invading^army at Vera 
Cruz ; was active in the operations be- 
fore that city, and in most of the en- 
gagements on General Scott's line. 
Upon the fall of the city of Mexico, 
September 14, 1847, he was appointed 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



273 



Governor of the National Palace (the 
" Halls of the Montezumas"), and 
keeper of the archives and property of 
that Republic ; and continued to hold 
that place, and to aid in the adminis- 
tration of the goA'ernment of the city, 
till the final evacuation of it by the 
American army, June 12, 1848. He 
has filled many posts of trust and honor 
in his native State, and is at present 
engaged in the practice of his profession 
in the city of Washington. 

Neal, Itaphael. — He was born in 
St. Mary's County, Maryland; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1819 to 1825^ 

Nelson, Homer A. — He was born 
in Poughkeepsie, New York, August 
31, 1829 ; adopted the profession of law. 
In 1855 he was elected Judge of Dut- 
chess County for four years, and in 1859 
was re-elected for a second term ; and in 
1862 he was elected a Representative, 
from New York, to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committees 
on Indian Afl:airs, and Unfinished Busi- 
ness. In 1857 Rutgers College, of New 
Jersey, conferred upon him the degree 
of Master of Arts, and at the time of 
his election to Congress he was Colonel 
of the One Hundred and Fifty-ninth 
regimentof New York volunteers, which 
he resigned. 

Nelson, Hugh. — He was born in 
Virginia ; and was at one time Speaker 
of the House of Delegates of Virginia ; 
a Judge of the General Court ; a mem- 
ber of Congress, from 1811 to 1823, and 
immediately afterwards appointed Ame- 
rican Minister to Spain. He died in 
Albemarle County, March 18, 1836. 

Nelson, Jeremiah. — He was born 
in Rowley, Essex County, Massachu- 
setts, in 1768; graduated at Dartmouth 
College in 1790; settled in Newbury- 
port, Massachusetts, as a merchant ; 
served as a Representative in Congress, 
from Massachusetts, from 1805 to 1807, 
and again from 1815 to 1823 ; and died 
at Newburyport, October 2, 1838. 

Nelson, John. — He was born in 
Frederick, Maryland ; was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1821 to 1823; in 1831 was appointed 
Charg6 d'Affaires to the Two Sicilies ; 
and in 1844 was Attorney-General of 



the United States under President Ty- 
ler. 

Nelson, Roger. — He was a General 
in the Revolutionary war ; and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1804 to 1810, and died at 
Fredericktown, June 7, 1815, at an ad- 
vanced age. 

Nelson, Thomas A. R. — He was 

born in Tennessee ; was bred a lawyer, 
and served as a Representative, from 
that State, in the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. He was re-elected to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, but was prevented 
from taking his seat by the forcible ac- 
tion of the Rebel Government. 

Nelson, Thomas M. — He was born 
in Virginia in 1782; served with dis- 
tinction in the war of 1812, as a Captain 
of infantry ; after the war he was pro- 
moted to the rank of Major, but re- 
signed his commission ; was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from his native 
State, from 1816 to 1819, when he de- 
clined a re-election and retired to pri- 
vate life. He died November 10, 1853. 

Nelson, William. — Born in Clin- 
ton, Dutchess County, New York, June 
29,' 1784; he received an academical 
education ; studied law and was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1807 ; was District 
Attorney for the counties of Westches- 
ter, Putnam, and Rockland, for a period 
of thirty years ; was a member of the 
Assembly of New York in 1819 and 
1820 ; and a State Senator in 1823 ; and 
he was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1847 to 1851. 
He is at the present time a resident of 
Peekskill. 

Nes^ Henri/. — Born in York, Penn- 
sylvania, in 1799, and was educated a 
physician. He was frequently called 
to fill places of trust and responsibility 
in his native town, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1843 to 
1845, and again, from 1846 to 1850. 
He was retiring in his habits, but had 
many devoted friends. He died Sep- 
tember 10, 1850. 

Nesbitt, Wilson. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1817 to 1819. 

Nesmith, James W. — Was born 



274 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



in Washington County, Maine, July 
23, 1820 ; when quite young removed to 
New Hampshire, and in 1838 emigrated 
to Ohio ; subsequently spent some time 
in Missouri ; and in 1843 emigrated to 
Oregon. In 1848 and 1853 he com- 
manded, as a Captain, two expeditions 
against the Indians ; in 1853 he was ap- 
pointed United States Marshal for Ore- 
gon, which he resigned in 1855, and 
had the command of a regiment ; in 
1857 he was appointed Superintendent 
of Indian Affairs for Oregon and Wash- 
ington Territories ; and was elected 
a Senator in Congress, from Oregon, 
for the full term, beginning in 1861, 
serving on the Committees on Military 
Alfairs, and Indian Affairs. 

Nevell, Joseph. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1793 to 1795. Died March 4, 
1819. 

New, Anthony. — He was born in 
Gloucester County, Virginia, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1793 to 1805 ; and on taking 
up his residence in Kentucky, was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1811 to 1813, from 
1817 to 1818, and from 1821 to 1823. 

Wewboldf Thomas. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1807 to 1813; after which 
he served in the Legislature of that 
State. Died in Burlington County, of 
apoplexy, in December, 1823. 

Newell, William A.. — He was born 
in Ohio ; graduated at Rutgers College ; 
was educated for the medical profession, 
and on taking up his residence in New 
Jersey, was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from 1847 to 1851. In 1856 
was elected Governor of New Jersey 
for the term ending in 1860 ; and was a 
Delegate to the Baltimore Convention 
of 1864. 

Netvhard, Peter. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1839 to 1843. 

Newman, Daniel. — He served as 
a soldier in the early Indian wars in 
Georgia, held many high positions in 
the State, and was a member of Con- 



gress, from 1881 to 1833. He died in 
Walker County, Georgia. 

Newton, Eben. — Born in Goshen, 
Litchfield County, Connecticut, Octo- 
ber 16, 1795; his early education was 
limited, having been obtained while 
working on a farm ; his first earnings, 
off the farm, were obtained from teach- 
ing school in the winter ; in 1814 he emi- 
grated to Portage County, Ohio, and 
turned his attention to farming exclu- 
sively ; he stvTdied law, and in 1823 was 
admitted to the bar, and became the 
partner of Elisha Whittlesey, at Can- 
field, Ohio. In 1842 he was elected a 
member of the Ohio Senate ; was soon 
afterwards elected President Judge of 
the Third Circuit ; and was elected a 
Representative in Congress, for the term 
from 1851 to 1853, but before taking 
his seat visited Europe. In 1856 he 
was elected President of the Ashtabula 
and New Lisbon Railroad Company, 
in which position he remained until 
1859, when he declined a re-election. 
He has of late years devoted himself to 
the pursuits of agriculture, in which he 
is eminently successful. 

Newton, Thomas. — Born in Nor- 
folk, Virginia, in 1769; was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1801 to 1829, and again from 1831 
to 1833. He served for many years as 
Chairman of the Committee on Com- 
merce and Manufactures. He died in 
Norfolk, Virginia, August 5, 1847. 

Newton, Thomas W. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ar- 
kansas, from 1845 to 1846. 

Newton, Willoughby. — He was 

born in Virginia, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1843 to 1845. 

Niblaek, William E. — Born in 
Dubois County, Indiana, May 19, 1822. 
He studied law and was admitted to 
practice in 1843 ; during that year he 
was appointed County Surveyor ; in 
1849 he was elected to the State Legis- 
lature, where he served until 1852 ; in 
1854 he was appointed a Circuit Judge, 
and subsequently elected for six years. 
He was elected a Representative in the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, from Indiana, 
serving on the Committee on Mileage, 
and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



275 



gress, serving on the Committee on 
Patents. He was also a Delegate to the 
Chicago Convention of 18G4. 

Nicholas, John. — Ho was a Ke- 

presentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1793 to 1801. He subsequently 
removed to Geneva, Ontario County, 
New York, whence he was elected to 
the State Senate, from 1806 to 1809. 
Died May 27, 1821. 

Nicholas, JR. C. — He was born in 
Virginia, and appointed Captain of in- 
fantry in 1812, serving in ditferent 
grades until the reduction of the army 
in 1815. Settling in Louisiana, he was 
elected to the United States Senate, 
serving from 1835 to 1841, and in 1851 
was appointed State Superintendent of 
Public Schools. 

Nicholas, Wilson €. — A Governor 
of Virginia ; an officer in the war of the 
Revolution, and a member of the Con- 
vention which ratified the Constitu- 
tion of the United States. He was a 
distinguished member of the National 
House of Representatives, from 1807 to 
1809, and of the Senate of the United 
States, from 1799 to 1804, and ably 
supported the measures of President 
Jefferson's administration. In 1804 he 
resigned his seat in the Senate, and ac- 
cepted the office of Collector of the ports 
of Norfolk and Portsmouth. He was 
afterwards a member of the House ; but 
he resigned his seat in 1809. In 1814 
he was Governor, and remained in office 
until 1817. He died at Milton, Octo- 
ber 10, 1820. 

Nichols, Matthias JJT.— Born in 
Salem County, New Jersey, October 3, 
1824. His education was acquired in a 
printing-office and by the aid of friends, 
who instructed him after the ordinary 
hours of labor. He studied law, and in 
1849 was licensed to practice in Au- 
glaize County, Ohio. He was Prosecut- 
ing Attorney for Allen County ; re- 
signed the office in 1852 to become a 
candidate for Congress, and was elected 
a Representative to the Thirty-third, 
Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-fifth Con- 
gresses, and was a member of the Joint 
Committee on Printing. 

Nicholson, A. O. P. — He was born 
in Williamson County, Tennessee, Au- 



gust 31, 1808 ; graduated at Chapel Hill 
University, North Carolina, in 1827; 
settled in Tennessee as a lawyer ; was a 
meniber of the Tennessee Legislature 
from 1833 to 1839 ; was a Senator in 
Congress, from that State, from 1840 to 
1842; was a member of the Tennessee 
Senate from 1843 to 1845 ; was Chancel- 
lor of the middle division of the State 
in 1845 ; was President of the Bank of 
Tennessee in 1846 and 1847 ; was elected 
Printer of the House of Representatives, 
by the Thirty-third Congress, and Print- 
er of the vSenate, by the Thirty-fourth 
Congress ; and from 1853 to 1856 he was 
editor of the Washington Daily Union. 
He was elected a Senator in Congress, 
from Tennessee, for the term com- 
mencing in 1859 and ending in 1865, 
but was expelled in July, 1861. 

Nicholson, tTohn, — He was a mem- 
ber for several years of the New York 
Assembly, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1809 to 1811. 
Died January, 1820, aged fifty-five 
years. 

Nicholson, fToseph Hopper. — A 

native of Maryland ; received a good 
education, and was a lawyer by profes- 
sion. In 1805 he was appointed Chief 
Judge of the Sixth Judicial District, 
and was also a Judge of the Court of 
Appeals of Maryland. From 1799 to 
1806 he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, and died March 4, 1817, aged 
forty-seven years. 

Nicoll, Henry. — Born in the city 

of New York, October 23, 1812; gra- 
duated at Columbia College in 1830; 
studied law, and has practised with suc- 
cess ; was a member of the New York 
Constitutional Convention in 1846 ; and 
a Repr, -entative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1847 to 1849. 

Niles, John 31. — He was born in 
Windsor, Connecticut, in 1787, and was 
bred to the bar^and went to Hartford 
in 1816 to practise law. In 1817 he was 
there concerned in publishing the Times, 
which he edited for a time. In 1820 he 
was a commissioned Judge of the County 
Court. He was appointed Postmaster 
at Hartford, by President Jackson, and 
held the office until made a Senator in 
Congress, in 1835, in which position he 
remained until 1839. In 1840 he was 
appointed Postmaster-General by Pre- 



276 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



sident Van Buren. In 1842 he was again 
elected to the United States Seiiate, 
served six years, retired to private life, 
and died May 31, 1856. He was fond 
of literary pursuits, and his contribu- 
tions to the periodical press were abun- 
dant. He edited a Gazetteer of Con- 
necticut and Rhode Island, and wrote a 
History of South America. In his will 
he gave $20,000 for the benefit of the 
poor of Hartford, and bequeathed his 
library to the Historical Society of Con- 
necticut. 

Niles, WatJianiel. — He was horn 
in South Kingston, Rhode Island, in 
1741 ; graduated at Princeton College 
in 1766 ; was a student of law, medicine, 
and theology ; was the inventor of mak- 
ing wire from bar iron, by water power, 
and erected at Norwich, Connecticut, a 
woollen card manufactory ; he was a 
member of the Vermont Legislature, 
and Speaker of the House ; a Judge of 
the Supreme Court of that State ; was 
six times a Presidential Elector ; and a 
Representative in Congress, from Ver- 
mont, from 1791 to 1795. He wrote 
poetry and many sermons, and preached 
in his own house twelve years. He died 
at West Fairlee, Vermont, in Novem- 
ber, 1828. 

Nisbet, E. A.. — He was born in 
Georgia ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 
1842. 

Niven, Archibald C. — He was 
born in New York ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1845 to 1847. 

Nixon, John I. — Born in Cum- 
berland County, New Jersey, in 1820 ; 
graduated at Princeton College i a 1841 ; 
studied law, and came to the bar in 1845; 
served in the New Jersey Legislature, 
from 1848 to 1850, during the last year 
as Speaker ; and was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from New . Jersey, to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Commerce. 
Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on 
Commerce. 

Noble, David A. — He was born 
in Massachusetts ; liberally educated ; 
adopted the profession of law ; and on 
removing to Michigan, was elected a 



Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1853 to 1855. 

Noble, James. — He was a Senator 
in Congress, from Indiana, from 1816 
to 1831, having died in Washington, 
February 26, of the latter year. He was 
a native of Battletown, Clark County, 
Virginia, but removed when a youth to 
Kentucky, and subsequently to Indiana. 
He was a self-educated man, and very 
influential in his adopted State. 

Noble, Warren P. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, June 14, 1821 ; received 
a good English education in the State of 
Ohio ; studied law, and has practised 
ever since his admission to the bar ; was 
elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1856, 
serving two terms, and in 1860 was 
elected a Representative, from Ohio, to 
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Patents ; re-elected 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
on the same Committee. 

Noble, William H. — He was born 
in New York ; served three years in 
the Assembly of that State, frohi Cayuga 
County ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 1837 
to 1839. 

Nodi, John W. — Born in Brad- 
ford County, Virginia, February 15, 
1816; emigrated to Missouri with his 
parents in 1832 ; received .a liberal edu- 
cation ; adopted the profession of law ; 
from 1841 to 1850 he was Clerk of the 
Circuit Court of Perry County, Mis- 
souri ; served four years in the State 
Senate of Missouri ; and in 1858 he was 
elected a Representative, from Missouri, 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as 
a member of the Committee on Ex- 
penses of the Public Buildings. Re- 
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Claims. He was also re-elected to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, but died in 
Washington, March 14, 1863. 

Norris, Mioses. — Born in Pittsfield, 
New Hampshire, in 1799; graduated at 
Dartmouth College in 1828 ; studied 
law, and devoted himself successfully to 
the practice ; in 1839 he was elected to 
the State Legislature, and in 1840 was 
elected Speaker of the House ; in 1841 
he was elected a member of the State 
Council ; and in 1844 he was elected a 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



277 



Representative in Congress, where he 
continued four years. In 1847 he was 
again a member of the Legislature, and 
Speaker ; and while serving in that ca- 
pacity he was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress, serving from 1849 to 1855; and 
he died at Washington, January 11, 
1855. 

Noyth, William. — He was aid to 
Baron Steuben, in the Revolutionary 
war, and afterwards appointed Adju- 
tant-General. He was a Senator in 
Congress, by appointment, from New 
York, in 1798; died at New York, 
January 4, 1836, aged eighty-three 
years ; and was buried at Duanesburg. 

Norton, Ebenezer F. — He was 

born in New York ; served in the State 
Assembl}^, from Erie County, in 1823 ; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1829 to 1831. 

Norton, Elijah H. — Was born in 
Logan County, Kentucky, November 
24, 1821 ; received a liberal classical 
education, graduating at the Transyl- 
vania Law School in 1841 ; removed to 
Missouri in 1845 ; practised law until 
1852, when he was chosen a Judge of 
the Circuit Court of Missouri ; re-elected 
to the same position in 1857 ; and after 
resigning the judgeship, in 1800 he was 
elected a Representative, from Missouri, 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
on the Committee on Post-offices and 
Post-roads. 

Korton, Jesse O. — Was born in 
Vermont ; graduated at Williams Col- 
lege, Massachusetts ; emigrated to Illi- 
nois in 1839 ; studied law. and came to 
the bar of Illinois in 1840 ; was a mem- 
ber, in 1847, of the State Constitutional 
Convention ; was a member of the State 
Legislature in 1851 and 1852; was elected 
a Representative, from Illinois, to the 
Thirtj'-third and Thirty-fourth Con- 
gresses, serving on the Committees on 
Post-oiRces and Post-roads ; in 1857 was 
elected Judge of the Eleventh Judicial 
District of Illinois, holding the office 
until 18G2 ; and in 1863 was re-elected 
a Representative to Congress, serving 
on the Committees on Post-offices and 
Post-roads, and Revolutionary Pensions. 

Norvell, John, — He was bred a 
printer ; was for a time the editor of a 
newspaper in Philadelphia ; was ap- 



pointed, by President Jackson, Post- 
master of Detroit, in Michigan ; and 
having become identified with the Ter- 
ritory of Michigan, became one of the 
Senators in Congress, from the new 
State, having served in that capacity . 
from 1835 to 1841. He died of apoplexy, 
in April, 1850. 

Nott, Abt^uham. — He graduated 
at Yale College in 1787 ; was Judge of 
the Supreme Court of South Carolina, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1799 to 1801. 
Died June 19, 1830. 

Noiirse, Amos. — He graduated at 
Harvard, in 1812; studied medicine; 
was a Medical Lecturer at Bowdoin Col- 
lege from 1846 to 1854, and Medical Pro- 
fessor since 1854. He was also Post- 
master at Hallo well, and Collector of 
Customs at Bath, and a Senator in Con- 
gress, from January to March in 1857. 

Noyes, John. — He was a graduate 
of Dartmouth College in 1795 ; was sub- 
sequently a tutor in that institution ; and 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Vermont, from 1815 to 1817. 
He died in 1841, aged seventy-eight 
years. 

Noyes, Josejth C — He was born in 
Portland, in 1800; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Maine, from 
1837 to 1839, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Agriculture. He was a 
merchant by occupation ; a member of 
the State Legislature in 1833; and Col- 
lector of the Passamaquoddy District 
from 1841 to 1843. 

Nnekolls, Willi am C — He was 

born in South Carolina ; graduated at 
the University of that State in 1820 ; 
adopted the profession of law ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
South Carolina, from 1827 to 1833. 

Nxigen, Hobert H. — He was born 
in Washington County, Pennsj^lvania, 
in 1809 ; with his parents removed to 
Columbiana County, Ohio, in 1811; set- 
tled in Tuscarawas County in 1828; and 
in 1860 was elected a Representative, 
from Ohio, to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on 
Roads and Canals. Declined a re-elec- 
tion. 



278 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Oakley, TJiom.as tJackson.— Bom 
in Dutchess County, New York, in 1783 ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1801 ; stu- 
died law, and entered on the practice at 
Poughkeepsie, New York. In 1810 he 
was appointed Surrogate of Dutchess 
County, and in 1813 was elected a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, where he con- 
tinued until 1815, when he resumed 
his profession, and was elected a mem- 
ber of the Assembly. He was appoint- 
ed Attorney-General of the State of 
New York in 1819 ; in 1820 again served 
in the Assembly, and in 1827 he was 
again elected to Congress. In 1828, 
when the Superior Court of New York 
City was organized, he was appointed 
one of its Judges; and on the reorgani- 
zation of the Court, under the Constitu- 
tion of 1846, he was elected the Chief 
Justice, and continued in that position 
until his death, which occurred in New 
York City, May 11, 1857. The duties 
of the various stations to which he was 
called he discharged with fidelity and 
marked ability. 

O'JBrien, J'eremiah. — Born at 
Machias, Maine, in 1768, and died at 
Boston, May 30, 1858. He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Maine, 
from 1828 to 1831. Early in life, and 
after the separation of Maine from Mas- 
sachusetts, he was for six years in tlie 
Legislature of the State. His educa- 
tional advantages were limited, but he 
was a man of sound sense and solid judg- 
ment. He was both a farmer and a mer- 
chant. 

Odellj Moses i^.— Born in Tarry- 
town, Westchester County, New York, 
February 24, 1818 ; received a common 
school education ; from a clerk he rose 
to the position of Assistant Collector of 
New York City, under President Polk ; 
under President Buchanan he held the 
post of Public Appraiser, and he was 
elected a Eepresentative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on the Treasury Department, and mem- 
ber of that on Indian Aifairs ; re-elected 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
on the Committee on Military Atfairs. 

Ogdefif Aaron. — He was born in 
Elizabethtown, New Jersey, December 
3, 1756 ; graduated at Nassau Hall in 
1773 ; taught school for a time ; served 
as an officer in the army, during the 



whole Eevolutionary war ; had a horse 
shot from under him at the battle of 
Springfield, New Jersey ; participated 
in the vSullivan campaign against the 
Indians ; and for his services at York- 
town was complimented by Washing- 
ton ; after the war he pursued the legal 
profession with distinction ; was a Pre- 
sidential Elector in 1800 ; was a Senator 
in Congress, from 1801 to 1803 ; was 
Governor of New Jersey in 1812; and 
at the time of his death was President- 
General of the Society of Cincinnati. 
He died at Jersey City, April 19, 1839. 
During the war of 1812, President Ma- 
dison offered him a commission as Ma- 
jor-General in the Army of the United 
States, which honor he declined, prefer- 
ring to continue, as he had been, com- 
mander-in-chief of the militia of his own 
State. 

Ogden, David A. — He was born 

in Morristown, New Jersey ; studied 
law, and took up his residence in St. 
Lawrence County, New York, in 1812; 
was a member of the Assembly in 1814 
and 1815 ; and a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1817 to 1819. He died at 
Montreal, Canada, June 9, 1829. 

Ogle, Alexander. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from 1817 to 
1819, and died in Somerset, Pennsylva- 
nia, October 14, 1852. 

Ogle, Andretv J, — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1851. 

Ogle, Charles. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1837 to 1841, also a General of 
militia ; and died at Somerset, May 10, 
1841. 

Olcott, Simeon. — He was born in 
1737 ; graduated at Yale College in 
1761; studied law, and settled in the 
practice at Charlestown, New Hamp- 
shire ; he was appointed, in 1784, Chief 
Justice of the Court of Common Pleas 
in 1790 a Judge of the Superior Court 
Chief Judge of the same Court in 1795 
and was a Senator in Congress, from 
New Hampshire, from 1801 to 1805. 
He died in New Hampshire in 1815. 

Olds, Edson S. — He was born in 
Vermont, and was a Eepresentative in 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



279 



Congress, from Ohio, from 1849 to 1855. 
In 1862 he was for a short time impri- 
soned in Fort Lafayette for supposed 
disloyalty, and while there confined, he 
was elected a member of the Assembly 
of Ohio, having previously served six 
years in the State Legislature, and been 
Speaker of the Senate. 

Olin, Abrahuni JB. — He was born 
in Shaftsbury, BenningtonCounty, Ver- 
mont in 1812; graduated at Williams 
College, Massachusetts, in 1835 ; com- 
menced the practice of law at Troy, 
New York, in 1838; was for three j'ears 
Recorder of the City of Troy ; and was 
elected a Representative to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, from New York, serving 
as a member of the Committee on Ex- 
penditures on the Public Buildings. 
He was also re-elected to the Thirty- 
siath Congress, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Military Affairs. Re- 
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress 
also. His father, Gideon Olin, was in 
Congress, from Vermont, during the 
administration of President Jefferson. 

Olin, Gideon. — He was born in 
Rhode Island, and removing to Ver- 
mont, became one of its founders. He 
was a member of the State Legislature, 
and Speaker of the House, a Judge of 
the County Court, and a Representative 
in Congress, from 1808 to 1807. He died 
at Shaftsbury, Vermont, in 1822. 

Olin, Henry. — His boyhood was 
spent in Addison County, Vermont ; he 
was elected to the General Assembly of 
that State in 1799, and, excepting four 
years, continued to serve in that capa- 
city until 1825 ; he was also a member 
of the State Constitutional Convention 
of 1814, 1822, and .1828; was an Asso- 
ciate Judi^e of Addison County, from 
1801 to 1806 ; Chief Judge of said court 
in 1807, and from 1810 to 1824; and he 
was chosen a Representative in Con- 
gress, to fill a vacancy, in 1824, and 
served through the term, ending in 
1825. He died at Salisbury, Vermont, 
in 1887, aged seventy years. 

Oliver, Andrew. — Born at Spring- 
field, Otsego County, New York. Soon 
after his birth, in 1819, his parents re- 
moved to Pen Yan, in Yates County. 
He received a classical education, and 
graduated at Union College in 1835 ; he 
studied law, and was admitted to the 



bar in 1838, and entered upon a success- 
ful practice. He was appointed to suc- 
ceed his father as First Judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas in 1843, which 
position he held till the adoption of the 
new State Constitution. In 1846 he 
was elected Judge of the Surrogate and 
County Courts. In 1852 he was elected 
a Representative in the Thirty-third 
Congress, and was re-elected to the 
Thirty-fourth. Since that time he has 
been devoted to the practice of his pro- 
fession. 

Oliver, IMordecai. — Born in An- 
derson County, Kentucky, October 22, 
1819, and emigrated to Missouri in 1882. 
He received as good an education as that 
country afforded, and entered upon the 
study of law at the age of nineteen, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1842. He 
was elected Circuit Attorney for the 
Fifth Judicial Circuit of Missouri in 
1848; and in 1852 was elected a member 
of the Thirty-third Congress, and re- 
elected to the Thirty-fourth. Upon re- 
tiring from Congress, he resumed the 
duties of his profession in Richmond, 
Missouri. 

Oliver, William 31. — He was a 

native of Springfield, Otsego County, 
New York ; was a lawyer by profession, 
and for a long time the First Judge of 
the Court of Common Pleas. He was 
State Senator and Lieutenant-Gover- 
nor, and a Representative, of New York, 
in the Twenty-seventh Congress. 

O'Neill, Charles.— Born in Phila- 
delphia, March 21, 1821 ; graduated at 
Dickinson College in 1840; studied law, 
and came to the bar in 1843 ; in 1850, 
1851, and 1852 he was elected to the 
State Legislature, and in 1853 to the 
State Senate ; re-elected to the Legisla- 
ture in 1859 ; and in 1862 elected a Re- 
presentative, from Pennsylvania, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Commerce. 

O'Neill, John. — Was born in Phi- 
ladelphia, December 17, 1821. In 1827 
his father settled in Frederick City, 
Maryland, and at St. John's College, in 
that place, he received his education ; 
studied law, and came to the bar of Ma- 
ryland in 1842 ; in 1844 he removed to 
Ohio, and there practised his profession 
in the Supreme Court ; in 1855 he was 
elected Prosecuting Attorney for Musk- 



280 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



ingum County ; and in 1862 he was 
elected a Representative, from Ohio, to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Private Land Claims. 

Ornu^by, Stephen. — He was a 
Judge of the Circuit Court of Kentucky, 
a Representative in Congress, from 1811 
to 1817, lived to an advanced age, and 
died in Kentucky. He was defeated in 
1813, but his successful competitor, John 
Simpson, having been killed at the bat- 
tle of River Raisin, he was re-elected 
before the opening of Congress. 

Orr, Alexander D. — He was a 
Representative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1792 to 1797, and died at 
Paris, in that State, June 21, 1835, aged 
seventy years. 

Orr, Benjamin. — A native of 
Bedford, New Hampshire ; graduated 
at Dartmouth College in 1798, and set- 
tled as a lawyer in Brunswick, Maine, 
attaining a high rank in his profession. 
He was a Representative in Congress, 
from Massachusetts, from 1817 to 1819, 
and died at Brunswick in 1828, aged 
fifty years. 

Orr, J'anies L. — He was born at 
Craytonville, South Carolina, May 12, 
1822; received his education chiefly in 
the University of Virginia ; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1843. In 1844 he was elected to the 
State Legislature ; re-elected in 1845 ; 
and in 1848 he was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from South Caro- 
lina, to which position he was subse- 
quently re-elected. During the Thirty- 
second Congress he was frequently 
Chairman of the Committee of the 
Whole on the State of the Union, and 
during the next Congress was Chairman 
of the Committee on Indian Affairs ; 
and on the assembling of the -Thirty- 
fifth Congress, he was elected Speaker. 
In December, 1860, he was appointed 
one of the Commissioners to visit Wash- 
ington in behalf of South Carolina. 

Orr, Mobert. — He was born in 
Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1825 to 1829. 

Orth, Goodlove S. — Bom near 

Lebanon, Pennsylvania, April 22, 1817; 
was educated chiefly at the Pennsylva- 



nia College, Gettysburg ; studied law, 
and came to the bar in 1839, locating in 
Indiana. In 1848 and 1846 he was 
elected to the State Senate, serving six 
years in all, and one year as President 
of that body ; was a Presidential Elector 
in 1848 ; was a member of the Peace 
Congress of 1861 ; rendered some service 
in 1861 as Captain of the United States 
Ram Horner ; and in 1862 he was elected 
a Representative, from Indiana, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Foreign AflFairs. 

Osborne, Thomas B. — He was 

born in Connecticut, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
frorn 1839 to 1843. 

Osgood, Gayton P. — He gradu- 
ated at Harvard University in 1815 ; 
served in the Massachusetts Legislature 
in 1829 and 1831 ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1833 to 1835. 

Otero, 3Iiguel A. — He was born 
at Valencia, New Mexico, June 21, 
1829 ; was educated at the St. Louis 
University, in Missouri ; studied law, 
and was admitted to practice in Mis- 
souri in 1852 ; returning to New Mexi- 
co, he was elected to the Territorial 
Legislature ; was appointed, by Presi- 
dent Pierce, United States District At- 
torney for the Territory, but declined 
to serve ; held the office for a time of 
Attorney-General for the Territory ; 
and in 1855 he was elected a Delegate 
to Congress, from New Mexico. 

Otis, Han^ison Gray. — He was 

born in Boston, Massachusetts, October 
8, 1765, and died at Boston, October 28, 
1848. His father, Samuel A. Otis, was 
the first Secretary of the Senate of the 
United States, which oflice he held for 
twentj'-five years. Harrison Gray gra- 
duated at Harvard University in 1783, 
and soon became a successful practi- 
tioner at the bar. He was for many 
years an active and leading member of 
the State Legislature, serving as Speaker 
and President of the Senate. He was 
chosen a Representative in Congress, 
for the Suffolk District, in 1797, and 
served through President Adams's ad- 
ministration ; and in 1817 he was chosen 
a Senator in Congress, where he re- 
mained for five years. He was also 
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



281 



and Mayor of Boston, for whose pros- 
perity he accomplished much good ; dis- 
playing, in all his public stations, great 
ability, and the utmost fidelity to the 
public interests. He was also appointed, 
by President Adams, United States 
District Attorney for Massachusetts. 
He was distinguished for his scholarly 
acquirements, and for his eloquence as 
an orator. 

Otis, tTolin. — He was born in Maine 
in 1801 ; graduated at Bowdoin College 
in 1823 ; adopted the profession of law ; 
served five years in the Maine Legisla- 
ture ; was a Commissioner for settling 
the Northeastern Boundary ; and was 
a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
Maine, from 1849 to 1851, and died Oc- 
tober 17, 1856. 

Outlaw, David. — Born in Bertie 
County, North Carolina, and graduated 
at the University of that State in 1824. 
He read law at Newbern, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1827. He served 
three years in the House of Commons ; 
was elected Solicitor of Edenton Dis- 
trict in 1836 ; and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from 1847 to 1853. 

Outlaw, George S. — He was born 
in Bertie County, North Carolina ; was 
a member of the House of Commons in 
1796, in the State Senate a number of 
years thereafter, and a Kepresentative 
in Congress, during the years 1824 and 
1825. Died August 15, 1835. 

Overstreet, tTames, — He was a 

native of Barnwell District, South Caro- 
lina, and a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1819 to 1822. 
Died in 1822. 

Overton, Walter M. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Loui- 
siana, from 1829 to 1831. 

Owen, Allen F. — He was born in 
North Carolina, and having removed 
to Georgia, was elected a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from 1849 to 1851. 

Owen, George W, — Born in Bruns- 
wick County, Virginia, in 1798; was 
Speaker of the House of Representatives 
in Alabama ; Mayor of Mobile ; and 
a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1828 to 1829, when he was 



19 



appointed Collector of the port of Mo- 
bile. He died August 18, 1839, at Mo- 
bile, Alabama. 

Oiven, rTames. — Born in Bladen 
County, North Carolina, in December, 
1784. He was well educated, and adopted 
the occupation of a planter. He was a 
General of militia, four years a member 
of the Legislature, and a Representative 
in Congress, from 1817 to 1819. 

Owen, Robert Dale. — He was 

born in Scotland ; was a Representative 
in Congress, from Indiana, from 1843 
to 1847. He was one of the first Re- 
gents of the Smithsonian Institution, 
and took a prominent part in its organi- 
zation ; and was appointed Minister- 
Resident at Naples. He wrote a work 
entitled "Footfalls on the Boundary of 
another World." 

Owens, George W. — A prominent 
member of the Georgia bar, and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1835 to 1839. Died at Sa- 
vannah in 1856. 

Owsley, Bryan Y. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1841 
to 1843. 

Packer, Asa. — He was born in 
Connecticut, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1853 to 1857. 

Page, John. — He was one of the 

first Representatives in Congress, from 
Virginia, under the present Constitu- 
tion, serving from 1789 to 1797. In 
1800 he was chosen one of the Electors 
for President, and from 1802 to 1805 
was Governor of Virginia. He pub- 
lished addresses to the people in 1796 
and 1799. He died at Richmond, Vir- 
ginia, October 11, 1804, aged sixty-four 
years. 

Page, tTohn. — He was a Senator in 

Congress, from New Hampshire, during 
the years 1836 and 1837 ; Governor of 
the State from 1839 to 1842; a State 
Councillor in 1888 ; and for some years 
Register of Deeds for Grafton County, 
New Hampshire. 

Page, Robert, — He was a Repre- 



282 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1799 to 1801. 

Page, Sher^nan. — He was born in 
Connecticut, served in the Assembly of 
New York, from Otsego County, in 
1827, and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1833 to 
1837. 

Faine, Elijah. — Born in Brook- 
lyn, Connecticut, January 21, 1757, and 
graduated at Harvard College in 1781.. 
He was the first President of the Phi 
Beta Kappa Society of Harvard, and 
pronounced the first oration before the 
same. He was a lawyer by profession ; 
and having settled in Vermont, was 
one of the most useful pioneers of the 
new State, following the practice of his 
profession, and the employments of far- 
mer, road-maker, and cloth manufac- 
turer. In 1786 he was a member of 
the Convention called to revise the 
State Constitution, and of which he was 
Secretary. In 1787 he was elected to 
the State Legislature, and so continued 
until 1791, when he was appointed Judge 
of the Supreme Court. He was one of 
the Commissioners to settle the contro- 
versy between Vermont and New York 
in 1789 ; was a Trustee of Dartmouth 
College ; Presidentof the Vermont Colo- 
nization Society ; a pecuniary benefactor 
to the University of Vermont ; received 
from Harvard College the degree of 
LL.D., and was elected a Fellow of the 
American Academy of Arts and Scien- 
ces, and an honorary member of several 
other literary institutions. He was a 
Senator in Congress, from Vermont, 
from 1795 to 1801. In 1801 he was ap- 
pointed, by President, Adams, Judge of 
the District Court of Vermont, which 
office he held till within a month of his 
death, when he resigned. He died at 
"Williamstown, Vermont, April 21, 1842. 

Paine, Robert T. — He was born 
in North Carolina, and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1855 to 1857. 

Falen, Mufus. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1839 
to 1841. 

Palfrey, JTohn 6?.— Born in Bos- 
ton, May 2, 1795. He was prepared for 
college at Exeter Academy, and gradu- 



ated at Harvard in 1815 ; he studied 
theology, and was ordained a Unitarian 
preacher in 1818 ; he was subsequently, 
for a number of years, editor of the 
North American Eeview; delivered a 
course of lectures before the Lowell In- 
stitute ; during the years 1842 and 1843, 
he was a member of the General Court ; 
was elected Secretary of the Common- 
wealth of Massachusetts ; and he was. a 
member of Congress, from 1847 to 1849. 
His published writings are numerous, 
chiefly of a theological and political 
character. His last work is a History 
of New England. 

Palmer, Beriah. — Born in New 
York ; served four years in the Assem- 
bly of New York, from Saratoga County ; 
and was a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from 1803 to 1805. 

Palmer, George W. — Born in 

Hoosick, Eensselaer County, New York, 
January 13, 1818 ; received a common 
school education; adopted the profes- 
sion of law ; was Surrogate of Clinton 
County from 1843 to 1847 ; and a Ee- 
presentative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
from New York, serving as a member 
of the Committee on Expenditures in 
the Post-office Department. He was 
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Public Expenditures. He was also 
a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention 
of 1864. 

Palmer, John. — He was born in 
Hoosick, Eensselaer County, New York, 
in 1785; received a good education, 
and studied law, and having settled in 
Plattsburg, Clinton County, in 1810, 
formed a law partnership with Chan- 
cellor Walworth, which continued until 
1820. He was elected a Eepresentative 
to Congress, in 1817, but before the ex- 
piration of his term, he was chosen 
District Attorney for Clinton County, 
in which capacity he served until 1831, 
and during that year he wa£ naade the 
first Judge of said county, and held 
the office until 1836. He was again 
elected to Congress in 1837, and served 
one term. He died of consumption, at 
St. Bartholomew, West Indies, Decem- 
ber 8, 1840. 

Palmer, William A. — He was a 

Senator in Congress, from Vermont, 
from 1818 to 1825. He was also a mem- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



283 



ber of the Vermont Legislature for six 
years ; Judge of the Supreme Court in 
1816 ; Governor of Vermont from 1831 
to 1835 ; member of the Constitutional 
Conventions of 1828 and 1836 ; Judge of 
Probate and of the County Court ; two 
years a State Senator ; and for eight 
years Clerk of the Courts. Died at 
Danville, Vermont, at an advanced age, 
in December, 1860. 

Parish, Isaac. — He was born in 
Ohio, and was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1839 to 
1841, and again from 1845 to 1847. 

Parke, Benjamin. — He was a na- 
tive of New Jersey, and was born in 
1777 ; he was one of the early pioneers 
to the Western territory, and settled in 
that portion which now forms the State 
of Indiana, in 1800. From 1805 to 
1808 he was a Delegate in Congress, 
from that Territory, and was soon after 
appointed, by President Jefferson , Judge 
of the District Court, which office he 
held until his death, which occurred in 
Salem, Indiana, July 12, 1835. He was 
at one time President of the State His- 
torical Society. 

Parker, Aniasa J. — Born in 1807, 
at Sharon, Connecticut, and graduat- 
ed at Union College, New York. He 
was admitted to the bar in Delhi, 
New York, in October, 1828. In 1833 
he was elected a Representative in the 
State Legislature, and in 1835 was cho- 
sen a Eegent of the University. From 
1837 to 1839 he was a Representative in 
Congress, and in 1844 he was appointed 
a Circuit Judge and Vice-Chancellor of 
the Court of Equity. Soon after the 
adoption of a new State Constitution, 
he became a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of New York. In 1859 he was 
appointed United States Attorney for 
the District of New York. He was also 
a Delegate to the Chicago Convention 
of 1864. 

Parker, Andrew. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1851 to 1853. 

Parker, Isaac. — Born in Boston, 
Massachusetts, June 17, 1768, and gra- 
duated at Harvard College in 1786. He 
commenced the practice of law atCastine, 
in the District of Maine, and was elected 



to Congress, serving as Representative, 
from 1797 to 1799. He was appointed, 
by President Adams, Marshal for the 
District of Maine, which office he held 
till 1801. He afterwards removed to 
Portland, and in 1806 was chosen a 
Judge of the Supreme Court, and in 
1814 Chief Justice, which position he 
occupied for sixteen years. In 1820 he 
was President of the Massachusetts Con- 
vention for the revision of the Constitu- 
tion, and for several years he was Pro- 
fessor of Law in Harvard University. 
He was a distinguished scholar and 
friend of literature, and for eleven years 
was a Trustee of Bowdoin College, and 
for twenty years an Overseer of Har- 
vard. He died in Boston, May 26, 1830. 

Parker, James, — He was born in 
the Township of Bethlehem, Hunterdon 
County, New Jersey, March 1, 1776. 
He was a student in Columbia College, 
New York, and graduated in 1793; he 
entered the counting-house of a mer- 
chant in New York, and remained there 
until 1797, when he settled in Perth 
Amboy, where he has since resided; he 
was for a few years engaged in trade ; 
was a member of the New Jersey Legis- 
lature in 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 
1812, 1813, 1815, 1816, 1818, and 1827,— 
in all eleven years ; was a Jackson Elec- 
tor in 1824; Collector of the Customs at 
Perth Amboy, from 1829 to 1833 ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
1833 to 1837. He also served as one of 
the Commissioners, on the part of New 
Jersey, to settle the boundary and juris- 
diction between New York and New 
Jersey, at the different periods of 1807, 
1827, and 1833, obtaining an agreement 
during the year last named ; and he was 
member of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion of the State in 1844. Mr. Parker 
is still living, in the enjoyment of a 
pleasant home and troops of friends. 

Parker, James. — A native of Bos- 
ton, Massachusetts; was a physician by 
profession ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1813 
to 1815, and from 1819 to 1821. He was 
for fifty years a resident of Gardiner, 
Maine, where he died, November 9, 
1837, aged sixty-nine years. 

Parker, John 31. — Born in Gran- 
ville, Washington County, New York, 
June 14, 1805; graduated at Middlebury 
College, Vermont, in 1828 ; was a lawyer 



284 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



by profession, and a Eepresentative in 
the Thirty-flfth Congress, from ISTew 
York, serving on the Committees of 
Puhlic Expenditures and Revolutionary 
Pensions. 

Farlcer, J'osiah. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1789 to 1801. 

Parker f Nahum. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from New Hampshire, 
from 1807 to 1810, having also held the . 
positions of State Councillor from 1805 
to 1807, President of the State Senate 
in 1828, and Judge of the Court of Com- 
mon Pleas for Hillsborovigh County, 
from 1822 to 1825. Eesigned his seat in 
the Senate, June, 1860. 

ParTcer, Richard. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1851. 

Farher, Richard E. — Born in 

1777 ; in early life was a member of the 
Virginia House of Delegates ; for many 
years a Judge of the General and Cir- 
cuit Courts of Virginia ; also, a Judge 
of the Supreme Court of Appeals ; and 
for a brief period, from 1836 to 1837, a 
Senator in Congress. He died in Vir- 
ginia, in November, 1840. 

Farher, Samuel W. — He was born 
in Jefferson County, New York, Sep- 
tember 9, 1805 ; graduated at the Miami 
University, in Ohio, in 1828 ; settled in 
Indiana, and, while studying law, taught 
school and edited a newspaper ; he was 
admitted to the bar in 1831 ; was elected 
to the Legislature in 1836, where he 
served five years; and was two years 
Attorney for the State. He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Indiana, 
from 1851 to 1855; he was, in 1846, Pre- 
sident of the White Water Canal Com- 
pany, the charter for which he had 
passed by the Legislature; in 1844 he 
was a Clay Elector, and in 1856 an Elec- 
tor for Fremont ; and, at the present 
time, is President of the Junction Eail- 
way Company of Indiana, where he 
resides, chiefly engaged in agricultural 
pursuits. 

FarTcer, Severn E. — He was born 
in Northampton County, Virginia, and 
was a prominent member of the Vir- 
ginia Legislature, an eminent lawyer, 



and a Eepresentative in Congress, from ' 
1819 to 1821. He died, October 21, 1836, 
in Northampton County, Virginia. 

FarJis, Gorham. — He was born 
in the western part of Massachusetts in 
1793 ; graduated at Harvard College in 
1813; adopted the profession of law, 
and commenced practice at Bangor; and 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
Maine, from 1833 to 1837. From 1838 
to 1841 he was United States Marshal 
for the District of Maine ; from 1843 to 
1845, United States Attorney; and from 
1845 to 1849, United States Consul at 
Eio Janeiro. 

Farmenter, William. — He was 

born in Massachusetts, and was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1837 to 1845. He was also 
a State Senator in 1836 ; and Naval 
Oflacer at Boston, from 1845 to 1849. 

Farris, Albion K. — He was born 
in Hebron, Oxford County, Maine, Ja- 
nuary 19, 1788 ; graduated at Dartmouth 
College in 1806; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1809; in 1811 he 
was appointed Attorney for Oxford 
County ; in 1813 was elected to the Ge- 
neral Court ; in 1814 was chosen a State 
Senator ; was elected a Eepresentative 
in Congress in 1815, and again in 1817; 
in 1816 he was a member of the State 
Constitutional Convention ; was appoint- 
ed Judge of the Federal District Court 
in 1818. In 1819 he was a member of 
the State Convention for framing a Con- 
stitution; and in 1820 was appointed 
Judge of Probate for Cumberland Coun- 
ty. He was five times elected Governor 
of Maine, from 1822 to 1827 ; was a Se- 
nator in Congress in 1827 and 1828 ; was 
appointed Judge of the Supreme Court 
of the State in 1828, holding the oflSce 
until 1836, when he became Second 
Comptroller in the Federal Treasury 
Department. He left this ofiice in 1850, 
and returned to Portland, of which city, 
in 1852, he was elected Mayor. He died 
in Portland, February 11, 1857. 

Farris, VirgilD. — Bornin Maine ; 
adopted the profession of law ; was As- 
sistant Secretary of State Senate in 1831 ; 
was a member of the Maine Legislature, 
from 1838 to 1839 ; a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Maine, from 1838 to 
1841 ; a State Senator in 1842 and 1843 ; 
United States Marshal for Maine, from 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



285 



1844 to 1848; United States Special 
Mail Agent from 1853 to 1856; and 
subsequently held the office of Naval 
Storekeeper at Kittery, Maine. When 
in the State Senate he was President pro 
tern., and for a short time acting Go- 
vernor of the State. 

Parrott, John F.—Re was a mem- 
ber, in 1811, of the New Hampshire Le- 
gislature ; a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from New Hampshire, from 1817 to 
1819 ; and a Senator of the United 
States, from 1819 to 1825 ; and in 1826 
was appointed Postmaster at Ports- 
mouth, New Hampshire. He died in 
Greenland, New Hampshire, July 9, 
1836, aged sixty-eight years. 

Parrott, Marcus «/.— Born at 
Hamburg, South Carolina, October 27, 
1828 ; graduated at Dickinson College, 
Pennsylvania, in 1849 ; is a lawyer by 
profession, havingstudied at Cambridge; 
was a member of the Ohio LegisUiture 
in 1853 and 1854 ; and was elected a 
Delegate to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
from Kansas Territory. Elected also 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress. 

' Partridge, George. — He gradu- 
ated at Harvard College in 1762; was 
a Delegate to the Continental Congress, 
from Massachusetts ; and a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, after the adoption of 
the Constitution, from 1789 to 1791. 
He died at Duxbury, Massachusetts, 
July 7, 1828, aged eighty-eight years. 

Partridge, Saninel. — He was born 
in New York ; and was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1841 to 1843. 

Paterson, William. — Born at sea, 
of Irish parents, in 1745. He gradu- 
ated at Princeton in 1763 ; studied law 
and admitted to the bar in 1769; was 
a member of the Convention which 
formed the first Constitution of New 
Jersey in 1776; from that time until 
the year 1786 he was Attorney-General 
of the State ; and was one of the first 
Senators in Congress, from 1789 to 1790, 
when he resigned, having previously 
been a member of the Convention which 
formed the Federal Constitution. He 
was Governor of New Jersey, from 1791 
to 1794, when he was appointed, by the 
President, a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of the United States, which he 



held until his death in 1806. In 1798 
and 1799 he revised, by authority of the 
Legislature, the laws of New Jersey, a 
work highly esteemed and the founda- 
tion of the jurisprudence of the State. 
He received the degree of LL.D. from 
Harvard and Dartmouth. 

Paton, tToJm. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Delaware, 
from 1793 to 1794, and for a second term 
from 1795 to 1797. His seat was success- 
fully contested by H. Lattimer, in 1794. 

Patterson, John. — He was a mem- 
ber, for four years, of the Assembly of 
New York ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 
1805. 

Patterson, John. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1823 to 1825. 

Patterson, J. W. — He was born 

in Henniker, Merrimack County, New 
Hampshire, July 2, 1823 ; was educated 
at Dartmouth College, graduating in 
1848. From 1854 to 1859 he was a Pro- 
fessor of Mathematics in Dartmouth 
College, after which he was transferred 
to the chair of Professor of Astronomy 
and Meteorology, in the same college, 
which he stilt "holds. From 1858 to 
1861 he was School Commissioner for 
Grafton County, and at the same time 
was Secretary of the Board of Educa- 
tion for the State. In 1862 he served 
in the State Legislature, and was elected 
a Representative, from New Hampshire, 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
on the Committees on Expenditures in 
the Treasury Department, and for the 
District of Columbia. 

Patterson, Thomas. — He was 

born in Lancaster County, Pennsyl- 
vania ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 
1825. 

Patterson, Thomas J. — He was 

born in New York ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1843 to 1845. 

Patterson, Walter. — He was born 
in Columbia County, New York, and 
was a member of the Assembly of New 
York, in 1818, from Columbia County ; 



286 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



and a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
1821 to 1823. 

Patterson, William. — He was 

born in Maryland, and having settled 
in Ohio, was elected a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1833 
to 1838. 

Patterson, William. — He was 

born in Londonderry, New Hampshire, 
June 4, 1789 ; removed to the State of 
New York in 1815, and subsequently set- . 
tied in Warsaw, G-enesee, now Wyoming 
County. He was elected a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from New York, from 
1837 to 1839, but died before the expi- 
ration of his term, at Warsaw, New 
York, August 14, 1838. 

Patton, tTo7in.—B.e was born in 
Pennsylvania, and elected a Eepresen- 
tative, from that State, to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Indian Affairs. 

Patton, John M. — He was born in 
Virginia ; received a liberal education, 
and adopted the profession of law, in 
which he was successful ; and was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1830 to 1838. He died in 
October, 1858, in the sixty-second year 
of his age. He was for some years, and 
at the time of his death, Judge of the 
Court of Appeals. 

Paulding, William. — Born in 

Tarrytown, Westchester County, New 
York, in 1769 ; was educated for the 
law and engaged in a lucrative practice 
in New York City. He was a delegate 
to the New York Convention for re- 
vising the State Constitution in 1821 ; 
and elected a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1811 to 
1813, but he was absent from his seat 
during the session in which war was de- 
clared, and served as G-eneral of mili- 
tia during its prosecution. In 1823 he 
was chosen Mayor of New York, after 
which he held no public office. He 
died at Tarrytown, February 11, 1854. 

Pawling, Levi. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1817 to 1819. 

Payne, Winter W. — He was born 
in Warrenton, Yirginia, which he left 
when young, and was a Eepresentative 



in Congress, from Alabama, from 1841 
to 1847. 

Paynter, Lemuel. — He was born 
in Delaware, and on removing to Penn- 
sylvania, was elected a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1837 
to 1841. 

Pearce, L>utee J. — Born in Ports- 
mouth, Ehode Island, in 1789, and died 
at Newport, Ehode Island, May 9, 
1849. He was a prominent lawyer ; at 
one time Attorney-General of the State, 
and United States District Attorney for 
that district, and a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Ehode Island, from 1825 
to 1833, and again from 1835 to 1837. 
He was a graduate of Brown Univer- 
sity, and served in the Legislature of 
Ehode Island. 

Pearce, James A. — He was born 
in Alexanclria, Virginia, December 14, 
1805, although of a Maryland family by 
his father's side. He graduated at 
Princeton College, with the first honors, 
in 1822 ; was bred to the law, but was 
much engaged in the pursuits of agri- 
culture ; he was a member of the Mary- 
land Legislature in 1831 ; a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1835 to 1839_, and from 1841 to 1843 ; and 
a Senator in Congress, from 1843 to 
1862, having served for a number of 
years as Chairman of the Joint Com- 
mittee on the Library. He also held 
the post of Professor of Law in Wash- 
ington College, Chestertown, and was a 
Eegent of the Smithsonian Institution. 
Was re-elected to the Senate for the term 
commencing March, 1863, but died at 
Chestertown, Maryland, December 20, 
1862. 

Pearce, John J. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1855 to 1857. 

Pearson, Joseph. — Born in Eo wan 
County, North Carolina, and died at 
Salisbury, October 27, 1834. He was a 
lawyer by profession, served two years 
in the State Legislature, and was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from 1809 to 
1815. While in Congress he fought a 
duel with the Hon. John G-. Jackson, 
the result of a political quarrel. 

Peaslee, Charles M. — He was 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



287 



born in Gilmanton, New Hampshire, in 
February, 1804; graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in 1824 ; and was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1847 to 1853. He was also 
a State Kepresentative from 1833 to 
1837; Adjutant-General of the State 
from 1839 to 1847 ; and Collector of Cus- 
toms, at Boston, from 1853 to 1857. 

Peek, George W. — He was born in 
New York about the year 1818 ; removed 
to Michigan, and was a member of the 
Legislature of that State in 1846 and 
1847, serving as Speaker during the lat- 
ter year ; was afterwards chosen Secre- 
tary of State ; and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from Michigan, from 1855 
to 1857. 

Peck, Jared V. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 
1855. 

Peek, Lucius P. — He was born in 
Vermont, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 
1851. From 1853 to 1857 he was United 
States Attorney for Vermont. 

Peck, Luther C — He was born in 
Connecticut, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from New York, from 1837 
to 1841. 

Peckham, Pufus W. — He was 

born in New York, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1853 to 1855. 

Peek, Hertnanus. — He was born 
in Albany, New York, and was for two 
years a member of the New York As- 
sembly, from Schenectady County, and 
a Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1819 to 1821. 

Pegratn, tTohn. — He was a native 
of Virginia, and a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1818 to 
1819. 

Pelton, Chiy P. — Born at Great 
Barrington, Berkshire County, Massa- 
chusetts, August 3, 1825. His tastes, 
from early boyhood, had inclined him 
to the study of law, but it was not until 
he had attained his twentieth year that 
he was enabled to prosecute his plans 
for a professional life, having previously 



to that time remained upon the home- 
stead farm with his father. He spent 
two years in the academy of his native 
town, and three years in the Connecti- 
cut Literary Institute, after which he 
devoted one year to teaching at Lee, 
Massachusetts, and at Dover Plains, 
New York, employing his leisure in 
reading elementary works on law. He 
then entered a law office at Kinderhook, 
and completed his studies, being ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1850. In 1851 he 
opened a law office in New York City, 
and in 1854 was elected a Representa- 
tive to the Thirty-fourth Congress, 
after which he returned to New York, 
and resumed his professional labors. 

Pendleton, Edtnund H. — He 

was a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1831 to 1833. 

Pendleton, George H. — Born in 
Cincinnati, Ohio, July 25, 1825; is a 
lawyer by profession ; was a member of 
the State Senate of Ohio in 1854 and 
1855 ; was elected a Representative, 
from Ohio, to the Thirty-fifth, Thirty- 
sixth, and Thirty-seventh Congresses, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Military Aflairs during each term. 
Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee of 
Ways and Means. His father, Na- 
thaniel Greene Pendleton, was also a Re- 
presentative in Congress. In 1864 he 
Avas nominated for the office of Vice- 
President of the United States, on the 
ticket with George B. McClellan. 

Pendleton, John S. — He was born 
in Virginia ; in 1841 was appointed 
Charge d'Affaires to the Republic of 
Chili ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 
1847, and for a second term, ending in 
1849. 

Pendleton, Nathaniel Greene. 

— Born in Savannah, Georgia, in Au- 
gust, 1793 ; removed with his father to 
New York in his childhood ; was edu- 
cated at Columbia College ; adopted 
the profession of law ; was an aid to 
General E. P. Gaines, from 1813 to 
1815 ; removed to Ohio in 1818 ; in 1825 
was elected to the Senate of Ohio, and 
re-elected ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Ohio, from 1841 to 1843, 
after which he voluntarily retired from 
public life. He was a man of high cha- 



288 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



racter and uncommon ability, and died 
in Cincinnati, June 16, 1861. His fa- 
ther, Nathaniel, was an officer in the 
Revolutionary war, a Judge, and second 
of General Alexander Hamilton in his 
duel with Aaron Burr. 

Penii, Alexander G. — He was 

born in Virginia, and, having settled 
in Louisiana, was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1851 to 1853. 

Penniman, Ebenezer J. — He 

was born in New York, and was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Michi- 
gan, from 1851 to 1853. 

Pennington^ Alexander C. 31. 

— He was born m Newark, New Jer- 
sey ; a lawyer by profession ; and was 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1853 to 1857. He also served 
two years in the State Legislature. 

Pennington, William. — He was 

born in Newark, New Jersey, in 1797 ; 
received a liberal education, and adopted 
the profession of law; in 1837 he was 
elected Governor of New Jersey, and 
annually re-elected until 1843, acting 
at the same time as Chancellor of the 
State, ex officio^ and taking a prominent 
part in what was known as the " Broad 
Seal Controversy." By President Tay- 
lor, he was appointed Governor of Min- 
nesota Territory, and by President Fill- 
more a Judge to settle land claims in 
California, both of which positions he 
declined to accept. In 1858, contrary 
to his wishes, he was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from New Jersey, to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress ; and after the 
lapse of two months after taking his 
seat, he was elected Speaker of the 
House of Representatives. Pied at New- 
ark, New Jersey, February 16, 1862. 
He had been indisposed, and having 
taken an overdose of morphine for 
some other medicine, died from its 
effects. 

Pennybacker, Isaac S. — Bom in 

1806, in Shenandoah County, Virginia; 
was a lawyer by profession ; and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1837 to 
1839 ; and then Judge of the District 
Court of Western Virginia ; and a Se- 
nator in Congress, from 1845 to 1851. 
He died in Washington, District of Co- 
lumbia, January 12, 1847. 



Perea, Francisco. — Was born in 
Zadillas, County of Bernalillo, New 
Mexico, January 9, 1881, and in 1863 
he was elected a Delegate, from New 
Mexico, to the Thirty-eighth Congress. 

Perhani, Sidney. — Was born in 
Woodstock, Oxford County, Maine, 
March 27, 1819 ; until his thirty-fourth 
year he followed the double occupation 
of farmer and teacher ; in 1852 he was 
chosen a member of the Maine Board of 
Agriculture, which position he held for 
two years ; in 1855 he was a member of 
the State Legislature, and officiated as 
Speaker ; in 1856 he was a Presidential 
Elector ; in 1858 was elected County 
Clerk for Oxford County, and re-elected 
in 1861 ; and in 1862 was elected a Re- 
presentative, from Maine, to the Thir- 
ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Agriculture, and Invalid 
Pensions. 

Perkins, Bishop. — He was born 

in New Hampshire, and having settled 
in New York, was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1853 to 1855. 

Perkins, Ellas. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Connecticut, 
from 1801 to 1803, having graduated at 
Yale College in 1786. He died in 1845. 

Perkins, Jared. — He was born in 
New Hampshire, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1851 to 1853. He also held the position 
of State Councillor from 1846 to 1849; 
State Representative in 1850 ; and died 
at Nashua, October 14, 1854. 

Perkins, John, J»'.— He was born 
in Louisiana, July 1, 1819. He gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1840, and sub- 
sequently at the Law School of Harvard 
College ; he settled for the practice of 
his profession in New Orleans, but his 
health compelled him to travel in Eu- 
rope ; on his return, in 1851, he was 
chosen a Judge of the Circuit Court of 
Louisiana, which position he held until 
elected to Congress, in 1853, where he 
advocated Democratic measures, and re- 
mained until 1855, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Foreign Affairs. He is now 
devoted to planting in Louisiana. 

■ Per rill, Augustus L. — He was 

born in Virginia, and was a Represen- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



289 



tative in Congress, from that State, from 

1845 to 1847. 

Perry f tTohn «/. — He was born in 
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, August 
2, 1811, but when a child removed with 
his father. Rev. Daniel Perry, to Ox- 
ford, Maine ; he received a common 
school education, and of his own accord 
spent three years at the "Maine Wes- 
leyan Seminary," paying for his tuition 
by laboring on the farm belonging to 
the institution, and also by teaching 
school in the winter. Having spent 
three years engaged in mercantile pur- 
suits, he turned his attention to the law ; 
was admitted to the bar at Oxford in 
1844, where he has practised his profes- 
sion ever since. He was elected to the 
Maine Legislature in 1839, 1842, and 
1843 ; was afterwards for seven years 
Major-General of the Maine militia; in 

1846 and 1847 he was elected to the 
State Senate ; in 1854 he was elected 
Clerk of the Maine House of Eepresen- 
tatives ; and he was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1855 to 1857. " Of late 
years he has been connected with the 
press, as editor of the " Oxford Demo- 
crat,' ' a paper publislied at Paris, Maine ; 
and he was also elected a Representa- 
tive in the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv- 
ing as a member of the Committee on 
Territories. He was also a member of 
the Peace Congress of 1861. 

Perry, Neheiniah. — He was born 
at Ridgefield, Connecticut, March 30, 
1816 ; received a good education at the 
West Lane Seminary ; has been chiefly 
engaged in the cloth and clothing busi- 
ness ; was for many years the presiding 
member of the Common Council of New- 
ark, New Jersey ; served a number of 
years in the Legislature of that State ; 
and was elected a Representative, from 
New Jersey, to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, serving on the Committees on 
Revolutionary Claims, and Expendi- 
tures on Public Buildings. Re-elected 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
on the Committee on Commerce. 

Perry, Thomas. — He was born in 
Maryland, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 
1847. 

Peter, George. — Born in George- 
toWj5v, Montgomery' County, Maryland 
(r)g35 "district of Columbia), September 



28, 1779. He was educated at private 
institutions and Georgetown College ; 
entered the United States Army in 1799, 
and resigned in 1809 ; served as a Major 
of volunteers during the war of 1812 ; 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
1816 to 1819, and again from 1825 to 
1827 ; was elected twice to the State Le- 
gislature ; and also served the public as 
Commissioner of Public Works for the 
State of Maryland. 

Petrie, George. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1847 
to 1849. 

Petriken, David. — He was born 

in Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1837 to 1841. Died January 8, 
1849. 

Pettigrew, Ebenezer. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from North 
Carolina, from 1835 to 1837, and was a 
member of the Committee on Expenses 
in the Navy Department. 

Pettis, Spencer. — He was born in 
Virginia, and educated a lawyer, and, 
on taking up his residence in Missouri, 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, where he served from 1829 to 
1831 . Died August 26, 1831 , aged twen- 
ty-nine years, having fallen in a duel 
with Major Thomas Biddle at St. Louis. 

Pettit, fTohn. — Born at Sackett's 
Harbor, Jefferson County, New York, 
July 24, 1807 ; he received a good edu- 
cation, and studied law, and removed 
to Lafayette, Indiana, in 1831, where 
he has since resided. He was a member 
of the State Legislature, United States 
District Attorney, and served in the 
House of Representatives in Congress, 
from 1843 to 1847, and in the United 
States Senate, from 1853 to 1855. In 
1850 he was a member of the State Con- 
stitutional Convention, and has twice 
held the office of Circuit Judge ; and in 
18-59 he was appointed, by President 
Buchanan, Chief Justice of the Federal 
Courts of Kansas. He was alsu a Dele- 
gate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. 

Pettit, John XT. — He was born in 
New York ; graduated at Union Col- 
lege in 1839^ studied law, and com- 
menced the practice of his profession in 



290 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



■Wabash, Indiana, in 1841. He went 
as United States Consul to Maranham, 
Brazil, in 1850; and on Ms return, in 
1853, was appointed Judge of the tip- 
per Wabash Circuit Court of Indiana; 
and was elected to Congress, as a Ee- 
presentative of that State, in 1854 ; and 
was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress. He was a member of the Joint 
Committee on the Library. He was re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as Chairman of the Library 
Committee. 

Peyton, Bailie. — He was born in 
Sumner County, Tennessee, received a 
liberal education, and adopted the pro- 
fession of law ; he was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1833 
to 1837 ; he was appointed, by Presi- 
dent Fillmore, Minister to Chili ; was 
subsequently elected United States Dis- 
trict Attorney for Louisiana ; was for a 
time settled at San Francisco, Califor- 
nia, in the practice of his profession, 
but is now residing in his native State. 

Peyton, Josex)7lH. — Bornin Sum- 
ner County, Tennessee, in 1813 ; was 
frequently elected to the Senate of Ten- 
nessee ; held many other local positions 
of high character ; and was a Kepresen- 
tative in Congress, from 1843 to 1845. 
He received a medical education, but 
abandoned that profession for politics. 
Died in October, 1845, having been re- 
elected to Congress. 

Peyton, Samuel O. — Born in Bul- 
litt County, Kentucky, in 1804 ; received 
a good common school education ; settled 
in Hartford and devoted two years to 
the duties of a clerk ; studied medicine, 
and graduated at Transylvania Univer- 
sity in 1827 ; in 1835 he was elected to 
the State Legislature ; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Kentucky, from 
1847 to 1849 ; and was re-elected to the 
Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Con- 
gresses, serving during his last term as 
a member of the Committee on Public 
Buildings and Grounds. 

Phelps, Elisha. — He was a native 
of Simsbury, Connecticut ; born in No- 
vember, 1779; graduated at Yale Col- 
lege in 1800, and studied law at Litch- 
field. He was several times a member 
of the House of Representatives and of 
the Senate of his native State. He was 
Speaker of the House of Representatives 



in the Legislature in 1821 and 1829; was 
a Representative in Congress, from Con- 
necticut, from 1819 to 1821, and also 
from 1825 to 1829 ; was Comptroller 
of the State from 1830 to 1834, and in 
1835 was appointed one of the Commis- 
sioners to revise the statutes of Connec- 
ticut. He died at Simsbury, in April, 
1847. 

Phelps, John Smith. — He was 

born in Simsbury, Hartford County, 
Connecticut, December 22, 1814 ; was 
educated at Washington (now Trinity) 
College, Hartford, Connecticut, and stu- 
died law in the office of his father, Elisha 
Phelps. He practised law a short time 
in his native State, and in 1837 emigra- 
ted to Missouri, and settled at Spring- 
field, Greene County, near which town 
he now resides. In 1840 he was chosen 
by the people of Greene County to re- 
present them in the Legislature ; and 
having been appointed Brigade Inspec- 
tor of militia in 1841 he has since borne 
the title of Major. In 1844 he was elect- 
ed Representative to the Twenty -ninth 
Congress, serving in that position until 
the close of the Thirty-sixth Congress. 
He was also re-elected to the Thirty-se- 
venth Congress. He served as a Colonel 
of volunteers in 1861, and in 1862 was 
appointed by President Lincoln Military 
Governor of Arkansas. He was during 
the Thirty-fifth Congress Chairman of 
the Committee of Ways and Means, 
and has generally served on important 
committees. 

Phelps, Launcelot. — He was born 
in Connecticut, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1835 to 1839. 

Phelps, Oliver. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1803 to 1805, and a member of the 
Assembly of that State, from Ontario 
County, in 1834. 

Phelps, Samuel S, — He was born 
in Litchfield, Connecticut, May 13, 1793, 
and died March 25, 1855, in Middlebury, 
Vermont. He graduated at Yale Col- 
lege in 1811, and while studying law, in 
1812, he entered the American army, 
and before the close of his military ca- 
reer was appointed Paymaster. He set- 
tled in Middlebury, and practised law. 
In 1827 he was member of the Co'"-'icil 
of Censors, and Avrote the addre'^^^^'^'^d 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



291 



by that body. In 1831 he was chosen 
a member of the Legislative Council of 
Vermont, and was soon afterwards ap- 
pointed Judge of the Supreme Court of 
the State, in which position he remain- 
ed until 1838. He was a Senator in 
Congress, from 1839 to 1854, in which 
bodj- he displayed abilities of a high 
order. 

Pheljts, TlmotJiy J. — He was born 
in New York, and removing to Califor- 
nia was elected a Kepresentative, from 
that State, to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress. 

Phelps, William W. — He was 

born in Oakland County, Michigan, 
June 1, 1826 ; he graduated at the Uni- 
versity of Michigan in 1846 ; stvidied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1848 ; and edited a Democratic news- 
paper, in Oakland County, from 1851 
to 1855. In 1852 and 1853 he held the 
office of Commissioner for his native 
county, performing the duties of Judge 
at chambers; in 1854 was appointed, by 
President Pierce, Register of the United 
States Land Office at Red Wing, in Min- 
nesofa; and in 1857 he was elected a 
Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, from that State, and was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Mileage. In 
1860 he assumed the editorship of the 
Red Wing Sentinel. 

Phillips, Henry 31. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania; elected a Repre- 
sentative, from that State, to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, and was a member of the 
Committee on Finance. 

Phillips, John. — He was born in 
Chester County, Pennsylvania, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1821 to 1823. 

Phillips, Philij). — He was born 
in Charleston, South Carolina, Decem- 
ber 13, 1807, and was educated at the 
Norwich Military Academy, in Ver- 
mont, and at Middletown, Connecticut. 
In 1825 he commenced the study of law 
in Charleston, and on the day after 
attaining his majority was admitted 
to the bar. He entered public life by 
becoming a member of the Nullification 
Convention in 1832, and voted with the 
minority ; in 1834 he was elected, for 
two years, to the State Legislature ; in 
1835 he resigned ; removed to Mobile, 



Alabama, and practised his profession 
with success ; in 1837 was elected Pre- 
sident of the Alabama Democratic State 
Convention ; in 1844 was elected to the 
Legislature, and was Chairman of the 
Committee on Federal Relations; in 
1849 was President of an Internal Im- 
provement Convention ; in 1851 was 
again elected to the Legislature ; in 1852 
went to the Baltimore Convention; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Alabama, from 1853 to 1855, and declin- 
ed a re-election. Since that time he has 
practised his profession in Washington 
City. 

Phillips, Stephen Clarefixdon, — 

He was born in Salem, Massachusetts, 
November 1, 1801 ; graduated at Har- 
vard College in 1819, with high honors; 
began to study law, but soon became a 
merchant. From 1824 to 1829, by an- 
nual re-elections, he was chosen a Re- 
presentative to the State Legislature 
from Salem ; from 1830 to 1831 he was 
State Senator, and in 1832 and 1833 was 
again a member of the House. From 
1834 to 1838 he worthily represented 
Massachusetts in Congress. From De- 
cember, 1838, to March, 1842, he was 
Mayor of Salem, and upon his volun- 
tary retirement devoted the whole of his 
salary as Mayor to the public schools of 
the city. In 1840 he was one of the 
Presidential Electors for Massachusetts, 
and in 1848 and 1849 was the Free-soil 
candidate for Governor. He held va- 
rious State and private trusts, in the 
discharge of which, by his ability, sa- 
gacity, experience, and integrity, he 
rendered signal service. He was for 
many years a member of the State Board 
of Education, and a Trustee of the State 
Lunatic Hospital at Worcester. He 
retired from public life in 1849, and was 
extensively engaged in the lumbering 
business. He was lost by the burning 
of the steamer Montreal, on the St. 
Lawrence River, June 26, 1857, while 
returning from Quebec, whither he had 
been on business to Three Rivers, the 
head-quarters of his operations in Ca^ 
nada. 

Philson, Robert. — He was born in 
Donegal, Ireland, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1819 to 1821. 

Phwnix, J. Phillips.— B^a was 

born in Morristown, New Jersey ; was 



292 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



for many years a leading merchant in 
New York City ; served several years 
in the Councils of the city ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1843 to 1845 ; a member of 
the State Assembly in 1848, from New 
York City ; and again in Congress, from 
1849 to 1851, serving as Chairman of 
the Committee on Commerce. Died 
suddenly in New York, May 4, 1859, at 
an advanced age. 

JPichens, Andrew. — He was born 
at Paxton, Pennsylvania, September 
19, 1739, and removed with his father, 
in 1752, to the "Waxsaw Settlement, in 
South Carolina ; he served as a volun- 
teer in Grant's expedition against the 
Cherokees, and was an active military 
partisan during the Eevolution. He 
was a member of the State Legislature, 
from the close of the war until 1793, 
when he was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from 1793 to 1795. In 
1795 he was commissioned Major-Gene- 
ral of the South Carolina militia, and 
was frequently a Commissioner to treat 
with the Indians. It was his son and 
not himself who was Governor of the 
State, from 1816 to 1817. He died in 
Pendleton District, South Carolina, 
August 17, 1817. 

Pickens, Francis TF.— He was 

born in South Carolina, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1835 to 1845. In 1858 he 
was appointed by President Buchanan 
Minister to Russia ; and in December, 
1860, was elected Governor of South 
Carolina. 

JPickens, Israel. — Born in Cabar- 
rus County, North Carolina ; served 
one year in the State Legislature ; was 
a Representative, from that State, in 
Congress, from 1811 to 1817, in which 
year he was appointed Register of the 
Land-office of Mississippi Territory ; 
on removing to Alabama, he was elected 
Governor of that State, in 1821, and in 
1826 was a Senator in Congress, from 
Alabama. 

Pickering, Timothy. — Was born 
in Salem, Massachusetts, July 17, 1745; 
graduated at Harvard College in 1763, 
and after the usual course of professional 
studies, was admitted to the practice of 
law. "When the dissensions between 
the mother country and our own com- 



menced, he soon became the champion 
and leader of the Whigs of the quarter 
where he lived. He was a member of 
the Committees of Inspection and Cor- 
respondence, and bore the entire bur- 
den of writing. The addresses which, 
in 1774, the inhabitants of Salem, in 
full town meeting, voted to Governor 
Gage, on the occasion of the Boston 
Port-bill, proceeded from his pen. A 
part of it, disclaiming any wish on the 
part of the inhabitants of Salem to pro- 
fit by the closing of the port of Boston, 
is quoted by Dr. Ramsay, in his History 
of the American Revolution. In April, 
1775, on receiving intelligence of the 
battle of Lexington, he marched with 
the regiment of which he was at the 
time commander, to Charlestown, but 
had not an opportunity of coming to 
action. Before the close of the same 
year, when the provisional government 
was organizing, he was appointed one 
of the Judges of the Court of Common 
Pleas for Essex, his native county ; and 
sole Judge of the Maritime Court (which 
had cognizance of all prize causes) for 
the Middle District, comprehending 
Boston, with Salem and the other ports 
in Essex. These offices he held until he 
accepted an appointment in the army. 
In 1777 he was named Adjutant-Gene- 
ral, by Washington, and joined the 
army, then at Middlebrook, New Jersey. 
He continued with the Commander-in- 
chief until the American forces went 
into winter quarters at Valley Porge, 
having been present at the battles of 
Brandy wine and Gerinantown. He then 
proceeded to discharge the duties of a 
member of the Continental Board of 
War, to which he had been elected by 
Congress, then sitting at York, Penn- 
sylvania. In this station he remained 
until he was appointed to succeed Gene- 
ral Greene in the office of Quartermas- 
ter-General, which he retained during 
the residue of the war, and in which he 
contributed much to the surrender of 
Cornwallis at Yorktown. From 1790 
to 1794 he was charged, by President 
Washington, with several negotiations 
with the Indian nations on our frontiers. 
In 1791 he was also made Postmaster- 
General ; and in 1794 removed from 
that station to the Secretaryship of War, 
on the resignation of General Knox. In 
1795 he was appointed Secretary of State 
in the place of Mr. Randolph. From 
that office he was removed, by Presi- 
dent Adams, in 1800. At the end of the 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



293 



year 1801 he returned to Massachusetts. 
In 1803 the Legislature of that State 
chose him a Senator to Congress, for the 
residue of the term of Dwight Foster, 
who had resigned ; and in 1805 re-elected 
him to the same station for the term of 
six years. After its expiration, in 1811, 
he was chosen, by the Legislature, a 
member of the Executive Council, and 
during the war of 1812 he was appointed 
a member of the Board of War for the 
defence of the State. In 1814 he was 
returned to Congress, and held his seat 
until March, 1817. He then finally re- 
tired to private life. His death took 
place January 29, lo29. In his manners, 
Colonel Pickering was plain and unas- 
suming. In public life he was distin- 
guished for energy, ability, and disin- 
terestedness ; as a soldier he was brave 
and patriotic ; and his writings bear 
ample testimony to his talents and in- 
formation. He was one of the leaders 
of the Federal party of the United 
States. 

Pickfnan, Benjamin,. — He was 

born in 1763; graduated at Cambridge 
in 1784; visited Europe, and on his re- 
turn studied law, and, though admitted 
to the bar, abandoned that profession, 
devoting himself to mercantile pursuits. 
In 1800 he was elected to the State Le- 
gislature, and re-elected a number of 
years to the State Senate ; in 1807 he 
became a member of the Executive 
Council ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1809 to 1811 ; and in 1820 
was a member of the Convention for 
revising the State Constitution. He 
also held many other ofiices of trust and 
honor, and died at Salem, Massachu- 
setts, in August, 1843. 

Pierce, Franklin. — Was born in 
the town of Hillsborough, New Hamp- 
shire, in 1804, and, after completing his 
academical studies, entered Bowdoin 
College, Maine. On leaving college he 
commenced his legal studies at North- 
ampton, Massachusetts, but subsequent- 
ly returned to his native State, and 
finished his studies at Amherst. He 
was admitted to the bar, and com- 
menced the practice of his profession 
in his native town ; but before the end 
of two years he was elected a Repre- 
sentative in the State Legislature, and 
during his second year's service was 
chosen Speaker of the House. In 1833 
he was elected to Congress, and re- 



mained a member of the House of Re- 
presentatives four years. In 1837 he 
was elected a member of the United 
States Senate, but, after five years' ser- 
vice in that body, resigned his seat. 
He settled in Concord, and resumed his 
practice at the bar. He adhered to his 
resolution of accepting no political office, 
declined to be a candidate for Governor 
of the State, or United States Senator, 
and refused the offices of Attorney-Ge- 
neral and Secretary of War, which were 
tendered him by President Polk. On 
the breaking out of the Mexican war, 
however, he enrolled himself as a pri- 
vate soldier in the New England Regi- 
ment, but President Polk sent him a 
Colonel's commission, and subsequently 
raised him to the rank of Brigadier- 
General in March, 1847. He was in 
most of the battles which were fought 
between Vera Cruz and the city of 
Mexico. On the restoration of peace 
between the two countries, he resigned 
his commission, and returned home, 
where he remained, comparatively un- 
observed, until the action of the Balti- 
more Democratic Convention gave him 
a new importance throughout the Union. 
He was nominated by that body as the 
Democratic candidate for the Presi- 
dency. He was elected President of 
the United States in November, 1852, 
was inaugurated March 4, 1853, and 
served to the end of his term, after which 
he retired to private life. The best bio- 
graphy of him was written by his per- 
sonal friend, Nathaniel Hawthorne. 

Pierce, Joseph. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Hamp- 
shire, during the years 1801 and 1802. 

Pierson, Isaac. — He was born 
August 15, 1770, and died September 
22, 1833, in New Jersey. He was edu- 
cated at Princeton College, graduating 
in 1789, and was subsequently a Fellow 
of the College of Surgeons and Physi- 
cians of New York. He practised medi- 
cine for forty years ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Jersey, 
from 1827 to 1831. 

Pierson, JTeretniah H, — He was 

born in Essex County, New Jersey, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1821 to 1823. 

Pierson, tToh. — He was a Eepre- 



294 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1831 to 1835. 

Fierson, Joseph. — He was a Ee- 

presentative in Congress, from North 
Carolina, from 1809 to 1815, and died 
October 27, 1834. 

Pike, Frederick A. — Born in Ca- 
lais, Maine, where he has always re- 
sided ; was for several years a member 
of the Maine Legislature, serving one 
term as Speaker of the House of Eepre- 
sentatives. He adopted the profession 
of law, and was for several years attor- 
ney for the county in which he lived. 
He was elected a Kepresentative, from 
Maine, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Naval 
Affairs. Ee-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Expenditures in the State 
Department, and a member of the Com- 
mittee on Naval Affairs. 

Fike, tTames. — He was born in 
Salisbury, Massachusetts, in November, 
1818 ; was educated at the Wesleyan 
University, in Connecticut ; was a mi- 
nister in the Methodist Episcopal Church 
from 1841 to 1854; and was elected a 
Eepresentative, from New Hampshire, 
in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth 
Congresses, and was a member of the 
Committee on Enrolled Bills. 

Filshury, Timothy. — He was 

born in Newbury, Massachusetts, April 
12, 1789; received a common school 
education ; spent two years as a clerk 
in a store, and several subsequent years 
as a sailor and coasting trader, making 
one trip to Europe as captain of a brig ; 
settled in Maine, and was appointed a 
member of the Executive Council ; also 
served in the State Legislature ; went 
from Maine to Ohio, thence to Louisi- 
ana, and finally to Texas ; he served a 
number of years in the Senate and 
House of Eepresentatives of Texas ; and 
when that Eepublic came into the Union 
he was elected a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1846 to 1849. He died near 
Danville, Texas, November 23, 1858. 

Finckney, Charles. — Born in 
Charleston, South Carolina, in 1758 ; 
was a patriot in the Eevolutionary 
struggle ; was taken prisoner, and sent 
to St. Augustine, Florida ; served in 
the Provincial Legislature ; was a mem- 



ber of the Provincial Congress in 1785; 
received the degree of LL.D. from 
Princeton College in 1787; and in 1787 
was a Delegate to the Convention which 
framed the Constitution of the United 
States. He was President of the State 
Convention which ratified the Federal 
Constitution ; and Governor of South 
Carolina, from 1789 to 1792, and from 
1796 to 1798. He was a Senator in 
Congress, from 1798 to 1801, and was 
appointed in 1802 Minister to Spain, 
by President Jefi'erson, holding that 
position till 1805. He was subsequently 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
1819 to 1821 ; served in the State Le- 
gislature in 1810 and 1812; and died 
October 29, 1824. 

Finckney, S. JL, — He was born in 
South Carolina, and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1833 to 1837. He was the founder of 
the Charleston Mercury, and died in 
Charleston, February 3, 1863. 

Finckney, Thomas. — He was a 

soldier of the American Eevolution ; 
was elected Governor of South Carolina 
in 1787 ; was appointed Minister to 
Great Britain by Washington ; and was 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from 1799 
to 1801. He died in 1828. 

Findell, tTames. — He was born in 
Virginia, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 
1820. 

Finkney, William. — Born in An- 
napolis, Maryland, March 17, 1765. 
Having prepared himself for the bar, 
under the instruction pf Judge Chase, 
he was admitted to practice in 1786, 
and immediately gave promise of high 
distinction. He was a member of the 
Convention which ratified the Federal 
Constitution, and from 1789 to 1792, 
was a Eepresentative in Congress ; and 
then a member of the Executive Coun- 
cil, and made its President. In 1795 
he was a member of the State Legisla- 
ture. In 1796 he was a Commissioner 
under Jay's treaty, in conjunction with 
Mr. Gore, and remained in London 
eight years. He recovered for Mary- 
land a claim on the Bank of England 
for $800,000. In 1806 he was Envoy 
Extraordinary to England, and in 1808, 
on the return of Mr. Monroe, was made 
Minister Plenipotentiary. He returned 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



295 



to the United States, and settled in 
Baltimore, in 1811, and was soon after 
a member of the State Senate. In De- 
cember, 1811, lie was appointed Attor- 
ney-General, and remained in that posi- 
tion until 1814. He commanded a 
battalion of riflemen, and was wounded 
at Bladensburg, in August, 1814. He 
was a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
1815 to 1816, and then made Minister 
to Kussia and Envoy to Naples. On 
his return in 1819, he was elected a 
member of the United States Senate, 
and continued in that station until his 
death, February 25, 1822. He possessed 
splendid talents, and was one of the 
most accomplished orators and states- 
men of his time. 

Piper, William. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1811 to 1819. 

Pitcher, Nathaniel. — He was born 
at Litchfield, Connecticut ; and was a 
naember of the New York Legislature 
in 1806, 1815, 1816, and 1817; a Dele- 
gate to the State Constitutional Con- 
vention of 1821 ; at one time Lieuten- 
ant-Governor and acting Governor of 
the State ; at another, Commissioner 
to survey the State roads ; and a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1819 to 1823, and again from 1831 
to 1833. 

Pitkin, Timothy. — BorninFarm- 
ington, Connecticut, in 1765, and gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1785. He 
was for several years a member of the 
State Legislature, and Speaker of the 
House during five sessions, and a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1805 to 
1819. In 1816 he published "A Sta- 
tistical View of the Commerce of the 
United States," and in 1828 his " Poli- 
tical and Civil History of the United 
States, from 1763 to the close of Wash- 
ington's Administration." He died in 
New Haven, December 18, 1847. 

Pitman, Charles TV, — He was 

born in New Jersey, and was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1849 to 1851. 

Plant, David, — Was a native of 
Stratford, Connecticut, and graduated 
at Yale College in 1804. In 1819 and 
1820 he was Speaker of the House of 
Representatives ; in 1821 a member of 



the State Senate, and was twice re- 
elected. From 1823 to 1827 he was 
Lieutenant-Governor of the State, and 
from 1827 to 1829 a Kepresentative in 
Congress. He died October 18, 1851. 

Plater, Thomas. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1801 to 1805. 

Piatt, Jonas. — Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of New York ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1799 to 1801, and died in 
Peru, Clinton County, New York, in 
1834. 

Pleasants, James. — Born in Vir- 
ginia, in 1769, and died in Goochland 
County, November 9, 1836. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from 1811 
to 1819, United States Senator, from 
1819 to 1822, Governor of Virginia, 
from 1822 to 1825, and a member of the 
Convention of 1829-30 for amending 
the State Constitution. He was twice 
appointed to the bench, but declined, 
from a distrust of his own qualifications. 
He was a man of rare modesty, greatly 
respected and esteemed for public and 
private virtues. 

Plumer, Arnold. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1837 to 1839, and 
again from 1841 to 1843. 

Plumer, George, — He was born 
in Alleghany County, Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1821 to 1827. 

Plutner, Williatn, — He was born 

at Newburyport, Massachusetts, June 
25, 1759 ; received a good education ; 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1787 ; was for many years So- 
licitor for the County of Rockingham ; 
he was for eight years a member of the 
State Legislature, and two years Speaker 
of the House ; served as a member, and 
President of the State Senate. He was 
also Governor of New Hampshire in 
1813, and from 1816 to 1819 ; and was a 
Senator in Congress, from that State, 
from 1802 to 1807. He died at Epping, 
New Hampshire, December 22, 1850. 

Plumer, William. — Born in Ep- 
ping, New Hampshire, in 1790, and 
died, September 18, 1854. He gradu- 



296 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



ated at Cambridge in 1809 ; studied law, 
but never practised bis profession. He 
frequently served in the State Legisla- 
ture, and was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1819 to 1825, — his father, 
whose name he bore, having been a 
United States Senator in 1802, from the 
same State. He was also a member of 
the Convention to form a new State 
Constitution, in 1850. 

Pluininer, Franklin E. — He was 

at one time a Judge of the Circuit 
Court of Mississippi, and a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1831 to 1833, and again from 1833 to 
1835. He died at Jackson, Mississippi, 
September 24, 1852. 

Poindexter, George. — He was the 

second Governor of Mississippi, under 
the State Constitution, from 1819 to 
1821 ; was a Delegate to Congress, from 
the Territory, from 1807 to 1813, when 
he was appointed Federal Judge of the 
Territory ; he was a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from 1817 to 1819, and United 
States Senator, from Mississippi, from 
1830 to 1835, serving for a time as 
President pro tern, of the Senate. He 
died in Jackson, Mississippi, September 
5, 1853. 

Poinsett, JToel M. — He was born 
in Statesburg, South Carolina, in 1779 ; 
spent the most of his youth in travelling 
in foreign countries ; was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from South Carolina, 
from 1821 to 1825 ; was appointed, by 
President John Quincy Adams, United 
States Minister to Mexico ; he was Sec- 
retary of War under President Van 
Buren ; and from 1840 until his death 
he lived in retirement. He was a man 
of letters, and among other things, 
wrote an interesting book on Mexico. 
He died in Statesbvirg, South Carolina, 
December 14, 1851. 

Polh, James Knox. — Born in 
Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 
November 2, 1795 ; removed with his 
father, in 1806, to Tennessee, and lived 
in the valley of Duck River, a branch 
of the Cumberland. He graduated at 
the University of North Carolina in 
1815 ; studied law in Tennessee with 
Felix Grundy, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1820 ; he was a member of 
the House ^of Kepresentatives in Con- 
gress, from 1825 to 1839, and Speaker ' 



in that body from 1835 to 1837 ; and 
was elected Governor of Tennessee, in 
1839, for two years. In December, 
1844, the Electors chose him President 
of the United States ; and during his 
eventful administration the Oregon ques- 
tion was settled, Texas annexed, war 
with Mexico declared, and New Mexico 
and California were acquired. He died 
at Nashville, Tennessee, June 15, 1849. 

Polk, Trusten. — He was born in 
Sussex County, Delaware, May 29, 1811 ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1831 ; stu- 
died law at the Yale Law School ; and 
in 1835 he emigrated to Missouri, where 
he commenced the practice of his pro- 
fession. In 1845, while absent from 
Missouri for the benefit of his health, 
he was elected a member of the Con- 
vention called to remodel the State Con- 
stitution ; in 1856 he was elected Go- 
vernor of Missouri, and inavigurated 
January, 1857, but soon resigned for a 
seat in the United States Senate, to 
which he was elected for the term of 
six years, from March 4, 1857. He was 
a member of the Committees on Foreign 
Affairs, and on Claims. 

Polk, Williayn H. — He was born 
in Maury County, Tennessee, May 24, 
1815 ; educated at Chapel Hill, North 
Carolina, and the University of Ten- 
nessee ; studied law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1839 ; in 1841 and 1843, he 
was elected to the State Legislature; 
was appointed, by President Tyler, 
Charg^ d'Aifaires to Naples, where he 
negotiated a treaty with the Two Si- 
cilies ; served as a Major of dragoons in 
the Mexican war ; was a Delegate to the 
Nashville Convention, in 1850 ; and a 
Kepresentative in Congress, from Ten- 
nessee, from 1851 to 1853. He was a 
brother of President Polk, and opposed 
to the Great Kebellion. Died at Nash- 
ville, December 16, 1862. 

Pollock, James. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania ; graduated at Princeton 
College in 1831 ; was a Judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas ; was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1843 to 1849; and Governor of 
Pennsylvania from 1855 to 1858. Was 
a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 
1861. 

Pomeroy, Samuel C — Was born 
in Southampton, January 3, 1816; spent 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



297 



his boyhood on his father's farm ; after 
receiving an academic education, he 
entered Amherst, and graduated in 
1836 ; spent four years in Onondaga, 
New York ; returned to his native town, 
and held various local offices; in 1851 lie 
was elected to the Massachusetts Legis- 
lature ; in 1854 he engaged in organiz- 
ing the New England Emigrant Aid 
Society, and became its financial agent; 
removed to Kansas the same year, and 
participated in its affairs ; was a mem- 
ber of the Territorial Defence Commit- 
tee ; a Delegate to the Pittsburg and 
Philadelphia Conventions in 1856 ; also 
to that of Chicago in 1860. During the 
famine in Kansas he was Chairman of 
the Relief Committee; and in 1861 he 
took his seat as a Senator in Congress, 
from Kansas, for six years, serving on 
the Committees on Pensions, Claims, 
and Territories. 

Pomeroy, TJieodore M. — Born 

in Cayuga, New York, December 31, 
1824; graduated at Hamilton College; 
adopted the profession of law ; was Dis- 
trict Attorney for Cayuga County from 
1850 to 1856; was a member of the State 
Legislature in 1857 ; and was elected a 
Representative, from New York, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs. Re- 
elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on Expenditures in the Post-office De- 
partment, and a member of the Com- 
mittee on Foreign Affairs. 

Pond, Benjamin. — He served 

four years in the Assembly of New 
York, from Essex County, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1811 to 1813. 

Pope, tTohn, — He was born in 
Prince William County, Virginia, in 
1770. Having lost one arm by accident, 
he determined to study law, and attained 
eminence at 'the bar; he removed to 
Kentucky, and served a number of 
years in the Legislature ; was a Senator 
in Congress, from that State, from 1807 
to 1813, officiating for a time as Presi- 
dent pro tern, of that body ; and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1837 to 
1843. In 1829 he was appointed Go- 
vernor of the Territory of Arkansas, 
and died in Kentucky, July 12, 1845. 

PopCf Nathaniel, — He was a Dele- 



20 



gate to Congress, from the Territory of 
Illinois, from 1816 to 1818, in which 
year he was appointed Register of the 
Land-office in Edwardsville, Illinois ; 
and was appointed, in 1819, Federal 
Judge of the Illinois District. 

Pope, Patrick H. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1833 to 
1835, and died at Louisville, Kentucky, 
in May, 1841. 

Ported', Albert G. — Born in Law- 
renceburg, Indiana, April 20, 1824; gra- 
duated at the Asbury University in 
1843 ; studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1845, settling at Indianapolis; 
in 1853 he was appointed Reporter of 
the Decisions of the Supreme Court of 
Indiana, publishing five volumes; served 
two terms as City Attorney of Indiana- 
polis ; was twice elected a member of 
the City Council ; and in 1858 he was 
elected a Representative, from Indiana, 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving 
on the Judiciary Committee. Re-elected 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
on the Committees on the Judiciary, and 
on Manufactures. 

Porter, Alexander. — Born in Ire- 
land in 1786 ; and his father having 
fallen a victim there during the disturb- 
ances of 1798, he emigrated to America, 
and settled at Nashville, Tennessee, as a 
clergyman. He soon engaged in com- 
merce, but afterwards studied law, and 
removed to Louisiana about the year 
1809, where he soon acquired distinc- 
tion. He assisted in forming the Con- 
stitution of the State, and became a 
Judge of the Supreme Court of Louisi- 
ana, serving as such for fifteen years ; 
and was a Senator in Congress, from 
1833 to 1837. He died at Attakapas, 
Louisiana, January 13, 1844. 

Porter, Augustus S. — Born in 

Canandaigua, New York, January 18, 
1798; graduated at Union College in 
1818 ; studied law as a profession, and 
practised for twenty years in Detroit, 
Michigan ; of which city he was chosen 
Mayor in 1838. He was a Senator in 
Congress, from Michigan, from 1840 to 
1845 ; and in 1848 he removed to Nia- 
gara Falls, the residence of his father, 
where he has since lived in retirement. 

Porter, Gilchrist. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Representative 



298 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



in Congress, from Missouri, from 1851 
to 1857. 

Porter, James. — He was a mem- 
ber of the New York Assembly in 1814 
and 1815, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 
1819. 

Porter, Jolm. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1806 to 1811. 

Porter, Peter B. — He was born in 
1773 ; a native of Salisbury, Connecti- 
cut ; and graduated at Yale College in 
1791. He completed his law studies at 
Litchfield, and emigrated to Western 
New York. He was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1809 
to 1813, and from 1815 to 1816. As 
Chairman of the Committee on Foreign 
Eelations, he reported the resolutions 
authorizing immediate and active pre- 
parations for war ; and in 1816 was ap- 
pointed Commissioner under the treaty 
of Ghent. In 1813 he was made Major- 
Gen eral, and chief in command of the 
State troops ; and in 1815 he received 
from President Madison the appoint- 
ment of Commander-in-chief of the 
United States Army, which he declined. 
Soon after the war he'was chosen Secre- 
tary of the State of New York. In 
1828 he was appointed Secretary of War. 
by President Adams. He died at Nia- 
gara Palls, March 20, 1844, aged seventy- 
one years. 

Porter, Timothy H. — He was 

born in New Haven, Connecticut ; 
served five years in the Assembly of 
New York, and also five years in the 
State Senate ; and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from New York, from 1825 
to 1827. 

Posey, Thomas. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Louisiana, from 
1812 to 1813. He died March 19, 1818. 

Post, tTotham. — Born in New 
York, a graduate of Columbia College, 
and a member of the New York As- 
sembly for four years, from the city of 
New York, and a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from 1813 to 1815, from his 
native State. 

Potter, Elisha 12.— He filled for 
forty years a large space in the political 



transactions of Ehode Island, having 
been for twenty-five years a member of 
the General Assembly, and a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1796 to 1797, and from 1809 to 1815. 
He was a man of superior talents, and 
died at South Kingston, Ehode Island, 
September 26, 1835. 

Potter, Elisha M., Jr. — He was 

born in Ehode Island ; graduated at 
Brown University ; served many years 
in both branches of the Legislature ; 
and was a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

Potter, Emery D. — He was born 
in Ohio, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 
1845, and again from 1849 to 1851. 

Potter, Joh%i F. — Born in Au- 
gusta, Maine, May 11, 1817; educated 
at Phillips's Academy, New Hampshire ; 
is a lawyer by profession ; was a mem- 
ber of the Legislature of Wisconsin in 
1856, and Judge of Walworth County, 
from 1842 to 1846, and elected a Eepre- 
sentative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Eevolutionary Pensions. He was 
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Eevolu- 
tionary Pensions. Elected also to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, and made 
Chairman of a special Committee on 
Government Employees, and also of 
that on Public Lands. He was a Dele- 
gate also to the Peace Congress of 1861. 
He was appointed Governor of Nevada 
Territory by President Lincoln, but 
declined, and was subsequently ap- 
pointed Consul-General of British North 
America. 

Potter, Robert. — Born in Gran- 
ville County, North Carolina. He en- 
tered the navy as a midshipman, but 
resigned this position, an4 studied law. 
He entered the State Legislature in 
1826,. and was in Congress, from 1829 
to 1831. He was a second time in the 
Legislature, but owing to an outrage 
that he committed upon the persons of 
two men, of whom he was jealous, he 
lost all political influence, and, remov- 
ing to Texas, was killed in a private 
brawl. 

Potter, Samuel I. — He was a Se- 
nator in Congress, from Ehode Island, 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



299 



during the years 1803 and 1804, having 
died October 29th of the latter year, 
aged iifty-four years. 

Potter, William W. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1837 to 1839, and died 
at Bellefonte, in that State, October 28, 
1839. 

Pottle, Emory B. — He was born 
in Naples, New York ; is a lawyer by 
profession ; was once in the Legislature 
of New York ; and was elected a Re- 
presentative in the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, from that State, serving on the 
Committee on Expenditures in the Navy 
Department. He was also re-elected to 
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Naval 
Affairs. 

Potts, David, Jr. — He was born 
in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 
1793, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1831 to 
1839. Died in 1863. 

Potts, Richard. — He was Go- 
vernor of Maryland during the years 
1781 and 1782; and a Senator in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1792 to 
1796, when he resigned. He received 
from Princeton College, in 1805, the 
degree of LL.D. 

Powell, Alfred H. — He was born 
in Loudon County, Virginia ; graduated 
at Princeton College ; studied law in 
Alexandria, Virginia ; settled in Win- 
chester, Virginia, in 1800 ; served in 
the State Legislature, and one or two 
State Conventions ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1825 to 1827. He died at Win- 
chester while arguing a cause in court 
in 1831, aged fifty years. 

Powell, Cuthbert. — He was at one 

time Mayor of Alexandria, in Virginia, 
and, on his removal to Loudon County, 
was elected to the Legislature ; was 
subsequently a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1841 to 1843. He died at 
LangoUen, Virginia, May 8, 1849. 

Potvell, Lazarus W. — Born in 
Henderson County, Kentucky, October 
6, 1812; graduated at St. Joseph's Col- 
lege, Bardstown, in 1833 ; studied law 
at the Transylvania University, and 



came to the bar in 1835, following his 
profession and carrying on a farm at 
the same time ; in 1836 he was elected 
to the Kentucky Legislature ; was a 
Presidential Elector in 1844 ; was Go- 
vernor of Kentucky from 1851 to 1855; 
and he was chosen a Senator in Con- 
gress for the long term commencing in 
1859, serving on the Committees on the 
Judiciary, Pensions, and Printing. 

Potvell, Levifi. — He was born in 
Loudon County, Virginia, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1799 to 1801. 

Powell, Paulus. — He was born in 
Virginia, and, having been elected a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, in 1849, continued in that capa- 
city to the close of the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Expenditures in the Navy 
Department, and that on Post-offices 
and Post-roads. 

Powell, Samuel. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Tennes- 
see, from 1815 to 1817. 

Poivers, Gershotn. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1829 to 1831. 

Poydras, fTulian. — He was a Dele- 
gate in Congress, from the Territory of 
Louisiana, from 1809 to 1812. 

Pratt, James T. — He was born in 
Middletownin 1805; was bred a farmer, 
which occupation he still follows ; has 
served in the Connecticut Legislature ; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1853 to 1855. He was also a Dele- 
gate to the Peace Congress of 1861. 

Pratt, Thomas G. — He was born 

in Washington City in 1800 ; was edu- 
cated at Princeton College ; was bred a 
lawyer ; was Governor of Maryland, 
from 1844 to 1848; and was a Senator in 
Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 
1857. He was also a Delegate to the 
Chicago Convention of 1864. 

Pratt, ZadocTc. — Was born at Ste- 
phentown, Rensselaer County, New 
York, October 30, 1790. He commenced 
in early life without means, but by his 
industry gained a large fortune. De- 
voting his attention to tanning, he at- 



300 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



tained eminent success in that branch 
of the mechanic arts, and his name will 
ever be associated with Prattsville, and 
that vast tannery, where, previous to 
the close of it, in 1846, he had tanned 
more than a million sides of leather. 
He was elected to Congress in 1836, and 
labored successfully for the public good. 
His career in Congress will be remem- 
bered for his eiforts in behalf of the re- 
duction of postage, his plans for the 
new Post-office buildings, and the Bu- 
reau of Statistics, which owes its origin 
to him. 

Prentiss, John H. — He was born 
in Massachusetts, and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1837 to 1841. 

Prentiss, Samuel. — He was born 
in Stonington, Connecticut, March 31, 
1782 ; removed with his father to Wor- 
cester, Massachusetts, and subsequently 
to Northfield, where he commenced the 
study of law. He completed his profes- 
sional studies in Brattleborough, Ver- 
mont, and commenced practice at Mont- 
pelier in 1803, where he soon attained 
success, and became one of the foremost 
men of the bar. In 1824 and 1825 he 
represented Montpelier in the State Le- 
gislature. In 1829 he was elected Chief 
Justice of the Supreme Court of the 
State, having several years before de- 
clined the office of Associate Justice of 
that Court. He was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from Vermont, from 1881 to 
1842. While Senator, he did much to 
effect the passage of the law against 
duelling in the District of Columbia. 
In 1842 he was appointed Judge of the 
Federal District Court in Vermont, 
which- office he held at the time of his 
death. He died in Montpelier, Ver- 
mont, January 15, 1857. 

Prentiss, Sergeant S. — Born in 

Portland, Maine, September 30, 1808, 
and died at Longwood, near Natchez, 
Mississippi, Juljr 1, 1850. He graduated 
at Bowdoin College in 1826, when, after 
studying law at Gorham, he removed 
to Mississippi, and passed two years as 
tutor in a private family. He studied 
law at Natchez, and on removing to 
Vicksburg, became from the start the 
leader of the bar in his adopted State, 
acquiring by his profession a large pro- 
perty. He entered into politics, was 
elected to the State Legislature in 1835, 



and in 1837 was chosen a Kepresentative 
in Congress, for the years 1838 and 1839. 
From that period until the close of his 
life he was devoted wholly to his pro- 
fession, appearing frequently in court 
at New Orleans ; and, as a jury orator, 
he was acknowledged as having no equal 
in the Southwestern States. 

Preston, Francis. — He was a mem- 
ber of Congress, from Virginia, from 
1793 to 1797, and died at Columbia, 
South Carolina, May 26, 1835, whither 
he had gone upon a visit to his son, the 
distinguished William C. Preston. He 
was in the seventieth year of his age. 

Preston, Jacob JL. — He was born 
in Maryland, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1845. 

Preston, William. — He was born 
near Louisville, Kentucky, October 16, 
1816 ; was liberally educated at St. Jo- 
seph College, Kentucky, in New Haven, 
and at Harvard University ; he settled, 
in the practice of law, at Louisville, and 
there remained until the Mexican war, 
when he went to Mexico as Lieutenant- 
Colonel of the Kentucky volunteers ; he 
served in the Convention called to frame 
anew the Constitution of Kentucky ; in 
1850 and 1851 he was elected to the 
State Legislature ; he was a Presiden- 
tial Elector in 1852, voting for Scott ; 
was a member of the Cincinnati Con- 
vention which nominated Mr. Bucha- 
nan in 1856 ; and was appointed, by 
President Buchanan, Minister to Spain. 
On his return, in 1861, he took part in 
the Rebellion, and was a Brigadier- 
General. 

Preston, William J5. — He was 

born in Virginia, and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1847 to 1849; and Secretary of the 
Navy, under President Taylor, in 1849 
and 1850. He took part in the Rebel- 
lion of 1861, as a member of the "Con- 
federate" Congress. He died in Mont- 
gomery County, Virginia, November 
16, 1862. 

Preston. William C. — Was born 
December 27, 1794, in Philadelphia, 
while his father was attending Congress 
at that place, as a member from Vir- 
ginia. His maternal grandmother was 
the sister of Patrick Henry. He was 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



301 



educated at the University of South 
Carolina. In 1812 he graduated, and 
returned to Virginia, where he studied 
law in the office of William Wirt, at 
Richmond. In 1816 he went to Eu- 
rope, and after visiting France, Eng- 
land, and Switzerland, resided for some 
time in Edinburgh, where he attended 
the lectures of Hope, Playfair, and 
Brown. In 1819 he returned to the 
United States, and being admitted to 
the bar in 1821, commenced the practice 
of law in Virginia. In 1822 he removed 
to Columbia, in South Carolina, where he 
continued the practice of his profession 
with great distinction and success. In 
1832 he was elected to the Senate of the 
United States, where he assumed a high 
position as a debater. In 1842 he re- 
signed his place in the Senate, and re- 
turned to the practice of his profession 
in South Carolina. In 1855 he became 
President of the University of South 
Carolina, which office he filled with 
great credit until he was forced to re- 
sign, in consequence of ill health, after 
which time he lived in retirement. 
Died at Columbia, South Carolina, Maj' 
22, 1860. 

Price, Hiram. — He was born in 
Washington County, Pennsylvania, Ja- 
nuary 10, 1814; is President of the 
State Bank of Iowa ; and in 1862 he was 
elected Representative, from Iowa, to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as 
Chairman of the Committee on Revo- 
lutionary Claims. 

Price, Rodman 31. — Born in Sus- 
sex County, New Jersey, November 5, 
1816. He attended Princeton College 
until his health compelled him to retire, 
and he devoted some attention to the 
study of law ; was appointed Purser in 
the Navy in 1840 ; is said to have been 
the first person to exercise judicial func- 
tions under the American flag on the 
Pacific Coast, as Alcalde ; in 1848 was 
made Navy Agent for the Pacific Coast ; 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
his native State, from 1851 to 1853 ; and 
subsequently elected Governor of New 
Jersey. He caused the establishment, 
in that State, of a Normal School, and 
has done much to improve the militia 
of the State. He was a Delegate to the 
Peace Congress of 1861. 

Price, Sterling. — He was born in 
Virginia ; was a Representative in Con- 



gress, from Missouri, from 1845 to 1847 ; 
and Governor of that State, from 1853 to 
1857. Was identified with the Great 
Rebellion of 1861 as a Major-General. 

Price, TJiomas L. — He was elected 
a Representative, from Missouri, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress. He was also 
a Delegate to the Chicago Convention 
of 1864. 

Prince, Oliver H. — He was a Se- 
nator in Congress, from Georgia, dur- 
ing the years 1828 and 1829, and died 
at sea, October 9, 1837. 

Prince, William. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Indiana, 
from 1823 to 1824, having died in Prince- 
ton, Indiana, before the expiration of 
his term, September 8, 1824. 

Pringle, Benjamin. — Born in 
Richfield, Otsego County, New York, 
November 9, 1807 ; received a good 
English and classical education ; studied 
law, and practised for several years, but 
relinquished the profession on being 
made President and financial officer of 
the Bank of Genesee, at Batavia. He held 
the office of Judge of the County Courts 
of Genesee for five years, and served 
one year in the State Assembly ; and he 
was elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-third and Thirty- 
fourth Congresses. 

Profflt, George H. — He was af Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Indiana, 
from 1839 to 1843; and in 1843 was 
United States Minister to Brazil. He 
died at Louisville, Kentucky, September 
5, 1847. 

Pruyn, John V. L. — He was born 
in Albany, New York ; was chiefly edu- 
cated at private schools, and received a 
degree at Rutgers College, New Jer- 
sey ; studied law, and came to the bar 
in Albany in 1832; in 1835 he was 
Counsel and Director of the Mohawk 
and Hudson Railroad, and subsequently 
became Treasurer of the New York 
Central Railroad Company ; he was also 
a Master in Chancery during the Go- 
vernorship of W. L. Marcy ; in 1844 
was made a member of the Board of Re- 
gents ; and in 1862 a Chancellor of the 
University of New York, and was a 
State Senator in 1862. At a special 
election in 1863 he was elected a Repre- 



302 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



aentative, from JSTew York, to the Thir- 
ty-eighth Congress, to fill the vacancy- 
caused by the resignation of Erastus 
Corning, serving on the Committee of 
Claims. 

Pry or, Jioger A. — Born in Din- 
widdle County, Virginia, July 19, 1828 ; 
graduated at Hampden Sidney College 
in 1845 ; adopted the profession of law, 
but relinquished the practice on account 
of his health ; in 1851 became an editor 
in Petersburg ; in 1852 connected him^ 
self with the Washington Union as a 
writer; in 1858 he joined the Richmond 
Enquirer ; in 1855 he was appointed by 
President Pierce a special Commissioner 
to Greece, to adjust certain difficulties 
with that country ; on his return he es- 
tablished a political journal called "The 
South," which stopped in eighteen 
months ; was connected for four months 
with the ' ' Washington States ; ' ' and was 
elected a Representative, from Virginia, 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as 
a member of the Committee on the Dis- 
trict of Columbia. He took part in the 
Rebellion as a member of the " Confe- 
derate" Congress, and also as a Briga- 
dier-General. 

Pugh, George Ellis. — Born in 
Cincinnati, Ohio, November 28, 1822; 
graduated at Miami University in 1840, 
and is a lawyer by profession. He was 
Captain of the Fourth Regiment of Ohio 
volunteers, in the Mexican war, in 1847 ; 
Re|yresentative in the Legislature in 
1848 and 1849 ; was appointed Solicitor 
to the City of Cincinnati, in 1850 ; was 
Attorney-General of the State in 1851 ; 
and elected a Senator in Congress, from 
March 4, 1855, for six years, and was a 
member of the Committees on Public 
Lands and on the Judiciary. 

Pugh, James L. — Born in Burke 
County, Georgia, in 1820 ; received an 
academical education ; adopted the pro- 
fession oflaw, and removing to Alabama, 
was elected a Representative, from that 
State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv- 
ing on the Committee on the Library. 
Resigned in February, 1861, to take part 
in the Rebellion of that year. 

Pugh, John, — He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1805 to 1809. 

Purdy, Smith M. — He was born 



in New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1845. 

Purviance, Satmiel A. — Born in 

Butler, Pennsylvania, November 8, 
1809. He was a student of Washington 
College, but did not graduate ; is a law- 
yer by profession, and has practised for 
twenty-five years ; was a member of the 
Convention to amend the State Consti- 
tution, in 1836, and served in the Legis- 
lature in 1838 and 1839 ; was a member 
of the Electoral College in 1848 ; and a 
Representative from Pennsylvania, in 
the Thirty-fifth Congress. He was a 
inember of the Committee on Public 
Buildings and Grounds. 

Purviance, Samuel D. — A mem- 
ber of Congress, from North Carolina, 
from 1803 to 1805. 

Puryear, Richard C. — He was 

born in Mecklenburg, Virginia, Febru- 
ary 9, 1801 ; received a good English 
education ; has spent the most of his life 
engaged in merchandizing and farming. 
In 1838, having removed to North Ca- 
rolina, he was elected to the Legisla- 
ture of that State ; in 1840 to the State 
Senate ; in 1844, 1846, and 1852, he was 
again chosen to the Legislature ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
North Carolina, from 1853 to 1857. He 
took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a 
member of the "Confederate" Congress. 

Putman, Harvey. — For many 

years a leading member of the Genesee 
County bar ; was elected several times 
to both branches of the New York Le- 
gislature ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 1847 
to 1851. He died in Attica, New York, 
September 21, 1855, aged sixty-two 
years. 

Quarles, James 31. — Born in 
Louisa County, Virginia, February 8, 
1823 ; removed with his father to Ken- 
tucky in 1833; received a common school 
education; adopted the profession of law; 
on removing to Tennessee, in 1846, he 
became Attorney-General of the Tenth 
District ; was a Presidential Elector in 
1852 ; and was elected a Representative, 
from Tennessee, to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on the 
Militia. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



303 



Quarles, TiinstalL—^e was born 
in Virginia ; was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Kentucky, from 1817 to 
1820, and was subsequently Koceiver of 
Public Moneys at Cape Girardeau, Mis- 
souri. 

Quincy, tfosiaJl. — Born in Boston, 
Massachusetts, February 4, 177'2. He 
graduated at Harvard in 1790, and en- 
tered on the practice of law in Boston. 
In 1804 he was chosen a Eepresentative, 
from Boston, in the Congress of tlie 
United States, and held that station 
eight successive years, until he declined 
a re-election in 1813. He was chosen 
State Senator, for Suffolk, from 1814 to 
1819; Representative, from Boston; and 
was Speaker of the House, in 1820 ; 
Judge of the Municipal Court, in Bos- 
ton, in 1821 ; and Mayor of that city in 
1823. He held the office of Mayor six 
successive years, until he declined a re- 
election, in December, 1828. In 1829 
he was chosen Presid»t of Harvard 
University, and held that office until 
his resignation in 1845. His published 
works are "Speeches in Congress, and 
Orations on Various Occasions," " Me- 
moir of Josiah Quincy, Jr., of Massa- 
chusetts," " Centennial Address on the 
Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Set- 
tlement of Boston," "A History of Har- 
vard University, from 1G36 to 1836," 
" Memoir of James Grahame, Historian 
of the United States Army," "Memoir 
of Major Samuel Shaw," " History of 
the Boston Atlieneeum," "A Municipal 
History of the Town and City of Bos- 
ton, from 1630 to 1830. " Died in Boston, 
July 1, 1864. 

• Quittnan, JoJin A. — He was born 
in Khinebeck, Dutchess County, New 
York, September 1, 1799; had a liberal 
education ; studied theology, but pre- 
ferred the law, and in his twentieth 
year was a Professor of Law in Mount 
Airy College, Pennsylvania. In 1820 
he emigrated to Ohio, and was admitted 
to the bar of that State, but soon after- 
wards removed to Natchez, Mississippi. 
In 1827 he was elected to the State Le- 
gislature ; in 1828 was appointed Chan- 
cellor of the State, serving three years ; 
in 1835 he was elected to the State Se- 
nate, and as President of that body was 
called upon to perform the duties of 
Governor ; in 1836 he distinguished him- 
self as a soldier and leader in behalf of 
Texas against Mexico ; in 1839 he visited 



Europe on business for the Mississippi 
Eailroad ; on his return was appointed 
Judge of the High Court of Errors and 
Appeals ; he served with distinction in 
the Mexican war; had ahorse shot from 
under him at Monterey ; commanded at 
Victoria; was at Vera Cruz and Ojo 
Del Agua ; commissioned, by the Pre- 
sident, Major-General in the army ; he 
also acquitted himself with great credit 
at Chapultepec ; he was Governor of 
Mississippi in 1850 ; and in 1855 he was 
elected a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from Mis.sissippi, and re-elected in 1857, 
serving both terms at the head of the 
Committee on Military Affairs. By 
virtue of his experience and strict in- 
tegrity he ever commanded the respect 
of all, and the kindness of his heart and 
amiable manners won for him troops of 
friends among all parties. He was spo- 
ken of on two occasions as the Demo- 
cratic candidate for Vice-President, and 
was the recognized leader of those favor- 
able to the annexation of Cuba. He died 
at his residence, in Mississippi, July 17, 
1858. 

Radfoi'd, Willia/in. — Was born 
in Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, New 
York, June 24, 1814 ; received a good 
common school education ; settled in 
New York City in 1829, and was for a 
long time engaged in mercantile pur- 
suits ; and in 1862 he was elected a Ee- 
presentative, from New York, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Public Buildings and 
Grounds. 

Ramsay, Aleocatider. — He was 

born near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 
and was a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1848 to 1847. He 
was educated at Lafayette College ; 
served as a Presidential Elector in 1840 ; 
was Clerk of the Pennsylvania House 
of Eepresentatives in 1841 ; and was the 
first Territorial Governor of Minnesota, 
serving from 1849 to 1853. In 1863 he 
was elected a Senator in Congress, from 
Minnesota, for the term ending in 1869, 
serving on the Committee on Post-offices 
and Post-roads. 



Ramsay, Robert. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1833 to 1835, and again from 1841 to 
1843. 



304 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Ramsey, William,.— ^om at Ster- 

rett's Gap, Cumberland County, Penn- 
sylvania, September 7, 1779. In 1803 
he was appointed Surveyor of his na- 
tive county, an office held by his father 
during the Revolution ; and he also held 
the offices of Prothonotary, Eegister, 
Recorder, and Clerk of the Orphans' 
Court ; studied law, and practised with 
success. In 1826 he was elected a mem- 
ber of Congress, from Pennsylvania ; 
re-elected in 1828 and 1830, and died in 
September, 1881, at Carlisle, Pennsyl- . 
vania. 

Ramsey, William S. — Born in 
Carlisle, Pennsylvania, June 12, 1810 ; 
was educated at Dickinson College, but 
on account of bad health, did not gra- 
duate ; he travelled in Europe ; was an 
attach^ to the American Legation in 
London, and formed the acquaintance 
of Walter Scott and General Lafayette ; 
returning to Carlisle, he was admitted 
to the bar in 1832 ; elected a Represen- 
tative to Congress, in 1838; re-elected 
in 1840, but died in Baltimore, October 
17, 1840, a few weeks after his election. 

Randall, Alexander. — He was 

born in Maryland, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1841 to 1843. 

Randall, Benjainin. — He was 

born in Massachusetts in 1789; gradu- 
ated at Bowdoin College in 1809 ; stu- 
died law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1814, and commenced practice in 
Bath, Maine, where he resided forty-five 
years. He was a member of the State 
Senate in 1833, and a Representative in 
Congress, from Maine, from 1839 to 
1843, and a member of the Committee 
on Invalid Pensions. He was appoint- 
ed by President Taylor, Collector of 
the Port of Bath, and died at that place, 
October 14, 1857. 

Randall, Samuel J. — Was born 
in Philadelphia in 1828 ; educated in 
that city ; was brought up a merchant, 
and has ever been engaged in that pur- 
suit ; served four years in the Councils 
of his native city ; one term in the State 
Senate ; and in 1862 he was elected a 
Representative, from Pennsjdvania, to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Public Buildings and 
Grounds. 



Randall, William H. — Was born 
in Kentucky ; studied law, and came to 
the bar in 1835 ; in 1836 was appointed 
Clerk of the Circuit and County Court 
of Laurel County, which position he 
held until 1851 ; after the adoption of 
the State Constitution, held the office 
one year by election ; and was elected a 
Representative, from Kentucky, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Poreign Affairs. 

Randolplx, James F. — Born in 

Middlesex County, New Jersey, June 
26, 1791; received a common school 
education ; served an apprenticeship to 
the printing business, and became editor 
of the "Fredonia," a weekly newspaper, 
in 1812, and continued in that capacity 
for thirty years. He was appointed 
Collector of the Internal Revenue of 
the United States in 1815, and held that 
office till the close of the war in Texas. 
He was subsequently Clerk of the Court 
of Common Pifeas for the County, and 
for two years a member of the State 
Legislature. He was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1828 to 1833, and was 
afterwards President of a bank in New 
Brunswick, New Jersey, for ten years. 

Randolph, JToJm, of Roanoke. 

— He was born in Chesterfield, Vir- 
ginia, June 2, 1773, and claimed descent 
through his grandmother, from Poca- 
hontas, the daughter of Powhatan, the 
great Indian chief. His father died in 
1775, leaving three sons and a large 
estate ; and his mother was married in 
1783 to St. George Tucker, who was his 
guardian during his minority. His 
early life was spent at different places, 
under different instructoi-s, of most of 
whom he said "he never learned any- 
thing." He passed a short time at 
Princeton College, Columbia College, 
and at William and Mary College ; and 
for a time he studied law with Edmund 
Randolph. He was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, in 1799, and he con- 
tinued a member of the House of Re- 
presentatives, with the exception of two 
intervals of two years each, until 1829 ; 
in that year he was a member of the 
Convention to revise the Constitution 
of Virginia, and he was afterwards ap- 
pointed Minister Plenipotentiary to 
Russia, by President Jackson, in 1830. 
During one of the intervals alluded to, 
from 1825 to 1827, he was a Senator of 
the United States. He was never mar- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



305 



ried, and was possessed of a large estate 
on the Roanoke. He died at Philadel- 
phia, May 24, 1833, while about to de- 
part for Europe for the restoration of 
his feeble health. He was distinguished 
alike for his genius, his effective elo-' 
quence, and for many eccentricities of 
thought and manner. 

Randolph, Joseph Fitz.—Bovw 
in 1808, in New Jersey, and obtained 
an ordinary school education , after which 
he studied law, and was licensed to prac- 
tise in 1825; he settled at Monmouth 
Court-house, and was appointed State's 
Attorney for the County. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from 1837 
to 1843, and during one term he was 
Chairman of the Committee on Revolu- 
tionary Claims. In 1844 he was a mem- 
ber of the Convention which framed 
the State Constitution; and in 1845 was 
appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court 
of New Jersey, for seven years, after 
which he resumed the practice of his 
profession at Trenton, where he now 
resides. He was also a member of the 
Peace Congress of 1861. 

Randolph, Thomas 31.— He was 

a native of Virginia ; Governor of that 
State ; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1803 to 1807, and died at 
Monticello, June 20, 1828. 

Rankin, Christopher. — He was 

born in Washington County, Pennsyl- 
vania, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Mississippi, from 1819 to 
1826. Died March 14, 1826, in Wash- 
ington City. 

Rantoal, Robert. — Born in Be- 
verly, Massachusetts, May 13, 1805. He 
graduated at Harvard University in 
1826 ; studied law ; was admitted to the 
bar in 1827, and settled in practice in 
South Reading, and removed to Glou- 
cester in 1832; was elected to the State 
Legislature in 1834, and in 1837 a mem- 
ber of the Masssachusetts Board of Edu- 
cation. In 1838 he removed to Boston, 
and in 1843 was appointed Collector of 
that port ; in 1845 was appointed, by 
President Polk, United States District 
Attorney for Massachusetts ; in 1851 
succeeded Mr. Webster in the United 
States Senate, but remained there only 
a short time ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1851 to the time of 
his death, which occurred at Washing- 



ton, August 7, 1852. His writings have 
since been published in a large volume. 

Rariden, JTanies. — He was a na- 
tive of Kentucky, and was an early 
settler of the White Water Valley, 
Indiana ; he was self-educated, and be- 
came eminent as a lawyer. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from In- 
diana, from 1887 to 1841, and died at 
Cambridge City, in that State. 

Rathbnn, George. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1847. 

Rayner, Kenneth. — Born in Ber- 
tie County, North Carolina, in 1808 ; 
received an academical education; and 
though he studied law, he did not prac- 
tise. He entered public life, in 1835, as 
a member of the House of Commons, 
and the same year was a member of the 
Convention to revise the State Constitu- 
tion. He served again in the local Le- 
gislature in 1836 and 1888, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 1839 
to 1845. In 1846 he went for the third 
time into the Legislature. 

Rea, John. — He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1803 to 1811, and again from 1813 
to 1815. 

Read, Aim on H. — He was born in 
Vermont in 1790; graduated at Wil- 
liamstown College ; studied law, and 
removing to Pennsylvania, was fre- 
quently elected to the State Legisla- 
ture ; in 1840 was appointed Treasurer 
of the State ; and in 1841 was elected to 
fill a vacancy in the National House of 
Representatives. Died at Montrose, 
Pennsylvania, June 3, 1844. 

Read, George. — Born in Cecil 
County, Maryland, in 1734, but, with 
his father, removed to New Castle 
County, Delaware. He was educated 
for the law, and was admitted to the 
bar in Philadelphia, at the age of nine- 
teen, and practised his profession in 
New Castle ; was made Attornej'-Gene- 
ral of the three lower counties oii the 
Delaware, in 1763, and held the office 
until he was chosen a Delegate to Con- 
gress, in 1775. In 1776 he was a signer 
of the Declaration of Independence. He 
was President of the Convention which 



306 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



formed the first Constitution of Dela- 
ware, and also a member of the Conven- 
tion which framed the Federal Consti- 
tution, and was elected a member of the 
United States Senate, serving from 1789 
to 1793. He was then appointed Chief 
Justice of the Supreme Court of Dela- 
ware, in which office he remained until 
his death, in 1798. 

JRead, Jacob. — He was elected a 
Senator in Congress, from South Caro- 
lina, for the term from 1795 to 1802, 
serving a short time as President pro' 
tern, of that body, and was appointed, 
by President Adams, Judge of the 
United States District Court of South 
Carolina, in 1801. 

JRead, Nathan. — Born in Esses 
County, Massachusetts, in 1760; gra- 
duated at Harvard University in 1781, 
and two years afterwards officiated as 
tutor in that institution. He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, from 1800 to 1803 ; and having 
removed to Hallowell, Maine, was for 
many years Judge of the Court of Com- 
mon Pleas. He was devoted to science, 
and a petitioner for a patent for an in- 
vention, before the patent laws were 
enacted; and before the time of Ful- 
ton's experiments, he had tried the ef- 
fect of steam upon a boat in Wenham 
Pond. He died at Hailowell, January 
20, 1849. 

Read, Thomas B. — He was a Se- 
nator in Congress, from Mississippi, from 
1826 to 1827, and also during the session 
of 1829, and died suddenly on his way 
to Washington, at Lexington, Ken- 
tucky, November 26, 1829. He was in 
the meridian of life and a man of ta- 
lents. 

Meade, Edwin G. — Born in Or- 
ange County, North Carolina, Novem- 
ber 13, 1812 ; he had a liberal educa- 
tion ; studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1836, in Person County, and 
engaged in a lucrative practice. He 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, in 1855, serving until 1857. 

Ready, Charles. — Born at Eeady- 
ville, Rutherford County, Tennessee, 
December 22, 1802. He graduated at 
Greenville College, and received from 
the Nashville University the degree of 
Master of Arts. He was bred a lawyer, 



and has practised his profession with 
success. He was a member of the Ten- 
nessee Legislature in 1835, and closely 
identified with the organization of the 
Judiciary. By special commission he 
has twice presided in the Supreme Court 
of Tennessee, and was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
in 1853, to which position he has been 
twice re-elected, and was a member of 
the Committee on the Judiciary. 

Reagan, John H. — Born in Sevier 
County, Tennessee, October 8, 1818 ; 
a lawyer by profession ; was appointed 
Deputy Surveyor in the Republic of 
Texas, in 1840 ; and in 1843 was a Jus- 
tice of the Peace and militia Captain ; 
in 1846, Probate Judge and Colonel of 
militia; and elected a member of the 
Legislature in 1847 ; was a Judge of the 
District Court from 1852 to 1857, when 
he was elected a member of the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
tees on Indian Atfairs, and Expenditures 
in the Post-office Department. Re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress. 
Resigned in February, 1861, and be- 
came Postmaster-General of the Rebel 
government. 

Reding, John R. — He was born 

in New Hampshire, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1841 to 1845. From 1853 to 1858 
he held the office of Naval Storekeeper, 
at Portsmouth. 

Reed, Charles M.—Tia was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1843 to 1845. 

Reed, Edward €. — He was a na- 
tive of New York ; graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in 1812 ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1831 to 1833. 

Reed, Isaac. — Born in Waldobo- 
rough, Maine, in 1810; was a merchant 
by occupation ; and a Representative in 
Congress, from Maine, from 1852 to 
1853. He served six years in the State 
Legislature ; was State Treasurer in 
1856 ; and President of the Waldobo- 
rough Bank. 

Reed, John. — Born in Plymouth 
County, Massachusetts ; graduated at 
Yale College in 1772 ; was ordained as 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



307 



.a minister of the Gospel in 1780, and 
settled at West Bridgewater, Massachu- 
setts. He was a Representative in Con- 
stress, from that State, from 1795 to 
1801. He died February 17, 1831, aged 
eighty years. 

Reed, John. — He was a native 
of Bridgewater, Massachusetts, having 
been born in 1781 ; was a graduate of 
Brown University, in 1803 ; a lawyer by 
profession ; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, trom 1813 to 
1817, and again from 1821 to 1841. He 
was the son of the foregoing, aiad was 
Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts, 
from 1845 to 1851. Died at Bridge- 
water, November 25, 1860. 

Reed, Philip. — He was born in 
Kent County, Marj'land, and was a 
Senator in Congress, from Maryland, 
from 1806 to 1813, and a Representative 
in Congress, from 1817 to 1819, and 
again from 1821 to 1823. He died No- 
vember 2, 1829. 

Reed, Robert J2.— He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1849 to 1851. 

Reed, WilUatn. — He was a native 
of Massachusetts, an eminent merchant, 
and highly esteemed for his benevolent 
and religious character. He was a mem- 
ber of Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1811 to 1815 ; was President of the 
Sabbath-school Union of Massachusetts, 
and of the American Tract Society ; 
Vice-President of the American Edu- 
cation Society ; a member of the Board 
of Visitors of the Theological Seminary 
at Andover, and of the Board of Trus- 
tees of Dartmouth College. Besides 
liberal bequests to heirs and relatives, 
he left $68,000 to benevolent objects, of 
which $17,000 were to Dartmouth Col- 
lege, $10,000 to Amherst College, $10,- 
000 to the Board of Commissioners for 
Foreign Missions, $9000 to the First 
Church and Society in Marblehead, 
$7000 to the Second Congregational 
Church of Marblehead, and $5000 to the 
Library of the Theological Seminary at 
Andover. He died at Marblehead, Fe- 
bruary 18, 1837, very suddenly, while 
attending a Sabbath-school meeting. 

Reese, David A. — He was born in 
South Carolina, and was a Representa- 



tive in Congress, .from Georgia, from 
1853 to 1855. 

Reid, David S. — Born in Rocking- 
ham County, North Carolina, April 19, 
1813. He studied law, and was admit- 
ted to practice in 1843 ; he was elected 
to the State Legislature in 183-5, and 
served continuously until 1842. In 
1843 he was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from North Carolina, serving 
that term ; and was re-elected in 1845 
for a second term ; he was, in 1850, 
elected Governor of North Carolina, 
and), re-elected in 1852, serving until 
1855, when he was elected a Senator in 
Congress. He was Chairman of the 
Committee on Patents and the Patent- 
otSco, and a member of the Committee 
on Commerce. He was also elected a 
Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. 

Reid, John W. — "Was born in 
Lynchburg, Virginia, June 14, 1821 ; 
received a good English education ; re- 
moved to Missouri in 1840 ; studied law 
and came to the bar in 1844 ; served 
with credit in the Mexican war in 1846, 
as Captain of a company of mounted 
volunteers, with Colonel Doniphan ; 
settled in Jackson County, practising 
his profession ; served two sessions in 
the Missouri Legislature ; and was elect- 
ed a Representative, from Missouri, to 
the Thirty-seventh Congress. Expelled 
from the House in December, 1861. 

Reid, Robert R. — He was born in 
Beaufort District, South Carolina, in 
1789 ; removed early in life to Georgia; 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1818 to 1823; was 
elected Mayor of Augusta, on his re- 
tirement from Congress ; was also a 
Judge of the Superior Court of Georgia; 
was appointed, in 1832, by President 
Jackson, District Judge for Eastern 
Florida ; and was appointed, by Presi- 
dent Van Buren, Governor of the Ter- 
ritory of Florida ; and was a member of 
the Convention which formed a State 
Constitution for Florida, over which 
body he presided in a creditable manner. 
He died near Tallahassee, July 1, 1841. 

Reilly, Wilson. — Born in Penn- 
sylvania ; followed for a time the busi- 
ness of a hatter ; and was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, in 1857, from 
Pennsjdvania, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Patents. Of late 



308 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



years, he has heen devoted to the prac- 
tice of law. 

Iteily, Luther. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1837 to 1839. 

Helfe, James H. — He was born in 
Virginia, and, having settled in Mis- 
souri, was elected a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1848 to 
1847. 

Mencher, Abraham. — Born in 
Wake County, North Carolina, and in 
1822 graduated at the University of that 
State. He practised law for a time, but 
taking an interest in politics, was elected 
to Congress, where he served from 1829 
to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1842 ; 
Cuarge d'Affaires to Portugal in 1843 ; 
and he was appointed, by President Bu- 
chanan, Governor of the Territory of 
New Mexico. 

Meynolds, Gideon. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1847 
to 1851. 

Reynolds, James S. — He was a 

Kepresentative in Congress, from Ten- 
nessee, from 1815 to 1817, and again 
from 1823 to 1825. 

Meynolds, JoJin. — He was born in 
Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, 
February 28, 1788 ; and was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Illinois, 
from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 
to 1843. Before entering Congress he 
was Governor of Illinois, from 1880 to 
1834. 

Meynolds, John JHT.— Born in Mo- 
reau, Saratoga County, New York, June 
21, 1819 ; received his education at the 
academies of Evansville, Sandy Hill, 
and Kinderhook, New York, and was 
also at Bennington, Vermont; stu- 
died law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1843; in 1853 was appointed Post- 
master at Albany by President Pierce, 
but removed in 1854 for insubordination 
as a party man ; and in 1858 was elected 
a Representative, from New York, to 
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on the Ju- 
diciary. 



Reynolds, Joseph. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1835 
to 1887. He also served in the Assem- 
bly of that State, in 1819. 

Rhea, John. — He was a Kepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Tennessee, 
from 1803 to 1815, and from 1817 to 
1823. In 1816 he was appointed United 
States Commissioner to treat with the 
Choctaws. 

Rhett, Robert IB. — He was born in 
Beaufort, South Carolina, December 24, 
1800 ; received a liberal education, and 
adopted the profession of law ; in 1826 
he was elected to the State Legislature, 
and in 1832 he was elected Attorney- 
General of South Carolina ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 1838 
to 1847, and for a second term, ending 
in 1849 ; and was a Senator in Congress 
during the years 1850 and 1851, having 
resigned, contrary to the wishes of his 
State. He is said to have been the first 
man who proposed, and advocated on 
the floor of Congress, a dissolution of 
the Union. Of late years he has lived 
wholly retired from public life, on an 
extensive plantation. He took part in 
the Rebellion of 1861, as a member of 
the "Confederate" Congress. 

Ricaud, James B. — Born in Bal- 
timore, Maryland, February 11, 1808 ; 
graduated atWashington College, Mary- 
land, and is a lawyer by profession ; was 
a member of the House of Delegates of 
Maryland, in 1834, and of the State Se- 
nate of Maryland, from 1886 to 1844, 
inclusive ; was an Elector of President 
and Vice-President in 1836 and 1844 ; 
and a Kepresentative in the Thirty- 
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serv- 
ing on the Committee on Manufactures, 
and also that for Investigating the Ac- 
counts of the late Clerk of the House. 
In 1864 he resigned his seat in the Mary- 
land Senate, and was appointed Judge 
of the Circuit Court. 

Rice, Alexander H. — Born in 
Newton, Massachusetts, in August, 
1818 ; received a common school educa- 
tion ; served in his father's paper mill 
as a clerk while yet a mere boy ; subse- 
quently graduated at Union College in 
1844, after which he entered on his own 
account into the paper business ; in 1853 
was elected to the Common Council of 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



309 



Boston, and became the President of 
that body ; was Mayor of Boston in 1856 
and 1857 ; and was elected a Represen- 
tative, from Massachusetts, to the Thir- 
ty-sixth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on the District of Columbia ; 
re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, serving on the Committees on 
Naval Aflairs, and on Expenditures in 
the Treasury Department ; re-elected 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
as Chairman of the Committee on Naval 
Aflairs. 

Rice, Henry 31. — He was born in 
Vermont, November 29, 1816 ; emi- 
grated to Michigan when it was a Ter- 
ritory, and since that time has lived in 
three other Territories, viz., Iowa, "Wis- 
consin, and Minnesota, much of his life 
having been spent among the wild In- 
dian tribes of the Northwest ; in 1840 
he was appointed a sutler in the army ; 
has been employed as Commissioner in 
making many Indian treaties of great 
importance ; in 1853 he was elected a 
Delegate to Congress, from Minnesota ; 
re-elected in 1855, having secured the 
passage of the act authorizing the peo- 
ple of Minnesota to form a State Con- 
stitution ; and in 1857 he was elected a 
Senator in Congress, from Minnesota, 
for the term of six years. At the com- 
mencement of the second session of the 
Thirty-fifth Congress, he was appointed 
a member of the Committees on Indian 
Aflairs, and on Post-offices and Post- 
roads. 

Mice, fJohti H. — Born in Mount 
Vernon, Kennebec County, Maine, Feb- 
ruary 5, 1816 ; received a good common 
school education; between the years 
1832 and 1838 he held a variety of local 
oifices at Augusta ; devoted some atten- 
tion to the study of law ; served as a 
stafl' officer during the troubles con- 
nected with the Northeastern boundary ; 
in 1810 was appointed Deputy Sherifl" 
of Kennebec County ; in 1842 settled in 
Piscataquis County, and devoted him- 
self to the lumbering business until 
1848 ; subsequently practised law ; in 
1852 was elected a State Attorney for 
three years ; and, having been re-elect- 
ed, held the office until he was chosen a 
Representative, from Maine, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
Committees on Revolutionary Claims, 
and on Patents. Re-elected to the Thir- 
ty-eighth Congress, serving as Chair- 



man of the Committee on Public Build- 
ings and Grounds, and a member of the 
Committee on the Territories. 

Mice, Thomas. — He graduated at 
Harvard University in 1791 ; adopted 
the profession of law ; was in the State 
Legislature in 1813 ; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1815 to 1819 ; and died in 1854. 



Mich, Charles. — He was born in 
Hampshire County, Massachusetts, in 
1771, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Vermont, from 1813 to 1815, 
and again from 1817 to 1824. He died 
at Sherburne, Vermont, October 15, 
1824. 

Michard, Gabriel. — He was a Ro- 
man Catholic priest, and a man of learn- 
ing. He was born at Saintes, in France, 
October 15, 1764; was educated at An- 
glers ; received orders at a Catholic 
seminary in Paris, in 1790; came to 
America after the commencement of 
the French Revolution ; labored in Illi- 
nois as a missionary ; was for a time 
Professor of Mathematics in St. Mary's 
College, Maryland ; went to Detroit, 
Michigan, in 1798, whence he was sent 
as a Delegate to Congress, in 1823. He 
died in Detroit, September 13, 1832, 
aged sixty-eight years. During his mi- 
nistry, it became his duty, according to 
the Roman Catholic religion, to excom- 
municate one of his parishioners, who 
had been divorced from his wife. The 
parishioner prosecuted the priest for 
defamation of character, which resulted 
in his obtaining a verdict of $1000. 
This money the priest could not pay, 
and was consequently imprisoned in the 
common jail ; as he had already been 
elected a Delegate to Congress, he went 
from his prison, in the wilds of Michi- 
gan, to his seat on the floor of Congress. 
In 1809 he visited Boston, and took a 
printing-press to Michigan, and started 
a journal called the " Michigan Essay," 
which failed for the want of readers ; 
he then published some Catholic books, 
and the laws of the Territory, all in 
French ; in 1812, after Hull's surrender, 
was taken prisoner, and after his re- 
lease, finding his people destitute, pur- 
chased wheat and gave it to the desti- 
tute. He wrote several languages, and 
was a man of superior ability and rare 
benevolence. 



310 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Michards^ Jacob.— Tie was a Ee- 

presentative m Con2;ress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1803 to 1809. 

Michards, John. — He was a Ee- 

presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1795 to 1797. 

Richards, tToJm.—iie was a mem- 
ber of the New York Assembly in 1814 
and 1815, and a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1823 to 
1825. 

Richards, Mark. — He was born 
in New Haven, Connecticut, and was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from Ver- 
mont, from 1817 to 1821. He was also 
a member of the State Legislature for 
eight years ; County Sheriff for five 
years ; a State Councillor in 1813 and 
1815 ; and Lieutenant-Governor of Ver- 
mont in 1830. 

Richards, Matthias. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1807 to 1811. 

Richardson, John P. — He gra- 
duated at the South Carolina College 
in 1819 ; was a Judge ; a member of 
the House of Eepresentatives, in Con- 
gress, from South Carolina, from 1837 
to 1840 ; Governor of that State from 
1840 to 1842 ; and died in South Caro- 
lina in 1850. 

Richardson, John S. — Born in 
South Carolina in 1777, and died at 
Charleston, May 11, 1850. He was an 
Associate Judge of the General Sessions 
and the Common Pleas, and Presiding 
Judge of the Court of Appeals ; and 
was elected a member of Congress in 
1820, but owing to some exigency in 
his priva.te affairs, he was not qualified. 
He was also a member of the State 
Legislature, and Attorney-General for 
the State. 

Richardson, Joseph. — Born at 
Billerica, Massachusetts, February 1, 
1778; graduated at Dartmouth College 
in 1802 ; and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Massachusetts, from 
1827 to 1831. He was senior Pastor 
over the First Church at Hingham, 
Massachusetts, for fifty years. 

Richardson, William A. — Born 
in Fayette County, Kentucky ; gradu- 



ated at the Transylvania University ; 
studied law, and came to the bar before 
attaining his twentieth year, and soon 
after settled in Illinois. In 1835 he 
was elected State Attorney ; in 1836 a 
member of the State Legislature ; in 
1838 he was elected to the State Senate ; 
and in 1844 was again elected to the 
Legislature, and made Speaker of the 
House. In 1846 he served as Captain 
in the Mexican war, and on the battle- 
field of Buena Vista was promoted by 
the unanimous vote of his regiment ; in 
1847 he was elected a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Illinois, where he con- 
tinued to serveby re-election until 1856, 
when he resigned ; in 1857 he was ap- 
pointed, by President Buchanan, Go- 
vernor of Nebraska, which he resigned 
in 1858 ; in 1860 he was, against his 
consent, re-elected to the llouse of Ee- 
presentatives, but before the expiration 
of his term in 1863, was elected a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Illinois, for the 
unexpired term of his friend, S. A. 
Douglas, serving on the Committees 
on Territories, and the District of Co- 
lumbia. 

RicJiardson, William M. — He 

was born at Pelham, New Hampshire, 
January 4, 1774, and graduated at the 
University of Cambridge in 1797. He 
practised law for a few years at Groton, 
Massachusetts, and was a member of 
Congress from 1811 to 1814. He re- 
moved to Portsmonth, New Hampshire, 
in 1814, and was appointed Chief Jus- 
tice in 1816; and he discharged the 
duties of the office with high reputation 
nearly twenty-two years. He was a 
man of distinguished talents, great in- 
dustry, and extensive acquirements, and 
highly respected for his integrity and 
estimable character. He was the author 
of " The New Hampshire Justice," and 
" The Town OtBcer." A considerable 
portion of the first and second volumes 
of the New Hampshire Eeports were 
drawn up by the Chief Justice ; nearly 
all the cases of the third, fourth, and 
fifth were furnished by hini ; and of the 
matter for, perhaps, four volvimes more, 
he prepared a large share. He died at 
Chester, New Hampshire, March 23, 
1838. 

Richmond, Jonathan. — He was 

born in Bristol, Massachusetts, in 1774 ; 
was one of the pioneers to Western New 
York in 1813 ; was once Collector of 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



311 



the Customs for the United States ; and 
a Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1819 to 1821. He died in 
Cayuga, New York, July 29, 1853. 

Middle, Albert G. — He was born 
in Massachusetts, and elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Ohio, to the Thirtj^- 
seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Revolutionary Claims. 

Middle, George iJ.— He was born 
in New Castle, Dehiware, in 1817 ; edu- 
cated at Delaware College ; studied sur- 
veying, and was engaged for years in 
locating canals and roads in Pennsyl- 
vania, Maryland, and Virginia ; he stu- 
died Uiw, and w'as admitted to the bar 
in 1848 ; he was soon afterwards ap- 
pointed Deputy Attorney-General for 
his native county, which lie held until 
1850 ; and he was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Delaware, from 
1851 to 1855. He was also a Delegate 
to the several National Conventions of 
1844, 1848, and 1856. In 1864 he was 
elected a Senator in Congress, in the 
place of J. A. Bayard, resigned, for the 
term ending in 1869. 

Midgeley, Henry M. — Born in 
1778; a Lawyer by profession, and for 
many years was a distinguished member 
of the Delaware bar. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Delaware, 
from 1811 to 1815 ; and supplied a va- 
cancy as Senator in Congress, from 1826 
to 1829. He died at his residence in 
Dover, Delaware, August 7, 1847. 

Midgway, Joseph. — He was born 
on Staten Island, New York, May 6, 
1783 ; received a limited education, and 
acquired the trade of a house carpenter. 
In 1811 he emigrated to Cayuga County, 
New York, and devoted himself to 
making fanning mills ; and in 1^2 set- 
tled in Columbus, Ohio, and established 
an extensive iron foundry, which sub- 
sequently became an establishment for 
manufacturing railroad carriages. In 
1828 he was elected to the Legislature 
of Ohio, and re-elected in 1830 ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1837 to 1843. He failed in 
business in 1811, and though exonerated 
by the bankrupt law, he thought proper, 
in 1857, to pay up his old debts, at the 
rate of two dollars for one ; and of 
seventy creditors, he only found four 
living, so that he had to hunt up and 



pay the heirs, which occupied four 
months of his time. 

Miggs, Jetlir M, — Born in Morris 
County, New Jersey, June 20, 1809 ; 
studied niedicine, and graduated at the 
Barclay Street Medical University of 
New York. In 1828 he made an ex- 
tensive sea-voyage over the world ; prac- 
tised his profession from 1832 to 1849; 
served two years in the New Jersey 
Legislature ; spent one or two years in 
charge of the hospital at Sutter's Fort, 
California ; in 1855 was elected for three 
years to the Senate of New Jersey ; and 
in 1858 was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Manufac- 
tures. 

Miggs, Letvis. — "Was born in New 
York, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. 

Miker, Samuel. — He was a mem- 
ber of the New York Assembly in 1784, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1804 to 1805, and again 
from 1807 to 1809. 

Minggold, Samuel. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Mai-y- 
land, from 1810 to 1815, and again from 
1817 to 1821. 

Mijjley, Eleazar W. — He gradu- 
ated at Dartmouth College in 180U ; stu- 
died law, and settled in the District of 
Maine ; was Speaker of the Massachu- 
setts House of Representatives in 1811; 
acquitted himself with credit as an 
officer in the last war with England ; 
removed to Louisiana, whence he was 
elected to Congress, serving from 1835 
to the time of his death, which occurred 
at New Orleans, March 2, 1839, aged 
fifty-seven years. 

Mijiley, James W. — He was a 

lawyer ; served four years in the Legis- 
lature of Maine ; was an oflScer in the 
late war with England, and a member 
of Congress, from Maine, from 1826 to 
1830, when he was appointed Collector 
of Customs for the Passamaquoddy Dis- 
trict of Maine. He died in June, 1835. 

Misley, Elijah. — He was born in . 
Connecticut, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from New York, from 1849 
to 1851. 



312 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Mitchey, Hioruas. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and having settled in 
Ohio, was elected a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 
1849, and again from 1853 to 1855. 

Jtitchie, David. — He was born at 
Canonsburg, "Washington Countj^ 
Pennsylvania, August 19, 1812 ; gradu- 
ated at Jefferson College in 1829 ; ad- 
mitted to the bar, at Pittsburg, in 1835 ; 
received the degree of S.W.D. from the 
University of Heidelberg, Germany, in 
1837 ; and has been a Representative, ' 
from Pittsburg, in the Thirty-third, 
Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-fifth Con- 
gresses, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Foreign Affairs. 

Hitter^ John. — He was a Repre- 
sentative m Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1843 to 1847, and died in 
Reading, Pennsylvania, November 24, 
1851. 

Hirers, Thomas. — He was born 
in Tennessee, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from 1855 to 1857. 

Hives, Francis E. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1837 
to 1841. 

Hives, William C. — He was born 
in Nelson County, Virginia, May 4, 
1793 ; was educated at Hampden Sid- 
ney and "William and Mary Colleges ; 
studied law and politics under the direc- 
tion of Thomas Jefferson ; was aide-de- 
camp in 1814 and 1815 with a body of 
militia and volunteers, called out for 
the defence of Virginia ; and was a 
member, in 1816, of the Staunton Con- 
vention, called to reform the State Con- 
stitution. He was elected to the Legis- 
lature of Virginia in 1817, 1818, and 
1819, from Nelson County ; in 1822 to 
the same position from Albemarle 
County ; in 1823 he was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, and he served 
for three successive terms ; in 1829 he 
was appointed by President Jackson 
Minister to Prance ; on his return in 
1832 he was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress, and resigned in 1834 ; was re- 
elected in 1835, and served to the end of 
the term, in 1839 ; in 1840 was elected 
to the Senate for a third term, where he 
remained until 1845. In 1849 he was a 
second time appointed Minister to 



France, and returned in 1853, when he 
finally retired from political life. He 
has also added to his reputation by pub- 
lishing a History of the Life and Times 
of James Madison. He took part in the 
Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the 
so-called Confederate Congress, having 
previously been a Delegate to the Peace 
Congress of that year. 

Roane, John. — He was born in 
Virginia, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1815 to 
1817, from 1827 to 1831, and for a third 
term, from 1835 to 1837. 

JRoane^ John J. — He was a Repre- 
sentative m Congress, from Virginia, 
his native State, from 1831 to 1833. 

JRoane, John T. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1809 to 1815. 

Moane, William U. — Born in 

Virginia in 1788 ; was twice elected a 
member of the Executive Council of 
that State ; once a Delegate to the Ge- 
neral Assembly ; a Representative in 
Congress, from 1815 to 1817; and a Se- 
nator of the United States, from 1837 
to 1841. He died at Tree Hill, near 
Richmond, Virginia, May 11, 1845. 

Mohhins, Asher. — Born in We- 
thersfield, Connecticut, in 1757, and 
graduated at Yale College. He was a 
lawyer by profession, was United States 
District Attorney in 1812 ; held many 
other important public positions, and 
was a leading Senator in Congress, from 
Rhode Island, from 1825 to 1839. He 
was also a member of the Rhode Island 
Legislature for many years. Died at 
Newport, Rhode Island, February 25, 
1845. 

Mohhins, George It. — Born near 
Allentown, Monmouth County, New 
Jersey, September 24, 1812 ; graduated 
at the Jefferson Medical College, Phila- 
delphia, in 1837, and pursued the prac- 
tice of medicine until his election to the 
House of Representatives, during the 
Thirty-fourth Congress, and was re- 
elected to the Thirty-fifth, and was a 
member of the Committee on Invalid 
Pensions. 

Mohhins, Jolm, Jr. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



313 



tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1849 to 1855. 

Moberts, Anthony E. — Born in 
Chester County, Pennsylvania, Octo- 
ber, 1803, but removed with his parents 
to Lancaster County in his infancy. He 
received a common school education, 
and commenced life as a merchant. In 
18-39 he was elected Sheriff: of Lancaster 
County, and held the office till 1842. 
In 1849 he was appointed by President 
Taylor Marshal of the Eastern District 
of Pennsylvania, and remained in that 
position until 1853, and collected the 
statistics for the Seventh Census of that 
District. He was a Kepresentative in 
the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re- 
elected to the Thirty-fifth, and was a 
member of the Committee on the Mi- 
litia. 

Roberts, Jonathan. — Born in 
1771, and early in the present century 
was elected to both branches of the Le- 
gislature of Pennsylvania ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1811 to 
1814, and an advocate of the war of 
1812. From 1814 to 1821 he was a Se- 
nator of the United States; and in 1841 
he was appointed Collector of the Port 
of Philadelphia bv President Harrison. 
He died in Philadelphia, July, 1854. 

Roberts, Robert W. — He was 

born in Delaware, and having settled 
in Mississippi, was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1843 to 1847." 

Robertson, George, — Born in 
Mercer County, Kentucky, November 
18, 1790, and completed his education 
in Transylvania University. He studied 
law, and commenced practice in 1809. 
In 1816 he was elected a Representative 
in Congress, and served from 1817 to 
1821. He was a member of the Legis- 
lature, and Speaker of the House four 
sessions, ending in 1827. In 1828 he 
was Secretary of State, and the same 
year chosen Judge of the Court of Ap- 
peals, and in 1829 commissioned Chief 
Justice of Kentucky, which position he 
resigned in 1843, and resumed the prac- 
tice of law in Lexington in 1835. He 
was Professor of Law in Transylvania 
University for twenty-three years, and 
is still engaged in teaching law. He has 
repeatedly declined important offices, in- 
cluding missions to Colombia and Peru. 



Robertson, John. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1834 
to 1839. 

Robertson, T7iotnas J5.— He was 

a Representative in Congress, from 
Louisiana, from 1812 to 1818, having 
been the first member elected under the 
State Constitution. 

Robie, Reuben. — He was born in 

Vermont, and, having settled in New 
York, was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 
1853. 

Robinson, Christopher. — He was 

elected a Representative, from Rhode 
Island, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on the Judiciary. 

Robinson, Edivard. — He was a 

shipmaster and merchant; served two 
years in the Maine Senate ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Maine, 
during the years 1838 and 1839. In 
1840 he was a Presidential Elector ; and 
died February 20, 1857, aged sixty-one 
years. 

Robinson, James C. — "Was born 
in Edgar County, Illinois, in 1822; 
served as a private in the Mexican war ; 
studied law and came to the bar in 
1854 ; was elected a Representative, 
from Illinois, to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, and re-elected to the Thirty- 
seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on Mileage, and as a member of the 
Committee on Expenditures in the State 
Department. 

Robinson, John L. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Indiana, from 1847 
to 1853. 

Robinson, John M. — He was born 
in 1793, and was one of the early set- 
tlers of Illinois ; and one of the Judges 
of the Supreme Court of that State. He 
was a Senator in Congress, from 1830 to 
1842, and died at Ottawa, Illinois, April 
26, 1848. 

Robinson, Jonathan. — He was 

appointed Chief Justice of Vermont in 



21 



314 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



1801, in the place of Judge Smith, who 
resigned, and in 1806 was elected to 
succeed Mr. Smith as Senator in Con- 
gress, serving from 1807 to 1815. He 
died at Bennington, November 3, 1819, 
aged sixty-four. 

Robinson, Hoses. — He was Go- 
vernor of Vermont, having succeeded 
Mr. Chittenden, in 1789. He was a 
member of the Senate of the United 
States under the administration of 
Washington, from 1791 to 1796, when- 
he resigned. He was one of the mi- 
nority wlio were opposed to the ratifi- 
cation of Jay's Treaty. He died at 
Bennington, May 26, 1813, aged se- 
venty-two. 

Robinson, Orville. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1845. He also served four years in 
the Assembly of New York, from Os- 
wego County. 

Robinson, Thomas. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from Dela- 
ware, from 1839 to 1841, and died in 
Sussex County, of that State, October 
28, 1843. 

Robison, David F. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1855 to 1857. 

Rochester, Williatn R. — He was 

born in Washington County, Mary- 
land, and was a man of legal acquire- 
ments, much respected for his abilities, 
and a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1821 to 1823. He sub- 
sequently held the ofiice of Circuit 
Judge in New York. He was lost, 
with many others, off the coast of North 
Carolina, by the explosion of the steamer 
Pulaski, June 15, 1838. 

Rockhill, William. — He was born 
in New Jersey, and, having settled in 
Indiana, was elected a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1847 
to 1849. 

Rockwell, John A. — Bom in Nor- 
wich, Connecticut, in 1804; graduated 
at Yale College in 1822 ; studied law, 
which he practised with ability and 
success ; was twice elected to the State 
Senate ; was at one time Judge of the 



County Court for New London County ; 
and was a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from Connecticut, from 1845 to 1849, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on Claims. He subsequently practised 
in the Court of Claims, and was the 
author of a work on Spanish law. Died 
in Washington of apoplexy, February 
10, 1861. 

Rockwell, tlulins. — Born at Cole- 
brook, Litchfield County, Connecticut, 
April 26, 1805. Entered Yale College 
in 1822, and graduated in 1826 ; studied 
law at the New Haven Law School, and 
was admitted to the bar in Litchfield 
County, in 1829, commencing practice 
in 1830, at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. 
He was a member of the House of Ee- 
presentatives of Massachusetts, from 
1834 to 1838, and was Speaker, from 1835 
to 1838, and in that year was appointed 
Bank Commissioner, and held the office 
three years. He was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from 1847 to 1851, and 
United States Senator for two sessions, 
to succeed Mr. Everett. In 1853 he was 
a member of the Convention to revise 
the Constitution of Massachusetts ; and 
in 1858 was again elected to the House of 
Eepresentatives of that State. 

Rodger s, tfames. — He was born 
in South Carolina; graduated at the 
University of that State in 1813 ; adopt- 
ed the profession of law ; and was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1835 to 1837, and again from 
1839 to 1843. 

Rodman, William. — Born in 
Bensalem, Bucks County, Pennsylva- 
nia, October 7, 1757, his parents being 
of the Society of Eriends. He received 
a liberal education ; served in the Ee- 
volutionary war as a soldier ; under the 
call from Washington, he raised and 
commanded a company, during the 
"Whiskey Insurrection" in Western 
Pennsylvania ; he was, for many years, 
in the Legislature of his native State ; 
and he was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1811 to 1813. He died at 
the place of his birth, July 27, 1824. 

Rodney, CmsarA. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Delaware, 
from 1803 to 1805. He was appointed 
Attorney-General of the United States, 
by President Jeiferson ; and in 1812 com- 
manded a company of volunteers in de- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



315 



fence of Baltimore; again a Kepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Delaware, from 
1819 to 1821 ; and a Senator of the Uni- 
ted States, from 1821 to 1823, in which 
year he was appointed United States 
Minister to Buenos Ayres, where he 
died June 10, 1824. 

Rodney, Daniel. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from the State 
of Delaware, from 1822 to 1823, and a 
Senator in Congress, from 1826 to 1827. 

Modney, George B. — He was born 
in Delaware ; graduated at Princeton 
College in 1820, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from his native State, 
from 1841 to 1845. He was a Delegate 
in 1861 to the Peace Congress of Wash- 
ington. 

Rogers, Andrew «/. — He was born 
in Hamburg, Sussex County, New Jer- 
sey, July 1, 1828 ; received a limited 
education ; spent the most of his youth 
as an assistant in a hotel and in a coun- 
try store ; taught school for two years 
and a half, during which time he stu- 
died law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1852; and in 1862 he was elected a 
Representative, from New Jersej^, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Public Expenditures. 

Rogers, Charles. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1845. He also served in the Assem- 
bly of New York, from Washington 
County, in 1833 and 1837. 

Rogers, Edward. — He was born 
in Connecticut; received a classical edu- 
cation, studied law, and settled in Madi- 
son County, New York. He was, for 
many years. County Judge ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1843 to 1845. He died in 
Galway, Saratoga County, New York, 
May 23, 1857, aged seventy years. 

Rogers, Sion H. — He was born in 
North Carolina, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1853 to 1855. 

Rogers, Thomas J. — He was born 
in Waterford, Ireland, and came to this 
country when three years of age ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1818 to 1824, and died in 



New York City, December 7, 1832, aged 
iifty-one years. 

Rollins, Edward H. — He was 

born in Somersworth, now Rollingford, 
Strafford County, New Hampshire, Oc- 
tober 3, 1824; received an academical 
education, and for a short time taught 
school ; was devoted for several years to 
mercantile pursuits, first as a clerk and 
then as an apothecary ; was a member 
of the State Legislature in 1855, 1856, 
and 1857, serving as Speaker during the 
last two years; was chosen Chairman of 
the State Republican Committee in 1856, 
which position he held until he entered 
Congress ; elected a Representative, from 
New Hampshire, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
the District of Columbia ; and re-elected 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
as Chairman of the Committee on Ac- 
counts. 

Rollins, JTanies Sidney. — Was 

born in Madison County, Kentucky, 
April 19, 1812; graduated at the State 
University of Indiana, at Bloomington, 
in 1830; studied law, and graduated at 
the Transylvania Law School, in Ken- 
tuckj', in 1833 ; and soon afterwards 
settled in Boone County, Missouri. In 
1838 he was elected to the State Legis- 
lature, and re-elected in 1840 and 1842; 
in 1846 he was elected to the State Se- 
nate, and served four years ; in 1854 he 
was again elected to the Legislature ; in 
1857 he was defeated as the Whig can- 
didate for Governor by two hundred 
and thirty votes, 100,000 having been 
polled, though manj" thought him legally 
elected ; in 1860 he was elected a Re- 
presentative, from Missouri, to the Thir- 
ty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
Committees of Commerce and on Ex- 
penditures in the War Department. 
He was re-elected in 1862 to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Naval Aifairs. 

Roman, James D. — He was born 

in Maryland ; was educated a lawyer ; 
was a Presidential Elector on two occa- 
sions ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1847 to 
1849. He is at the present time Presi- 
dent of the Hagerstown Bank. He was 
also a Delegate to the Peace Congress 
of 1861. 

Roosevelt, James J.— Born in the 



316 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



city of New York, December, 1796 ; 
was educated at Columbia College ; stu- 
died law with Peter Augustus Jay, and 
was for several years his partner. In 
1835 and 1840 he was a member of the 
State Legislature, and in 1842 and 1843 
was a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
New York City. He declined a re-elec- 
tion, and went abroad in 1843. On his 
return he retired from the practice of 
law to private life ; but was induced to 
accept the appointment of Judge of the 
Supreme Court of the State in 1851. He 
was also for several years in early life a 
member of the city government. 

Root, Erastus. — Born in Hebron, 
Connecticut, March 16, 1772; graduated 
at Dartmouth College in 1793 ; after 
which he taught school for some time, 
and then studied law and settled in De- 
laware County, New York, in 1796. He 
was a Representative in the Assembly 
eleven years ; Speaker of the House 
three years ; State Senator eight years ; 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
1803 to 1805, from 1809 to 1811, 1812 to 
1813, 1815 to 1817, in which year he was 
appointed Postmaster at Delhi, New 
York, and was re-elected to Congress, 
from 1831 to 1833. In 1822 he was cho- 
sen Lieutenant -G-overnor of the State, 
and he was also Major-General of mili- 
tia. He died in New York City, De- 
cember 24, 1846. His intellect and 
tastes were highly cultivated. 

Moot, JToseph M. — Born in Ca- 
yuga, New York, October 7, 1817 ; 
read law at Auburn, and removed to 
Ohio in 1829; was appointed Prosecuting 
Attorney in that State ; in 1840 chosen 
to the State Senate ; and served as a 
Representative in Congress, from 1845 
to 1851. He was for a time Chairman 
of the Committees on the Post-office, 
and Expenditures in the Treasury De- 
partment. 

Hose, Rohert L. — Born in Geneva, 
New York, October 12, 1804 ; is a far- 
mer by occupation ; has held the office 
of Supervisor for the town of Allen's 
Hill ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1847 to 
1851. 

Rose, Rohert R. — He was born in 
Henrico County, Virginia ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from the 
State of New York, from 1823 to 1827, 



and again from 1829 to 1831. He died 
at Waterloo, New York, November 24, 
1835, aged sixty-three years. 

Ross, Henry H. — He was born in 

Essex County, New York, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1825 to 1827. 

Ross, (Tames, — Born about the year 
1761, in Pensylvania. He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from 1794 to 1803, 
serving during one session as President 
p7^o tern, of that body, and died at his 
residence, near Pittsburg, November 27, 
1847. 

Ross, tTohn. — He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1809 to 1811, and again from 1815 

to 1818. 

Ross, Lewis W. — He was born in 
Seneca County, New York, December 
8, 1812 ; removed with his father to 
Illinois when a boy ; was educated at 
the Illinois College ; adopted the pro- 
fession of law. In 1840 and 1844 he 
was elected to the State Legislature ; 
was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; 
and a Delegate in 1860 to the Charles- 
ton and Baltimore Conventions. In 
1861 was elected to the State Constitu- 
tional Convention ; and in 1862 was elect- 
ed a Representative, from Illinois, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Invalid Pensions. 

Ross, Thomas. — He was a native 
of Pennsylvania ; graduated at Prince- 
ton College in 1825; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1849 to 1853. 

Ross, Thomas R. — He was born in 
Chester County, Pennsylvania, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1819 to 1825. 

Rowan, John. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, in 1773 ; emigrated to 
Kentucky when quite young ; he was a 
member of the Convention which form- 
ed the Constitution of 1799 ; he was Se- 
cretary of State in 1804 ; elected a mem- 
ber of Congress, from 1807 to 1809 ; for 
many years a member of the General 
Assembly ; Judge of the Court of Ap- 
peals in 1819 ; and was a Senator in 
Congress, from 1825 to 1831. His last 
public position was that of Oommis- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



317 



sioner for carrying out a late treaty with 
Mexico. He died in Louisville, Ken- 
tucky, July 13, 1843. 

Itotve, Peter. — He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1853 to 1855. 

Royce, Homer E. — He was born 
in Berkshire, Vermont, in 1819 ; re- 
ceived a common school education ; stu- 
died law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1842 ; was a member of the State Le- 
gislature in 1846 and 1847 ; was Prose- 
cuting Attorney for the State in 1848 ; a 
State Senator in 1849, 1850, and 1851 ; 
and was elected a Representative, from 
Vermont, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Foreign Affairs. He was also re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the same Com- 
mittee. 

Ruffln, Thomas. — Born in Edge- 
combe County, North Carolina ; gradu- 
ated at Chapel Hill University ; is a 
lawyer by profession, and served as Cir- 
cuit Attorney of the Seventh Judicial 
Circuit of the State of Missouri, from 
December, 1844, to December, 1848 ; 
and was elected a Representative, from 
North Carolina, to the Thirty-third, 
Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty- 
sixth Congresses, serving as a member 
of the Committees on Public Lands, on 
Accounts, and on the Militia. He took 
part in the Rebellion of 1861, as a mem- 
ber of the Rebel Congress, having pre- 
viously been a Delegate to the Peace 
Congress of 1861. He also served as a 
Colonel in the Southern army, and from 
the effects of a wound, died at Alexan- 
dria, Virginia, in October, 1863. 

Riif/ffles, Benjamin. — Born in 

Windham County, Connecticut. He 
obtained the means for receiving a clas- 
sical education by teaching a school in 
winter. He studied law, and after his 
admission to the bar removed to Mari- 
etta, Ohio ; he subsequently settled at 
St. Clairsville ; and in 1810 was elected 
President Judge of the Court of Com- 
mon Pleas for the Third Circuit. He 
was elected, by the Legislature, a Sena- 
tor of the United States, from Ohio, 
serving from 1815 to 1833 ; and from 
his well-known habits of industry and 
constant devotion to the interests of his 
clients, he was called " The Wheel- 



horse of the Senate." From his youth 
he was a member of the Masonic fra- 
ternity. He died at St. Clairsville, Sep- 
tember 2, 1857, aged seventy-four years. 

Haggles , Charles H. — He was 

born in Litchfield County, Connecticut, 
and was a member of the New York 
Assembly in 1820 ; a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1821 
to 1823, and also Judge of the Supreme 
Court of New York. 

Rnggles, tTohn. — Born in West- 
boro, Massachusetts; was well educated, 
but possessed a taste for the mechanic 
arts ; and was a Senator in Congress, 
from Maine, from 1835 to 1841, and a 
member of the Committee on Com- 
merce. He took a special interest in, 
and was the originator, when in Con- 
gress, of the idea of a reorganization 
of the Patent-oflice, and the very first 
patent granted after the reorganization, 
July 28, 1836, was granted to him for a 
locomotive steam-engine. He was nine 
times elected to the Maine Legislature, 
and officiated as Speaker three years ; 
and from 1835 to 1841 was Judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas. 

Maggies, Nathaniel. — He was a 

native of Massachusetts ; graduated at 
Harvard University in 1781 ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from Mas- 
sachusetts, from 1813 to 1819, and died 
at Roxbury, Massachusetts, December 
19, of the latter year, aged fifty-eight 
years. 

Rumsey, David.— Re was born in 
New York, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 
1851. 

Rumsey, Edtvard. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1837 
to 1839. 

RunJi', Johti. — He was born in New 
Jersey, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 
1847": 

Rusk, Thomas J. — He was born 
in South Carolina ; studied law, and 
practised with success in Georgia. In 
the early part of 1835 he removed to 
Texas, and was a prominent actor in all 
the important events in the history of 



318 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



the Kepublic and the State of Texas. 
He was a member of the Convention 
that declared Texas an independent Ee- 
public, in March, 1836; was the first 
Secretary of War : participated in the 
battle of San Jacinto, and took com- 
mand of the army after General Hous- 
ton was wounded. He continued in 
command of the army until the organi- 
zation of the Constitutional Govern- 
ment, in October,- 1836, when he was 
again appointed Secretary of War, 
and resigned after a few months. He- 
afterwards commanded several expedi- 
tions against the Indians ; served as a 
member of the House of Kepresenta- 
tives, and as Chief Justice of the Su- 
preme Court, which last office he re- 
signed early in 1842. In 1845 he was 
President of the Convention that con- 
summated the annexation of Texas to 
the United States. Upon the admis- 
sion of Texas into the Union in 1845, 
he was elected one of the Senators in 
the Congress of the United States, in 
which office he served two terms, and 
was elected for the third term. He was 
Chairman of the Committee on the Post- 
office. He took a deep interest in the 
wagon-road to the Pacific, and the over- 
land mail. At the time of his death, 
which occurred in Nacogdoches, Texas, 
July 29, 1856, he was President, ^wo 
tem.^ of the Senate. In a moment of 
insanity, caused by overwhelming grief 
at the death of his wife, he took his own 
life, aged fifty-four. 

Muss, John. — He was a %iative of 
Ipswich, Massachusetts, and was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from Connec- 
ticut, from 1819 to 1823. He died at 
Hartford, Connecticut, June 22, 1832, 
aged sixty-eight years. 

Mussell, David.— B^e was born in 
Massachusetts, and was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from New York, from 
1835 to 1841, serving" as Chairman of 
the Committee on Claims. He was also 
in the Assembly of that State, in 1816 
and 1830, from Washington County, 
and District Attorney for Northern 
New York. Died at Salem, Washing- 
ton County, New York, November 24, 
1861, aged sixty-one years. 

Mussell, James M. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1842 to 1843. 



Mussell, Jeremiah. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1845. 

Mussell, John.— Be was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1805 to 1809. - 

Mussell, Jotiathan. — He was ap- 
pointed Minister Plenipotentiary to 
Sweden in 1814, and was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1821 to 1823. Died February 16, 
1832. His birthplace was Middlesex 
County, Massachusetts. 

Mussell, Joseph. — He was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1845 to 1847, and from 1851 
to 1853. 

Mussell, Sa^nuel. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Kepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1853 to 1855. 

Mussell, William. — He was born 
in Ireland, and having emigrated to 
Ohio, was a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1827 to 1833, and 
again from 1841 to 1843. 

Mussell, William F. — Born in 

Saugerties, Ulster County, New York; 
was a merchant for twenty years, and a 
member of the Legislature of New 
York, in 1850, serving one term ; was 
elected a Kepresentative, from New 
York, in the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Indian 
Aftairs. 

Must, Albert. — He was born in Vir- 
ginia, and removing to Arkansas, was a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1855 to 1857, and again 
from 1859 to 1861, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Koads and Canals. He took 
part in the Rebellion of 1861, and was 
a Brigadier-General. 

Mutherford, John.— Tie was a na- 
tive of New York City ; a nephew of 
William Alexander, Earl of Stirling ; 
graduated at New Jersey College in 
1776 ; was educated a lawyer ; was one 
of the first Presidential Electors, and a 
Senator of the United States, from New 
Jersey, from 1791 to 1798 ; and was the 
last survivor of the Senators in Con- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



319 



gress during the administration of 
Washington. He early retired from 
public life, and. being one of the largest 
landholders in New Jersey, was actively 
engaged in agricultural and internal 
iinprovements. He died at Ederston, 
New Jersey, February 23, 1840, in the 
eightieth year of his age. 

Rutherford, Robert. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1793 to 1797. 

Rutledge, John. — He was born in 
Ireland in 1739; emigrated to South 
Carolina ; studied law in England, and, 
returning to South Carolina in 1761 , 
took an active part in the Revolutionary 
cause, and was a Delegate to the Con- 
tinental Congress. In 1776 he was ap- 
pointed President of South Carolina, 
andCommander-in-chief of that Colony, 
having also been a member of the Con- 
vention of 1774. He was Governor of 
the State in 1779 ; Chancellor of the 
State in 1784 ; a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1797 to 1803; and, after 
having been Judge of the Court of 
Chancery, Chief Justice of South Caro- 
lina, and Judge of the Supreme Court of 
the United States, was finally promoted 
to the position of Chief Justice, in which 
capacity he died January 23, 1800. 

Ryall, D. JB. — He was born in 
Trenton, New Jer.sey; adopted the pro- 
fession of law ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1839 to 1841. 

Sabin, Alvah. — He was born in 
Georgia, Vermont, October 23, 1793; 
was educated for the ministry ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1853 to 1857. He served 
ten years in the State Legislature ; and 
was Secretary of State for Vermont, in 
1841. 

Sabine, Lorenzo. — He was born 
in Lisbon, New Hampshire, February 
28, 1803 ; was entirely self-educated ; 
was bred a merchant ; was for many 
years a bank officer ; and was for some 
time Secretary of the Boston Board 
of Trade. He was three times elected 
to the Legislature of Maine, from East- 
port, and was at one time Deputy Col- 
lector of the port of Passamaquoddy. 
He has held, in Massachusetts, the po- 
sition of Confidential Agent of the Trea- 



sury Department ; and was a Represen- 
tative, from that State, to the Thirty- 
second Congress. He has devoted much 
of his time to literary pursuits, and is 
the author of a " Life of Commodore 
Preble," "The American Loyalists," 
" Report on the American Fisheries," 
and "Notes on Duels and Duelling," 
and has been a contributor to the North 
American Review. The degree of A.M. 
was conferred upon him by Bowdoin" 
and Harvard Colleges. 

Sackett, William A. — Born in 

New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1853, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Revolutionary Pensions. 

Sage, Ebenezer. — He graduated at 
Yale College in 1778, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1809 to 181o, and again from 1819 
to 1820. He died in 1834. 

Sage, Rttssell. — Born in Oneida 
County, New York, August 4, 1816; 
received a common school education ; 
commenced active life as a clerk in a 
store at Troy, and until 1853 was wholly 
devoted to mercantile pursuits. In 1841 
he was elected an Alderman in the city 
of Troy, and, by annual elections, served 
seven years in that capacity ; he was 
also Treasurer of Rensselaer County for 
seven years, in which otBce he was espe- 
cially popular; and he was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1853 to 1857, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Invalid Pensions, and on 
Ways and Means. He was the first 
man who advocated, on the floor of Con- 
gress, the purchase by the General Go- 
vernment, of Mount Vernon ; and he 
was among the most active supporters 
of Mr. Banks for the office of Speaker 
of the House of Representatives. He 
is at the present time wholly devoted to 
his private affairs. 

Sailly, Peter, — He was born in Lo- 
raine, France; first came to the United 
States in 1783, and settled in Clinton 
County, New York. Having been well 
educated, and possessing a decided talent 
for business, he acquired considerable 
influence, and held several offices of 
public trust in his adopted State. He 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1805 to 1807, and on 
his retirement from that position, he 



320 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



was appointed, by President Jefferson, 
Collector of Customs for the District of 
Champlain, holding the office until his 
death, which occurred at Plattsburg, in 
1826. 

Saltonstall, Leverett. — Bom in 

Massachusetts, in 1781; graduated at 
Harvard College in 1802 ; commenced 
the practice of law in Salem in 1805, 
and was distinguished as a lawyer ; he 
frequently served in the State Legisla- 
ture, and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1839 to 1843. He was also 
an active member of the American Aca- 
demy of Arts and Sciences, and of the 
Massachusetts Historical Society, and 
the degree of Doctor of Laws was con- 
ferred upon him by Harvard College, 
to which he left a legacy, and he also 
made a bequest of valuable books to 
Phillips's Academy, at Exeter, where 
he commenced his education. He died 
at Salem, Massachusetts, May 8, 1845. 

Sammons, Thomas. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1803 to 1807, and again 
from 1809 to 1813. 

Sample, Samuel C— He was born 
in Maryland, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from Indiana, from 1843 
to 1845. 

SaTnpson, Zahdiel. — He was born 
in Plympton, Massachusetts ; graduated 
at Brown University in 1803, and adopt- 
ed the profession of law. He was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from his 
native State, from 1817 to 1819 ; and in 
1820 he was appointed Collector of Cus- 
toms at Plymouth, where he died, while 
in office, July 19, 1828. 

Satnuel, Green B. — Born in Vir- 
ginia, and was elected a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from 1839 to 1841. 

Sandford, John. — He was a na- 
tive of New York, and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1841 to 1843, and a member of the 
New York Senate, in the extra session 
of 1851. He died in Amsterdam, Mont- 
gomery Countv, New York, October, 
1857. 

Sandford, Jonah. — He was a 

member of the New York Assembly in 
1827 and 1830, from the County of St. 



Lawrence, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from 1830 to 1831. 

Sandidf/e, John M. — Born in 

Franklin County, Georgia, January 7, 
1817 ; was a planter by occupation, and 
served as a member of the Legislature 
of Louisiana from 1846 to 1855. In 
1852 he was a member of the Conven- 
tion that framed the present Constitu- 
tion of that State ; Speaker of the House 
in 1854 and 1855 ; and elected a Eepre- 
sentative to the Thirty-fourth and 
Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was Chair- 
man of the Committee on Private Land 
Claims. Died in Louisiana in the au- 
tumn of 1861. 

Sands, Joshua.— B.e was born in 
Queen's County, New York, and was a 
member of the New York Senate, from 
King's County, from 1792 to 1799, and 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from 1803 
to 1804, and again from 1825 to 1827. 

Sanford, James T. — He was born 
in Virginia, but removed to Tennessee 
at an early day. He was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from Tennessee, from 
1823 to 1825. He was liberally edu- 
cated, and having acquired a large pro- 
perty in the pursuits of agriculture, he 
appropriated a part of his wealth to the 
establishment of "Jackson College," 
where many prominent men have been 
educated. He died many years ago. 

Sanford, Nathan. — He was a na- 
tive of New York, and held successively 
the public positions of Speaker of the 
New York Assembly, District Attorney 
of the United States for his State, Uni- 
ted States Senator from 1815 to 1821, 
Chancellor of the State, and was again 
a Senator in Congress, from 1825 to 
1831. He died on Long Island, in Oc- 
tober, 1838. 

Sanford, Thomas. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1803 to f807. 

Sapp, William M. — He was born 
in Ohio, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 
1857. 

Sargent, Aaron A. — Was born in 

Newburyport, Massachusetts, Septem- 
ber 28, 1827 ; early acquired a know- 
ledge of the printing business ; emi- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



321 



grated to California in 1849 : studied 
law, and came to the bar in 1854; and 
in 1861 was elected a Kepresentative, 
from California, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving as a member of the 
Select Committee on the Pacitic Kail- 
road, to which enterprise he was par- 
ticularly devoted. 

Saulshury, Willard. — Was born 
in Kent County, Delaware, June 2, 
1820 ; was educated at Delaware Col- 
lege and also at Dickinson College ; stu- 
died law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1845 ; in 1850 he was appointed At- 
torney-General of Delaware, and held 
the office five years ; and in 1859 he was 
elected a Senator in Congress, for the 
term ending in 1865, serving on the 
Committees on Commerce, Pensions, 
and Patents, and the Patent-office. He 
was also a Delegate to the Chicago Con- 
vention of 1864. 



Saunders, Romulus M. — Born 
in Caswell County, North Carolina, 
March, 1791. He received an acade- 
mical education, and spent two years in 
the University of that State. He stu- 
died law in Tennessee, and was admitted 
to practice there in 1812. He returned 
to North Carolina ; was in the House of 
Commons from 1815 to 1820, and for 
two years Speaker of the House. He 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
1821 to 1827, and from 1841 to 1845. In 
1828 he was Attorney-General of the 
State ; in 1833 was President of the 
Board of Commissioners to settle the 
claims of American citizens under the 
treaty of July 4, 1831, with France; in 
1835 he was elected a Judge of the Su- 
preme Court ; in 1846 he was appointed 
by President Polk Minister to Spain, 
where he remained four years ; on his 
return he was again elected to the Le- 
gislature of North Carolina, and since 
then has been devoting much attention 
to the railroad improvements of the 
State. 

Savage, John. — He was a member 
of the New York Assembly in 1814 ; 
and from 1815 to 1819 a Representative 
in Congress, from that State. He sub- 
sequently held the positions of District 
Attorney, Comptroller of the State, 
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, 
and Treasurer of the United States for 
New York. 



Savage, John H. — He is a native 
of Warren County, Tennessee. During 
his minority he volunteered as a private 
soldier under General Gaines to defend 
the Texan frontier ; also served during 
a campaign in Florida. He afterwards 
studied law, and commenced i^ractice, 
in 1837, at Smithville, Tennessee. He 
was elected Colonel of the Tennessee 
militia ; was elected by the Legislature 
Attorney-General of the Fourth Dis- 
trict of his State in 1841, and held the 
office until 1847. During that year he 
received from President Polk the ap- 
pointment of Major in the Fourteenth 
Regiment United States Infantry, and 
joining the American army in Mexico, 
was present at the battles of Contreras, 
Churubusco, and Molina del Rey, and 
was wounded at Chapultepec. He was 
promoted to the position of Lieutenant- 
Colonel, and as such, had command of 
his regiment, after the death of Colonel 
Graham, until the close of the war. On 
returning to Tennessee, he resumed the 
practice of his profession, and was first 
elected a Representative in Congre^ 
in 1849 ; he was re-elected in 1851 ; de- 
clined being a candidate in 1853 ; and 
was re-elected in 1855 and 1857. He 
was a member of the Committee on 
Military Aftairs. 

Satvtelle, Culleti. — He was born 
in Norridgewock, Maine ; graduated at 
Bowdoin College in 1825 ; studied law, 
and admitted to the bar in 1829 ; served 
eight years as Judge of Probate ; was a 
State Senator during the years 1843 and 
1844 ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1845 to 1847, 
and again from 1849 to 1851. 

Sawyer, Lemuel. — Was born in 
Camden County, North Carolina, in 
1777 ; educated at Flatbush, New 
York ; studied law ; was in the State 
Legislature in 1801, and voted in the 
Electoral College for Thomas Jefferson 
in 1804. He was elected a Representa- 
tive to Congress in 1807, serving until 
1813 ; and subsequently served in the 
same capacity from 1817 to 1823, and 
from 1825 to 1829. About the year 1850 
he removed to Washington, and held a 
clerkship in one of the departments. 

Sawyer, S. T. — He was born in 
North Carolina, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1837 to 1839. 



322 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Sawyer, William. — Born in Ohio, 
and was a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1845 to 1849. 

Say, JBenjatnin. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1808 to 1809. 

Scales, Alfred M., e/r.— He was 
born in Eockingham Couniy, North 
Carolina, November 26, 1827 ; was edu- 
cated chiefly at the Chapel Hill Uni- 
versity ; adopted the profession of law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1851 • 
was elected to the Legislature of North 
Carolina in 1852 and 1856 ; and in 1857 
he was elected a Kepresentative, from 
his native State, to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on the District of Columbia. 

Scamtnon, JTohn F. — Born in 

Saco, Maine ; was bred a merchant ; 
served in the Massachusetts Legislature 
as Representative during 1817, and in 
the Maine Legislature in 1820 and 1821 ; 
vas Collector of Customs at Saco from 
1829 to 1841 ; was a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from Maine, from 1845 to 
1847 ; a State Senator in 1855 ; and 
Secretary and Treasurer of an insurance 
company at the time of his death. May 
23, 1858. 

Schench, Abraha^n H. — He was 

born in 1777 ; was a member of the New 
York Assembly in 1804, 1805, and 1806 ; 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1815 to 1817. He was 
among the first who engaged in the 
manufacture of cotton under the non- 
intercourse laws. Died in 1831. 

Schenck, Ferdinand S. — Born 

in Middlesex County, New Jersey, Feb- 
ruary 11, 1790; he received a common 
school education ; and having studied 
medicine, was for many years devoted 
to the practice. In 1829 he was elected 
to the State Legislature, and re-elected 
in 1830 and 1831 ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New Jersey, 
from 1833 to 1837. He was a member, 
in 1844, of the Convention to revise the 
State Constitution, and was soon after 
elected a Judge of the Court of Errors 
and Appeal, which position he held for 
eight years. Died at Camden, May 17, 
1860. 

SchencJi, Mobert C, — Born in 



Franklin, Warren County, Ohio, October 
4, 1809 ; graduated at Miami University 
in 1827, where he remained one or two 
years as a tutor ; he studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1831, and 
settled in Dayton. In 1840 he was 
elected to the Ohio Legislature ; re- 
elected in 1842, and was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from his native State, 
from 1843 to 1851, serving on many 
committees ; during the Thirtieth Con- 
gress as Chairman of the Committee on 
Roads and Canals. On his retirement 
from Congress, he was appointed, by 
President Fillmore, Minister to Brazil, 
and during his residence in South Ame- 
rica, he took part in negotiating a num- 
ber of treaties. On his return in 1858, 
he became extensively engaged in the 
railway business. During the troubles 
of 1861, he served as a Brigadier and 
Major-General in the Union army, and 
in 1862 was elected to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Military Affairs. 

Schernierhorn, Abraham M. — 

He was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1849 to 1853, 
and died in Rochester, New York, Au- 
gust 22, 1855. 

Scliley, William. — Born in Frede- 
rick City, Maryland, December. 15, 
1786. He received an academical edu- 
cation in Georgia ; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar at Augusta in 
1812 ; continued the practice of his pro- 
fession until 1825, when he was elected 
a Judge of the Superior Court of the 
Middle District of Georgia. He was 
elected to the State Legislature in 1830, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1833 to 1835, and during the two 
following years was Governor of Geor- 
gia. He published a " Digest of the 
English Statutes." He was, when Go- 
vernor, one of the most active supporters 
of the Western iind Atlantic Railroad, 
and at the time of his death, was Presi- 
dent of the Medical College of Georgia. 
He died at Augusta, Georgia, Novem- 
ber 20, 1858. 

Schoolcraft, John L. — He was 

born in Albany, New York, and was 
all his life identified with that city as a 
merchant. He was for many years 
President of the Commercial Bank of 
Albany ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 1849 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



323 



to 1853. Died at St. Catharine's, Can- 
ada West, in May, 1860. 

Schoonmaker, Cornelius C. — He 

was a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1791 to 1793, and was 
for fourteen years, before and after the 
above term, a member of the New York 
Assembly, from the County of Ulster. 

Schoonniakev, Marius. — Born 

in NeAv York, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1851 to 1853. 

Schurenian, Jatnes. — He was a 

prominent man in New Jersey during 
the Revolution, and was a graduate of 
Queen's College. He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New Jersey, 
from 1789 to 1791, and from 1797 to 
1799; a Senator in Congress from 1799 
to 1801, when he resigned ; and again a 
Representative, from 1813 to 1815. He 
was ^so, at one time, Mayor of New 
Brunswick. 

Schuretnan, Martin G. — He was 

a Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1805 to 1807. 

Schuyler, J. — He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1817 to 1819, and died in New 
York City, February 21, 1835, aged 
sixty -seven years. 

Schuyler, Philip.— Was a native 
of Albany, New York. He was ap- 
pointed Major-General in the army of 
the Revolution in 1775, and despatched 
to the fortitications in the north of New 
York, to prepare for the invasion of 
Canada. By the loss of his health, the 
command soon devolved upon Mont- 
gomery. On his recovery, he directed 
the operations against Burgoyne, and 
in consequence of the evacuation of Ti- 
conderoga, he unreasonably fell under 
Some suspicion, and was superseded in 
command by G-eneral Gates. He after- 
wards rendered important services, 
though not in command. He was a 
Delegate to Congress previous to the 
present Constitution, and a Senator of 
the United States, from 1789 to 1791. 
He died at Albany in 1804, aged seventy- 
three. 

Schtvarts, John. — Born in Berks 
County, Pennsylvania, October 27, 



1793 ; received a common school educa- 
tion ; served as a Lieutenant in the last 
war with Great Britain ; was engaged 
in mercantile pursuits from 1806 to 1829, 
and from that year to 1857 was wholly 
devoted to farming. He was elected a 
Representative, from Pennsylvania, to 
the Thirty -sixth Congress, but died be- 
fore the expiration of his first session, 
in July, 1860. 

Scofield, Glenni W. — He was born 

in Chautauque County, New York, 
March 11, 1817; graduated at Hamilton 
College in 1840, and removed to War- 
ren, Pennsylvania, where he was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1843. In 1850 and 
1851 he was a member of the State As- 
sembly ; and from 1857 to 1859 he was 
in the State Senate. In 1861 he was 
appointed President Judge of the Eigh- 
teenth Judicial District of the State, and 
in 1862 he was elected a Representative, 
from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committees of 
Elections, and Expenditures in the War 
Department. 

Scott, Charles L. — He was born in 
Richmond, Virginia, January 23, 1827; 
graduated at William and Mary Col- 
lege ; studied law, and formed a part- 
nership with his father in the practice 
of his profession, at Richmond. In 1849 
he embarked, as a member of the Madi- 
son Mining and Trading Company, for 
California. In 1851 he abandoned the 
mines, and resumed the practice of law 
in Tuolumne County, California. He 
was elected a Representative in the Thir- 
ty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, 
from California, serving as a member of 
the Committees on Indian Aftairs, and 
on Post-ofiices and Post-roads. 

Scott, Harvey D. — He was born 
in Ohio, and having removed to Indi- 
ana, was elected a Rejiresentative to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress, from that State. 

Scott, John. — He was born in Han- 
over County, Virginia, in 1782; moved 
with his parents to Indiana in 1802 ; 
settled at St. Genevieve, Missouri, in 
1805; was a Delegate to Congress, from 
the Territory of Missouri, from 1816 to 
1821, and a Representative in Congress, 
from the same State, from 1821 to 1827. 
Died at St. Genevieve in 1861. 

Scott, John. — He was a Representa- 



324 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



tive in Congress, from Huntingdon 
County, Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 
1831. 

Scott, John G. — Was born in Phi- 
ladelphia, December 26, 1819 ; left that 
city when seventeen years of age to seek 
his fortune in the West ; settled in Mis- 
souri, and for many years resided at the 
Iron Mountain ; engaged in the busi- 
ness of iron-master, and developing the 
mineral resources of the State ; and in 
1862 he was, at a special election, elected . 
a Eepresentative, from Missouri, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, in the place of 
J. W. Noell, deceased. He ran for Con- 
gress, at the regular election, against 
Mr. Noell, and was beaten by a small 
majority. His committee duties have 
been rendered as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Revolutionary Pensions. 

Scott, Thomas. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1789 to 1791, and again from 
1793 to 1795. 

Scratiton, George W. — Born in 

Madison, New Haven County, Connec- 
ticut, May 23, 1811; received a common 
school education, and when eighteen 
years of age removed to New Jersey ; 
he subsequently removed to Pennsylva- 
nia, and engaged in the iron and railroad 
business, having extensive interests at 
Oxford, New Jersey, and at Scranton, 
Pennsylvania ; he held the positions se- 
verally of President of the Lackawanna 
and Western Railroad Company, and of 
the Cayuga and Susquehanna Railway 
Company ; and in 1858 he was elected a 
Representative, from Pennsylvania, to 
the Thirtj^-sixth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Manufactures. Re- 
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
but died at Scranton, Pennsylvania, 
March 24, 1861. 

, Scudder, John A. — He was a na- 
tive of New Jersey ; a physician by pro- 
fession ; served a number of years in the 
Assembly of his native State ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, for the unexpired term of James 
Cox, who died in 1810. 

Scudder, Treadivell. — He was for 

six years a member of the New York 
Assembly, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1817 to 
1819. 



Scudder', Zeno. — He filled with 
credit various public positions. He was 
President of the Massachusetts Senate, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
1851 to 1854, when he was compelled, by 
failing health, to resign his seat. He 
was a good lawyer, enjoyed the confi- 
dence and respect of the community in 
which he lived, and died at Barnstable, 
Massachusetts, June 26, 1857. 

Scurry, Richardson. — Born in 

Tennessee, and was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Texas, from 
1851 to 1858. 

Seaman, Henry J. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1845 
to 1847. 

Searing, John A. — Born in Queen's 
County, New York, May 14, 1814. His 
father died when he was young, arid he 
was educated at the common schools of 
New York, by his grandparents. He 
was bred a farmer, held several public 
positions previously to his election as a 
member of the State Legislature in 
1853, and was chosen a Representative 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on 
the Committees on Revolutionary Pen- 
sions, and Accounts. 

Seaver, Ebenezer. — Born in 1763 ; 
graduated at Harvard University in 
1784 ; was a member of the State Legis- 
lature, from 1794 to 1802; member of 
the State Constitutional Convention of 
1820; and a Representative in Congress, 
from Massachusetts, from 1803 to 1813. 
He died in Roxbury, Massachusetts, 
March 1, 1844. 

Sebastian, W. K. — Born in Yer- 
non, Tennessee, and educated at Colum- 
bia College, in that State. He settled 
as a lawyer in Arkansas, in 1835, and 
was soon after appointed Prosecuting 
Attorney, and held theofiice until 1837; 
he was Circuit Judge from 1840 to 1842, 
and was appointed in the latter year 
Supreme Judge. He was a State Sena- 
tor, and President of the body in 1846; 
and Presidential Elector in 1848. He 
was a United States Senator from 1848 
to 1852, and re-elected for a term of six 
years, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Indian Atfairs, and a member 
of the Committee on Territories. Ex- 
pelled July, 1861. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



325 



Seddon, tTames A. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1845 to 1847, and again from 1849 
to 1851 ; was a member of the Rebel Go- 
vernment as member of Congress in 
1861, having previously been a Delegate 
to the Peace Congress of that year. In 
1862 he became the Confederate Secre- 
tary of War. 

Sedgtvick, C. JB. — Born in Pompey , 
New York, March, 1815; adopted the 
profession of law ; and was elected a 
Representative, from New York, to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Naval 
Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-se- 
venth Congress, serving as Chairman of 
that Committee. In 1863 he was ap- 
pointed, by President Lincoln, a Com- 
missioner to look after certain naval 
affairs. 

Sedgwick, Tlieodore.—Was born 
at West Hartford, Connecticut, in May, 
1746. He was educated at Yale College, 
but did not graduate. On leaving this 
institution, he commenced the study of 
theology, but soon relinquished it, and 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar before reaching the age of twenty- 
one. He commenced practice at Great 
Barrington, Massachusetts, then settled 
at Shetiield, and afterwards at Stock- 
bridge, in the same county. He was a 
zealous patriot in the Revolutionary 
war. He was a member of the Provin- 
cial Congress, in 1785 and 1786; and a 
Representative in Congress, after the 
adoption of the Constitution, from 1789 
to 1796. He was a Senator of the Uni- 
ted States, from 1796 to 1798, and served 
as President /jro trm. during one session. 
In 1799 he was again a member of the 
House, and was chosen Speaker. From 
1802 until his death, he was a Judge of 
the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. 
He died at Boston, January 24, 1813. 
He received the degree of LL.D. from 
Princeton and Cambridge. As a states- 
man and jurist he was highly valued 
by his country. His life was in an un- 
common degree varied and active ; his 
industry was unwearied, and an ardent 
enthusiasm was the basis of his character. 

Sefjar, Joseph E. — Born in King 
William County, Virginia, June 1, 
1804. In 1836 he was elected to the 
House of Delegates of Virginia, and 



served a number of years ; was again 
elected to the same position in 1848, 
and continued to serve almost uninter- 
ruptedly until the State rebelled against 
the Union. After Eastern Virginia 
was restored to the Federal authority 
he was elected a Representative, from 
Virginia, to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress. 

Seidell, Dudley. — Formerly a pro- 
minent member of the New York bar, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1833 to 1835. He died 
in Paris, France, November 7, 1865. 

Seninies, Benedict J. — Was born 
in Charles County, Maryland, Novem- 
ber 1, 1789. He was bred to the profes- 
sion of medicine, and graduated at the 
Medical School in Baltimore, about the 
year 1811. He settled in Piscataway, 
Maryland, where he acquired an exten- 
sive practice, but subsequently relin- 
quished his profession. In the year 
1821 he was elected to the State Legis- 
lature ; was again elected in 1825, 1827, 
and 1828, and during one session was 
chosen Speaker of the House of Dele- 
gates. In 1821 he introduced and car- 
ried through a bill for removing reli- 
gious tests, as applicable to office in 
Maryland. In 1829 he was elected to 
Congress, from the district composed 
of Prince George and Anne Arundel 
Counties, and the City of Annapolis. 
He was re-elected in 1831, but his health 
soon after failing, he found it necessary 
to retire, at a time when there was no 
opposition to him in his district. He 
again served in the State Legislature in 
1842 and 1843, since which time he has 
lived in retirement on his estate, in the 
County of Prince George. 

Setnple, Jan^es. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Illinois, from 1843 
to 1847. 

Seney, Joshua. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Maryland, 
from 1789 to 1792. 

Senter, William T. — Born in 
Granger County, Tennessee, in 1802, 
and died there August 28, 1849. He 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

Sergeant, John. — He was born 
in Philadelphia in 1779; graduated at 



326 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Princeton College in 1795; he was for 
a short time a clerk in a store, but stvi- 
died law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1799. His first appointment was 
that of Prosecutor for the Common- 
wealth, which he held several years. 
He was for more than half a century 
known and honored for his extraordi- 
nary ability in his profession of the law, 
for his habitual courtesy, his liberal 
fairness, and his integrity. Elected to 
Congress, he served there from 1815 to 
1823, from 1827 to 1829, and from 1837. 
to 1842. He was especially famous for 
his part in the great Missouri Compro- 
mise of 1820. For the Panama Con- 
gress, Mr. Sergeant was selected by 
Presrident Adams to represent the Uni- 
ted States. The measures of interna- 
tional law which were proposed to be 
settled in that Congress were deemed 
so important, that Mr. Clay, the Secre- 
tary of State, had filled eighty pages of 
instructions to Mr. Sergeant on the 
subject. In 1832 Mr. Sergeant was the 
Whig candidate for Vice-President, 
being upon the same ticket with Henry 
Clay. Forty-nine electoral votes were 
cast for these candidates. At the out- 
set of Harrison's administration, Mr. 
Sergeant was tendered the mission to 
England, which he declined. In the 
cause of charity he was never appealed 
to in vain ; and, for many years before 
his death, took an active interest in all 
the public afiairs of his native city. 
He died in Philadelphia, November 23, 
1852. 

Settle, Thomas. — He was born in 
Eockingham Countj^, North Carolina. 
He was a Kepresentative in the State 
Legislature of that State in 1815, and 
in 1826, 1827, and 1828, at which last 
session he was Speaker of the House of 
Commons. He was a Eepresentative 
in Congress from 1817 to 1821. In 1832 
he was chosen Judge of the Superior 
Court of Law and Equity, and held the 
office for twenty years, when he re- 
signed. He was highly esteemed for 
his many virtues. He died in Eock- 
ingham County, August 5, 1857, aged 
sixty-five. 

Severance, Luther. — He was born 
in Montague, Massachusetts, October 
28, 1797 ; and having been bred a print- 
er, was the founder and editor of the 
Kennebec Journal from 1825 to 1849, 
and a Eepresentative in Congress, from 



Maine, from 1843 to 1847. He was fre- 
quently a member of the Maine Legis- 
lature — five years in the Assembly, and 
two years in the Senate — and, by Pre- 
sident Taylor, was appointed Commis- 
sioner to the Sandwich Islands. He 
died of a cancer, January 25, 1855, at 
Augusta, Maine. 

Sevier, Ambrose JT. — Born in 
Tennessee in 1802. He had few early 
advantages of education, but he relied 
on his own energies, and removed to 
the Territory of Arkansas, where, be- 
fore the age of twenty-one, he was ad- 
mitted to the bar as an attorney. He 
was first elected Clerk of the Legisla- 
ture, and, so soon as -he was eligible, 
was elected a member of that body, first 
in 1823, and again in 1825. Froin 1827 
to 1836 he was a Delegate to Congress, 
from Arkansas ; and when the Terri- 
tory became a State, in 1836, he was 
elected a Senator in Congress. He was 
Chairman, for many years, of the Com- 
mittee on Indian Affairs, and after- 
wards of the Committee on Foreign 
Eelations. He resigned his seat in the 
Senate in 1848, to accept the appoint- 
ment, from President Polk, of a special 
mission to Mexico, to negotiate a peace. 
He possessed the unbounded confidence 
of his constituents and party. He died 
at Little Eock, December 21, 1848. 

Sevier, John. — A native of Tennes- 
see, having been born in 1744; was an 
officer in the Eevolutionary war, and 
distinguished himself in the battle at 
King's Mountain, in 1780. For his ser- 
vices, on that occasion, the Legislature 
of North Carolina, in 1813, voted him 
a sword. He commanded the forces 
which defeated the Creek and Cherokee 
Indians, in 1789. He was afterwards a 
General in the Provisional army ; and 
from 1796 to 1801, and 1803 to 1809, 
Governor of Tennessee ; he was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from 1811 to 
1815, and was then appointed, by Pre- 
sident Monroe, one of the Commis- 
sioners to ascertain the boundary line 
of the Creek territory, and died while 
engaged in that service, at Fort Deca- 
tur, September 24, 1815. 

Setvall, Samuel. — Born in Boston, 
December 11, 1757. He graduated at 
Harvard College in 1776 ; was a lawyer 
by profession, and settled at Marble- 
head ; in 1796 was elected a Eepresen- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



327 



tativein Congress, serving till 1800, and 
was distinguished in that body by his 
knowledge of commercial law. In 1800 
he was placed upon the bench of the 
Supreme Court of Massachusetts, and 
in 1813 was appointed Chief Justice. 
He died at Wiscasset, June 8, 1814, 
where the gentlemen of the bar erected 
a monument to his memory. 

Seward f James L. — He was born 
in Georgia, and bred a lawyer. He first 
entered Congress in 1853, as a Repre- 
sentative, from Georgia, and continued 
there to the close of the Thirty-fifth 
Congress,', serving as a member of the 
Committee on Naval Affairs. 

Seward, William H.—Bom in 
Florida, Orange County, New York, 
May 16, 1801. He graduated at Union 
College in 1820; was admitted to the 
bar in 1822, and entered upon the prac- 
tice of his profession at Auburn, in his 
native State, the following year. In 
1830 he was elected to the New York 
Senate for four years. In 1834 he was 
nominated by the Whig party their 
candidate for Governor of the State, but 
failed of an election. In 1838, however, 
on a second nomination for the same 
office, he was elected, and entered upon 
the discharge of his duties in January, 
1839. During the four years that he 
held that office, he upheld the system of 
internal improvements, and devoted 
himself to reforming and improving the 
system of public education. His plan 
for taking the management of the pub- 
lic schools in New York out of the hands 
of the Public School Society, and sub- 
jecting them to the control of the State, 
caused considerable feeling on the sub- 
ject at the time, and gave rise to an 
animated contest between the Protest- 
ants, who maintained the existing sj's- 
tem, and the Eoman Catholics, who 
favored the change. On the expiration 
of his second term of office, Mr. Seward 
declined to be a candidate for re-elec- 
tion, and resumed the practice of his 
profession at Auburn, in 1843. He had 
an extensive practice, chiefly in the Fe- 
deral courts. In March, 1849, he was 
chosen United States Senator for six 
years, and took his seat at the extra 
session called to consider the nomina- 
tions of President Taylor. He was re- 
elected in 1855, and held the position 
until he became Secretary of State un- 
der President Lincoln. In 1860 he was 



spoken of by a large party as a candi- 
date for the Presidency, and during that 
year made a pilgrimage to Egypt and 
the Holy Land. 

Seyberf, Adam. — He was a citizen 
of Philadelphia, and a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1809 to 1815, and again from 1817 to 
1819. He died at Paris, May 2, 1825, 
bequeathing $1000 for educating the 
deaf and dumb, and $500 to the Orphan 
Asylum in Philadelphia. He was a man 
of science, and was particularly skilful 
as a chemist and mineralogist. He pub- 
lished Statistical Annals of the L^nited 
States, from 1789 to 1818. 

Seymour, David L, — He was a 

member of the New York Assembly in 
1836, from Rensselaer County, and a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from 1843 
to 1845. 

Seymoiir, David L. — He was 

born in Connecticut ; served repeatedly 
in the State Legislature, having been 
made Speaker in 1852 ; was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Connecticut, 
from 1851 to 1853 ; and in 1856 he was 
chosen a Judge of the Superior Court of 
Connecticut for a term of eight years. 

Seymour, Horatio. — Born in 
Litchfield, Connecticut, May 31, 1778; 
graduated at Yale College in 1797 ; stu- 
died law at the Litchfield school, and 
settled in Middlebury, Vermont. He 
was a Judge of Probate, member of the 
Council, and a Senator in Congress, 
from 1821 to 1833. He died at Middle- 
bury, November 21, 1857. 

Seymotir, Origen S. — He was 

born in Litchfield, Connecticut, in 1804 ; 
was bred a lawyer ; served in the State 
Legislature, and as Speaker in 1850 ; 
and was a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from Connecticut, from 1851 to 1855. 
He was subsequently chosen a Judge of 
the Superior Court of Connecticut. 

Seymour, TJiomas H. — He was 

born in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1808 ; 
was educated at the Middletown Mili- 
tary Academy ; studied law, and prac- 
tised the profes.sion ; was a Judge of 
Probate ; a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from Connecticut, from 1843 to 1845 ; 
in 1846 went to Mexico as a Major of 
the New England Eegiment, and was 



328 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



with General Scott at the City of 
Mexico ; he was elected Governor of the 
State in 1850, and re-elected three times ; 
and was appointed, by President Pierce, 
Minister to Eussia. 

Seymotir, William. — He was 

born in Connecticut, served as a mem- 
ber of the New York Assembly, in 1832 
and 1834, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from 1835 to 1887. 

Shadwich, Tf'illiam.—Sie was a 

member of Congress, from North Caro- 
lina, during the years 1796 and 1797. 

Shanhs, John JP. C. — Born in 

Martinsburg, Virginia, June 17, 1826 ; 
was for the most part self-educated ; re- 
moved to Indiana, where he studied law, 
and commenced practice in 1850; was 
elected to the Indiana Legislature in 1853 
and 1854 ; and in 1860 he was elected a 
Eepresentative, from Indiana, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
the Committees on Private Land Claims, 
and on Agriculture. He visited the 
field of Bull Eun, in July, 1861, as a 
spectator, but became a participant ; 
during the subsequent recess of Con- 
gress he served in Missouri as a member 
of General Fremont's staff, performing 
some other military service until he re- 
sumed his seat in Congress in Decem- 
ber, 1861. 

Shannon, Thomas. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1826 to 1827. 

Shannon Thomas JB. — Born in 

Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, 
in 1827 ; emigrated to Illinois in 1844 ; 
in 1849, to California ; from 1854 to 
1861, was engaged in merchandizing; 
served four sessions in the California 
Legislature ; and in 1863 he was elected 
a Eepresentative, from California, to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Indian Affairs. 

Shannon, Wilson. — He was born 
in Belmont County, Ohio, February 24, 
1802 ; educated at Athens College, in 
Ohio, and Transylvania University, in 
Kentucky ; adopted the profession of 
law, and in 1835 was Prosecuting At- 
torney for the State of Ohio ; was elected 
Governor of Ohio in 1837, and again in 
1842 ; by President Tyler was appoint- 
ed Minister to Mexico ; and was a Ee- 



presentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1853 to 1855. In 1855 he was ap- 
pointed, by President Pierce, Governor 
of the Territory of Kansas. 

Sharpe, Peter, — He was a member 
of the Assembly of New York, from 
1814 to 1820, officiating a number of 
sessions as Speaker ; he was also a mem- 
ber of the State Constitutional Conven- 
tion of 1821 ; a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1828 to 1825 ; and a member 
•of the Tariff" Convention held in 1827. 

Sharpe, Solomon F. — He was 

born in Virginia, bvit removed to Ken- 
tucky when a child ; he received a 
limited education, but studied-law, and 
was admitted to the bar when nineteen 
years of age, and was successful ; he 
served a number of years in the State 
Legislature ; was Attorney-General of 
the State ; and a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Kentucky, from 1813 to 
1817. He fell by the hand of an assas- 
sin, while a member of the Legislature, 
in November, 1835, aged fifty-five years ; 
and a legislative reward of $3000, for 
the arrest of the murderer, was offered, 
but in vain. 

Shatu, Aaron.— Born in Orange 
County, New York, in 1811 ; a lawyer 
by profession ; was State's Attorney for 
eight years, in the Fourth Judicial Cir- 
cuit of Illinois ; and was a member of 
the State House of Eepresentatives, in 
1849-50. He was elected a Eepresen- 
tative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from 
Illinois, serving as a member of the 
Committee on the Militia. 

Shaw, Henry. — He was born in 

Windham County, Vermont ; studied 
law with Judge Foot, in Albany, New 
York, and settled in practice in Lanes- 
borough, Berkshire County, Massachu- 
setts, at the age of twenty-two ; he was 
nominated for Congress before he was 
eligible, and was subsequently elected, 
in 1816, to the Sixteenth Congress, and 
voted for the Missouri Compromise, 
which prevented his re-election. He 
was an intimate friend of Henry Clay, 
and was a personal friend and acquaint- 
ance of ten of the Presidents of the Uni- 
ted States. He was a member of the 
Massachusetts Legislature for eighteen 
years, also a member of the Governor's 
Council, and was the pioneer in the 
manufacturing prosperity of Western 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



329 



Massachusetts. In 1848 he removed to 
New York, and resided at Fort Wash- 
ington, on the Hudson ; was a member 
of the Board of Education in New York 
City, and two years in the Common 
Council, and in 1853 was a member of 
the Assembly. He removed to New- 
burg in 1854, where he resided until 
within a few months of his death, which 
occurred at Peekskill, October 17, 1857, 
aged sixty-nine years. 

Shaiv, Henry 31. — He was born 
at Newport, Rhode Island, November 
20, 1819; studied medicine, and gradu- 
ated at the University of Pennsylvania ; 
removed to North Carolina, and was a 
State Senator in 1852, and a Represen- 
tative, from that State, in the Thirty- 
third and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and 
was a member of the Committees on 
Manufactures, and Revolutionary Pen- 
sions. 

Shaw, Samuel. — He was born in 
Dighton, Massachusetts, in December, 
1768, and removed to Putney, Vermont, 
at the age of ten years ; he received a 
limited education ; commenced the study 
of medicine at the age of seventeen, and 
in two years entered upon the practice 
of his profession at Castleton, Vermont, 
and became eminent as a surgeon. He 
entered early into politics, and was one 
of the victims of the Sedition Law ; for 
his denunciation of the administration 
of John Adams, he was imprisoned, and 
liberated by the people without the 
forms of law ; and in 1799 was returned 
as a member of the State Legislature. 
He was for some time a member of the 
State Council, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Vermont, from 1808 
to 1813. He was a personal friend of 
Jefferson and Madison, and gave his 
earnest support to the measures for the 
prosecution of the war. On his retire- 
ment from Congress, he was appointed 
surgeon in the army, and removed to 
the city of New York ; he was subse- 
quently stationed at Greenbush, St. 
Louis, and at Norfolk, and held this 
office until 1816. As an instance of his 
physical endurance, it may be men- 
tioned that he, on one occasion, rode on 
horseback from St. Louis, Missouri, to 
Albany, New York, in twenty-nine 
consecutive days. He died at Claren- 
don, Vermont, October 22, 1827. 



Shatv, Tristain. — Born in New 



Hampshire in 1787; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1839 to 1843 ; and died at Exeter, New 
Hampshire, March 14, 1843. 

Sheafe, tfaines. — He was born in 
1 755 ; was a Representative in Congress, 
from New Hampshire, from 1799 to 
1801 ; a Senator in Congress in 1801 and 
1802, resigning June, 1802; and died 
at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 
1829. 

Sheffer, Daniel. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1837 
to 1839. 

Sheffey, Daniel. — He was born at 
Frederick, Maryland, in 1770; had a 
limited education ; was bred to the trade 
of a shoemaker, and settled in Augusta, 
Virginia ; he afterwards studied law, 
engaged in a lucrative practice ; and 
frequently represented his county in the 
House of Delegates. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1809 to 1817, and took a high 
rank. His speech in favor of the re- 
newal of the first Bank of the United 
States was a masterly production. He 
was opposed to the war of 1812. He 
died at his home, December 3, 1830. 

Sheffield, Williain JP. — Was born. 

at New Shoreham (Block Island), New- 
port County, Rhode Island, August 30, 
1820. His education was obtained first 
at Kingston Academy, and then from a 
private tutor ; studied law at Harvard 
University, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1844. In 1841 and 1842 he was 
elected to Conventions called to frame 
a State Constitution ; in 1845 he was 
elected, from his native town, to the 
State Assembly ; removing his residence 
to Tiverton, he was again elected to the 
Assembly in 1849, where he continued 
to serve until 1853, when he resigned 
his seat, and settled in Newport. That 
city he represented in the Assemblj^ 
from 1857 to 1861, when he was elected 
a Representative, from Rhode Island, 
to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committees on Com- 
merce, and on Foreign Affairs. 

Shellaharger^ Samuel. — Born in 
Clark County, Ohio, December 10, 1817 ; 
graduated at the Miami University, 
Ohio, in 1841 ; adopted the profession 



22 



330 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



of law ; was a member of the Ohio Le- 
gislature in 1852 and 1853 ; and was 
elected a Eepresentative, from Ohio, to 
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
on the Committee on Expenses in the 
Interior Department. 

Shepard, Charles B. — Born in 
Newbern, North Carolina, December 5, 
1807 ; graduated at Chapel Hill in 1827 ; 
was elected to Congress in 1837, where 
he continued to serve until 1841 ; and 
died in October, 1843. 

Shepard, William B. — Born in 
Newbern, North Carolina, in 1799 ; edu- 
cated at Chapel Hill ; studied law, and 
became eminent in his profession ; Avas 
a Representative in Congress, from 1827 
to 1837, when he declined a re-election ; 
in 1838 he was elected to the State Sen- 
ate, and served five terms. He died at 
Elizabeth City, June 20, 1852. 

Shepherd, Williatn. — Born in 
Massachusetts, December 1, 1737; he 
served six years as a Captain in the 
Revolutionary army, and distinguished 
himself at "William Henry and Crown 
Point ; in 1783 he was chosen a Briga- 
dier-General, having fought in twenty- 
two battles ; he was subsequently a 
Major-General of militia ; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1797 to 
1803. Died at Westfield, Massachu- 
setts, November 11, 1817. 

Shepley, Ether. — A Senator in 
Congress, from Maine, from 1833 to 
1886. He was born in Groton, Massa- 
chusetts, November 2, 1789; graduated 
at Dartmouth College in 1811 ; studied 
law, and commenced the practice in 
Saco, but subsequently settled in Port- 
land ; he was in the Massachusetts Le- 
gislature in 1819 ; a member of the Con- 
vention that formed the first Constitu- 
tion of Maine in 1820 ; he was for 
thirteen years Attorney of the United 
States for Maine; after leaving the 
Senate of the United States, he was 
chosen a Justice of the Supreme Court 
of Maine, and subsequently Chief Jus- 
tice of the same, which latter position 
he held until 1855. While on the bench 
he furnished the materials for twenty- 
six volumes of Reports, and as sole 
Commissioner, was appointed to revise 
the statutes of Maine. He was Trustee 
of Bowdoin College, from which insti- 
tution he received the degree of LL.D. 



SJiepilor, Matthias.— BovninPenn- 
sylvania, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Ohio, from 1837 to 1839. 

Shepperd, Augustus H. — He 

was born in Surry County, North Caro- 
lina ; educated a lawyer ; served in the 
House of Commons from 1822 to 1826 ; 
and was a Representative in Congress 
from 1829 to 1839 ; again from 1841 to 
1843, and again from 1847 to 1851. 

Sherburne, John S. — He was born 

in New Hampshire ; graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in 1776 ; attended the 
law school at Harvard ; was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Hamp- 
shire, from 1793 to 1797; was United 
States District Attorney in 1803, and 
Judge of the United States District 
Court from 1803 to 1830. He died in 
1830, aged seventy-three years. 

Sheredine, Upton. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1791 to 1792. 

Sherman, John. — He was born in 
Lancaster, Ohio, May 10, 1823 ; re- 
ceived a good education ; adopted the 
profession of law, and came to the bar 
in 1844. In 1848 and 1852 he was a 
Delegate to the Whig Conventions of 
those years ; in 1854 he was elected a 
Representative, fromOhio, to the Thirty- 
fourth Congress ; re-elected to the Thir- 
ty-fifth ; and on being returned for the 
Thirty -sixth Congress, he was the Re- 
publican candidate for Speaker, and 
after an unprecedented contest, wanted 
only one or two votes to secure his 
election ; and during that Congress, he 
was Chairman of the Committee of 
Ways and Means. In 1860 he was 
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
but in 1861, on the resignation of Sena- 
tor Chase, he was chosen a Senator in 
Congress, for the term expiring in 1867, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on Agriculture, and as a member of the 
Committee on Finance. 

Sherman, J. W. — He was born in 
New York, and elected a Representative, 
from that State, to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Unfinished Business. 

Sherman, Roger. — Born at New- 
ton, Massachusetts, April 19, 1721. He 
had no advantages for education, yet he 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



331 



was eager in the pursuit of knowledge, 
and while apprenticed to a shoemaker, 
he often had a book open before him 
while at his work. In 1743 he removed 
to New Milford, Connecticut, carrjnng 
his tools upon his back. He afterwards 
studied law, and settled at New Haven, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1754. 
He was Judge of the County and Supe- 
rior Courts ; and a member of the first 
Congress, in 1774, and continued a mem- 
ber for many years. He signed the De- 
claration of Independence in 1776. After 
the adoption of the Constitution of the 
United States, in regard to which he 
took a prominent part, he was elected 
a Representative to Congress ; and cho- 
sen a Senator in 1791, continuing in 
that station till his death, July 23, 
1793. He was a profound and sagacious 
statesman, an able and upright judge, 
and an exemplary Christian. He was 
made Master of Arts by Yale College, 
and was for many years Treasurer of 
that institution. 

Sherman, Socrates N. — He was 

born in Vermont, and elected a Repre- 
sentative, from New York, to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Expenditures in the Interior 
Department. 

Sherrill, EUaMin. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1847 
to 1849, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Manufactures. 

SJiei'tvood, Samuel. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1813 to 1815. Died in New 
York in November, 1862. 

Sherivood, Samuel B. — He was 

born in Connecticut ; graduated at Yale 
College in 1786 ; was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1817 
to 1819, and died in 1833. 

Shiel, George K. — He was born in 
Ireland, and was elected a Representa- 
tive, from Oregon, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
the Pacific Railroad. 

Shields, Benjamin G. — He was 

a Representative in Congress, from Ala- 
bama, from 1841 to 1843. 

Shields, Ebenezer «/. — Bom in 



Georgia, and was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Tennessee, from 

1835 to 1839. Died May 20, 1846. 

Shields, James. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1829 to 1831. Died in Butler County, 
Ohio, in 1831. 

Shields, James. — Was born in 
County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1810, and 
emigrated to America about 1826. He 
pursued his mathematical and classical 
studies until the year 1832, when he 
went to Illinois, and commenced the 
practice of the law at Kaskaskia. In 

1836 he was elected a member of the Il- 
linois Legislature, and Auditor of the 
State in 1839. In 1843 he was appointed 
Judge of the Supreme Court ; and in 
1845 Commissioner of the General Land 
Ofl[ice. At the commencement of the 
Mexican war he was appointed by Pre- 
sident Polk a Brigadier-General in the 
United States army, and, for his distin- 
guished services during the course of the 
war, was promoted to the rank of Bre- 
vet Major-General. In 1848 he was ap- 
pointed Governor of Oregon Territory, 
which he resigned. In 1849 he was 
elected to a seat in the United States 
Senate, for the term of six years, from 
the State of Illinois. He subsequently 
took up his residence in the Territory of 
Minnesota, and in 1857 was elected to 
represent the same in the Senate of the 
United States, when she became a State, 
in which position he served two years. 
During the troubles of 1861 he served 
as a General in the Union army. 

Shinn, William N. — He was born 
in New Jersey ; a farmer by occupation ; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1837. 

Shipiierd, Zehidon B. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1813 to 1815. 

Shorter, Eli ^S.— Born in Monti- 
cello, Georgia, March 15, 1823 ; gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1843 ; was a 
lawyer by profession, but engaged in 
the planting business. He was elected 
a Representative, from Alabama, to the 
Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con- 
gresses, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Indian Affairs. 

Shotvers, Jacob, — He was a Re- 



332 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



presentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1853 to 1855. 

Sibley, Henry H. — He was born 
in February, 1811, in Detroit, Michi- 
gan ; spent much of his early life on 
the Northwestern frontiers ; was for 
many years an Indian trader in the em- 
ploy of the American Fur Company, at 
Mackinaw and Fort Snelling ; was a 
Delegate to Congress, from Minnesota 
Territory, from 1849 to 1853; and, 
having witnessed the progress of Min-- 
nesota from a wilderness to an organized 
State, he was elected, in 1857, its first 
Governor. 

Sibley, Jonas.— He was born in 
Sutton, Massachusetts, March 17, 1762; 
for thirty-five years held a variety of 
town offices ; from 1806 to 1823 was a 
member of the Massachusetts Legisla- 
ture ; was an Elector for President in 
1820 ; served again in both houses of 
the Legislature ; was a member of the 
State Constitutional Convention of 1820 ; 
a member of Congress, from Worcester 
County, Massachusetts, from 1823 to 
1825 ; and died at Sutton, in that State, 
February 10, 1834, aged seventy-two 
years. 

Sibley, Marh H. — Born in Great 
Barrington, Massachusetts, in 1796, and 
removed to Canandaigua, New York, in 
1814. He studied law, and was distin- 
guished as an advocate. He was a mem- 
ber of the New York Assembly in 1834 
and 1835 ; a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from 1837 to 1839 ; subsequently a State 
Senator ; and in 1846 a County Judge. 
He died in Canandaigua, New York, 
September 8, 1852. 

Sibley, Solotnon. — He was born in 

Sutton, Massachusetts, October 7, 1769. 
He studied law, and removed to Ohio in 
1795, establishing himself first at Mari- 
etta, and then at Cincinnati, in the 
practice of his profession. He removed 
to Detroit in 1797, and in 1799 was 
elected to the first Territorial Legisla- 
ture of the Northwestern Territory. 
He was a Delegate to Congress, from 
the Territory of Michigan, from 1820 
to 1823 ; in 1824 he was appointed Judge 
of the Supreme Court, and held the 
office until 1886, when he resigned in 
consequence of increasing deafness. He 
died at Detroit, April 4, 1846. He was 



universally respected for his talents and 
manifold virtues. 

Sickles, Daniel E. — He was born 
in New York, in October, 1821 ; ac- 
quired the printer's trade, which he fol- 
lowed for some years ; he studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1843 ; in 
1847 he was elected to the Assembly of 
New York, and in 1856 to the State 
Senate. For a short time, when Mr. 
Buchanan was the American Minister 
in England, he was the Secretary of that 
legation ; and was elected a Eepresenta- 
tive, from New York, to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, and was a member of the 
Committee on Foreign Afi"airs. He was 
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; 
before the expiration of his first term, in 
February, 1859, he killed Philip Barton 
Key for "dishonoring his bed." His 
trial lasted twenty days, and he was ac- 
quitted. He served in the army during 
the Kebellion, and attained the rank of 
Major-General. 

SicJcles, Nicholas. — He was born 
in Kinderhook, New York ; was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from 1835 to 
1837 ; and died at Kingston, New York, 
May 13, 1845. 

Sill, Thomas H. — He was a native 
of Connecticut; a lawyer by profession ; 
and settled in the practice at Erie, Penn- 
sylvania, in 1812. He was a member of 
the Convention to revise the State Con- 
stitution ; and a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 
1831, having served in the same capa- 
city for an unexpired term in 1826. 

Silsbee, Nathaniel. — Born in Es- 
sex County, Massachusetts, in 1773, and 
died at Salem, Massachusetts, July 1, 
1850. He was a distinguished and suc- 
cessful merchant, and frequently elected 
to the State Legislature, and was for 
three years President of the State Se- 
nate ; he served as a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from 1816 to 1820 ; and was a 
Senator of the United States, from 1826 
to 1835. He was the firm supporter of 
the administration of John Quincy 
Adams, and when his term expired, Mr. 
Silsbee officered to vacate his seat in the 
Senate in his favor, but the ex-Presi- 
dent declined the proposal. 

Silvester JPeter. — He was born in 
New York ; was a member of the Al- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



sas 



bany Committee of Safety in 1774, and 
of the New York Provincial Congress ; 
was a Judge of the Common Pleas in 
1776 ; and elected a member of the First 
Congress under the Federal Constitu- 
tion. He was subsequently a State Se- 
nator, and died at Kinderhook, January 
30, 1845. 

Silvester, Peter H. — He was born 
at Kinderhook, Columbia County, New 
York, February 17, 1807; graduated at 
Union College in 1827 ; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; and he 
was a Kepresentative, in Congress, from 
New York, from 1847 to 1851. 

SimMns, Eldred. — He was born 
in Edgefield District, South Carolina, 
August 29, 1779; was educated for the 
bar at Litchfield, Connecticut ; was part- 
ner of Mr. McDutfie ; served frequently 
in the Legislature ; was Lieutenant-Go- 
vernor of South Carolina in 1812 ; a 
General of militia ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from South Caro- 
lina, from 1817 to 1821. Died at Edge- 
field in 1832. 

Sitnnions, George A. — He was 

born in New York ; graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in 1816; served a num- 
ber of years in the Assembly of that 
State ; and was elected a Representative 
in Congress to the Thirty-third and 
Thirty-fourth Congresses, from that 
State. In 1852 he received from his 
Alma Mater the degree of LL.D., and 
died, October 27, 1857, aged sixty-six 
years, at Keesville, New York. 

Sifntnons, James F. — Born in 
Little Compton, Rhode Island, Septem- 
ber 10, 1795. His employments were 
farming and manufacturing ; he was a 
member of the General Assembly, from 
1828 to 1841 ; elected to the United States 
Senate in 1841, for six years, to March 4, 
1847; again chosen for another term, 
beginning March 4, 1857, and served 
as a member of the Committees on 
Claims, on Patents and the Patent- 
office, and on Finance. During the 
Thirty-seventh Congress he was Chair- 
man of the Committee on Patents. Died 
in Johnson, R. I., July 10, 1864. 

Simms, William JS. — Born in 
Kentucky, and elected a Representative, 
from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Con- 



gress, serving on the Committee on the 
Militia. 

Simons, Samuel. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Connec- 
ticut, from 1843 to 1845; and died in 
Bridgeport, Connecticut, January 13, 
1847, aged fifty-five years. 

Sitnonton, William, — He was a 

member of Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1839 to 1843, and died at South 
Hanover, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1846. 

Simj)son, Richard F. — He was 

born in South Carolina, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress from 1843 to 
1847. He graduated at the University 
of South Carolina in 1816; adopted the 
profession of law ; and before entering 
Congress had been a member of the Se- 
nate of his native State. 

Sims, Alexander D. — He was 

born in Brunswick County, Virginia, 
June 12, 1803, and died at Kingstree, 
South Carolina, November 22, 1849. 
He went through a course of studies at 
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and finish- 
ed his education at Union College, New 
York. He read and practised law in 
Virginia, and removing to South Caro- 
lina, taught an academy at Darlington 
Court-house. In 1829 he commenced 
the practice of law in South Carolina, 
and became a prominent member of the 
bar in that State. He had a taste for 
politics, and during the Nullification 
times was active and decided; and he 
was a member of Congress from 1845 to 
1849. He also served in the State Le- 
gislature in 1840 and 1842. 

Sims, Leonards. — Born in North 
Carolina, and was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Missouri, from 
1845 to 1847. 

Singleton, OfJlo R. — Born in Jes- 
samine County, Kentucky ; graduated 
at St. Joseph College, Bardstown, Ken- 
tucky, and adopted the law as a profes- 
sion ; he was two years in the lower 
house of the Mississippi Legislature ; 
six years in the State Senate ; a Presi- 
dential Elector in L852 ; and was elected 
a Representative to the Thirty-third 
Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, from the same State, 
serving as a member of the Joint Com- 
mittee on Printing. Re-elected to the 



334 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Roads and Canals. Joined 
the G-reat Rebellion in 1861. 

^Singleton, Thomas D. — He was 

elected to Congress, from South Caro- 
lina, in 1833, and while on his way to 
Washington to take his seat, in Decem- 
ber, he died at Raleigh, North Carolina. 

SinnicJcson, Thomas. — Born in 

Salem County, New Jersey ; received a 
classical education, and was bred a mer- 
chant. He served in the Revolution- 
ary war at the battles of Trenton and 
Princeton, in the capacity of Captain ; 
was for many years a member of the 
Council and Assembly of New Jersey, 
and the Presiding Judge of the Court 
of Common Pleas ; he was a Correspon- 
dent of the Committee of Safety, dur- 
ing the Revolution ; and a Representa- 
tive' in the First Congress, after the 
adoption of the Constitution, from 1789 
to 1791, and again from 1797 to 1799. 

Sinniclison, Thotnas. — Born in 

Salem, New Jersey, December 13, 1786 ; 
received a common school education ; 
commenced active life as a merchant ; 
was a Judge of the Court of Common 
Pleas for twenty years ; a member of the 
New Jersey Legislature ; Judge of the 
Court of Errors and Appeals ; and a 
Representative in Congress, during the 
years 1828 and 1829. 

Sitgreaves, Samuel. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1795 to 1798 ; and was 
then appointed, by President Adams, 
Commissioner to treat with Great Bri- 
tain. Died, April 4, 1827. 

Shelton, Charles. — Born in Penn- 
sylvania, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New Jersey, from 1851 
to 1855. 

SJcinner, Michard. — He was born 
at Litchfield, Connecticut, May 30, 1788, 
and received his education at the cele- 
brated law school of his native town ; 
he was admitted to the bar in 1800, and 
removed to Manchester, Vermont. In 
1801 he was appointed State's Attorney 
for Bennington County, and in 1809 
Judge of Probate ; and was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from 1813 
to 1815 ; Judge of the Supreme Court 
in 1816 ; and Chief Justice in 1817. In 



1818 he was elected to the lower branch 
of the Legislature, and was Speaker. 
He was Governor in 1820, 1821, and 
1822 ; was reappointed Chief Justice in 
1824, and resigned in 1829. He died at 
Manchester, May 23, 1833, much re- 
spected for his public services and pri- 
vate worth. He was President of the 
Northeastern Branch of the American 
Education Society ; was a member of 
the Board of Trustees of Middlebury 
College, from which institution he re- 
ceived the degree of LL.D. He was 
also interested in various local benevo- 
lent associations. 

Skinner, Thom2)Son J., Jr. — He 

was a Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1796 to 1799, and 
again from 1803 to 1805 ; in 1804 he was 
appointed, by President Jefferson, Com- 
missioner of Loans. 

Slade, Charles. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Illinois, 
from 1833 to 1834, and died in July of 
the same year, on his return from Wash- 
ington, in Knox County, Indiana, after 
an illness of only twenty-four hours. 

Slade Williafn. — Born in Corn- 
wall, Vermont, May 9, 1786 ; graduated 
at Middlebury College in 1^807 ; and 
having studied law was admitted to the 
bar in 1810. From 1814 to 1816 he 
published and edited the Columbian Pa- 
triot, and at the same time kept a book- 
store ; in 1815 he was elected Secretary 
of State, which office he held eight 
years, during six of which, he officiated 
as Judge of the Addison County Court; / 
and was subsequently State's Attorney 
for the same County. From 1823 to 
1829 he was a clerk in the State Depart- 
ment at Washington. His service in 
Congress, as a Representative from Ver- 
mont, was from 1831 to 1843. On his 
retirement from Congress, he was elected 
Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme 
Court of Vermont, which office he held 
one year ; and in 1844 he was chosen 
Governor of Vermont. He was subse- 
quently made Secretary of the National 
Board of Popular Education, having for 
its object, the furnishing of the West 
with teachers from the East. In 1823 he 
published the " Vermont State Papers ;" 
in 1825 the " Statutes of Vermont," and 
in 1844 a volume of " Vermont Re- 
ports." He died at Middlebury, Ver- 
mont, January 18, 1859. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



335 



Slaymaher, Amos. — He was born 
in the London Lands, Lancaster County, 
Pennsylvania, March 11, 1755 ; received 
a good common school education; served 
as a soldier in the Kevolutionary army; 
paid much attention to farming, and 
officiated as a magistrate ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, during a part of two terms, in 
1810 and 1814. He died in Salisbury, 
Lancaster County, Pennsvlvauia, June 
12, 1837. 

Slidell, fToIm. — Born in New York 
about the year 1793, and on reaching 
the age of manhood removed to New 
Orleans, where he established himself 
as a lawyer, and practised his profession 
with success. He was appointed, by 
President Jackson, United States Dis- 
trict Attorney ; was frequently elected 
to the Legislature of Louisiana ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from 1843 
to 1845; while in Congress he was ap- 
pointed, by President Polk, Minister to 
Mexico ; and in 1853 was elected to the 
United States Senate for the unexpired 
term of Senator Soul^, and was re- 
elected for six years, and was Chairman 
of the Committee on the Condition of 
the Banks, and a member of the Com- 
mittees on Naval Affairs, and Foreign 
Relations. He resigned, and became 
identified with the Rebellion of 1861. 
He went to France as a Minister from the 
Rebel government, was captured by the 
San Jacinto, on his passage out, im- 
prisoned in Fort Warren, and after 
being released took up his residence in 
Paris. 

Slirigerland, John I. — He was 

born in Albany County, New York, 
March 1, 1804; received a good common 
school education ; and as a business, has 
devoted nearly his whole life to agri- 
cultural pursuits. He was a member of 
the New York Legislature in 1843, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1847 to 1849. 



Sloan, A, Scott. — Born in Morris- 
ville, Madison County, New York, in 
1820 ; adopted the profession of law ; 
in 1847 was elected Clerk of Madison 
County; removed to Wisconsin in 1854; 
elected to the Wisconsin Legislature in 
1856 ; appointed a Circuit Judge in 
1858 ; and in 1860 was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Wisconsin, to the Thir- 



ty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Territories. 

Sloan, Ithaniar C. — Born in 
Madison County, New York ; received 
a common school education ; adopted 
the profession of law ; removed to Wis- 
consin in 1854 ; in 1858 and 1860 he was 
chosen District Attorney of Rock Coun- 
ty ; and in 1862 was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Wisconsin, to the Thir- 
ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Public Lands, and also that 
on Expenses in the War Department. 

Sloan, Jatnes. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Jer- 
sey ,.from 1803 to 1809 ; a resident of 
Gloucester County, and a member of 
the Society of Friends. Died in New 
Jersey, in November, 1811. 

Sloane, John. — Born in York, 
Pennsylvania, but removed to Ohio, 
while yet a Territory. He was elected 
a member of the General Assembly in 
1804, and in 1805 and 1806 was Speaker. 
He was a Receiver of Public Moneys at 
Canton, from 1808 to 1816, and after- 
wards at Wooster, until 1819, when he 
was elected to Congress as a Represen- 
tative, continuing a member until 1829. 
He was Clerk of the Common Pleas for 
seven years. Secretary of State for three 
years, and Treasurer of the United 
States under President Fillmore. He 
was a Colonel of militia during the war 
of 1812, and died in Wooster, May 15, 
1856, aged seventy-seven years. 

Sloane, Jonathan. — He was born 
in Massachusetts, and having settled in 
Ohio, was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1833 to 1837. 

Slocnni, Jesse. — Was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from North Caroli- 
na, from 1817 to 1820, and died in Wash- 
ington before the expiration of his term, 
December 20, of the latter year. 

Smart, Ephraim K. — Born at 
Prospect (now Searsport), Maine, in 
1813. He was thrown upon his own re- 
sources to obtain means of education, 
which he received at the Maine Wes- 
leyan Seminary. After the study of 
law for three years, he was admitted to 
the bar in Camden. He was appointed 
Postmaster in 1838, and in 1841 was 
elected State Senator. In 1842 he was 



336 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



aid to the Governor, with the rank of 
Lieutenant-Colonel, and was re-elected 
to the Senate the same year. In 1843 
he went to Missouri, and practised law, 
as a^i. attorney, and counsellor and solici- 
tor in Chancery ; hut returned to Cam- 
den, and was again Postmaster in 1845. 
He was a Representative, from Maine, 
in Congress, from 1847 to 1849, and 
from 1851 to 1853. From 1853 to 1858 
he was Collector at Belfast. In 1854 he 
established the Maine Free Press, and 
was its editor three years ; and in 1858 
returned to the practice of law in Cam- 
den, and in September of that year was 
again elected to the Legislature. 

Smelt, Dennis. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Georgia, 
from 1806 to 1811. 

Sfnilie, JTohn. — He was born in 
Ireland, hut emigrated to this country 
when young ; held manj' civil and mi- 
litary positions during the Revolution ; 
served in the Legislature of Pennsylva- 
nia, his adopted State, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1793 to 1795, and again from 
1799 to 1813. Died in Washington, De- 
cember 30, 1813, aged seventy-six years. 

Smith, Albert. — Born in Hanover, 
Plymouth County, Massachusetts, Ja- 
nuary 3, 1793 ; graduated at Brown Uni- 
versity in 1813 ; admitted to the bar in 
1816; removed to Maine in 1817; and 
was sent to the General Court of Massa- 
chusetts in 1820; was for many j^ears a 
Postmaster in Maine ; from 1830 to 1838 
he was Marshal of the United States for 
Maine ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1839 to 1841 ; and in 1842 he 
was appointed the United States Com- 
missioner to settle the Northeastern 
Boundary, under the Ashburton Treaty, 
which business was completed in 1847. 

Smith, Albert. — He was born in 
New York, and was a member of the 
New York Assembly, from Genesee 
County, in 1842, and a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1847. 

Smith, Arthur. — Born in the Coun- 
ty of Isle of Wight, Virginia, Novem- 
ber 15, 1785; was educated at the Col- 
lege of William and Mary ; served with 
credit at the head of a militia force at 
Norfolk, in 1812 ; was a member of the 



Privy Council of Virginia, and subse- 
quently a member of the State Legisla- 
ture ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1821 to 1825. He was a 
lawyer by profession, but never prac- 
tised. Died in Virginia, March 30, 1853. 

Smith, Ballard. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1815 to 1821. 

Smith, Bernard. — He was born in 
Morristown, New Jersey, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from his na- 
tive State, from 1819 to 1821, when he 
was appointed, by President Monroe, 
Register of the Land-office in Arkansas. 

Smith, Caleb B. — He was born in 
Boston, Massachusetts, April 16, 1808; 
emigrated with his parents to Ohio in 
1814 ; and was educated at the Cincin- 
nati College and Miami University ; 
adopted the profession of law, and. set- 
tled in Indiana ; in 1832 he established 
and edited a Whig journal called the 
Indiana Sentinel ; in 1833 he was elected 
a member of the Legislature ; re-elected 
in 1834, 1835, and 18"36, during the latter 
year officiating as Speaker ; in 1847 and 
1848 he was a member of the Board of 
Fund Commissioners ; and he was a 
Representative in Congress, from Indi- 
ana, from 1843 to 1849. He was also a 
Presidential Elector in 1840 and 1856 ; 
and after leaving Congress, in 1849, he 
was appointed, by President Taylor, one 
of the members of the Board for Inves- 
tigating the Claims of American citizens 
against Mexico. He subsequently prac- 
tised his profession in Cincinnati, Ohio ; 
and in 1861 was appointed Secretary of 
the Interior Department, by President 
Lincoln. He was also a member of the 
Peace Congress held in Washington in 
February, "1861. In December, 1862, 
he resigned the office of Secretary, and 
Avas appointed Judge of the United States 
District Court for the District of Indi- 
ana. Died January 8, 1864. 

Smith, Daniel. — He was one of the 

earliest emigrants to Tennessee ; a Gene- 
ral of militia ; and a Senator in Congress, 
from Tennessee, during the years 1798 
and 1799, and again from 1805 to 1809. 
He died in July, 1818. 

Smith, Delazon. — Was born in 
New Berlin, Chenango County, New 
York ; graduated at the Oberlin Collegi- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



337 



ate Institute, of Ohio, in 1837 ; he stu- 
died law, but becoming a writer for the 
press, was associated with the Kochester 
True Jeffersonian, in New York, and 
the Western Empire, in Dayton, Ohio ; 
he was appointed, by President Tyler, 
Special Commissioner to Quito ; in 1846 
he removed to Iowa Territory, where 
he remained until 1852, when he emi- 
grated to Oregon Territory ; in 1854 he 
was elected to the Assembly of Oregon, 
and re-elected in 1855 and 1856 ; he was 
a member of the Convention in 1857 
which formed a State Constitution ; and 
in July, 1858, he was chosen one of the 
Senators in Congress for the prospective 
State, and took his seat as such in Feb- 
ruary, 1859. Died in Portland, Oregon, 
November 17, 1860. 

Smith, EdivardHenry. — He was 

born at Smithtown, Long Island, in 
1809; received a good common school 
education ; was bred a farmer, to which 
occupation he has devoted his whole life; 
and in 1860 was elected a Eepresenta- 
tive, from New York, to the Thirty-se- 
venth Congress, serving on the Commit- 
tees on Agriculture, and Expenditures 
in the Post-office Department. 

Smith, F. O. J. — He was born in 
Massachusetts ; bred to the law ; was 
elected to the Assembly of Maine in 
1831 ; was President of the State Senate 
in 1833 ; and was a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from Maine, from 1833 to 
1839. Of late j-ears he has been much 
interested in telegraph and railroad en- 
terprises. 

Smith, George. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1809 to 1813. 

Smith, Gerritt. — Born in New 

York, and. was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1853 to 
1855. 

Smith, Green Clay. — Born in 

Eichmond, Kentucky, July 2, 1830 ; 
graduated at Transylvania University 
in 1849, and in the Law Department of 
the same institution in 1852 ; was a 
School Commissioner from 1853 to 1857, 
establishing a great number of schools ; 
served as Second Lieutenant in the Mexi- 
can war ; after the breaking out of the 
Rebellion, in 1861, he had command of 
the Fourth Kentucky Cavalry ; and was 



elected to the State Legislature ; was 
appointed a Brigadier-General in 1862; 
was present at the battle of Ball's Bluff 
and about fifty other engagements ; and 
in 1863 he was elected a Representative, 
from Kentucky, to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committees on 
Elections, and on the Militia. His com- 
mission as General he resigned on the 
1st December, 1863. He was a Delegate 
to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. 
His father, John Speed Smith, was also 
in Congress. 

Smith, Isaac. — He was a graduate 
of Princeton College in 1755, and a tutor 
in that institution ; a Representative in 
Congress, from New Jersey, from 1795 
to 1797; was appointed, by President 
Washington, in the latter year, a Com- 
missioner to treat with the Seneca In- 
dians ; and was a Judge of the Superior 
Court of New Jersey. He died in 1807. 

Smith, Isaac. — He was a native of 
Pennsylvania, and a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 
1815. 

Smith, Israel. — Born in Connecti- 
cut, April 4, 1759. He graduated at 
Yale College in 1781, studied law, and 
settled at Rupert, Vermont. He subse- 
quently settled at Rutland, and was sent 
to the State Legislature from that town. 
He was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1791 to 1797, again in 1800, and a 
Senator in Congress, during the years 
1801 and 1802, and from 1803 to 1807, 
when he resigned. He was also appoint- 
ed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 
in 1797, and was Governor of Vermont 
in 1807. He died December 2, 1810. 

Smith, James S. — He was born in 
Orange County, North Carolina, and 
was educated for the medical profession ; 
served in the Legislature of North Ca- 
rolina in 1821 ; and was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1817 to 1821. 

Smith, tfedediah E. — He was a 

Kepresentative in Congress, from New 
Hampshire, from 1807 to 1809; and from 
1822 to 1825 he held the office of Judge 
and Chief Judge of the Court of Common 
Pleas for Hillsborough County ; from 
1810 to 1814 he was also a State Coun- 
cillor; and died in 1828, aged fifty-eight 
years. 



33^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Smith, tTeremiah. — Born in Peter- 
borough, New Hampshire, and gradu- 
ated at Kutgers College, New Jersey, in 
1780, and also received, from Harvard 
College, the degree of Doctor of Laws. 
He was a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from New Hampshire, in 1791, and con- 
tinued there till 1797, being one of the 
last survivors of the distinguished men 
who participated with Washington in 
the administration of the government. 
He was appointed, by John Adams, in 
1801, a Judge of the United States Cir- 
cuit Court, but did not serve, as the' 
office was soon afterwards abolished by 
Congress. He was chosen Governor of 
New Hampshire in 1809, and was for 
several years Chief Justice of the Supe- 
rior Court of the State. His extraordi- 
nary mental endowments not only re- 
mained unimpaired, but even shone 
forth brightest when he was near the 
close of his long life. Few persons have 
been more widely known as statesmen 
and jurists, or have left behind them a 
more enduring reputation. His acquaint- 
ance with books was extensive, and his 
literary taste remarkably correct a'nd 
pure. He was highly esteemed, not only 
as a lawyer and judge, but for his emi- 
nent social qualifications, and for all the 
attributes of a great and good man. He 
was a patron and friend of Daniel Web- 
ster, and died at Dover, New Hamp- 
shire, September 21, 1843. 

Smith, ffohti. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1799 to 1804; from 1804 to 1813 
he was a Senator in Congress ; and was 
appointed, in the latter year, by Presi- 
dent Madison, United States Marshal 
for New York. He died in 1816. 

Smith, John, — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1801 to 1815. 

SmitJi, t/oJm. — He was born in 
1735, was a Senator in Congress, from 
Ohio, from 1803 to 1808, and died in 
July, 1816. 

Smith, John. — He was born at 
Barre, Massachusetts, in August, 1789; 
received a limited education, and re- 
moved in early life to St. Alban's, Ver- 
mont, where he was admitted to prac- 
tice as a lawyer in 1810. He represented 
St. Alban's in the Legislature for nine 
successive years, and was elected State's 



Attorney of Franklin County in 1826, 
and served six years. In 1831, 1832, 
and 1833, he was Speaker in the Gene- 
ral Assembly. He was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from Vermont, from 1839 
to 1841, after which he resumed the 
practice of his profession. In 1846 he 
became enlisted in important railroad 
projects, and was so engaged at the time 
of his sudden death, which occurred at 
St. Alban's, November 20, 1858. He 
received the degree of A.M. from Mid- 
dlebury College and the University of 
Vermont. 

Smith, John B. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Louisiana, 
from 1853 to 1855. 

Smith, John Cotton. — He was 

born in Sharon, Connecticut, February 
12, 1765, and graduated at Yale College 
in 1783. He studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to practice, in Litchfield County, 
in 1786. He was a member of the Ge- 
neral Assembly in 1793, and from 1796 
to 1800 was a member of the Lower 
House, and in 1799 was elected Speaker. 
He was a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from Connecticut, from 1800 to 1806, 
and was again a member of the Legis- 
lature until 1809, when he was chosen 
a member of the Council. He also held 
the several oflSces of Governor of Con- 
necticut, from 1812 to 1817, Lieutenant- 
Governor, and Judge of the Superior 
Court. He received the degree of LL.D. 
from Yale College ; was a member of 
the Northern Society of Antiquaries in 
Copenhagen ; also of the Connecticut 
Historical Society, and of various reli- 
gious associations. He died at Sharon, 
Connecticut, November 7, 1845, and 
had devoted the latter years of his life 
to agricultural and literary pursuits. 

Smith, John Speed. — Was born 
in Jessamine County, Kentucky, July 
31, 1792; served as a soldier under Ge- 
neral Harrison, and was at the battle of 
Tippecanoe; was aide-de-camp to the 
same General at the battle of the Thames, 
in 1813. In 1819 he was elected to the 
Legislature of Kentucky; and was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1821 to 1823. In 1827 he 
was again elected to the State Legisla- 
ture, and made Speaker of the House ; 
and subsequently served several terms 
both in the House and Senate. By 
President Jackson, he was appointed 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



339 



United States Attorney for the District 
of Kentucky ; was at one time a Com- 
missioner to the Legishiture of Ohio, on 
a mission of local interest ; and also 
Superintendent of Public Works in 
Kentucky for several years. Died in 
Madison County, Kentucky, June 6, 
1854. 

Smith, John T. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1843 to 1845, and was a member of 
the Committee on Expenditures in the 
State Department. 

Smith, Josiah. — He was born at 
Pembroke, Massachusetts, in 1745; gra- 
duated at Harvard University in 1774; 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1801 to"l803. On 
his return from Washington, in March, 
1803, he took the small-pox in New York, 
and died at home before the close of the 
month. 

Smith, Nathan. — He was born at 
Roxbury, Connecticut, in 1770; received 
his professional education at the Law 
School in Litchfield ; was a member of 
the Convention that formed the State 
Constitution ; for many years State's 
Attorney for the County of New Haven ; 
frequently in the State Legislature, and 
for several years United States Attor- 
ney for the District of Connecticut. He 
represented his native State in the Se- 
nate of the United States, from 1833 to 
1835. He was long known as an eminent 
lawyer, respected for his integrity and 
ability. He died at Washington, Dis- 
trict of Columbia, December 6, 1836. 

Smith, Nathafiiel. — He was born 
in Woodbury, Connecticut, January 6, 
1762. His education was limited, but 
he obtained distinction by the energy 
of his talents. He studied law, and set- 
tled in practice in his native town, in 
1789. He was for many years a mem- 
ber of the State Legislature, having 
served in both Houses. He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1795 to 1799. In 1806 he 
was elected Judge of the Supreme Court 
of the State, and held the office until 
1819. His legal knowledge was exten- 
sive, and he was greatly esteemed for 
his integrity and piety. He died March 
9, 1822. 



Smith, Oliver Hampton. — He 

was born near Trenton, New Jersey, 
October 23, 1794, and died at Indiana- 
polis, Indiana, March 19, 1859, having, 
from 1817 and the balance of his life, 
been honorably identified with the pub- 
lic history of that State. He studied 
law, and in 1824 he was Prosecuting 
Attorney for the Third District of In- 
diana. He was elected to the State 
Legislature in 1822 ; was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Indiana, from 
1827 to 1829; and a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1837 to 1843. He was the 
author of a work giving his " Recollec- 
tions of Congressional Life," originally 
published in the Indianapolis Journal. 
When in the Senate he was Chairman 
of the Committee on Public Lands, and 
he subsequently devoted much attention 
to the internal affairs of his adopted 
State. 

Smith, JPerry. — Born in Washing- 
ton, Connecticut ; attended the Litch- 
field Law School, and settled in New 
Milford in 1807. He was a State Re- 
presentative for four years. Judge of 
Probate for two years, and a Senator 
in Congress, from 1837 to 1843. He 
died in New Milford in 1852. 

Sinith, Robert . — Born in Peter- 
borough, New Hampshire, June 12, 
1802, and received a limited education. 
He was a farmer by occupation until he 
attained his twentieth year, but subse- 
quently engaged in manufacturing and 
merchandizing. Removing to Illinois 
in 1832, he served in the Illinois Legis- 
lature from 1836 to 1840 ; was Enrolling 
and Engrossing Clerk of the House of 
Representatives of Illinois, from 1840 
to 1843, and was then elected to Con- 
gress, and served till March 4, 1849, 
and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, being Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Mileage. Of late years he 
has taken an active part in organizing 
the railroads in his adopted State. 

Smith, Samuel. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, July 27, 1752. He was 
a distinguished merchant of Baltimore, 
and contributed largely to the advance- 
ment of that city, of which he was once 
Mayor. He rose from the rank of Cap- 
tain to that of Brigadier-General in the 
Revolutionary war. In 1776 he was a 
member of the Convention for framing 
the Constitution of Maryland ; and was 



340 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1793 to 1803, and again from 
1816 to 1822 ; and a Senator in Congress 
from 1803 to 1815, and again from 1822 
to 1833. During a part of the Ninth 
and Tenth Congresses, he officiated as 
President pro tern, of the Senate. He 
died suddenly, at Baltimore, April 25, 
1839. 

SmitJl, Samuel. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1805 to 1809. 

Smith, Samuel. — Born in 1767, in 
Peterborough, New Hampshire ; held 
many public positions ; was for many 
years a manufacturer of paper ; and a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1813 to 1815. He died in 
1842. 

Smith, Samuel A. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Bucks County, 
Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1833, serv- 
ing, during his second term, on the 
Committee on Agriculture. 

Smith, Samuel A. — He was born 
in Monroe County, Tennessee, June 26, 
1822. He lost his father when quite 
young, and, with limited opportunities 
for attending school, spent the most of 
his time on a farm, until he became of 
age. At that time he began to attend 
school in earnest, and at the end of 
three months became a teacher, and for 
two years alternately attended and 
taught school in his native county. He 
also taught school, for awhile, during 
ten months that he studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1845. Du- 
ring that year he was elected Attorney- 
General for the Third Judicial District 
of Tennessee, which office he held until 
1848. He was a Delegate to the Na- 
tional Convention of that year held at 
Baltimore, and was soon afterwards 
elected a Presidential Elector, and was 
again chosen an Elector in 1852. In 
1850 he took a deep interest in the 
afl'airs of the East Tennessee and Geor- 
gia Railroad ; and he was elected a Re- 
presentative, from Tennessee, to the 
Thirty-third Congress, and re-elected 
to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth 
Congresses, and was Chairman of the 
Joint Committee on Printing. In 1859 
he was appointed, by President Bu- 
chanan, Commissioner of the General 



Land-office, and resigned in February, 
1860. 

Smith, TJiomas. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1815 to 1817. 

Smith, Thomas. — Born in Penn- 
sylvania, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Indiana, from 1839 to 
1841, and again from 1843 to 1847. 

Smith, Truman. — He was born in 
Roxbury, Litchfield County, Connecti- 
cut, November 27, 1791 ; graduated at 
Yale College in 1815 ; he studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1818 ; 
he was elected to the State Legislature 
in 1831, and re-elected in 1832 and 1834; 
in 1839 he was elected a Representative 
in Congress, and re-elected in 1841, 
1845, and 1847 ; in 1849 he took his seat 
in the United States Senate, for a full 
term of six years, resigning in 1854. 
Of late years he has been engaged in 
the practice of his profession in New 
York City. 

Smith, William. — He was a Dele- 
gate to the Continental Congress, from 
Maryland, from 1777 to 1778, and a 
Representative under the Constitution, 
from 1789 to 1791, when he was ap- 
pointed, by President Washington, Au- 
ditor of the Treasury. 

Smith, William. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1789 to 1799, and re- 
signed on being appointed United States 
Minister to Portugal, by President John 
Adams. 

Smith, Willia^n. — He was born in 
North Carolina, in 1762; emigrated to 
South Carolina, and was educated at 
Mount Zion College. He studied law, 
and came to the bar in 1792. He was a 
Senator in Congress, from that State, 
from 1816 to 1823, and again from 1826 
to 1831, officiating on two occasions as 
President pro tern, of the Senate. In 
1837 he received the electoral vote of 
Virginia for Vice-President of the 
United States. ■ He served in the Legis- 
lature of South Carolina, and was Judge 
of the Superior Court of that State. He 
was a distinguished supporter of the 
doctrine of State Rights. He was oifered 
a seat on the bench of the Supreme 
Court of the United States, but declined 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



341 



it. He spent the latter years of his life 
in Alabama, and died at Huntsville, in 
July, 1840. 

Smith, WilUani. — Was born in 
Chesterfield, Virginia, and was a Ee- 
presentative, from that State, to the 
Nineteenth Congress. 

Smith, William.— Born in King 
George County, Virginia, September 6, 
1797. After prosecuting his studies at 
Plainfield Academy, in Connecticut, 
and at private schools in Virginia, he 
studied law, and commenced the prac- 
tice in 1818. Soon after he was the 
means of establishing a line of post- 
coaches through Virginia, the Carolinas, 
and Georgia, by which he made a for- 
tune ; and in 1836 he was elected to the 
State Legislature ; and re-elected in 
1840. He was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, during the term of 1842 and 1843 ; 
in 184-5 he was elected Governor of Vir- 
ginia for three years ; and in 1853 was 
re-elected a Eepresentative in Congress, 
in which position he continued until 
the breaking out of the Eebellion in 
1861. He was Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on the Laws of Public Printing, 
and a member of the Committee on 
Territories, in the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress. He subsequently served as a Bri- 
gadier-General in the Virginia army, 
and was wounded at Antietam. 

Smith, William JV. H. — Born in 
Murfreesboro, Hertford County, North 
Carolina, September 24, 1812 ; gra- 
duated at Yale College in 1834 ; studied 
law in New Haven for two years, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1839 ; in 
1840 he was elected a member uf the 
State House of Commons ; in 1848, to 
the State Senate ; before the expiration 
of his senatorial term he was chosen 
Solicitor of the First Judicial District, 
holding the ofiice for eight years ; in 
1858 he was re-elected to the House of 
Commons, but resigned his seat ; and 
was elected a Eepresentative, from 
North Carolina, to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving as a member of the 
Committee on Commerce. He took 
part in the Eebellion of 1861 as a mem- 
ber of the so-called Confederate Con- 



Smith, Williafti It. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from Ala- 
bama, his native State, from 1851 to 



1855, where he acquired reputation by 
making a demonstration against Kos- 
suth. He has chiefly devoted himself to 
literature and law, and has had a seat 
on the bench of Alabama. 

Smith, Williatn S. — He was for 

three years a member of the New York 
Assembly, and a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1813 to 
1816. 

Smithers, Nathaniel B. — He was 

born in Dover, Delaware, October 8, 
1818; graduated at Lafayette College, 
Pennsylvania, in 1836 ; studied law, and 
came to the bar in 1840 ; was Clerk of 
the Delaware House of Eepresentatives 
in 1845 and 1847 ; in January, 1863, he 
was appointed Secretary of State for 
Delaware, which position he resigned, 
and was elected a Eepresentative, from 
Delaware, to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on 
Elections. He was also a Delegate to 
the Baltimore Convention of 1864. 

Smyth, Alexander, — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1817 to 1825, and again from 
1827 to 1830. Died April 17, 1830, in 
Washington, aged sixty-five years. 

Smyth, George W. — Born in 

North Carolina, and was elected a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Texas, 
from 1853 to 1855. 

Sneed, William H. — He was born 
in Tennessee, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1855 
to 1857. 

Snodgrass, John Fryall. — Born 
in Berkeley County, Virginia, March 
2, 1804 ; was a lawyer by profession, and 
practised in Parkersburg, Virginia. He 
was a member of the Virginia Consti- 
tutional Convention assembled at Eich- 
mond, in 1850 ; and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from 1853 until his 
death, which occurred while trying a 
case in court, in Parkersburg, June 5, 
1854. 

Snow, William W. — He was born 
in Massachusetts, and having removed 
to New York, was elected a Eepresen- 
tative, from that State, to the Thirty- 
second Congress. 



342 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Snyder, Adam W. — Born in 1801 ; 
frequently served in the State Legisla- 
ture of Illinois, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1837 to 1839. He was a candidate for 
Governor of the State at the time of 
his death, which occurred at Belleville, 
Illinois, May 14, 1842. 

Snyder, John. — He was horn in 
Pennsylvania, and was elected a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1841 to 1843, and was a member 
of the Committee on the Militia. 

Sollers, Augustus M. — Born in 
Maryland, and was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from his native State, 
from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1853 
to 1855. 

Somes, Daniel E. — He was a Re- 
presentative, from Maine, in the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Public Expenditures. 
He was also a member of the Peace 
Congress of 1861. 

Soule, Nathan. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1831 to 1833. He was also a mem- 
ber of the State Assembly, from Onon- 
daga, in 1837. 

Soule, Pierre. — Born at Castillon, 
in the Pyrenees, during the First Con- 
sulate of Napoleon. He was destined 
for the church, and in 1816 was sent to 
the Jesuits' College at Toulouse. He 
was afterwards sent to complete his stu- 
dies at Bordeaux. At the age of fifteen 
he took part in a conspiracy against the 
Bourbons, and the plot having been dis- 
covered, he was obliged to take refuge 
in a little village of Navarre, where he 
remained for more than a year, follow- 
ing the occupation of a shepherd. He 
was permitted to return to Bordeaux ; 
but he longed for a more exciting scene 
of action, and accordingly repaired to 
Paris. Here, in conjunction with Bar- 
thelemy and Mery, he established a pa- 
per advocating liberal republican senti- 
ments. This soon brought him "under 
the eye of the authorities, and he was 
put upon his trial. His advocate ap- 
pealed to the clemency of the court in 
behalf of the prisoner on the score of 
his youth. This line of defence did not 
suit the prisoner, who rose from his seat 
and addressed the court, denying the 



criminality of his opinions and conduct. 
His eloquence did not save him from St. 
Pelagie, whence he succeeded in mak- 
ing his escape to England. Disappoint- 
ed in his expectations of obtaining a 
situation in Chili, which had been pro- 
mised him, and finding himself alone in 
a strange country, wholly ignorant of 
the language, he returned to Erance. 
At Havre he met a friend, a captain in 
the French navy, who advised him to 
seek an asylum in the United States, 
and off'ered him a passage in his ship as 
far as St. Domingo. He accepted the 
proposition, and arrived at Port-au- 
Prince, in September, 1825. From this 
place he took passage to Baltimore, and 
finally removed to New Orleans, in the 
fall of 1825. Having determined to 
make the law his profession, he first 
applied himself assiduously to the study 
of English, and passed his examination 
for the bar in that language, and was 
admitted. In 1847 he was elected a 
Senator in Congress, from Louisiana, to 
fill a vacancy, and was re-elected, in 
1849, for the term of six years. In 1853 
he was appointed, by President Pierce, 
Minister to Spain. In 1862 he was ar- 
rested in New Orleans for disloyalty to 
the Government, and after an imprison- 
ment of some months in Fort Lafay- 
ette, he was released, on condition that 
he would not return to Louisiana until 
the end of the Rebellion. 

Southard, Henry. — Born on Long 
Island, October, 1749. When he was 
eight years of age his father removed to 
Baskingridge, in the Colony of New 
Jersey. He received but an ordinary 
education, and, as a day laborer, earned 
the money to buy a farm. He took an 
active part in the Revolutionary war, 
and after the adoption of the Constitu- 
tion, served nine years in the State Le- 
gislature, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1801 to 1811, and from 
1815 to 1821. A short time before re- 
tiring from Congress, he met his son in 
joint committee, and they voted toge- 
ther on the Missouri Compromise. He 
died June 2, 1842. He was a man of 
superior talents and remarkable me- 
mory. 

Southard^ Isaac. — He was a Re- 
presentative m Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1831 to 1833. Died Sep- 
tember 18, 1850. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



343 



Southard, Samuel L. — Was the 

son of Henry Southard ; born in Bask- 
ingridge, New Jersey, June 9, 1787. 
He graduated at Princeton in 1804, and 
soon afterwards removed to Virginia, 
where he was admitted to the bar. In 
1811 he returned to his native State, and 
rose to a high position as a lawyer. He 
was, for several years. Deputy Attor- 
ney, and in 1814 was admitted as coun- 
sellor-at-law, and appointed Law Re- 
porter by the Legislature. In 1815 he 
was elected to the Legislature, and, in 
a week after taking his seat, was placed 
on the bench of the Supreme Court of 
New Jersey. In 1820 he was a Presi- 
dential Elector ; in 1821 he was elected 
a Senator in Congress, serving as Presi- 
dent 2)ro tern, of that body ; remained 
there until 1823, when he was appointed 
by President Monroe Secretary of the 
Navy ; he was also acting Secretary of 
the Treasury, and for a short period 
acting Secretary of War. In 1822 he 
was elected a Trustee of Nassau Hall, 
and also of the Theological Seminary 
of Princeton. In 1830 he was elected 
Attorney-General of the State ; and in 

1832 was Governor of the State. In 

1833 he was re-elected to the United 
States Senate, and served until 1842, 
and on the death of President Harrison 
he became the President of the Senate. 
He is remembered in New Jersey as 
the "favorite son" of that State. He 
died at Fredericksburg, Virginia, June 
26, 1842. 

Southgate, William W. — Born in 
Kentucky, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 
1839. 

Spaight, RicJiard D. — He com- 
menced his academic studies in Ireland, 
and finished his education at the Uni- 
versity of Glasgow. He joined the 
American army in 1778, as aide-de- 
camp to General Caswell, and was at 
the battle of Camden in 1780. In 1781 
he entered the House of Commons of 
North Carolina ; from 1782 to 1784 was 
a member of the Continental Congress, 
and also during the years 1785 and 1786 ; 
and he was one of the Delegates to form 
the Constitution of the United States, 
to which his name is appended. In 
1792 he was again elected to the local 
Legislature, and was the same year 
elected Governor of North Carolina. 
•He was a Representative in Congress, 



from 1798 to 1801, after which he was 
elected to the State Senate. On Sunday, 
September 5, 1802, he fought a duel 
with the Honorable John Stanley, was 
wounded in the side, and died in about 
twenty hours. 

Spaight, Richard D. — He was 

the son of the above, and born in New- 
bern. North Carolina, in 1796. He 
graduated at the University of that 
State in 1815; studied law; served four 
years in the State Legislature ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from 1823 
to 1825 ; he subsequently served ten 
years in the State Senate, and was Go- 
vernor of North Carolina in 1835 and 
1836. After retiring from that office, 
he declined all public positions, and de- 
voted himself to agricultural pursuits. 
He died in 1850. 

Spalding, Riifiis Paine. — He 

was born in West Tisbury, Martha's 
Vineyard, Massachusetts, May 3, 1798. 
Went with his parents to Connecticut 
when young; was educated at the Plain- 
field and Colchester Academies ; and 
graduated at Yale College in 1817 ; stu- 
died law, and, removing to Ohio, com- 
menced the practice of his profession in 
Trumbull County in 1821 ; in 1839 he 
was elected to the Ohio Legislature ; re- 
elected in 1841, and was Speaker of the 
House ; in 1849 he was elected a Judge 
of the Superior Court, and held the po- 
sition three years, until the new State 
Constitution was adopted ; and in 1862 
he was elected a Representative, from 
Ohio, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving on the Committees on Naval 
Afiairs, and Revolutionary Pensions. 

Spalding, TJwnias. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Geor- 
gia, from 1805 to 1806. 

Spangler, David. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1833 to 1837, and in 1844 was no- 
minated by the Whig party for Governor 
of the State, but declined the nomina- 
tion. He died in Coshocton, Ohio, Oc- 
tober 18, 1856. 

Spangler, Jacob. — Born in 1768; 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1816 to 1818, and 
subsequently Surveyor-General of the 
State. Died at York, Pennsylvania, 
June 17, 1843. 



344 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Spaulding, Elbridge Cr.— He was 

born at Summer Hill, Cayuga County, 
New York, February 24, 1809; was 
educated at Auburn Academy ; taught 
school, studied law, and was admitted 
to practice in Genesee County. In 1834 
he removed to Buffalo, and in 1836 was 
Attorney of the Supreme Court of New 
York, and also Solicitor in Chancery, 
and in 1839 was Counsellor of the same. 
In 1836 he was appointed City Clerk of 
Buffalo; in 1841 he was Alderman, and 
in 1847 was elected Mayor. In 1848 he 
was a member of the Assembly of the 
State ; and from 1849 to 1851 he was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Foreign Kelations. 
In 1853 he was elected Treasurer of 
the State of New York, and was a mem- 
ber of the Canal Board for two years, 
and is now President of the Farmers' 
and Mechanics' Bank of Genesee, at 
Buffalo. He was also elected to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee of Ways and 
Means. Ee-elected to the Thirty-se- 
venth Congress. 

Speed, TJiomas.—Re was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, 
from 1817 to 1819. 

Speight, Jesse,— Bom in Greene 
County, North Carolina, September 22, 
1795. His education was limited, but 
his natural abilities were of a high 
order. In 1822 he was a member of the 
House of Commons ; in 1823 of the 
Senate, where he continued until 1827, 
officiating several years as Speaker ; 
and he was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, from 1829 
to 1837. He declined a re-election ; 
removing to Mississippi, was elected to 
the Legislature there, and made Speak- 
er ; and from 1845 to 1847, was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from his adopted State. 
He died at Columbus, Mississippi, May 
5, 1847. 

Spence, John S. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Maryland, from 
1837 to 1841, and a Eepresentative from 
1823 to 1825, and again from 1836 to 
1840. Died October 29, 1840. 

Spence, Thomas A. — He gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1829 ; and was 
elected a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from Maryland, from 1843 to 1845. 



Spencer, Ambrose. — Born in Sa- 
lisbury, Connecticut, December 13, 1765; 
in 1799 entered Yale College, and re- 
mained three years, but graduated at 
Harvard University in 1783 ; studied 
law, and settled at Hudson, New York. 
He was a member of the Assembly in 
1793 ; from 1795 to 1798, State Senator ; 
in 1796 Assistant Attorney-General of 
the Counties of Columbia and Eensse- 
laer, and a member of the Council of 
Appointment ; in 1802 was Attorney- 
General for the State ; in 1804 was cho- 
sen Judge, and in 1810 Chief Justice of 
the Supreme Court of the State. In 
1823 he retired from the bench, and 
was engaged at the bar ; and was elect- 
ed a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1829 to 1831. He was 
also Mayor of Albany one term. He 
retired to the village of Lyons in 1839, 
and engaged in agricultural pursuits, 
and in 1844 was President of the Na- 
tional Whig Convention at Baltimore. 
He died at Lyons, March 13, 1848. 

Spencer, Elijah. — He was born in 
Columbia County, New York, and was 
a member of the New York Assembly 
in 1819 ; and a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1821 to 
1823. 

Silencer, J. JB. — He served as a 
Captain in tte war of 1812, and was in 
several engagements ; he was in the 
Legislature of New York in 1831 and 
1832 ; and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1837 to 
1839. He subsequently held the various 
positions of Elector, Magistrate, County 
Judge, Collector, and Indian Agent. 
He died at Fort Covington, Kentucky, 
in March, 1848. 

Spencer, John C. — He was born 
in Hudson, New York, January 8, 1783. 
He entered Williams College, but soon 
went to Union College, where he gradu- 
ated in 1806. President Nott was then 
at the head of the College, and one of 
the last professional acts of Mr. Spencer, 
was to defend in court the President's 
administration for many years of the 
affairs of the College. Mr. Spencer was 
admitted to the bar in 1809, and opened 
an office in Canandaigua. He lived in 
Canandaigua until 1845, when he re- 
moved to Albany, where he resided 
until his death. He was Private Sec- 
retary to Governor Daniel D. Tomp-. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



?45 



kins, and at the age of nineteen, became 
connected with public affairs, and from 
that time until his last illness, no promi- 
nent public event occurred in which he 
did not take an interest. In 1811 he was 
made Master in Chancery ; in 1813 he 
was Brigade Judge- Advocate in active 
service on the frontier ; in 1814 he was 
appointed Postmaster of Canandaigua ; 
in 1815 was Assistant Attornej'-General 
for the western part of the State ; and 
in 1816 was elected to Congress, where 
he remained two years. While there 
he was one of the Committee who ex- 
amined into the atfairs of the United 
States Bank, and their report was drawn 
by his hand. In 1820 he was first 
elected to the Assembly, and was chosen 
Speaker. The next year he was re- 
turned, but was in the minority. In 
1824 he was elected to the State Senate, 
and served four years. He joined the 
Anti-masonic party, and was appointed, 
by Governor Van Buren, Special At- 
torney-General, under the law passed 
for that purpose, to prosecute those con- 
nected with the alleged abduction of 
Morgan. In 1832 he was again elected 
to the Assembly. In 1839 he was ap- 
pointed Secretary of State and Superin- 
tendent of Common Schools, and did 
much to reduce them to a system. He 
served for two years. He was appointed 
Eegent of the University in 1840. In 
October, 1841, he was made Secretary 
of AVar, by President Tyler, and in 
March, 1843, was transferred to the 
Treasury Department, but resigned in 
1844, from his opposition to the annexa- 
tion of Texas. Mr. Spencer was a suc- 
cessful lawyer, but he achieved his high- 
est fame from his connection with tlie 
revision of the statutes of New York. 
Not content with merely preparing the 
statutes, he followed them up with a 
series of essays explaining their pur- 
poses. So great confidence was placed 
in him by the people, that he was se- 
lected to revise the whole body of the 
law of the State ; but his advancing age 
compelled him to decline the task. He 
was industrious, and a man of intellect 
and intense energy. He died at Albany, 
May 18, 1855. 

Spencer, Richard. — He was a Ke- 

presentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1829 to 1831. 

Spinner. FraHcis E. — Born in 

the town of German Flats, Herkimer 



County, New York (where the village 
of Mohawk now stands), January 21, 
1802; and received most of his instruc- 
tion from his father, who was a highly 
educated German clergyman. For 
twenty years he was the executive offi- 
cer of the Mohawk Valley Bank ; he 
held all the commissions, from the Go- 
vernors of New York, from a Lieute- 
nant to a Major-General of the State 
Artillery ; was County Sheriff, and Com- 
missioner for building the State Lunatic 
Asylum. From 1845 to 1849 he was 
Auditor in the Naval Office at New 
York ; and in 1854 was elected a Re- 
presentative to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress, and was re-elected to the Thirty- 
fifth, serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Accounts. He was re-elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving 
as Chairman of the Committee on Ac- 
counts. In 1861 he was appointed, by 
President Lincoln, United States Trea- 



Sprague, Peleg. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Hamp- 
shire, from 1797 to 1799, and is sup- 
posed to have been the father of the 
Representative from Maine of the same 
name. 

Sprague, Peleg. — He was born in 
Duxbury, Massachusetts, son of Seth 
Sprague, in 1792; graduated at Har- 
vard University with honor in 1812; 
and having adopted the profession of 
law, settled in the practice first at Au- 
gusta, Maine, and then at Hallowell ; 
he was a member of the Maine Legisla- 
ture in 1821 and 1822 ; a Representative 
in Congress, from Maine, from 1825 to 
1829 ; and a Senator in Congress, from 
1829 to 1835. On completing his Sena- 
torial term he settled in Boston, and in 
1841 he was appointed Judge of the 
District Court of the United States for 
Massachusetts, which office he now 
holds. In 1847 he received from Har- 
vard the degree of Doctor of Laws. 

Sprague, William. — He was born 
in Cranston, Rhode Island, in 1800. 
When quite young he was elected to 
the General Assembly, and in 1832 was 
chosen Speaker of the House. In 1835 
he was chosen Representative to Con- 
gress, and declined a re-election. He 
was Governor of Rhode Island, in 1838 
and 1839, and in 1842 was elected to the 
United States Senate, serving two years. 



23 



346 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



He was a member of the Assembly of 
his State at the time of his death, which 
occurred in Providence, October 19, 
1851. 

Sprague, William.— R& was born 
in Ehode Island, and, removing to 
Michigan, was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1849 to 
1851. 

Sprague, William. — Was born in 
Cranston, Rhode Island, September 11, 

1830, his ancestors having been for se- 
veral generations honorably associated 
with the manufacturing business of New 
England; was educated chiefly at the 
IrvingInstitute,Tarrytown, New York, 
and subsequently spent several years in 
the counting-room of an uncle, on the 
death of whom one of the largest manu- 
facturing interests in the country came 
into his possession. Having a taste for 
military affairs, he joined an artillery 
company in Providence in his eighteenth 
year, and became a Colonel ; in 1859 
he visited Europe, and was friendly to 
the cause and person of Garibaldi. In 
1861 he was elected Governor of Ehode 
Island, and, on the breaking out of the 
Rebellion, he took a great interest in 
the national cause ; was with the troops 
of Rhode Island at the first battle of 
Bull Run ; and in 1862 he Avas elected 
a Senator in Congress, from Rhode Isl- 
and, for the term ending in 1869, serving 
as Chairman of a newly-formed Com- 
mittee on Manufactures, and as a mem- 
ber of the Committees on Commerce, 
and Military Affairs. He is the Presi- 
dent of several banks, and, when at 
home, takes an active part as a Director 
in various Insurance Companies. His 
father, bearing the same name, was also 
a Senator in Congress. 

Sprigg, James C. — Born in Mary- 
land, and was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1841 
to 1843. 

Sprigg, Michael C. — He was fre- 
quently a member of the Maryland Le- 
gislature ; at one time President of the 
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal ; and a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1827 to 

1831. He died at Cumberland, Mary- 
land, in December, 1845. 

Sprigg, Richard. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress from Mary- 



land, from 1796 to 1799, and from 1801 
to 1802. 

Sprigg, Thomas. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1793 to 1796. 

Spruance, Presley. — He was a 

Senator in Congress, from Delaware, 
from 1847 to 1853. Died in Smyrna, 
Delaware, Pebruary 13, 1863, aged 
seventy-eight years. 

Stallworth, James A. — Born in 

Conecuh County, Alabama, April 7, 
1822. He received an academic educa- 
tion ; studied law ; served in the Legis- 
lature during the years 1845-6, and 
1847-8 ; was twice elected Solicitor for 
his District ; and was elected a Repre- 
sentative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Commerce. Re-elected to the Thir- 
ty-sixth Congress, but resigned in Feb- 
ruary, 1861, to take part in the Rebel- 
lion of that year. 

Stanberry, William. — Born in 

Essex County, New Jersey, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1827 to 1833. He resided in Lick- 
ing County. 

Standifer, James. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Tennes- 
see, from 1823 to 1825, and again from 
1829 to 1837. He died near Kingston, 
Tennessee, August 24, 1836. 

Stanford, Richard. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from North 
Carolina, from 1797 to 1816. Died 
April 9, 1816, in Georgetown, District 
of Columbia, aged forty-seven years. 

Stanley, Edward. — Born in North 
Carolina, and served three years in the 
House of Commons, most of the time as 
Speaker ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1837 to 1843, and again 
from 1847 to 1853. He subsequently 
left his native State, and emigrated to 
California. 

Stanley, John. — He was born in 
North Carolina ; was a distinguished 
member of the Legislature of North 
Carolina ; and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1801 to 
1803, and again from 1809 to 1811. He 
was an able and eloquent debater, great- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



347 



ly respected for his talents and private 
character. While delivering a speech 
in the Legislature, in 1826, he was ar- 
rested by an attack of hemiplegia, from 
the effects of which he suffered until his 
death, August 3, 1834, at Newbern, 
North Carolina. 

Stanton, Benjamin. — Born at 
Mount Pleasant, Jefferson County, Ohio, 
June 4, 1809. He lived on a farm until 
the age of seventeen, and then worked 
at the trade of a tailor until he was 
twenty-one. He studied law, and set- 
tled in Bellefontaine, Ohio, in April, 
1834, wlicre he practised his profession. 
He was elected to the State Senate in 
1841 ; resigned in 1842, but was re- 
elected the same year. In 1850 he was 
a Delegate to the Ohio Constitutional 
Convention, and in October of that year 
was elected to the House of Representa- 
tives of the Thirty-second Congress. 
He was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth 
and Thirty-fifth Congresses ; and was 
one of the Regents of the Smithsonian 
Institution, and a member of the Com- 
mittee on Military Affairs. He was 
also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Military Affairs. In 1862 he 
was Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio. 

Stanton, Frederick P. — Born 
in the District of Columbia, and was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1845 to 1847, and 
again from 1847 to 1855. 

Stanton, Joseph. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Rhode Island, 
from 1790 to 1793, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1801 to 1807. 

Stanton, RicJiard H. — Born in 
the District of Columbia, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1849 to 1855. 

Stark, JBenJaniin. — Born in the 
city of New Orleans, June 26, 1820; 
received an academic education in New 
London, Connecticut, and a commer- 
cial education in the city of New York. 
In 1845 he settled in Oregon and estab- 
lished commercial relations with the 
Sandwich Islands, and with California 
when a Mexican province ; in 1850 he 
abandoned commercial pursuits, studied 
law and came to the bar in 1851 ; in 
1852 he was a member of the Territo- 



rial Legislature of Oregon ; in 1860 of 
the State Legislature of that State ; and 
he was a Senator in Congress, from Ore- 
gon, during a part of the years 1861-2, 
the Thirty-seventh Congress. In 1845 
he erected in Portland, Oregon, his pre- 
sent residence, the first building, which 
was a log trading-house. He was also 
a Delegate to the Chicago Convention 
of 1864. 

Starkweather, David A. — Born 
in Connecticut, and was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1845 
to 1847. 

Starkiveather, George A. — Born 

in Connecticut, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New York, from 
1847 to 1849, and was a member of the 
Committee on Accounts. 

Starr, John F. — Born in Phila- 
delphia in 1818; removed to New Jer- 
sey in 1844 ; has been engaged in busi- 
ness pursuits ; and in 1863 he was elected 
a Representative, from New Jersey, to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Manufactures, and 
that on Public Buildings and Grounds. 

Stearns, Asahel. — He was born 
at Lunenburg, Massachusetts, in 1774; 
graduated at Cambridge University in 
1797; was educated as a lawyer; prac- 
tised with reputation many years at 
Chelmsford ; was several years County 
Attorney for Middlesex County ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from Mas- 
sachusetts, from 1815 to 1817; was ap- 
pointed Professor of Law at Cambridge 
in 1817, and continued in the office till 
1829, when he resigned. In 1824 he 
published a volume on Real Actions, — a 
learned work. He was afterwards ap- 
pointed one of the Commissioners for 
revising the statutes of the Common- 
wealth. After this work was completed, 
his health declined, and he continued 
very feeble till his decease. He died at 
Cambridge, Massachusetts, February 5, 
1839. 

Stebbins, Henry G. — Was born 

in the city of New York in 1812; re- 
ceived a good education ; was brought 
up to the business of banking, and has 
been identified with many of the im- 
portant financial events and trusts of 
his native city. He was at one time 



348 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



identified with the militia of I^ew York, 
and was Colonel of the Twelfth Eegi- 
ment. He was one of the Commis- 
sioners of the Park, and long President 
of the Board of Commissioners. He 
was one of the originators and President 
of the Dramatic Fund Association, and 
an active manager of the New York 
Academy of Music. In 1862 he was 
elected a Kepresentative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving on the Committee of Ways and 
Means. In October, 1864, he resigned 
his seat in Congress, because he had de-" 
clared himself in favor of the war, and 
therefore supposed that he did not re- 
present the peace principles of his con- 
stituents. 

Stednian, William. — He gradu- 
ated at Harvard University in 1784 ; 
was a lawyer of extensive practice ; 
served in the State Legislature ; was for 
several years Clerk of the Supreme Ju- 
dicial Court in Worcester ; and was a 
Kepresentative in Congress, from Mas- 
sachusetts, from 1803 to 1810 ; and died 
in 1831, at Newburyport, Massachu- 
setts, aged sixty-six years. He came to 
the bar in 1787, and was in the Legisla- 
ture in 1802. 

Steele, John. — A Kepresentative in 
Congress, from North Carolina, from 
1790 to 1793. He was born in Salisbury, 
November 1, 1764, and died August 14, 
1815. He was brought up a merchant, 
but turned his attention to agricultural 
pursuits. He served a number of years 
in the State Legislature, part of the 
time as Speaker ; was a member of the 
State Convention to consider the Con- 
stitution of the United States ; he was, 
in 1806, Commissioner to adjust the 
boundaries between the States of North 
and South Carolina ; was a General of 
the militia ; and held the office of First 
Comptroller of the Treasury, under 
Presidents Washington and Adams. 
On August 14, 1815, he was again 
elected to the Legislature, but on that 
day he died. 

Steele, John S. — Was born in 

Delhi, Delaware County, New York, 
March 28, 1814; was educated at Dela- 
ware Academy and at Williams Col- 
lege, Massachusetts ; studied law, and 
came to the bar in 1839 ; in 1841 was 
appointed District Attorney for Otsego 
County, and served his term; in 1847 



removed to Kingston, Ulster County, 
and there pursued his profession ; in 
1850 was elected Special Judge of that 
county ; and in 1860 was elected a Re- 
presentative, from New York, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
the Committees on the District of Co- 
lumbia, and on Kevolutionary Pensions. 
Ke-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, again serving on the Commit- 
tees for the District of Columbia, and 
on Expenditures in the War Depart- 
ment. 

Steele, John N. — Born in Mary- 
land, and elected a Kepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 
1837. 

Steele, Willia^n 6?.— Was born in 
Somerset County, New Jersey, Decem- 
ber 17, 1820; educated at the Soraer- 
ville Academy ; entered early into the 
mercantile business, to which he subse- 
quently added that of banking ; was 
appointed, for several years, by the Gro- 
vernor of the State, a State Director for 
the Delaware and Karitan Canal, and 
the Camden and Amboy Kailroad Com- 
pany ; was elected a Kepresentative, 
from New Jersey, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving on the Select Com- 
mittee on Army Contracts ; and he was 
re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committees on 
Accounts, and Enrolled Bills. He was 
also a Delegate to the Chicago Conven- 
tion of 1864. 

Steenrod, Lewis. — Born in Vir- 
ginia, and elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 
1845. 

Stephens, Abraham P. — Born in 
New York, and elected a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1853. 

Ste2)hens, Alexander H. — Born 

in Taliaferro County, Georgia, Febru- 
ary 11, 1812. He was left an orphan at 
the age of fourteen, when kind friends, 
unsolicited, furnished him with the 
means to obtain an education, all of 
which he subsequently returned with 
interest. He prepared himself for col- 
lege in nine months, and graduated at 
Franklin College in 1832. He studied 
law, and was admitted to practice in 
1834. After paying his debts, his first 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



349 



earnings were devoted to redeeming 
from the hands of strangers the home 
of his childhood, which had been sold 
after his fether's death, and upon which 
he still resides. In 1836 he was elected 
to the lower house of the State Legis- 
lature, where he served five years, de- 
voting himself especially to the internal 
interests of his native State. In 1839 
he was chosen a Delegate to the Com- 
mercial Convention at Charleston, where 
he is said to have made a deep impres- 
sion by his peculiar eloquence. In 1842 
he was elected to the Senate of his State ; 
and in 1843 he was elected a Kepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Georgia, to 
which position he was regularly re- 
elected to the close of the Thirty-fifth 
Congress. He has served on many com- 
mittees, delivered many speeches ; and 
it was while he officiated as Chairman 
of the Committee on Territories that 
the Territories of Minnesota and Ore- 
gon were admitted into the Union. He 
subsequently became identified with the 
Rebellion of 1861, and was chosen Vice- 
President and member of Congress of 
the so-called " Southern Confederacy." 

Stephens, Philander. — Was a 

member of the House of Representa- 
tives in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1829 to 1833. He died at Spring- 
field, Pennsylvania, July 8, 1842, aged 
fifty-four years. 

Stephenson, Senjamin. — He was 

a Delegate in Congress, from Illinois 
Territory, from 1815 to 1816, when he 
was appointed Receiver of Public Mo- 
neys in Edwardsville, Illinois. 

Stephenson, James. — He was 

born in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 
March 20, 1764; and having removed to 
Virginia at an early day, commanded 
a company in the campaign of General 
St. Clair ; was present at the quelling 
of the Whiskey Insurrection in Penn- 
sylvania, and was promoted to the office 
of Brigade Inspector ; he served for 
many years as a Delegate to the Vir- 
ginia Assembly; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 
1803 to 1805, from 1809 to 1811, and 
again from 1822 to 1825. He died in 
August, 1833. 

Stephenson, Jatnes S. — He was 

born in York County, Pennsylvania ; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 



from Pennsylvania, from 1825 to 1829; 
and died at Pittsburg, October 17, 1831. 

Sterigere, John B. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Montgomery 
County, Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 
1831 ; and a member, in 1829, of the 
Committee on Private Land Claims. 

Sterling, Ansel. — He was a native 
of New London County, Connecticut, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1821 to 1825. 

Sterling, 3Iicnh. — Born at Lyme, 
Connecticut, in 1781, and graduated at 
Yale College in 1804. He removed to 
the State of New York, and was for 
some years a member of the Legislature ; 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
1821 to 1823. He died at Watertown, 
New York, April 10, 1844. 

Sterrett, Samuel. — He was a mem- 
ber of the House of Representatives of 
the United States, from Maryland, from 
1791 to 1793; and died at Baltimore, 
July 12, 1833, aged seventy-seven years. 

Stetson, Charles. — Born in New 
Hampshire, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Maine, from 1849 to 
1851. 

Stetson, Lemuel S. — He was born 
in New York ; bred to the law ; served 
for three years in the Assembly of that 
State ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1843 to 1845, from the same 
State. 



StevenSj, Hestor L. — He was born 
in Lima, Livingston County, New York, 
in October, 1803; received a good Eng- 
lish and classical education ; adopted the 
profession of law ; was for several years 
connected with the press in Rochester ; 
and having taken up his residence in 
Michigan, was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1853 
to 1855. Died in Georgetown, D. C, 
May 7, 1864. 

Stevens, Isaac I. — He was born in 
North Andover, Massachusetts, in 1818; 
graduated at the West Point Military 
Academy in 1839, and entered the Corps 
of Engineers, in which service he con- 
tinued until 1853, when he was ap- 
pointed Governor and Superintendent 



360 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



of Indian Affairs for the Territory of 
Washington. This office he resigned in 
1857, having previously been elected a 
Delegate to Congress, from Washington 
Territory, where he continued until the 
breaking out of the Kebellion in 1861. 
As an officer of the army, he was at the 
siege of Vera Cruz, under General Scott; 
fought in several subsequent battles; 
was severely wounded in the final as- 
sault upon the city of Mexico, and was 
twice breveted for gallant services. He 
also served for a time as an assistant in 
the Coast Survey Office in Washington 
City. When Governor of Washington 
Territory, he travelled throughout its 
whole extent, and as Commissioner made 
many treaties with the Indian tribes. 
In September, 1861, he was appointed a 
Brigadier-General in the volunteer ser- 
vice, and was killed in battle, in Vir- 
ginia, in 1862. 

Stevens, James. — He was born in 
Fairfield, Connecticut; served in Con- 
gress as a Kepresentative, from that 
State, from 1819 to 1821, voting with 
the South on the Missouri Compromise ; 
and in 1822 was appointed Postmaster 
at Stamford ; he died at that place, in 
April, 1835, aged sixty-seven years. 

Stevens, Thaddeus. — Born in Ca- 
ledonia County, Vermont, April 4, 1793 ; 
graduated at Dartmouth College in 1814 ; 
during that year removed to Pennsyl- 
vania; studied law and taught in an 
academy at the same time ; in 1816 was 
admitted to the bar in Adams County ; 
in 1838 was elected to the State Legis- 
lature, and also in 1834, 1835, 1837, and 
1841 ; in 1836 was elected a member to 
the Convention to revise the State Con- 
stitution ; in 1838 was appointed a Canal 
Commissioner ; in 1842 he removed to 
Lancaster; and in 1848 was elected a 
Representative, from Pennsylvania, to 
the Thirty-first Congress, also to the 
Thirty-second ; and in 1858 was re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
and also to the Thirty-seventh, during 
which he was Chairman of the Commit- 
tee of Ways and Means, having previ- 
ously served on various important com- 
mittees. In 1862 he was re-elected to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, again serv- 
ing as Chairman of the Committee of 
Ways and Means. He was also a De- 
legate to the Baltimore Convention of 
1864. 



Stevenson, Andrew. — He was a 

native of Culpeper County, Virginia, 
and entered public life in 1804, as a 
member of the State Legislature, where, 
after several sessions, he was elected 
Speaker of the House. He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Virginia,- 
from 1821 to 1834 ; and for the Twen- 
tieth, Twenty-first, and Twenty-second 
Congresses, from 1828 to 1834, was 
Speaker. He was appointed Minister 
to Great Britain in 1836, and remained 
there till he was succeeded by Mr. Eve- 
rett in 1841. After his return to Ame- 
rica, he devoted himself chiefly to agri- 
cultural pursuits, and to the interests of 
the University of Virginia, of which 
institution he was Eector at the time of 
his death. As a friend and neighbor he 
was much beloved. He died at Blen- 
heim, Albemarle County, Virginia, Ja- 
nuary 25, 1857, aged seventy-three. 

Stevenson, John W. — Born in 
Eichmond, Virginia; graduated at the 
University of Virginia ; read law ; and 
settled in Covington, Kentucky in 1841, 
practising his profession with success ; 
was elected to the Kentucky Legislature 
in 1845, 1846, and 1847 ; in 1849 he was 
elected to the State Constitutional Con- 
vention, in which he took a leading part ; 
he was a member of the Democratic 
National Conventions of 1848, 1852, and 
1856 ; he was twice a Senatorial Elector ; 
and was one of three Commissioners ap- 
pointed to revise the Civil and Criminal 
Code of Kentucky ; and was elected a 
Eepresentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, from that State, and was a member 
of the Committee on Elections. He was 
also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, serving on the same Committee. 

Stetvart, Andrew. — Born in Fay- 
ette County, Pennsylvania, in June, 
1792. He studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1815; was soon 
afterwards elected to the State Legisla- 
ture, and served three years ; he was 
appointed, by President Monroe, Dis- 
trict Attorney for Western Pennsylva- 
nia ; and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from 1821 to 1829, from 1831 to 
1835, and from 1843 to 1847. In Con- 
gress and out of it, he was ever a warm 
advocate of what is known as the 
" American Protective System," and of 
late years he has been devoted chiefly 
to the congenial pursuits of agriculture, 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



351 



though paying some attention to the 
business of manufacturing. 

Stewart, David. — He was a law- 
yer by profession, and a Senator in 
Congress, from Maryland, from 1849 to 
1850, by Executive appointment. Died 
in Baltimore, Maryland, January 6, 
1858. 

Stewart, tTarnes. — He was a Ke- 

presentative in Congress, from North 
Carolina, during the years 1818 and 
1819. Died in North Carolina in Feb- 
ruary, 1822, aged fifty-two years. 

Stewart, James A. — He was born 
in Dorchester County, Maryland, No- 
vember 24, 1808; received a good edu- 
cation, and studied law; served in the 
State Legislature ; was a Judge of the 
Circuit Court of Maryland ; and was 
elected a Kepresentative, from Mary- 
land, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty- 
fifth Congresses, serving as Chairman 
of the Committee on Patents. He was 
alsoelected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving on the same Committee. 

Stewart, JoTin. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1800 to 1805. 

Steivart, John. — Bornin Chatham, 
Connecticut, in 1795 ; was by occupa- 
tion a farmer ; served many years in 
the Connecticut Legislature ; was Judge 
of Middlesex County Court ; and was a 
Kepresentative in Congress, from Con- 
necticut, from 1843 to 1845. Died at 
Chatham, September 16, 1860. 

Stewart, WilUaiu. — He was born 
in the town of Mercer, Mercer County, 
Pennsylvania, September 16, 1811 ; was 
educated at Jeiferson College, in that 
State ; studied law, and was admitted 
to practice in 1835. He was a member 
of the State Senate of Pennsylvania for 
three years, and was elected a Kepresen- 
tative, from that State, to the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, and re-elected to the 
Thirty-sixth, serving as a member of 
the Committees on Expenses in the War 
Department, and on Agriculture. 

Stiles, John D. — Was born in Lu- 
zerne County, Pennsylvania, January 
15, 1823; received an academic educa- 
tion ; studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1844 ; in 1853 he was elected 



District Attorney for Lehigh County, 
and held the otBce three years ; he was 
a Delegate in 1856 to the National Con- 
vention which nominated Mr. Bucha- 
nan for President, and was elected to 
the Thirty-seventh Congress, for the 
unexpired term of T. B. Cooper, de- 
ceased (against whom he had run in the 
previous election), serving on the Com- 
mittee on Kevolutionarj' Claims. In 1862 
he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committees 
on Expenditures in the State Depart- 
ment, and Kevolutionary Claims. He 
was also a Delegate to the Chicago Con- 
vention of 1864. 

Stiles, William H. — He was born 
in Georgia, and was elected a Kepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1843 to 1845, and before leaving Wash- 
ington, was appointed Charge d' Affaires 
to Austria. 

St. John, Daniel B. — Born in 
Sharon, Litchfield County, Connecticut, 
October 8, 1808 ; removed to New York ; 
became a merchant's clerk, and then 
followed the mercantile business until 
1847; in 1839 was elected to the State 
Legislature ; served four years as a 
member of the Board of Supervisors for 
Sullivan County ; and was a Representa- 
tive, from New York, to the Thirtieth 
Congress. From 1849 until 1855, he 
had charge of the Bank Department of 
New York, since which time he has 
been devoted to agricultural pursuits 
in Newburg, New York. 

St. John, Henry. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from Ohio, from 1843 to 
1847. 

St. Martin, Louis. — He was born 
in Louisiana, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1853. 

Stockton, Richard. — Born at 

Princeton, New Jersey, April 17, 1764, 
and graduated at Nassau Hall in 1779 ; 
on leaving college he studied law, and 
was admitted to practice at the age of 
twenty. In 1792 he was a Presidential 
Elector. He was a Senator of the Uni- 
ted States from 1796 to 1799, and a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from 1813 to 
1815. In 1827 he was a Commissioner 
for settling the boundary line between 



352 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



New York and New Jersey. He was 
eminently distinguished for his talents, 
was an eloquent and profound lawyer, 
and during more than a quarter of a 
century, was at the head of the bar in 
jSTew Jersey. He died at Princeton, 
March 7, 1828. 

Stockton, Robert Field. — He was 

born at Princeton, JSTew Jersey. Early 
in life he entered the United States 
Navy, and was actively engaged in some 
of the most important naval battles 
during the war of 1812. He command- 
ed the American squadron on the coast 
of Africa, and he was one of the foun- 
ders of the colony of Liberia. He was 
one of the first of our commanders to 
introduce and apply steam to naval pur- 
poses, the famous sloop-of-war Prince- 
ton having been built under his super- 
vision. When war was declared with 
Mexico, he was placed in command of 
our fleet in the Pacific, and performed 
the duties of Commodore, General, and 
Governor, and the foundation of reli- 
gion, education, and social progress were 
laid by his instrumentality in many of 
those outposts of our "Western world. 
Soon after his return from the Pacific, 
he resigned his commission in the navy, 
and devoted himself to the internal im- 
provement of his native State. He was 
elected United States Senator from 1851 
to 1857, serving as a member of several 
important committees. The bill to 
abolish flogging in the navy was intro- 
duced by him. He was also elected a 
Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. 

Stoddart, Ebenezer. — Born in 

West Woodstock, Connecticut, May 6, 
1786, and graduated at Brown Univer- 
sity in 1806 ; he was a lawyer by pro- 
fession, and practised extensively ; had 
several years been a member of the 
State Legislature ; and was Lieutenant- 
Governor of the State for one year. He 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
1821 to 1825, and died at Woodstock, 
August, 1848. 

Stoddart, John T. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1833 to 1835, and was a 
member of the Committees on Claims, 
and on the District of Columbia. 

StoTcely, Samuel. — He was born in 
Ohio ; received a liberal education ; 
adopted the profession of law ; served 



in the State Legislature ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1841 to 1843, serving on two pro- 
minent committees. 

Stokes, Montford. — Born in North 
Carolina in 1760; was for several years 
Clerk of the Superior Court, and sub- 
sequently of the Senate ; in which capa- 
city he became so popular as to be elected 
to the United States Senate, which honor 
he declined. He was again elected in 
1816 to the same position, and served 
until 1823. In 1826 he went into the 
General Assembly as Senator ; in 1829 
into the Commons ; also in 1830, when 
he was elected Governor of the State. 
In 1831 he was appointed by President 
Jackson Indian Agent in Arkansas, 
where he died, in 1842. 

Stokes, William JB. — He was born 
in Chatham County, North Carolina, 
September 9, 1814 ; received, when 
young, only a limited education ; has 
devoted the most of his life to agricul- 
tural pursuits ; served three sessions in 
the Legislature of Tennessee, twice as a 
Representative and once as a Senator ; 
and was elected a Representative, from 
Tennessee, to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, serving as a niember of the Com- 
mittee on Invalid Pensions. During 
the Rebellion of 1861 he served as a 
Colonel in the Union army. 

Stone, Alfred P. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1844 to 1845. 

Stone, David. — Born in Bertie 
County, North Carolina, Pebruary 17, 
1770; graduated at Princeton College 
in 1788; studied law, and rose to a high 
position at the bar. He was four years 
in the State Legislature ; Judge of th© 
Supreme Court from 1795 to 1798; a 
Representative in Congress, from 1799 
to 1801 ; a Senator in Congress, from 
1801 to 1807 ; Governor of North Caro- 
lina in 1808 ; and served a second term 
as United States Senator, from 1813 to 
1814, which position he resigned on ac- 
count of disagreements with his consti- 
tuents. Died October 7, 1818. 

Stone, James. — Born in Kentucky, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1843 to 1845. 

Stone, James W. — Born in Ken- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



353 



tucky in 1813, and died October 13, 
1854. He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1843 to 1845, and again from 
1851 to 1853. 

Stone, Michael.— E^a was born in 
Charles County, Maryland, about the 
year 1750, and died in 1812. He was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from his 
native State, from 1789 to 1791; and 
was subsequently, for many years. 
Judge of the Charles County Court. 

Stone, WilUa^n. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, 
from 1838 to 1839. 

Storer, Bellamy. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1835 to 1837, and was a member of 
the Committee on Revolutionary Pen- 
sions. He adopted the profession of 
law, and was a Judge in Cincinnati. 

Storer, Clement. — He was born in 
1760, and died at Portsmouth, Ne\*^ 
Hampshire, November 22, 1830. He 
was a United States Senator, from New 
Hampshire, from 1817 to 1819. 

Storrs, He7iry It. — Born in Mid- 
dletown, Connecticut, in 1787. He 
graduated at Yale College in 1804; prac- 
tised law some years at ITtica, New 
York ; and during his residence there, 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
1819 to 1821, and from 1823 to 1831. 
He afterwards established himself in the 
city of New York, where he soon be- 
came a very eminent practitioner in his 
profession. He was possessed of exten- 
sive and various acquirements, uncom- 
mon powers of discrimination, great 
logical exactness, and a ready and pow- 
erful elocution ; and as a debater in 
Congress, he stood conspicuous in the 
first rank. He died July 29, 1837, at 
New Haven. 

Storrs, William L. — He was born 
in Connecticut; graduated at Yale Col- 
lege in 1814 ; adopted the law as a pro- 
fession ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Connecticut, from 1829 to 
1833, and again from 1839 to 1840 ; and 
was for many years the Chief Justice 
of the Supreme Court of Connecticut. 

Stoi^y, tfosejiJi. — Born in Marble- 
head, Massachusetts, September 18, 1779. 



He graduated at Harvard College in 
1798 ; studied law ; was a member of the 
State Legislature in 1805, and elected 
Speaker ; and during the years 1808 and 
1809 he was a Representative in Con- 
gress. In 1811 he was appointed by 
President Madison a Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of the United States, which 
office he held until his death. He ac- 
quired a large fortune from his practice 
as a lawyer, and it is said that his in- 
come from the sale of his legal writings, 
which are numerous and of the highest 
order, numbering twenty-seven vol- 
umes, with thirty-four volumes of Deci- 
sions, has amounted to ten thousand 
dollars per annum. In 1830 he was ap- 
pointed Dane Professor in the Law 
School of Harvard University, and sub- 
sequently published his Commentaries 
on the Constitution of the United States. 
In early life he was a writer of poetry, 
and in his later years, was considered, 
even in England, "the first of living 
writers on law." He received the de- 
gree of LL.D. from the Colleges of Har- 
vard, Brown, and Dartmouth. He died 
in Cambridge, September 10, 1845. His 
Life was published by his son, W. W. 
Story, in 1851. 

Stoiit, Lansing. — Born in Pa- 
melia, New York, March 27, 1828; re- 
ceived a limited education, and com- 
menced active life by working on a farm 
and teaching school ; became a Superin- 
tendent of public schools, and studied 
law; went to California in 1851, and in 
1856 was elected to the California Le- 
gislature; in 1857 he went to Oregon, 
and turned his attention to the practice 
of law ; in 1858 was elected Judge of 
Multnomah County ; and before the 
close of that year was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Oregon, to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Expenses in the State 
Department. 

Stow, Silas. — He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New York, from 
1811 to 1813. 

Stoiver, John G. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1827 to 1829, and was a 
State Senator, from Madison County, 
in 1833 and 1834. 

Stranahan, J. S. T.— He was born 

in New York, and was a Reprcauntative 



354 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



in Congress, from that State, from 1855 
to 1857. 

Strange, Robert. — Born in Virgi- 
nia, September 20, 1796 ; educated at 
Hampden Sidney College ; studied law, 
and removed to North Carolina, where 
he took a high position in his profes- 
sion ; he served a number of years in 
the State Legislature ; was elected in 
1826 a Judge of the Superior Court ; 
and held the office until he was elected 
a Senator of the United States, from 
1836 to 1841, but resigned his seat in 
1840, having received from his State in- 
structions incompatible with his ideas 
of duty. He was subsequently appoint- 
ed Solicitor for the Fifth Judicial Dis- 
trict of the State, and toward the close 
of his life, was wholly devoted to his 
profession. He died in 1854. 

Stratton, Charles C. — Born in 
New Jersey in 1796 ; was an active po- 
litician ; served a number of years in the 
State Legislature ; and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from New Jersey, 
from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 
to 1843. He was also a member of the 
Constitutional Convention of 1844, and 
Governor of New Jersey, from 1844 to 
1848, after which he retired to his farm 
in Gloucester County, where he died, 
March 30, 1859. He was a candidate 
for election to the Twenty-sixth Con- 
gress, and although he appeared with 
the broad seal of his State, he was not 
admitted. 

Stratton, John. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1801 to 1803. 

Stratton, John L. JSF. — Born in 

Mount Holly, New Jersey, in 1817 ; 
graduated at Princeton College in 1836 ; 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1839 ; and in 1858 he was elected 
a Kepresentative, from New Jersey, to 
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Elections. 
Ee-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, serving on the Committees of 
Ways and Means, and on National Ar- 
mories. 

Stratton, Nathan T. — Born in 

New Jersey, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1855. 



Straub, Christian M. — Born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1853 to 1855. 

Street, Randall S. — He was born 
in New Haven, Connecticut, and was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1819 to 1821. 

Strohm, John. — He was born, Oc- 
tober 16, 1798, in Lancaster County, 
Pennsylvania, in what is now Fulton 
Township ; received a common school 
education, and taught a school for six 
years. In 1831 he was elected a Eepre- 
sentative in the Legislature of his na- 
tive State, serving three sessions in the 
House and eight in the Senate, and du- 
ring one term as Speaker. He was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from 1845 
to 1847, and for a second term ending 
in 1849. 

Strong, Caleb. — Born in North- 
ampton, Massachusetts, January, 1745, 
and graduated at Harvard College in 
1764. In consequence of poor health he 
did not commence the practice of law 
for eight years afterwards. He spent 
his life at Northampton, where his pa- 
ternal ancestors had lived from the year 
1659. In 1775 he was a member of the 
Committee of Safety; and in 1780 he 
was chosen one of the Council of Massa- 
chusetts. In 1779 he assisted in form- 
ing the Constitution of that State ; and 
in 1787 he also assisted in forming the 
Constitution of the United States. From 
1789 to 1797 he was a Senator in Con- 
gress, and from 1800 to 1807 he was Go- 
vernor of the State ; also, from 1812 to 
1816. Governor Strong was a man of 
unimpeachable moral character, and he 
possessed a vigorous and well-cultivated 
mind. He died November 7, 1819. 

Strong, James. — He was born in 
Windham, Connecticut, in 1783, and 
graduated at the University of Vermont 
in 1806; was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1819 to 
1821 ; and again from 1823 to 1831. He 
died in Chester, New Jersey, August 8, 
1847. 

Strong, Selah R. — He was born in 
Brookhaven, Long Island, May 1, 1792 ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1811 ; stu- 
died law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1814 ; was at one time Attorney for 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



355 



SuflFolk County ; a Eepresentative, in 
Congress, from 1843 to 1845; and was 
appointed, in 1847, a Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of New York. 

Strong, Solomoii.Se was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Massa- 
chusetts, from 1815 to 1819. He was also 
a member of the State Legishxture in 
1812, 1813, 1843, and 1844; Judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas from 1818 to 
1842; and died September 16, 1850, aged 
seventy-one years. 

Strong, Stephen.— B.& was born in 
Connecticut, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from New York, from 1845 
to 1847. 

Strong, Theron It. — He was born 
in Connecticut ; served in the Assembly 
of New York, from Wayne County, in 
1842 ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1839 to 
1841. 

Strong, William. — He was born 
in Windham County, Connecticut, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Vermont, from 1811 to 1815, and again 
from 1819 to 1821. He was also a Sheriff 
for eight years in Hartford County ; 
Judge of the same County ; and member 
of the State Legislature for eight years. 

Strotig, William. — Born in Som- 
ers, Tolland County, Connecticut, May 
6, 1808 ; attended Plainfield Academy, 
and graduated at Yale College in 1828 ; 
taught school in Connecticut and New 
Jersey ; studied law in New Haven, and 
was admitted to the bar, in Philadelphia, 
in 1832; and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Pennsvlvania, from 1847 
to 1851. 

Strother, George F. — He was a 

native of Culpeper County, Virginia, 
a lawyer by profession, and a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Virginia, from 
1817 to 1820, when he was appointed 
Receiver of Public Moneys at St. Louis, 
Missouri. 

Strother, James F. — He was born 
in Culpeper County, Virginia, Sep- 
tember 4, 1811 ; received a collegiate 
education, and adopted the profession of 
law. He served ten years in the Legis- 
lature of Virginia, having occupied the 



chair of Speaker during the sessions of 
1847 and 1848. He was a member, in 
1850, of the Convention which formed 
the present Constitution of the State ; 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
1851 to 1853. Died in Culpeper County, 
September 20, 1860. 

Strouse, JHyer. — Was born in Ger- 
many, December 16, 1825 ; came with 
his father to the United States in 1832, 
and settled in Pottsville, Pennsylvania ; 
received an academic education and stu- 
died law ; from 1848 to 1852 he edited a 
newspaper in Philadelphia, called the 
North American Farmer, after which 
he devoted himself to the practice of 
his profession ; and in 1862 he was elected 
a Representative, from Pennsylvania, 
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving 
on the Committee on Roads and Canals. 

Strudwick, William E. — He was 

a Representative in Congress, from Ma- 
ryland, from 1796 to 1797. 

Stuart, Alexander' H. H. — He 

was born in Staunton, Virginia, April 
2, 1807; his early education was received 
at the Staunton Academy, and in 1824 
he spent one session at William and 
Mary College ; he then commenced the 
study of law, which he finished at the 
University of Virginia, in 1828, and 
was admitted to practice in Staunton 
in that year. His political career began 
as a member of the Young Men's Con- 
vention in Washington, in 1832. In 
1836 he was elected a member of the 
House of Delegates, of Virginia, from 
the County of Augusta, and was re- 
elected in 1837 and 1838. In 1839 he 
declined a re-election and pursued the 
practice of law. He took an active 
part in the canvass of 1840, for Presi- 
dent Harrison. In 1841 he was elected 
a Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, and served till 1843. In 1844 he 
delivered the annual address before the 
American Institute in New York City. 
He was Presidential Elector on the 
Clay ticket, in 1844, having been from 
the outset of life, a devoted personal 
friend of that statesman. He was also 
a Presidential Elector in 1848. In 1850 
he was invited, by President Fillmore, 
to fill the office of Secretary of the In- 
terior, which he held until 1853, and 
then returned to his profession in Staun- 
ton. In 1856 he was a member of the 
Convention which nominated Mr. Fill- 



S56 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



more. In 1857 was elected to the State 
Senate of Virginia, for four years, and 
devoted himself especially to the sub- 
ject of internal improvements. 

Stuart, Andrew. — Born in Penn- 
sylvania ; and was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Ohio, from 
1853 to 1855. 

■ Stuart, Archibald.— Hq was born 
in Virginia, and elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1837 to 1839. 

Stuart:, Charles E, — He was born in 
Columbia County, New York, Novem- 
ber 25, 1810, and adopted the profes- 
sion of law. He was a member of the 
Michigan Legislature in 1842 ; a Repre- 
sentative in the Thirtieth and Thirty- 
second Congresses ; and was elected, in 
1853, a Senator in Congress, serving as 
Chairman of the important Committee 
on Public Lands. 

Stuart, David. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Michigan, from 1853 to 
1855. 

Stuart, J'ohn T. — Was born in 
Fayette County, Kentucky, November 
10, 1807 ; graduated at the Centre Col- 
lege, Danville, in 1826 ; and, having 
studied law, settled in Illinois, where 
he has since practised his profession. 
In 1832 and 1834 he was a member of 
the Illinois Legislature ; he was elected 
a Representative, from Illinois, to the 
Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Con- 
gresses, serving on the Committee on 
Territories. In 1848 he was elected to 
the State Senate, serving four j'ears ; 
and in 1862 he was re-elected a Repre- 
sentative to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on foreign 
Affairs. 

Stuart^ Philip. — He was a Repre- 
sentative m Congress, from Maryland, 
from 1811 to 1819. 

Sturgeon, Daniel. — He was a Se- 
nator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1840 to 1851. 

Sturges, JTonathan. — Born at 

Fairfield, Connecticut, August 23, 1740; 
graduated at Yale College in 1759, and 
became a lawyer. In 1775 he was 



chosen a Delegate to Congress ; he es- 
poused and supported the cause of Inde- 
pendence, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1789 to 1793, when he 
was appointed a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of Connecticut, and continued in 
the office until 1805. He died at Fair- 
field, October 4, 1819. 

Sturges, Leivis Burr. — Born in 
Fairfield, Connecticut, in 1762, and 
graduated at Yale College in 1782. He 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Connecticut, from 1805 to 1817 ; and 
subsequently emigrated to the State of 
Ohio. He died in Norwalk, Ohio, 
March 30, 1844. 

Sullivan, George. — He was born 
in Durham, New Hampshire, in 1772; 
graduated at Harvard University in 
1790, and commenced in early life the 
practice of law in Exeter, which he 
continued for more than forty years, 
and acquired a high reputation. He 
was a Representative in the General 
Court, in 1805 and 1813 ; a Represen- 
tative in Congress, in 1811 and 1812 ; 
and a member of the State Senate, in 
1814 and 1815. He was twenty-one 
years Attorney-General of the State, 
which office he resigned in 1836. He 
died at Exeter, June 14, 1838, highly 
esteemed for his talents and public use- 
fulness. 

Summers, George W. — He was 

born in Fairfax County, Virginia, near 
Alexandria, but has lived from infancy 
in Kanawha County, in the western 
part of the State. He was educated for 
the legal profession, and came to the 
bar in 1827. In 1830 he was elected a 
member of the House of Delegates, and 
continued to represent Kanawha County 
in the Legislature for several years. He 
was elected to the House of Representa- 
tives in the spring of 1841, and re-elected 
in 1843, serving throughout the Twenty- 
seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses. 
In 1850 he was elected a member of the 
State Convention which framed the pre- 
sent Constitution of Virginia. In 1851 
he was unanimously nominated as the 
Whig candidate for Governor, at the 
first election of the Governor by the 
people, that ofiicer having been pre- 
viously chosen by the Legislature, but 
was defeated. In May, 1852, he was 
elected Judge of the Eighteenth Judi- 
cial Circuit in Virginia, and having 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



357 



served in that capacity for six years, he 
resigned his otiice, July 1, 1858, there 
being two years of the term for which 
he had been elected unexpired. He 
has of late devoted himself to agricul- 
ture, and the practice of law, and was a 
Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. 

Stunner, Charles. — Was born in 
Boston, Massachusetts, January 6, 1811 ; 
graduated at Harvard College in 1830 ; 
spent thj3 three following years at the 
Cambridge Law School ; had the edito- 
rial charge for three years of the Ameri- 
can Jurist ; was admitted to the bar in 
1834, and settled in Boston ; was sub- 
sequently the Keporter of the United 
States Circuit Court, and published three 
volumes, which now bear his name ; 
was for three winters a teacher at the 
Cambridge Law School ; soon after- 
wards edited Dunlap's Treatise on Ad- 
miralty Practice ; and about this time 
declined a Professorship tendered to 
him by his Alma Mater. In 1837 he 
visited Europe, Avas received with mark- 
ed attention in England, and remained 
abroad until 1840. During the years 
1844—46 he produced an edition of Ve- 
sey's Keports, in twenty volumes ; from 
that time onward, he frequently ap- 
peared in public as a speaker on various 
philanthropic and literary subjects, and 
two volumes of his orations were pub- 
lished in 1850. In 1851 he was elected 
a Senator in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts ; in 1856, for words uttered in de- 
bate on the subject of Slavery, he was 
assaulted at his desk in the Senate 
Chamber, by Preston Brooks, a Kepre- 
sentative from South Carolina, from 
the effects of which his health suffered, 
and he again visited Europe, having 
been, just before his departure, re-elect- 
ed for a second term to the Senate. In 
1853 he published a work on "White 
Slavery in the Barbary States," and 
in 1856, a volume of "Speeches and 
Addresses." In 1863 he was re-elected 
to the Senate for the third term, ending 
in 1869, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs. 

Sumter, Thomas. — A distinguish- 
ed soldier of the American Kevolution ; 
was a citizen of South Carolina ; and 
was promoted, by Governor Rutledge, in 
1780, from the office of Colonel to that 
of Brigadier-General. For his services 
he received the thanks of Congress, and 
the applause of his country. In 1801 



he was elected a Senator in Congress, 
serving until 1809, when he was ap- 
pointed Minister to Brazil. He died 
suddenly, June 1, 1832, aged ninety- 
seven. 

Sumter, TJiomas D. — Born in 
Pennsylvania, and elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from South Caro- 
lina, from 1840 to 1843. 

Sutherland^ Joel B. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Phi- 
ladelphia County, Pennsylvania, from 
1827 to 1837, and was Chairman of the 
Committee on Commerce during the 
Twenty-fouriH Congress. Died in Phi- 
ladelphia, November 15, 1861. 

Sutherland, Josiah. — He was 

born in New York, and was elected a 
Representative to the Thirty-second 
Congress, from that State. 

Swan, Samuel. — Born in Somerset 
County, New Jersey, in 1771 ; was a 
Representative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1821 to 1831, and died at 
Brunswick, New Jersey, August 24, 
1844. 

Swanwick, John. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, IVom 1795 to 1798. 

Swart, Peter. — He was a member 
of the New York Senate, from Scho- 
harie County, from 1817 to 1820, and 
had been a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1807 to 1809. 

Swearingen, Henry, — Born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Ohio, from 1839 
to 1841. 

Swearingen, Thomas V. — He 

was born in Jefferson County, Virginia, 
and was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 
1821. Died, August 19, 1822, in Vir- 
ginia. 

Sweat, Lorenzo J). M. — Born in 
Parsonsfield, York County, Maine, May 
26, 1818 ; graduated at Bowdoin College 
in 1837, and at the Harvard Law School 
in 1840; during the next two years he 
practised law in New Orleans ; in 1856 
and 1860 he was City Solicitor in Port- 
land ; in 1861 and 1862 a member of the 



368 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



State Senate ; and was elected a Kepre- 
sentative, from Maine, to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Private Land Claims. 

Sweeny, George. — Born in Penn- 
sylvania, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Ohio, from 1839 to 1843. 

Sweetser, Charles. — Born in Ver- 
mont, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1849 to 1853. 

Stvift, Benjamin. — He was born 
in Amenia, New York, April 5, 1781 ; 
he received an academic "education ; 
studied law, and was admitted to prac- 
tice at Bennington in 1806 ; he was set- 
tled for a time in Manchester, and sub- 
sequently in St. Alban's, where he rose 
to eminence in his profession. In 1818 
and 1814, 1825 and 1826, he was a Re- 
presentative to the General Assembly ; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Vermont, from 1827 to 1831^ He 
received the degree of A.M. from Mid- 
dlebury College in 1820, and was a mem- 
ber of the Corporation of that institu- 
tion from 1830 to 1839. In 1833 he was 
elected to the Senate of the United States 
for six years, after which he retired to 
private life. While in apparent good 
health he died suddenly, in an open 
field on his farm, November 11, 1847. 

Swift, Zephaniah. — He was born 
in Wareham, Massachusetts, in 1759; 
graduated at Yale College in 1778, and 
established himself as a lawyer at Wind- 
ham, Connecticut, where his superior 
talents gained him a lucrative practice 
in his profession. He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Connecticut, 
from 1793 to 1797, and in 1800 was Sec- 
retary to Ellsworth, Davie, and Murray, 
in their mission to Prance. Soon after 
his return he was placed on the bench 
of the Superior Court of the State, 
where he continued eighteen years, dur- 
ing the last five of which he was Chief 
Justice. He was afterwards a member 
of the State Legislature, and was one 
of a Committee to revise the Statute 
Laws of the State. He published several 
works; among them was a " Digest of 
the Laws of Connecticut, on the model 
of Blackstone. " He died at Warren, 
Ohio, September 27, 1823. 

Sivoope, Jacoh, — He was a Repre- 



sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1809 to 1811. 

S'wope, Samuel F. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1855 
to 1857. 

SyTces, George. — He was born in 
New Jersey, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1847. 

Taggart, Samuel. — Born in Lon- 
donderry, Massachusetts, and graduated 
at Dartmouth in 1774; he studied for the 
ministry, and settled in Coleraine in 
1777. He was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from Massachusetts, serv- 
ing from 1803 to 1817, and died in 1825, 
aged seventy-one years. 

Tail, Charles. — He was born in 
Louisa County, Virginia, but removed 
at an early age to Georgia. He was for 
several years a Judge of the Superior 
Court of Georgia, and a Senator in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1809 to 
1819. He distinguished himself as a 
supporter of the administrations of Ma- 
dison and Monroe. In 1819 he removed 
to Alabama, and was appointed a Judge 
of the District Court, when first estab- 
lished in that State, which office he re- 
signed in 1826. He died in Wilcox 
County, Alabama, October 7, 1835, in 
the sixty-eighth year of his age. 

Talbot. Albert G. — He was born 
in KentucKy, and was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from that State, to the Thirty- 
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and 
was Chairman of the Committee on Ex- 
penditures in the War Department, 
and a member of that on Roads and 
Canals. 

Talbot, Isham. — He was born in 
Bedford County, Virginia, in 1773; re- 
ceived a good education ; studied law, 
and practised with success ; he was a 
member of the Kentucky Senate, from 
1812 to 1815; from 1815 to 1819 a mem- 
ber of the IJnited States Senate, and 
for a second term, from 1820 to 1825. 
He died near Frankfort, September 27, 
1837. 

Talbot, Silas. — He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1793 to 1794, when he was ap- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



359 



pointed, by President "Washington, Cap- 
tain in the navy, having previously 
served a number of years in the State 
Assembly, from Montgomery County. 

Taliaferro, Benjamin. — He was 

a Representative in Congress, from 
Georgia, from 1799 to 1802." Died Sep- 
tember 3, 1821. 

Taliaferro, John.—^Q was born 
in Spottsylvania County, Virginia, in 
1768 ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1801 to 
180.3, from 1811 to 1813, from 1824 to 
1831, and from 183-5 to 1843. For three 
years before his death he was Librarian 
of the Treasury Department in "Wash- 
ington. He died at his residence in 
Virginia, August 18, 1853. 

Talltnadge, Benjainin. — He was 

born in Sutfolk County, New York, 
February 25, 1754. His military ser- 
vices were very valuable ; he acted a 
prominent part in the capture of Andr^; 
planned and conducted the expedition 
in 1780, which resulted in the capture 
of Fort George and the destruction of 
the British stores on Long Island ; and 
was a member of "Washington's military 
family. After the war, having attained 
the rank of General, he engaged in 
mercantile pursuits, and acquired a 
large property. He was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Connecticut, 
from 1801 to 1817. He was highly re- 
spected for his public services and pri- 
vate character, and died at Litchfield, 
Connecticut, March 6, 1835. 

Tallniadge, James. — He was born 
in Stanford, Dutchess County, New 
York, January 28, 1788; graduated at 
Brown University in 1798, and was by 
by profession a lawyer. He was, early 
in life, private Secretary to Governor 
Clinton, and during the war of 1812 
commanded a portion of the force de- 
tailed for the defence of New York 
City. From 1817 to 1819 he was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, and declined a re-election ; he 
was a member of the Convention which 
framed the Constitution of the State, 
and in 1823 was elected to the Assembly 
from Dutchess County. From 1825 to 
1828 he was Lieutenant-Governor, under 
Clinton, and in 1846 a member of the 
Constitutional Convention of New York. 
For the last twenty years of his life he 



was President of the American Institute 
in New York. He visited Europe, and 
benefited the United States by his intro- 
duction of a knowledge of American 
machinery into Russia, and induced 
that government to adopt it in their 
manufacture of cotton goods. He was 
one of the founders of the University 
of New York, and was President of the 
Council. He was honored with the de- 
gree of LL.D. from that institution. 
He died, suddenly, in New York City, 
September 29, 1853. 

Tallniadge, Nathaniel P. — He 

was born in Chatham, Columbia Coun- 
ty, New York, February 8, 1795; gra- 
duated at Union College ; studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1818 ; 
was a member of the Assembly of New 
York in 1828 ; of the State Senate, from 
1830 to 1833 ; a Senator in Congress, 
from New York, from 1833 to 1844; 
and was subsequently appointed, by 
President Tyler, Territorial Governor 
of "Wisconsin, where he now resides, 
devoted to his profession. 

Tallman, Peleg. — He was born at 
Tiyerton, Rhode Island, in 1764; in 
1778, at the age of fourteen, he entered 
into the privateering service for em- 
ployment; in 1780 he had his left arm 
shot oflf; and in 1781 he was taken pri- 
soner, and was confined in Ireland and 
England till the peace in 1783. He 
soon afterwards became commander of 
a merchant vessel, and, after following 
a seafaring life for many years, he de- 
voted himself to the business of a mer- 
chant, and acquired a large fortune. 
He was a Representative in Congress, 
from Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1813, 
and died at Bath, Maine, March 8, 1841. 

Talniadge, Frederick A. — He 

was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, 
August 29, 1792; graduated at Yale 
College in 1811, and having studied law, 
settled in practice, in New York, in 
1814 ; in 1836 he was elected an Alder- 
man of the city, and also a State Sena- 
tor ; was, subsequently, five years Re- 
corder of the city ; a Representative, 
from New York, in the Thirtieth Con- 
gress ; was again Recorder for three 
years; and in 1857 was appointed Gene- 
ral Superintendent of the Metropolitan 
Police, and was subsequently appointed 
Clerk of the Court of Appeals. 



360 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Tannehill, Adamson. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1813 to 1815. Died De- 
cember 23, 1820. 

Tappan, Senjamin. — Born at 
Northampton, Massachusetts, May 25, 
1773 ; was taught the business of copper- 
plate engraving and printing ; devoted 
some attention to portrait painting ; and 
subsequently studied and adopted the 
profession of law. In 1799 he emigrated 
to Ohio, and was one of the earliest set- 
tlers there ; in 1803 was elected to the 
Legislature of the new State ; he served 
in the war of 1812 as aide-de-camp to 
General Wads worth ; was for seven years 
President Judge of the Pifth Ohio Cir- 
cuit ; in 1833 he was appointed, by Pre- 
sident Jackson, United States Judge for 
the District of Ohio ; and he was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Ohio, from 1839 
to 1845, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on the Library. He died at 
Steubenville, Ohio, April 12, 1857. 

Tappan, 3Iason XF. — Born in 

Newport, Sullivan County, New Hamp- 
shire; fitted for college, and studied law 
as a profession ; he was a member of the 
State Legislature in 1853, 1854, and 18a5 ; 
and a Eepresentative, from New Hamp- 
shire, in the Thirty-fourth Congress, 
and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth and 
Thirty-sixth, serving as a member of 
the Committee on the Judiciary, and in 
the last Congress as Chairman of the 
Committee on Claims. 

Tarr, Christian. — He was born 
in Baltimore, Maryland, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1817 to 1819, and again from 
1820 to 1821. 

Tate, Magnus. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from North Ca- 
rolina, from 1815 to 1817. 

Tatnall, Edward F. — He was 

born in Savannah, Georgia, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Geor- 
gia, from 1821 to 1827. 

Tatnall, Josiah. — He was born at 
Bonaventure, near Savannah, and died 
in the West Indies, in 1804. His boy- 
hood was full of adventure, and at the 
age of eighteen he joined the army of 
General Wayne, at Ebenezer. In 1793 
he was appointed Colonel of a Georgia 



regiment, and in 1800 a Brigadier-Ge- 
neral, participating extensively in the 
military affairs of the State, and serving 
occasionally in the Legislature. He also 
served in 1796 at Louisville, in the Ge- 
neral Assembly that rescinded the Ya- 
zoo Act of 1795 ; and was a Senator in 
Congress, from Georgia, from 1796 to 
1799. 

Tatum, Absalom. — A Represen- 
tative in Congress, from North Caroli- 
na, dviring the years 1795 and 1796. 

Taul, Micah.—Re was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 
1815 to 1817. 

Taylor, George. — He was born in 
Wheeling, Virginia, October 19, 1820, 
and after receiving a liberal education, 
turned his attention to the study of me- 
dicine, but subsequently adopted the 
profession of law ; he was admitted to 
the bar in 1840, and removed to Indiana, 
where he was successful as a special 
pleader. In 1844 he removed to Ala- 
bama, and there practised his profession 
for four years, after which he removed 
to New York, where he now resides. 
In 1856 he was elected a Representative 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a 
member of the Committees on Revolu- 
tionary Claims, and on the Cost of Pub- 
lic Buildings. As an author, writing 
upon topics connected with the natural 
sciences, he has been successful. A work 
published in 1851, and entitled "Indica- 
tions of the Creator, " has passed through 
four editions, and been highly applauded 
by the critics of England and France. 
He has also written much in behalf of 
popular education, and his collected ad- 
dresses' and lectures make quite a large 
and interesting volume. 

Taylor, John. — He was born in 
Orange County, Virginia ; was distin- 
guished for his attention to agriculture, 
and published a work entitled "Con- 
structor Construed : 'an Inquiry into the 
Principles and Policy of the Government 
of the United States, 1814;" and was a 
Senator of the United States, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1792 to 1794, when he re- 
signed, and in 1803, and from 1822 to 
1824. He died in Caroline County, Vir- 
ginia, August 20, 1824, at an advanced 



Taylor, John. — Born in South Ca- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



361 



rolina in 1770; graduated at Princeton 
College in 1790; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1793, but turned 
his attention chiefly to planting; served 
in the State Legislature a number of 
years ; was a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from South Carolina, from 1807 to 1809, 
and also from 1817 to 1821 ; was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from 1810 to 1816 ; was 
a trustee of the South Carolina College 
in 1806 ; a State Senator in 1810 and 
1822 ; Governor of the State, from 1826 
to 1828 ; and died in 1832. He was also 
at one time Keceiver of Public Moneys 
in Mississippi Territory. 

Taylor f, tToJin »7.— He was born in 
Massachusetts, and having settled in 
New York, was elected a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1853 
to 1855. 

Taylor, JoJin L. — Born in Staf- 
ford County, Virginia, March 7, 1805; 
was educated in the common schools and 
seminaries of the neighborhood; studied 
law in Washington City, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1828 ; settled in 
Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1829 ; he was for 
six years Major-General of the Ohio mi- 
litia ; and he was a Ecpresentative in 
Congress, from Ohio, from 1847 to 1855, 
serving from time to time on important 
committees. 

Taylor, John W. — Born in Sara- 
toga County, New York, in 1784, and 
graduated at Union College in 1803. He 
studied law in Albany ; was elected to 
the State Legislature in 1811, and while 
in that body was elected to Congress, 
where he served from 1813 to 1833. He 
was Speaker of the House during the 
second session of the Sixteenth Con- 
gress, during the passage of the Missouri 
Compromise. He removed to Cleveland, 
Ohio, in 1843, where he died in Septem- 
ber, 1854. He was for many years a 
leading and prominent statesman of 
New York, and was esteemed for his 
personal virtues and liberal hospitality. 

Taylor, Jonathan. — He was a na- 
tive of Connecticut, and having re- 
moved to Ohio, was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1839 to 1841. 

Taylor, Miles. — He was born in 
New York, and having taken up his re- 
sidence in Louisiana, was elected a Re- 



24 



presentative, from that State, to the 
Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con- 
gresses, and he was a member of the 
Committees on Claims, and on the Ju- 
diciary. 

Taylor, 3Iiles. — He was elected a 
Representative, from Louisiana, to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on the Judi- 
ciary. Resigned in February, 1861. 

Taylor, Nathaniel G. — Born in 
Carter County, Tennessee, December 
29, 1819; studied at Washingtoii Col- 
lege in that State, but graduated at 
Princeton College in 1840; studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1843 ; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, from 1854 to 1855, as 
the successor of Brookins Campbell. 
He was also a Presidential Elector in 
1853, and of late years has been a min- 
ister in the Methodist Episcopal Church 
South. 

Taylor, Robert. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
his native State, from 1825 to 1827. 

Taylor, Waller. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Indiana, from 
1816 to 1825, and died in Lunenburg 
County, Virginia, August 26, 1826. 
He held offices of trust in the Territory 
of Indiana, served as aide-de-camp to 
General Harrison at the battle of Tippe- 
canoe, and was a man of high literary 
attainments. 

Taylor, William. — He was born 
in Connecticut; was a Representative 
in Congress, from New York, from 
1833 to 1839, and served two years in 
the Assembly of that State, from New 
York City, and two years from Onon- 
daga County. 

Taylor, William. — He was born 
in Virginia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1833 
to 1835. 

Taylor J William. — Born in Alex- 
andria, District of Columbia ; was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
from Virginia, from 1843 to 1847, but 
died in Washington City, January 17, 
1846. 

Tazewell, Henry. — He was a.i &6- 



362 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



nator in Congress, from Virginia, from 
1794 to 1799, and President p?^o tern, of 
the Senate during a part of the Third 
Congress. He died January 24, 1799, in 
Washington. 

Tazewell, Littleton TF.— Born in 
Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1774; edu- 
cated at William and Mary College ; 
studied law, and attained great success 
■ 1 his profession; was a member of the 
Virginia Legislature in 1798 ; a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1799 to 1801 ; a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1824 to 1832 ; and Governor 
of Virginia, from 1834 to 1836. In the 
Senate he was Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Foreign Relations, and Pre- 
sident pro tern, of that body during a 
part of the Twenty-second Congress. 
In 1820 he was one of the Commission- 
ers under the Florida Treaty, and his 
last great eflbrt as a lawyer was made 
in the Supreme Court of the United 
States, in what was known as the "Co- 
chineal case." He died at Norfolk, 
Virginia, May 6, 1860. 

Telfair, Thomas. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Georgia, 
from 1813 to 1817. Died at Savannah, 
Georgia, in April, 1818. 

Temple, William. — Born ia Queen 
Anne County, Maryland, February 28, 
1815; received a good academic educa- 
tion, and adopted the occupation of a 
merchant in Smyrna, Delaware. In 
1844 he was elected to the State Legis- 
lature, and was Speaker of the House ; 
and the Governor of the State and the 
President of the Senate having died, he 
became acting Governor for the balance 
of the term. During the next ten years 
he was a member of the State Senate, 
and declined a re-election in 1854 ; and 
he was elected a Representative, from 
Delaware, to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, but died, before taking his seat, at 
Smyrna, Delaware, in the summer of 
1863. 

Ten Eyck, E. — He was born in 
Rensselaer County, New York, April 
18, 1779 ; graduated at Williams Col- 
lege ; studied law in Albany ; was a 
member of the Assemblj'^ in 1812 and 
1813, and Speaker ; member also of the 
Constitutional Convention of 1822 ; and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1828 to 1825. He also 



held the offices of Judge of the Jefferson 
County Court, and President of a county 
agricultural society. He died at Water- 
town, New York, April 11, 1844. 

Ten Eyck, John C. — Born in 
Freehold, New Jersey, March 12, 1814; 
obtained a classical education under 
private tutors ; studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1835. In 1839 he 
was appointed Prosecutor of the Pleas 
for Burlington County, holding the po- 
sition for ten years ; he was a member 
of the New Jersey Constitutional Con- 
vention of 1844 ; and was elected a Se- 
nator in Congress for the term com- 
mencing in 1859, and ending in 1865, 
serving on the Committees on Com- 
merce, and the Judiciary. 

Tenney, Samuel. — Was born in 
Byfield Parish, Newbury, Massachu- 
setts ; and having received a collegiate 
education at Harvard University, gra- 
duating in 1772, commenced the study 
of medicine. When the Revolutionary 
war began, he was found among the as- 
sertors of his country's rights ; and was 
present at the battle of Bunker's Hill, 
where he was employed in attending 
upon the wounded. He served during 
the whole war, and was attached to the 
Rhode Island line of the Provincial 
army. At the close of the war he re- 
tired from his profession, and settled at 
Exeter, New Hampshire. For many 
j^ears he was Judge of Probate ; and in 
1800 was elected a Representative in the 
Congress of the United States, serving 
until 1807. His death, which occurred 
in 1816, was universally regretted. An 
ardent lover of his country, a faithful 
expounder of her laws and institutions, 
and an elegant scholar, his memory is 
still fondly cherished by many who 
knew him. 

Terrill, William. — He was fre- 
quently a member of the Georgia Le- 
gislature, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 
1821. Becoming tired of politics, he 
took great interest in the promotion of 
agricultural science, and in 1853 he made 
a donation of $20,000 for the establish- 
ment of an agricultural professorship in 
the University of Georgia, which pro- 
fessorship bears his name. He was one 
of the most accomplished and useful 
citizens of his State, and died at Sparta, 
Georgia, July 4, 1855. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



363 



Terry, Nathaniel.— Born in En- 
field, Connecticut, in 1768, and gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1786. He re- 
sided in Hartford, Connecticut, and 
held various offices in his native State ; 
from 1817 to 1819 was a Representative 
in Congress, and died in New Haven, 
June 14, 1844. 

Tesff John. — He was a native of 
Salem, New Jersey, and emigrated to 
Indiana; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1823 to 
1827, and from 1829 to 1831. He was 
Presiding Judge of one of the Circuit 
Courts of Indiana ; and afterwards re- 
moved to Mobile, Alabama, where he 
gained a high reputation for his learning 
and talents as a lawyer. He died near 
CambridgeCity,Indiana,October9,1849. 

Thacher, George. — Born in Yar- 
mouth, Massachusetts, April 12, 1754 ; 
graduated at Harvard College in 1776; 
studied law, and established himself in 
practice in Biddeford, Maine ; he was a 
Delegate to the old Congress, and on 
the adoption of the Constitution, served 
as a Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1789 to 1801 ; in 
1792 he was elected a District Judge in 
Maine, serving until 1800, when he was 
chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court 
in Massachusetts ; and he held the latter 
office until January, 1824, when he re- 
signed, and died on the 6th of April 
following. He was also a member of 
the Convention which formed the Con- 
stitution of Maine in 1819. He was a 
man of superior abilities, and performed 
all his duties to the entire satisfaction 
of the public. He was famous for his 
wit, and when a bill was reported in 
Congress respecting the use of the eagle 
on American coin, he playfully recom- 
mended a goose, for which he was chal- 
lenged by the reporter of the bill, and 
the challenge he ridiculed. 

Thacher, Samuel. — He was born 
in Cambridge, Massachusetts, July 1, 
1776; graduated at Harvard Univer- 
sity in 1793 ; adopted the profession of 
law ; and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, from 1802 to 
1805. He also served eleven years in 
the Massachusetts Legislature, and was 
Sherifl" of Lincoln County from 1814 to 
1821. 

Thayer, EH, — Born in Mendon, 



"Worcester County, Massachusetts, June 
11,1819; graduated at Brown Univer- 
sity in 1845 ; was a teacher in the Wor- 
cester Academy for three years ; was a 
farmer by occupation ; served as Alder- 
man of the city of Worcester in 1853 ; 
he was a Representative in the Massa- 
chusetts Legislature during the years 
1853 and 1854; elected a Representative 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from th ' 
State, serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Militia; and was re-elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as 
Chairman of the Committee on Public 
Lands. He was the founder of the New 
England Emigrant Aid Society ; and 
has been identified with other societies 
of a benevolent character. 

Thayer, M. Russell. — He was 

born in Petersburg, Virginia, January 
27, 1819 ; graduated at the University 
of Pennsylvania in 1840 ; studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1842 ; 
and was elected a Representative, from 
Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Private Land Claims. He re- 
ceived from his Alma Mater the two 
degrees of Bachelor and Master of Arts. 

Theaker, Thontas C. — Born in 
York County, Pennsylvania, February 
1, 1812 ; received a good English edu- 
cation ; removed to Ohio in 1830 ; has 
devoted the most of his life to the occu- 
pation of a millwright and machinist ; 
and he was elected a Representative, 
from Ohio, to the Thirtj'-sixth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committees on the 
Militia, and Enrolled Bills. 

Thihodeaux.B. G. — Born in Lou- 
isiana, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, 
and for a second term ending in 1849. 

Thomas, Benjamin F. — Was 

born in Boston, February 12, 1813 ; re- 
moved to Worcester in 1819 ; graduated 
at Brown University in 1830 ; studied 
law, and was admitted to practice in 
1833 ; was a member of the Massachu- 
setts Legislature in 1842 ; was appointed 
Judge of Probate for the County of 
Worcester in 1844, resigning the office 
in 1848 ; was a Presidential Elector on 
the Taylor ticket in that year ; and in 
1853 he was appointed to the bench of 
the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, 
holding the ofiice six years, when he 



364 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



resigned. He subsequently returned 
to Boston to practise his profession, re- 
siding in West Roxbury, and in 1861 he 
was elected a Kepresentative, from 
Massachusetts, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving as a member of the 
Committee on the Judiciary, and the 
Special Committee on the Bankrupt 
Law. 

Thomas, David. — He was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1801 to 1808 ; served four 
years in the Assembly of that State ; 
and also held the position of State Trea- 



Thomas, Francis. — He was born 
in Frederick County, Maryland, Feb- 
ruarys, 1799 ; was educated at St. John's 
College, in that State; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1820 ; was a 
member of the House of Delegates in 
1822, 1827, and 1829; and was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Maryland, 
from 1831 to 1841. During one term, 
he was Chairman of the Judiciary Com- 
mittee, and a report made by him led 
to the settlement of the boundary diflS- 
culties between Ohio and Michigan. 
From 1841 to 1844 he was G-overnor of 
Maryland; was elected, for the sixth 
time, a Kepresentative to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, and re-elected to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Judiciary Committee. 

Thomas, Isaac. — He was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from Tennes- 
see, from 1815 to 1817. 

Thomas, tTames Houston. — 

Was born in Iredell County, North 
Carolina, September 22, 1808 ; received 
the degree of A. B. from Columbia 
College, Tennessee, in 1830 ; studied 
and adopted the profession of law ; in 
1836 was elected Attorney-Gleneral for 
the State, holding the office six years ; 
was for many years the law partner of 
James K. Polk ; was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1847 
to 1851 ; was a Presidential Elector in 
1856 ; and in 1859 he was elected a Re- 
presentative, from Tennessee, to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Kevolutionary Pensions. 

Thomas, Jesse -B. — He was a Dele- 
gate to Congress, from the Territory of 
Indiana, from 1808 to 1809, and was 



then appointed United States Judge of 
Illinois Territory. He was also one of 
the first Senators in Congress, from 
Illinois, having held the position from 
1818 to 1829, serving on important com- 
mittees. He died in February, 1850. 

Thomas, John C. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1799 to 1801. 

Thomas, JPhileinon. — A native 
of North Carolina, where, during the 
Kevolutionary war, he was engaged in 
many skirmishes with the British. He 
resided some years in Kentucky, and 
was a member of the Legislature of that 
State ; he afterwards removed to Louisi- 
ana, and. in 1810 and 1811, headed the 
insurrection at Baton Rouge, which 
threw off the yoke of Spain from West 
Florida. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from Louisiana, from 1831 to 
1835, and died at Baton Rouge, Louisi- 
ana, November 18, 1847, aged eighty- 
three years. 

Thomas, Philip Fraticis. — He 

was born in Talbot County, Maryland, 
September 12, 1810 ; was educated at 
Dickinson College ; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1881 ; in 1836 
was a member of the State Constitu- 
tional Convention ; in 1838 was elected 
to the State Legislature ; was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1839 to 
1841 ; was, subsequently. Judge of the 
Land-office Court of the Eastern Shore 
of Maryland ; in 1843 and 1845 was 
elected to the House of Delegates ; and 
in 1847 was elected Governor of Mary- 
land. In the early part of 1860 he 
was appointed, by President Buchanan, 
Commissioner of the Patent Office, and 
on the resignation of Howell Cobb as 
Secretary of the Treasury, in Decem- 
ber, 1860, he was appointed Secretary 
of the Treasury in Mr. Buchanan's 
Cabinet. 

Thomas, Richard. — He was a 

soldier in the Revolutionary war, and a 
Representative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, .from 1795 to 1801. Died in 
Philadelphia in 1832, aged eighty-seven 
years. 

Thomasson, William JP. — Born 

in Henry County, Kentucky ; com- 
menced the study of law at an early 
age ; and when eighteen, was licensed 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



365 



to practise at Coi\vdon, Indiana, from 
which place he was elected to the Legis- 
lature. He removed to Louisville about 
the year 1841, and was chosen a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, 
from 1843 to 1847. He afterwards went 
to Chicago, where he is now engaged 
in the practice of his profession. 

Thompson, Alexander. — He 

was born in Franklin Coiinty, Pennsyl- 
vania, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1824 to 
1826 ; died at his residence, in Cham- 
bersburg, Pennsylvania, August 2, 1848, 
aged sixty-three years. 

Thompson, Benjamin. — Born 
in Massachusetts in 1798. He held 
many responsible offices in the town of 
Charlestown, and was several times a 
Representative in the State Legislature. 
He was twice elected to Congress as a 
member from the Fourth District of 
Massachusetts, serving from 1845 to 
1847; and again from March, 1851, till 
his death. He united mental cultiva- 
tion and sound judgment with great 
business talent. His services upon the 
Committee on Military Affairs, during 
the Mexican war, were especially valu- 
able. He died in Charlestown, Sep- 
tember 24, 1852. 

Thompson, George TF.— He was 

born in Ohio, and, removing to Vir- 
ginia, was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 
1852. 

TJiotnpson, Hedge. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, during the years 1827 and 1828. 
Died at Salem, July 20, 1828. 

Thompsoti, Jacob.— Jie was born 
in Caswell County, North Carolina, 
May 15, 1810, and received his educa- 
tion at the University of Chapel Hill. 
He studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1834, and during the follow- 
ing year removed to the State of Mis- 
sissippi. Locating himself in what was 
known as the Chickasaw Country, he 
applied himself to the task of making 
the wilderness blossom like the rose, 
and through his influence the Indian 
lands were divided into counties, and 
became politically identified with the 
State. The consequence was that a 
grateful constituency called upon him 



to represent them in Congress, and, 
having been elected in 1839, he con- 
tinued to serve in that capacity, with 
ability and fidelity, until 1851. On first 
taking his seat in Congress he was placed 
on the Committee on Public Lands, and 
was for some years Chairman of the 
Committee on Indian Afi"airs. He was 
one of the most devoted defenders of 
Mississippi and of the Democratic party, 
at the time when the cry of repudiation 
was ringing throughout the land ; and 
as he had, in 1845, declined going into 
the United States Senate, by appoint- 
ment of the Governor of Mississippi, so 
did he, in 1851, decline a re-election to 
the House of Representatives, prefer- 
ring to lead the more peaceful life of a 
man of fortune, in the midst of troops 
of friends. But this retirement did not 
happen to coincide with the views of 
President Buchanan when he came into 
power, and as he was familiar with Mr. 
Thompson's career in Congress and the 
National Nominating Conventions, the 
natural result was his appointment as 
Secretary of the Interior Department. 
That position he resigned in January, 
1861, and served in the Rebellion as 
aide-de-camp to General Beauregard. 

Thompson, J. B. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1841 
to 1843, and again from 1847 to 1851 ; 
and in 1853 he was elected a Senator in 
Congress for a long term. He was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Private Land 
Claims and of that on Pensions. 

Tliompson, Ja/mes. — Born in 

Middlesex, Butler County, Pennsylva- 
nia, October 1, 1806. He received a 
good education, and commenced life as 
a printer ; he studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1828; he was elected 
to the Assembly of his native State, in 
1832, 1833, and' 1834, presiding during 
the last session as Speaker ; in 1836 he 
was a Presidential Elector ; he was Pre- 
siding Judge of the District Court for 
six years, and a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1845 to 1851. Of late years 
he has been chiefly devoted to the prac- 
tice of his profession, and in 1847 was 
elected a Judge of the Supreme Court 
of Pennsylvania, for fifteen years. 

Tho^npson, Joel. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1813 to 1815, having pre- 



366 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



viously served one year in the State 
Assembly, from Albany, and two years 
from Chenango County. 

Thoinpson, fJoJm. — He was a 

member of the New York Assembly, 
from Albany, in 1788 and 1789, in 1827 
from Delaware County, in 1802 and 
1841 from Dutchess County; and was a 
Kepresentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1799 to 1801, and again 
from 1807 to 1811. 

Thompson^ John. — He was born 
in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in 
1777, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1825 to 1827, 
and again from 1829 to 1837. He died 
at New Lisbon, Ohio, December 2, 1852. 

Tliompson, Jolin. — He was born 
in Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, New 
York, July 4, 1809. He was educated 
at Yale and Union Colleges ; lived on a 
farm until sixteen years of age, since 
which time he has devoted himself to 
the law ; and against his own wishes 
and consent was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New York, to 
the Thirty-lifth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Roads and Canals. 

Thompson, John R. — Born in 

Philadelphia, September 5, 1800; en- 
tered Princeton College, but left in the 
junior year, and devoted himself to mer- 
cantile pursuits, making a voyage to 
China in 1817, and in 1820 established 
himself as a merchant in Canton ; was 
appointed Consul of the United States 
at that port in 1823, and remained there 
until 1825. Since the year 1830 he has 
been engaged in the management of se- 
veral railways, and of the New Jersey 
Canal. In 1844 he was a member of the 
Constitutional Convention of New Jer- 
sey, and was United States Senator from 
1853 to 1857, and was re-elected for the 
term ending in 1863. He was a mem- 
ber of the Committees on Naval Affairs, 
and on Post-offices and Post-roads. He 
was offered a seat in the Cabinet by Pre- 
sident Buchanan, which he declined. 
Died at Trenton, September 13, 1862. 

Thompson, Marie. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1795 to 1799. 

Thompson, PJiilip. — He was a 

native of Kentucky, and a Representa- 



tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1823 to 1825. 

Thompson, Philip JR. — Born in 
1766, and died in Kanawha County, Vir- 
ginia, July 22, 1837. He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1801 to 1807. 

Thomjison, Richard W. — He 

was born in Culpeper County, Virginia, 
June 9, 1809; received a good English 
and classical education ; and his love of 
adventure led him into the wilds of Ken- 
tucky before he became of age. In 1831 
he settled in Louisville, and became a 
clerk in an extensive mercantile house ; 
tiring of this, he removed to Lawrence 
County, Indiana, taught school for a few 
months, but again turned his attention 
to merchandizing, selling goods and 
studying law at the same time. He was 
admitted to the bar in 1834, and was 
almost immediately elected to the In- 
diana Legislature; was re-elected in 
1835; in 1836 he was elected to the State 
Senate, served two years, and was for a 
time President 2^i^o tern, of the Senate, 
and Acting Lieutenant-Governor; he 
was a Presidential Elector in 1840, and 
voted for General Harrison, whose elec- 
tion he zealously advocated with his pen 
and on the stump; and in 1841 he was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
for the term ending in 1843. In 1844 
he was again chosen a Presidential Elec- 
tor ; was again a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Indiana, from 1847 to 1849, 
when he declined a re-election. Since 
that time he has held no public office, 
but has been devoted to the practice of 
his profession at Terre Haute. Presi- 
dent Taylor offered him the appointment 
of Charge d'Affaires to Austria, and 
President Fillmore, the office of Re- 
corder of the General Land-Office, both 
of which honors he declined. 

Thompson, Robert A. — He was 

born in Virginia, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1847 to 1849. Now Land Commissioner 
in California. 

Thompson, Thomas W. — He 

graduated at Harvard University in 
1786 ; was a Representative in Congress, 
from New Hampshire, from 1805 to 1807; 
State Treasurer in 1809; and a United 
States Senator from 1814 to 1817. He 
was a neighbor and one of the earliest 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



367 



friends of Daniel Webster. Died at 
Concord, in October, 1820, aged fifty- 
five years. 

Thompson, Waddij. — B^e was 

born at Pickensville, South Carolina, 
September 8, 1798; graduated at the 
South Carolina College in 1814, and hav- 
ing studied law, was admitted to the bar 
in 1819. He has served in the Legisla- 
ture of his native State ; was at one 
time Solicitor for the Western Circuit of 
South Carolina ; was chosen a Presiden- 
tial Elector ; attained the military title 
of Brigadier-General; and was appoint- 
ed, in 1842, Minister Plenipotentiary to 
Mexico, about which he published an 
interesting work. He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1835 to 1841, 
serving, in 1840, as Chairman of the 
Committee on Military Affairs. 

Thoftijison, Wiley. — He was a 

native of Amelia County, Virginia, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Georgia, from 1821 to 1833. 

Thompson, William. — He was 

born in Pennsylvania, and having set- 
tled in Iowa, was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1847 to 1851. 

Thoringtou, James. — He was 

born in North Carolina, andremoving to 
Iowa, was elected a Representative from 
that State to the Thirty-fourth Con- 
gress. 

Thi'ooj), Etios T. — He was born 
in Johnstown, Montgomery County, 
New York, August 21, 1784; while 
performing the duties of an attorney's 
clerk, he acquired a classical education; 
studied law, and settled in Auburn; was 
a Representative in Congress during the 
years 1815 and 1816; in 1823 was elected 
Circuit Judge; in 1829, Lieutenant-Go- 
vernor of New York ; and in 1831 was 
Governor of that State. In 1838 he 
was appointed Charge d 'Affaires to the 
two Sicilies. 

Thriiston, Buekner. — Born in 
Virginia, about the year 1763. He emi- 
grated in early life to Kentucky, and 
being possessed of superior talents, he 
was soon called into the public service. 
He was appointed Federal Judge in the 
Territory of Orleans, in 1805, and was 
the same year elected a member of the 



United States Senate, from Kentucky, 
for six years, but he resigned in 1809, 
on being appointed, by President Madi- 
son, Judge of the United States Circuit 
Court of the District of Columbia, which 
ofiice he held until his death, which oc- 
curred at Washington, August 30, 1845. 

TJiurman, Allen G. — He was 

born in Virginia, and having taken up 
his residence in Ohio, was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1845 to 1847. 

Thunnan, John R. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1849 to 1851, and died in 
New York, July 25, 1854. 

Thurston, JBenjamin B. — He 

was born in Hopkinton, Rhode Island, 
June 29, 1804 ; he received a common 
school education ; was bred a merchant ; 
was elected fourteen years in succession 
to the Assembly of his native State ; 
and in 1838 was Lieutenant-Governor ; 
and he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Rhode Island, from 1847 to 
1849, and again from 1851 to 1857. He 
was subsequently elected a member of 
the Senate of Rhode Island. 

Thurston, John B, — He was born 
in Virginia in 1757; studied law, and 
emigrated to Kentucky, whence he was 
sent to the United States Senate, in 
1805, for a long term. He was subse- 
quently elected a Judge of the Circuit 
Court of Kentucky, in which position 
he continued until his death, which oc- 
curred at Washington, August 30, 1845. 

Thui^ston, Samuel It. — He was 

born in Maine ; graduated at Bowdoin 
College in 1843, and was a Delegate in 
Congress, from the Territory of Oregon, 
from 1849 to 1851. He died on board 
the steamer California, on her passage 
from Panama to San Francisco, April 
9, 1851. 

Tihhatts, John W. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1847. 

Tibbetts, George. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1803 to 1805, and a member 
of the State Assembly, from Rensse- 



368 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



laer County, in 1802 and 1820, and of 
the State Senate, from 1815 to 1818. 

Tichenor, Isaac. — He was born in 
1754 ; graduated at Princeton College 
in 1775; and died at Bennington, Ver- 
mont, in December, 1838. He was an 
officer of the Revolution ; a Judge of 
the Supreme Court of Vermont ; a Ee- 
presentative in the State Legislature; 
and a Senator in Congress, during the 
sessions of 1796 and 1797, when he re- 
signed ; Governor of Vermont from 
1797 to 1808 ; and again in the United 
States Senate, from 1815 to 1821. 

Tiffin, Edtvard. — He was born in 
1765 ; was Grovernor of Ohio, from 1803 
to 1807 ; and a Senator in Congress, 
from that State, from 1807 to 1809. He 
died 9th July, 1829. 

Tilden, Daniel jB.— He was born 
in Connecticut, and, having settled in 
Ohio, was elected a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 
1847. 

Tillinghast, Joseph L. — Born in 

Taunton, Massachusetts, in 1791, and 
removed to Ehode Island in his boy- 
hood. He graduated at Brown Univer- 
sity in 1819, and in 1838 was elected a 
member of the Board of Trustees of that 
institution. He studied law, and de- 
voted himself to its practice in Provi- 
dence, with marked success, for thirty 
years ; and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Ehode Island, from 1837 
to 1843. He was also for many years a 
member of the State Legislature, and 
was elected Speaker on several occa- 
sions ; and to him was awarded the au- 
thorship of the free schools and im- 
proved judiciary systems of his native 
State. Died December 30, 1844, at Pro- 
vidence, Ehode Island. 

Tillinghast, Thomas. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from Ehode 
Island, from 1797 to 1799, and again 
from 1801 to 1803. 

Tipton, John. — He was a Senator 
in Congress, from Indiana, from 1831 
to 1889 ; and died at Logansport, of 
apoplexy, in 1889. 

Titus, Obadiah. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1837 to 1839. 



Todd, John. — He was born in 
Hartford, Connecticut, and was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1821 to 1824. Died 
March 28, 1830. 

Todd, John S. S. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and, having settled in 
Dakota, was elected a Delegate to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress. During the 
first session of the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress he contested the seat, as Delegate, 
which had been assigned to William 
Jayne, and was admitted as the duly 
elected Delegate from Dakota. 

Todd, Lemuel. — Born in Carlisle, 
Pennsylvania, July 29, 1817; educated 
at Dickinson College ; studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1841, and 
practised in his native town. In 1854 
he was elected a Eepresentative to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress. 

Toland, George TV. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1837 to 1843. 

Tomlinson, Crideon. — He was 

born at Stratford, Connecticut, Decem- 
ber 31, 1780, and graduated at Yale Col- 
lege in 1802. He studied law, and prac- 
tised the profession in Fairfield. He 
was then called to public life, and in 
1818 was chosen a Eepresentative in 
Congress, in which office he was con- 
tinued till 1827. In that year he was 
chosen Governor of Connecticut, and re- 
mained in that station until March, 
1831 , when, on being appointed a Senator 
of the United States, he resigned his 
office as Governor. After six years' ser- 
vice he returned to private life. Died 
October 8, 1854, at Fairfield, Connec- 
ticut. 

Tomlinson, Thotnas A. — He was 

born in New York ; served in the State 
Assembly, from Essex County, in 1835 
and 1836, and was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from 1841 to 1843. 

Tom2)fcins, Caleb. — He was born 
in Westchester County, New York, and 
was a member of the New York Assem- 
bly, from that county, from 1804 to 
1806 ; and was elected a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from New York, from 1817 
to 1821. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



369 



Totnplcins, ChristopJier. — He 

was a Representative in Coni;ress, from 
Kentucky, from 1831 to 1835, and died 
at Glasgow, Kentucky, in 184:5. 

Tomphins, Cydtior B. — Born in 

Belmont County, Ohio, November 8, 
1810, and was educated at the Ohio 
University, at Athens ; was bred a far- 
mer, and afterwards studied law, having 
practised for twenty-two years ; and 
was elected a Eepresentative, from Ohio, 
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as 
a member of the Committee on the Mi- 
litia. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
Military Affairs. 

Tompkins, Daniel D. — He was 

born in Westchester County, New York, 
June 21, 1774. His father was a farmer, 
and he was his seventh son. He gradu- 
ated at Columbia College in 1795, then 
studied law, and was admitted to prac- 
tice in the city of New York in 1797. 
In 1821 he was a member of the Consti- 
tutional Convention of the State, and 
also served in the State Legislature. He 
was elected a Representative in' Con- 
gress, from 1805 to 1807, but resigned to 
accept an appointment as Associate 
Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
State. In 1807 he was elected Governor 
of the State, and held that ofiice ten 
years. His aid in support of the Na- 
tional Government, during the war of 
1812, gave him prominence as a states- 
man. He prorogued the State Legisla- 
ture in 1812 for the space of ten months, 
to prevent the establishment of the Bank 
of America in the city of New York ; 
his opposition postponed, but did not 
defeat the measure, and a charter was 
granted in 1813. In 1817 he resigned 
the office of Governor, and was elected 
Vice-President of the United States, 
and served two terms ; by virtue of 
which office he was also President of the 
Senate. He died in New York, June 
11, 1825. 

Tompkuis, Patrick W. — He was 

born in Kentucky, and settling in Mis- 
sissippi, was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 
1849. 

Toombs, Robert. — He was born in 
Wilkes County, Georgia, July 2, 1810. 
The first three years of his collegiate 
life were spent at the University of 



Georgia, but he left it during the senior 
year, and went to Schenectady, New 
York, and graduated at Union College. 
He read law at the University of Vir- 
ginia under Judge Lomas ; was admit- 
ted to the bar of Georgia in 1829, and 
practised regularly until his election 
to Congress in 1845. His first public 
service was as Captain of volunteers in 
the Creek war, in 1836, under General 
Winfield Scott. In 1837 he was elected 
to the Legislature, from his native 
county, where he now resides, and with 
the exception of 1841, continued a mem- 
ber of the lower branch, until his elec- 
tion to the Federal House of Represen- 
tatives, where he served during the 
Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty-first, 
and Thirty-second Congresses. He en- 
tered the Senate during the Thirty-third 
Congress for six years, and was re-elected 
for a second term, ending March 4, 1865. 
In the House and also in the Senate 
he always served on important com- 
mittees. He resigned in 1861, and be- 
came Secretary of State in the Rebel 
government, and was also a Brigadier- 
General in the Great Rebellion. 

Toucey, Isaac. — He was born in 
Connecticut in 1798. He received a 
common school education ; adopted the 
profession of law, and early in life was 
State's Attorney for his native county. 
He was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1835 to 1839 ; in 1846 was elected 
Governor of Connecticut ; in 1848 went 
into President Polk's cabinet as Attor- 
ney-General ; in 1850 he was elected to 
the State Senate of Connecticut ; he was 
a Senator in Congress, from 1852 to 
1857 ; and in March of the latter year 
went into President Buchanan's cabinet 
as Secretary of the Navy. 

Towns, Ge07'ffe IV. B. — Born in 
Wilkes County, Georgia, May 4, 1802. 
He was prevented by ill health from re- 
ceiving a collegiate education, and com- 
menced life as a merchant; afterwards 
studied law ; was admitted to the bar of 
Alabama in 1824, and for a time per- 
formed the duties of editor of a political 
paper. In 1826 he returned to Georgia, 
and settled in Talbot County. He served 
for several years in both branclnvs of the 
Legislature of that State, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1835 to 
1839, and was re-elected in 1846 ; his 
last public position was that of Governor 
of Georgia, to which office he was elected 



370 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



in 1847, and was re-elected in 1849. He 
died at Macon, July 15, 1854. 

Townsend, George. — He was a 

Representative in Consjress, from New 
York, from 1815 to 18f9. 

Townsend, N. 5.— He was born in 
England, and having settled in Ohio, 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

Tracy, Albert H.—'Re was born, 
in Norwich, Connecticut, June 17, 1793 ; 
received a good classical education ; 
studied medicine with his father, but 
when eighteen years of age he removed 
to New York State, studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1815 ; and 
he served three terms in Congress as a 
Representative from a district compre- 
hending almost the whole of that part 
of New York west of Seneca Lake, 
from 1819 to 1825 ; and in 1829 he was 
elected to the Senate of New York for 
four years, and was re-elected for a se- 
cond term of four years. He was a sup- 
porter of Mr. Adams for President, and 
declined a seat in his cabinet ; he also 
declined a Judgeship tendered by Go- 
vernor Clinton. Died at Buffalo, Sep- 
tember 19, 1859. 

Tracy, Andrew. — He was born in 
Vermont ; educated a lawyer ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1853 to 1855. He also served 
ten years in both branches of the State 
Legislature, and was Speaker from 1842 
to 1845. 

Tracy, H. W. — He was born in 
Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, Sep- 
tember 24, 1807 ; was bred a farmer, and 
devoted some attention to mercantile 
pursuits ; in 1861 and 1862 he was elected 
to the State Legislature ; was a member 
of the Chicago Convention which nomi- 
nated Mr. Lincoln for President ; and 
was elected a Representative, from 
Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committees for the 
District of Columbia, and on Expendi- 
tures in the Navy Department. 

Tracy, Phineas L. — He was born 
in Norwich, Connecticut ; graduated at 
Yale College in 1806 ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Genesee 
County, New York, from 1827 to 1833, 



and was a member of the Committee on 
Expenditures on Public Buildings. 

Tracy, TTri. — He was born in Erank- 
lin, Connecticut, and graduated at Yale 
College in 1789 ; was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 1805 
to 1807, and again from 1809 to 1813, 
and died in 1813. 

Tracy, Uriah. — Born in Franklin, 
Connecticut, February 2, 1755; gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1778; read law 
in Litchfield, and settled in that town. 
He was often chosen a State Represen- 
tative, and in 1793 was Speaker of the 
House. He was a Representative in 
Congress from 1793 to 1796, and from 
1796 to 1807 a Senator of the United 
States, officiating for a short time as Pre- 
sident pro tern, of the Senate. He was 
also a Major-General of militia; com- 
manded the respect and enjoyed the 
friendship of the leading men of his 
time; and died at Washington City, 
July 19, 1807, and was the first person 
buried in the Congressional burying- 
ground. 

Trafton, Mark. — He was born in 
Maine, and elected a Representative, 
from Massachusetts, to the Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

Train, Charles M. — Born in Fra- 

mingham, Massachusetts, in 1817 ; work- 
ed on a farm until fifteen ; graduated at 
Brown University in 1837 ; studied law, 
and finished his legal education at Cam- 
bridge, coming to the bar in 1841 ; he 
was elected to the Massachusetts Legis- 
lature in 1847 ; from 1848 to 1851 was 
District Attorney for Northern Massa- 
chusetts ; in 1852 he was appointed by 
President Fillmore an Associate Judge 
of the United States Court in Oregon, 
but declined the office ; he was a member 
of the State Constitutional Convention 
of 1853 ; was a second time appointed 
District Attorney; in 1857 and 1858 he 
served as a member of the State Council ; 
and he was elected a Representative, 
from Massachusetts, to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings and 
Grounds. Re-elected to the Thirty-se- 
venth Congress, serving as Chairman 
of the Committee on Public Buildings. 
During the autumn of 1862 he served in 
the army as a volunteer aid on the staff 
of his friend, General Gordon, and was 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



371 



present at the battle of Antietam. He 
was also a Delegate to the Baltimore 
Convention of 1864. 

Treadway, William M. — He 

was born in Virginia, and was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1845 to 1847. 

Tredivell, Thomas. — He was for 

seven years a member of the New York 
Assembly, from 1776 to 1783, from Suf- 
folk County, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from New York, from 1791 
to 1795. 

Trezvant, Jatnes. — He was born 
in Sussex Countj', Virginia ; was a law- 
yer by profession ; was Attorney for the 
State ; member of the State Legislature, 
and of the Constitutional Convention of 
1830 ; a Representative in Congress, from 
Virginia, from 1825 to 1831, serving dur- 
ing his last term as Chairman of the 
Committee on Military Pensions. He 
died in 1838. 

Trigg, Ahrani. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1797 to 1809. 

Trigg, John. — He was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Virginia, from 
1797 to 1804. 

Trimble, Cary A. — Born in Hills- 
borough, Ohio, September 13, 1813; gra- 
duated at the Ohio University in 1833; 
studied medicine, and received a medical 
diploma from the Cincinnati Medical 
College in 1836; in 1837 was appointed 
Demonstrator of Anatomy in his Alma 
Mater, which position beheld until 1841, 
when he settled in Chillicothe ; in 1839, 
on account of his health, he retired from 
his profession, and devoted himself to 
farming; and was elected a Representa- 
tive, from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
Public Lands. Re-elected to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress. 

Tritnhle, David. — He was born in 
Frederick Countj', Virginia, about the 
year 1782; educated at William and 
Mary College ; studied law, and when 
he came of age removed to Kentucky. 
He was engaged in the war of 1812, 
serving two campaigns under General 
Harrison. In 1817 he was chosen a mem- 
ber of Congress, from Kentucky, and 



served without interruption till 1827, 
being highly esteemed for the integrity 
of his principles and his devotion fo his 
public duties. After his retirement from 
Congress, he became engaged in agri- 
culture and the iron manufacture, and 
in the latter interest he did much to de- 
velop the resources of the State. He 
died at Trimble's Furnace, Kentucky, 
October 26, 1842. 

Trimble, William A. — He was 

born in 1786; he served with credit in 
the army of the United States during the 
war of 1812; occupied, as commander, 
several frontier posts; was a Senator in 
Congress, from Ohio, from 1819 to 1821, 
having died December 13 of the latter 
year. 

Triplett, Philip. — He was born in 
Virginia, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Kentucky, from 1839 to 
1843. 

Trippe, Robert P. — He was born 
in Georgia, and was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, to 
the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con- 
gresses. 

Trotter', F. James. — He was a Se- 
nator in Congress, from Mississippi, 
during the year 1838. 

Troup, George M. — Born on the 

Tombigbee River, September 8, 1780; 
graduated at Princeton College ; studied 
law ; and in 1800 was elected to the Le- 
gislature of Georgia, and re-elected for 
four terms ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Georgia, from 1807 to 1815; 
and a Senator from 1816 to 1818, and 
from 1829 to 1834. From 1823 to 1827 
he was Governor of that State. He 
died in Laurens County, Georgia, May 
3, 1856. He was an advocate of State 
rights, and the champion of State sove- 
reignty. 

Trout, Michael C. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1853 to 1855. 

Trowbridge, JB. JE. — Was born in 
Elmira, New York, June 18, 1821 ; re- 
moved with his parents to Michigan 
when a mere child ; graduated at Ken- 
yon College, Ohio, in 1841 ; has been 
devoted all his life to the business of 



372 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



farming ; was elected to the Senate of 
Michigan in 1856 and 1858 ; and in 1860 
was elected a Kepresentative, from Mich- 
igan, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
serving on the Committee on the Post- 
ofSce and Post-roads. 

Trumbo, Andrew. — A native of 
Kentucky ; was horn in Montgomery 
County, now Bath, September 13, 1799; 
he had a limited English education, 
and at the age of fifteen went into the 
County Clerk's office, and afterwards 
became clerk ; studied law, and com- 
menced practice in 1824. He was a 
Eepresentative in the Twenty-ninth 
Congress, and one of the Presidential 
Electors of Kentucky, in 1848. 

TrumhtiU, Jonathan. — Born in 
Lebanon, Connecticut, March 26, 1740, 
and graduated at Harvard College in 
1759. In 1775 he was appointed, by 
Congress, Paymaster in the Northern 
department of the army, and not long 
after was attached to the family of 
Washington as secretary and first aid, 
with whom he continued until the close 
of the war. He was for several years a 
Eepresentative in the State Legislature 
of Connecticut, and Speaker of the 
House ; was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1789 to 
1795 ; elected Speaker of the House of 
Eepresentatives in 1791, and continued 
in that station till he was transferred to 
the United States Senate, in 1795, where 
he served only one year, having been 
elected Lieutenant-Governor of Connec- 
ticut, and in 1798 Governor, in which 
position he remained until his death, 
which occurred August 7, 1809. 

Trumbull, Joseph. — Born in Le- 
banon, Connecticut, December 7, 1783 ; 
graduated at Yale College in 1801 ; stu- 
died law, and practised with success, 
in Ohio ; was President of the Hartford 
Bank for eleven years ; served in the 
General Assembly in 1832, 1848, and 
1851 ; in 1849 he was elected Governor 
of Connecticut ; .j/as President of a rail- 
road company ; received from Yale Col- 
lege the degree of LL.D. ; and was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from Con- 
necticut, in 1834, for an unexpired term, 
and from 1839 to 1843. 

Trumbull, L/ytnan. — Born in Col- 
chester, Connecticut, in 1813 ; is a law- 
yer by profession ; was a member of the 



Illinois Legislature in 1840; Secretary 
of State in 1841-42 ; Justice of the Su- 
preme Court of Illinois, from 1848 to 
1853 ; elected to the House of Eepresen- 
tatives of the United States, in 1854 ; 
and chosen United States Senator, by 
the Illinois Legislature, in 1855, serving 
as Chairman of the Committee on the 
Judiciary. He was also re-elected for 
the term ending in 1867. 

Tuck, Amos. — He was born in 
Maine ; graduated at Dartmouth Col- 
lege in 1835 ; was for some time a tutor 
in that institution ; and removing to 
New Hampshire, was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1847 to 1853. He was also a mem- 
ber of the Peace Congress of 1861. 

Tucker, Ebenezer. — He was born 

in Burlington, New Jersey, in 1758 ; he 
was a soldier in the Eevolutionary war, 
and served at the battle of Long Island ; 
he filled many offices of distinction and 
trust, among them those of Collector 
and Postmaster of New Jersey ; and he 
was a member of Congress, from New 
Jersey, from 1825 to 1829. He also held 
the offices of Judge of the Common 
Pleas, Justice of the Court of Quarter 
Sessions, and Judge of the Orphans' 
Court. He died at Tuckerton, New 
Jersey, September 5, 1845. 

Tucker, George. — He was a native 
of Virginia, and a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 
1825. 

Tucker, Henry St. George. — 

Born in Virginia in 1779; received a 
liberal education, and became a promi- 
nent lawyer. He was at one time Pre- 
sident of the Court of Appeals ; also 
Professor of Law in the University of 
Virginia ; the author of several valuable 
works on law ; and a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from Virginia, from 1815 to 
1819. He died at Winchester, Virginia, 
August 28, 1848. 

Tucker, Stai'ling. — He was born 
in Halifax County, North Carolina, and 
was a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
the Laurens District of South Carolina, 
from 1817 to 1831. He died Eebruary 
4, 1834. 

Tucker, Thomas T. — He was a 

Delegate to the Continental Congress, 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



373 



from 1787 to 1788; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from South Carolina, 
from 1789 to 1793. Died May 2, 1828. 

Tucker, Tilghman W. — He was 

born in North Carolina, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Missi.s- 
sippi, from 1843 to 1845. 

Turner, diaries, — Graduated at 
Harvard University in 1752, studied for 
the ministry, and settled in Duxbury, 
Massachusetts ; Avas elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
serving from 1809 to 1813, and died in 
1816, aged about sixty-six years. 

Turner, Daniel. — Born in War- 
ren Covinty, Nortli Carolina, September 
26, 1796. He commenced his education 
at "Warrenton Academy ; completed it 
at "West Point ; in 1814 was appointed 
Lieutenant of artillerj^, as such, served 
at Brooklyn Heights, and at Plattsburg, 
and resigned in 1815; after leaving the 
army, he spent two years at William 
and Mary College ; from 1819 to 1823 
he served in the Legislature of North 
Carolina ; and was a member of Con- 
gress, from 1827 to 1829. He subse- 
quently had charge of the Warrenton 
Female Seminary. 

Turner, tTanies. — Born in Vir- 
ginia, in the year 1766. His education 
was such as could be afforded by the 
common schools of the country ; he 
served in the Revolution as a private 
soldier ; entered public life in 1800, as 
a member of the Legislature of North 
Carolina ; in 1802 was elected Governor 
of the State; and was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1805 to 1816. He died at 
Bloomsbury, January 15, 1824, much 
respected for his talents and personal 
worth. 

Turner, tTatnes. — He was born in 
Maryland, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 
1837. 

Turner, Thomas J. — Born in 
Trumbull County, Ohio, April 5, 1815, 
where he resided until ten years of age, 
receiving all his school education within 
that time. In 1825 he removed with 
his father's family to Butler County, 
Pennsylvania, where he worked on a 
farm until fourteen years old, when the 
destitute circumstances of his father 



compelled him to make unusual exer- 
tions to as.sist in the support of the 
family, which he did by working as a 
laborer on the Pennsylvania Canal, and 
contributed his earnings to his father 
until the age of eighteen. Leaving his 
father comfortable, he went to the " far 
West," and spent three years in St. 
Paul's County, Indiana, and finally set- 
tled in Freeport, Stevenson County, 
Illinois. He was made Justice of the 
Peace, which otHce he held for several 
years ; in 1838 he studied law as a pro- 
fession, and obtained a lucrative prac- 
tice. In 1842 he was elected Probate 
Justice of the Peace, and in 1844 was 
appointed Postmaster. In 1845 he was 
chosen State's Attorney for the Sixth 
Judicial District, and in 1846 he was 
elected a Representative in the Thirtieth 
Congress. In 1854 he was a member of 
the lower house of the Legislature, 
and chosen Speaker. Since that time 
he has devoted himself to the practice 
of law. 

Turney, Hopkins L. — Born in 
Smith County, Tennessee, October 3, 
1797. He was in his boyhood bound to 
a tailor, and served at that business 
several years ; in 1818 he entered upon 
the campaign against the Seminole In- 
dians ; he did not learn to write until 
twenty-two years of age, and yet soon 
after studied law, and was very success- 
ful at the bar ; he served about ten years 
in the Legislature, from 1828 to 1838, 
and he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Tennessee, from 1837 to 
1843, and in the Senate of the United 
States, from 1845 to 1851. He died in 
Winchester, Tennessee, August 1, 1857, 
leaving behind him a high reputation 
for his abilities and virtues. 

Turpie, X>. — Was born in Hamil- 
ton County, Ohio, July 8, 1829 ; gra- 
duated at Kenyon College in 1 848 ; stu- 
died law, and was admitted to practice 
at Logansport, Indiana, in 1849 ; was 
appointed, by Governor Wright, whom 
he succeeded in the Senate, Judge of 
the Court of Common Pleas in 1854, 
and was Judge of the Circuit Court in 
1856, both of which offices he resigned ; 
in 1852, and also 1858, he was a mem- 
ber of the Legislature of Indiana ; and 
in 1863 he was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress, for the unexpired term of J. D. 
Bright, and immediately succeeding J. 



374 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



A. "Wright, who served by appointment 
of the Governor. 

Turrell, Joel. — He was born in 
Vermont, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 1833 
to 1887, having been a member of the 
State Assembly, from Oswego County, 
in 1831. 

Tuthill, Selah. — Born in New 
York, and was elected a Representative, 
from that State, to the Seventeenth 
Congress, but died in December, 1821. 

Tweed, William M. — Born in the 
city of New Tork, April 8, 1823 ; re- 
ceived a common school education ; is 
by occupation a chair manufacturer ; 
was an Alderman in New York City in 
1852 ; a member of the Thirty-third 
Congress ; a member of the State Board 
of Education in 1857 ; and a Supervisor 
of New York County in 1858. 

Tweedy, Samuel. — He was born 
in Connecticut, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1833 to 1835. 

Tyler, Asher. — He was born in 

New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1845. 

Tyler, John. — Born in Charles 
City County, Virginia, in 1790. He 
commenced his political life at an early 
age, having been elected to the Virginia 
Legislature at the age of twenty-one 
years, and five years later to Congress. 
In 1826 he was elevated to the station 
of Governor of his native State. He 
discharged the duties of his otfice but 
one year and a half, when, in 1847, the 
Legislature selected him to fill a va- 
cancy in the Senate of the United 
States, where he officiated as President 
p?'o teni. of that body. He served in 
this capacity vintil a diiFerence of opi- 
nion having arisen between General 
Jackson and himself, he resigned his 
seat in 1886, and Avent into voluntary 
retirement. Mr. Tyler did not again 
make his appearance in public life until 
1840, when he was selected by the "Whig 
party as their candidate for Vice-Presi- 
dent. He was elected to that office by 
a large majority, and entered upon the 
discharge of his duties in March, 1841, 
when the death of the President, Gene- 



ral Harrison, shortly after, raised him 
to the chief magistracy of the Republic. 
His term of office expired in 1845, after 
which he lived in retirement in Vir- 
ginia until 1861. He was elected in 
that year a Delegate to the Peace Con- 
gress held in "Washington, and officiated 
as its President ; and on his return to 
Virginia, he became a member of the 
Virginia Convention of 1861, and the 
Rebel Congress, and died in Richmond, 
January 17, 1862. 

Tyson, Jacob. — He was a member 
of the New York Senate, from Rich- 
mond County, in 1828, and a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1823 to 1825. 

Tyson, Job R. — He was born in 
Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, in 
1804, and died near Philadelphia, in 1858. 
He was educated a lawyer, frequently 
served in the City Councils of Philadel- 
phia, and Avas a member of the Twenty- 
fourth Congress. He commanded un- 
common influence in Congress, and was 
a man of refined tastes in literature 
and the fine arts. He also served in 
the Legislature of Pennsylvania, and 
through his exertions the archives of 
that State were first published. 

JJdree, Daniel. — He was born in 
Philadelphia, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1813 to 1815, from 1819 to 1821, and 
from 1823 to 1825. Died July 22, 1828. 

Underhill, Walter. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Representa- 
tive, in Congress, from that State, from 
1849 to 1851. 

Underwood, John W. H. — Born 

in Elbert County, Georgia, NoA'ember 
20, 1816 ; received a good English and 
classical education'; studied law and 
was admitted to the bar in 1834 ; in 1843 
was elected Solicitor-General for the 
Western Circviit, resigning in 1847 ; 
was a member of the Georgia Constitu- 
tional Convention of 1850; declined two 
Judicial appointments tendered to him 
by Presidents Pierce and Buchanan ; 
Avas a member of the Georgia Legisla- 
ture in 1857, and chosen Speaker ; and 
in 1859 was elected a Representative 
from Georgia, to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on Ex- 
penses in the Navy Department. Re- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



375 



signed in February, 1861, on the break- 
ing out of the Rebellion, and returned 
to Georgia. 

Underwood, Josepli H. — Born 
in Goochland County, Virginia, Octo- 
ber 24, 1791. He was adopted by his 
maternal uncle in 1803, who resided in 
Barren County, Kentucky. He re- 
ceived his education at various schools 
in that State, and ended his scholastic 
course at the University of Lexington, 
in 1811 ; and then read law with Robert 
Wickliffe. In 1813 he entered the ser- 
vice of the United States, as Lieutenant 
of a volunteer company, and was badly 
wounded and taken by the enemy at 
Dudley's defeat, commanding his com- 
pany after the Captain was mortally 
wounded. He was released from cap- 
tivity, and landed from the prison-ships 
on Lake Erie, near Cleveland, where 
he was lodged in a hospitable cabin until 
sufficiently recovered to return home. 
In the fall of 1818 he located at Glas- 
gow, Kentucky, and practised law for 
ten years, during which time he was 
Trustee of the town, and County At- 
torney ; and was a member of the Le- 
gislature from 1816 to 1819. In 1823 
he removed, with his family, to Bowling 
Green, and was elected a member of 
the General Assembly in 1825 and 1826. 
From 1828 to 183-5 he was Judge of the 
Court of Appeals, and resigned on being 
elected a Representative in Congress, in 
which position he served for ten ses- 
sions. In 1846 he was again elected to 
the Legislature of Kentucky, and was 
Speaker of the House. In 1847 he was 
elected a member of the United States 
Senate, for six years, and at the expira- 
tion of the term returned to the prac- 
tice of law. In 1824 and in 1844 he was 
a Presidential Elector. He was also a 
Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 
1864. 

Tinder wood, Warner L. — Born 

in Goochland County, Virginia, August 
7, 1808; graduated at the University of 
Virginia, where he received the first 
honors in the studies of law, mathe- 
matics, and the modern languages, in 
1830. He removed to Bowling Green 
County, Kentucky, at the age of seven- 
teen ; a lawyer by profession, with an 
extensive practice. In 1833 he visited 
Texas, and spent most of the time, until 
1840, in that Republic. He was ap- 
pointed, by President Lamar, Attorney- 



General for the Eastern District of that 
Republic, but held the office only a 
short time, and also declined the otfer 
of a place in General Houston's cabinet, 
being unwilling to relinquish his citi- 
zenship of the United States. In 1848 
he was a Representative in the Ken- 
tucky Legislature, and in 1849 a mem- 
ber of the State Senate ; and was elected 
a Representative to the Thirty-fourth 
and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as 
a member of the Committee on En- 
graving. 

TJjiliam, Charles W. — Born in 

St. John, New Brunswick, May 4, 1802. 
He commenced life by becoming a mer- 
chant's clerk ; graduated at Harvard 
College in 1821 ; in 1824 he was settled 
over the First Church in Salem, Massa- 
chusetts ; and in 1844 he relinquished 
the ministry on account of loss of voice. 
He has also, at different times, edited 
the Christian Review (Unitarian) ; was 
Mayor of Salem in 1852 ; in 1840, 1849 
and 1850 was in the State Legislature ; 
in 1851, 1857, and 1858, President of the 
Senate; and he was a member of the 
Thirty-third Congress, serving upon 
the Committee on Post-roads and the 
Post-office, and was Chairman of a Spe- 
cial Committee on the Smithsonian In- 
stitution. As an author he has been in- 
dustrious, and among his publications 
are the following : " Letters on the Lo- 
gos," "Lectures on Witchcraft," "Life 
of Sir Henry Vane," and "Life of 
John C. Fremont." 

JJpham, George B. — He graduated 
at Harvard University in 1789 ; served 
a number of years in the New Hamp- 
shire Legislature, having been Speaker 
in 1809 and 1815; and a Representative 
in Congress, from New Hampshire, 
from 1801 to 1803. He died February 
10, 1848, at Claremont, New Hamp- 
shire, aged seventy-nine years. 

JJpham, Jahez. — He was born in 
Massachusetts ; graduated at Harvard 
University in 1785; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1807 to 1810. He died in 1811. 

TJphani, Nathaniel. — Born in 

Deerfield, Rockingham County, New 
Hampshire, June 9, 1774. He was edu- 
cated at the schools of his native town, 
and at Phillips's Exeter Academy. At 
an early age he engaged in mercantile 



376 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



pursuits. He was a member of the Le- 
gislature of New Hampshire, and of the 
Grovernor's Council, from 1811 to 1812 ; 
and a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1817 to 1823. Died in 
1829. 

JJpham, William. — He was horn 
at Leicester, Massachusetts, in 1792 ; in 
1802 removed with his father to Ver- 
mont ; spent some time in the Univer- 
sity of Vermont ; and was a lawyer by 
profession. He was a member of the. 
Vermont Assembly in 1827, 1828, and 
1830; and was State's Attorney, for 
Washington County, in 1829. He was 
a Senator in Congress, from 1843 to the 
time of his death, which occurred in 
Washington City, Januarj^ 14, 1853. 

Upson, Charles. — Born in South- 
ington, Hartford County, Connecticut, 
March 19, 1821 ; received a good Eng- 
lish education ; removed to Michigan in 
1845 ; studied law, and came to the bar 
in 1847 ; in 1849 and 1850 was County 
Clerk for St. Joseph County ; in 1853 
and 1854 was Prosecuting Attorney for 
the same ; in 1855 and 1856 held the 
office of State Senator ; in 1861 and 1862 
he was Attorney-G-eneral for Michigan, 
and was elected a Kepresentative from 
Michigan to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving on the Committees of Elections , 
and Unfinished Business. 

Vail, George. — ^He was born in 
New Jersey, and was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, for the terms be- 
tween 1853 and 1857. 

Vail, Henry, — He was born in New 
York, and was a Eeiaresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1837 to 
1839. Died June 25, 1853. 

Valh, William W. — He was born 
in South Carolina, and, on removing to 
New York, was a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 
1857. 

Vallandigham, Clement L. — He 

came of a Huguenot family, and was 
born in New Lisbon, Columbia County, 
Ohio, in 1822. He received a good edu- 
cation ; spent one year in Jefferson Col- 
lege, in Ohio ; spent two years as prin- 
cipal of an academy at Snow Hill, Mary- 
land; returned to Ohio in 1840; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 



1842; was elected to the State Legisla- 
ture in 1845 and 1846 ; was editor of the 
Dayton Enquirer from 1847 to 1849; for 
some years subsequent to that date he 
devoted himself wholly to his profession 
and politics ; was a member of the Na- 
tional Democratic Convention held at 
Cincinnati in 1856; ran for the Thirty- 
fifth Congress against L. C. Campbell, 
whose seat he successfully contested ; 
and he was re-elected to the Thirty -sixth 
Congress. At the commencement of 
the second session of the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, and during the Thirty-sixth, 
he was placed on the Committee on Ter- 
ritories. Re-elected to the Thirty-se- 
venth Congress. In 1863 he was arrested 
by military authority for expressing his 
opinions against the war, was banished 
to the Southern States, and by way of 
Bermuda went to Canada. During his 
exile he was nominated for Governor of 
Ohio and defeated. He subsequently 
returned and was a Delegate to the Chi- 
cago Convention of 1864. 

Van Allen, James I. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1807 to 1809, having been 
a member of the State Assembly, in 
1804, from Columbia County. 

Van Allen, John E. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1793 to 1799, and was a 
member of the State Assembly in 1800 
and 1801, from Rensselaer County. 

Van Siiren, John. — He was one 

of the ablest lawyers of the Ulster Coun- 
ty bar, in New York, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from 1841 to 1843. He 
died at Kingston, January 16, 1855. 

Van Buren, Martin. — Was born 
at Kinderhook, New York, December 
5, 1782. His father's circumstances were 
humble, and the son was only able to 
obtain an ordinary education at the 
common school and academy of his na- 
tive village. In 1796 he left the acade- 
my, and commenced the study of law. 
In 1800 he represented the Republicans 
of his native town in the Congressional 
Convention for that District. A part of 
the years 1802 and 1803 he spent in New 
York, still engaged in the study of his 
profession, and in November of the latter 
year he was admitted to the bar. He 
still continued to take an active part in 
politics. The first official distinction 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



377 



which he received was conferred upon 
him by Governor Tompkins, who ap- 
pointed him Surrogate of Columbia 
County, in 1808. He took his next step 
in public life in 1812. In the spring of 
that year he was elected to the State Se- 
nate. He continued a member of that 
body until 1820, having been, during 
that period, a supporter of the war and 
the canal project. A portion of this time 
he also held the office of Attorney-Ge- 
neral. He was a member of the Consti- 
tutional Convention of the State of New 
York, in 1821, and in February of the 
same year he was elected to the United 
States Senate, and re-elected in 1827, 
serving until 1829. The following year 
the Gubernatorial chair of the State of 
New York became vacant, by the death 
of Governor Clinton, and Mr. Van Bu- 
ren was selected as the candidate for 
that office, by the Democratic party of 
the State. He was elected, but his ca- 
reer as Governor was brief Scarcely 
was his administration commenced, 
when President Jackson ofiered him the 
appointment of Secretary of State, and 
Mr. Van Buren at once accepted it. 
The President appointed him Ambas- 
sador to England, but the Senate re- 
fused to confirm the nomination. He 
received a large majority of the electoral 
votes for Vice-President in 1832, which 
office he continued to fill during Presi- 
dent Jackson's term. In 1836 he was 
nominated for the office of President, 
and elected. The principal measure of 
his administration was the establish- 
ment of the Independent Treasury. In 
1840 he was again nominated for the 
same office, but defeated by the Whig 
candidate, General Harrison. After the 
close of his Presidential term, in 1841, 
he lived in retirement at Kinderhook, 
his place of birth, on an estate to which 
he gave the name of Lindenwald. In 
1848 he was the Presidential candidate 
of the section of the Democratic party 
styling themselves "Barnburners," or, 
on that occasion, " Pree-soilers," but 
was unsuccessful. Died near Kinder- 
hook, July 24, 1862. 

Vance, Joseph. — He was born in 
Washington County, Pennsylvania, and 
was one of the earliest residents of the 
State of Ohio ; served frequently in the 
Legislature of that State ; was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1821 to 1835 ; 
Governor of the State in 1836; and again 
in Congress, from 1843 to 1847, serv- 



25 



ing as Chairman of the Committee on 
Claims. In every public position he 
acquitted himself with ability, and died 
near the town of Urbanna, Ohio, August 
24, 1851. 

Vance, Robert B. — He was born 
in North Carolina, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1823 to 1825. 

Vance, Zebulon J5. — He was born 
in Buncombe County, North Carolina, 
May 13, 1830; received a limited edu- 
cation, and spent one year at the State 
University, through the friendship of 
its distinguished President ; he studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1853 ; in 1854 he was elected to the Le- 
gislature, from Buncombe County ; and, 
on the resignation of Hon. T. L. Cling- 
man, in 1858, he was elected to succeed 
him in the Federal House of Represen- 
tatives. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
Revolutionary Claims; and was Gover- 
nor of North Carolina from 1861 to 1863. 

Van Cortlandf, Philij). — He 

served through the RcA^olutionary war 
as a Colonel in the New York line, fight- 
ing at Saratoga and Bemis Heights ; was 
a member of the State Convention which 
ratified the United States Constitution, 
and was a member of the New York 
Assembly, from Westchester County, in 
1788, 1789, and 179U; of the State Se- 
nate, from 1791 to 1794; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1793 to 1809. Died November 5, 
1831, in Westchester County, aged 
eighty-two years. The latter part of his 
life was devoted to agriculture. 

Van Cortlandf , Pierre.— ^g was 

a Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1811 to 1813, having been a 
member of the State Assembly in 1777. 

Vanderpool, Aaron. — He was 

born at Kinderhook, New York, Febru- 
ary 5, 1799 ; received a classical educa- 
tion ; he studied law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1820 ; he served in 1825, 
1829, and 1830, in the State Legislature; 
and he was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1833 to 1837, and again from 
1839 to 1841. On his retirement from 
Congress he settled in New York City, 
and was appointed one of the Judges of 



378 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



the Superior Court, which office he held 
until 1850. 

Vanderveer, Abraham. — He was 

born in New York, and was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1837 to 1839. Died July 20, 1839. 

Vandever, William. — Born in 

Maryland, and removing to Iowa, was 
elected a Representative, from that 
State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Public Lands. Re-elected to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress. Served also 
as a Colonel in the Union army in 1861. 

Van Dyke, John. — He was born 
in ISTew Jersey ; adopted the legal pro- 
fession ; and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 
1851. He is now a Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of the State. 

Van JDyhe, Nicholas. — He gradu- 
ated at Princeton College in 1788; was 
a Representative in Congress, from De- 
laware, from 1807 to 1811 ; a Senator in 
Congress, from 1817 to 1826 ; and died 
in May, 1826. 

Van Qaasbeck, Peter. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1793 to 1795. 

Van Horn, Burt. — Was a Repre- 
sentative, from New York, to the Thir- 
ty-seventh Congress, and also served as 
a Colonel of volunteers in 1861. 

Van Home, Archibald. — He was 

a Representative in Congress, from Ma- 
ryland, from 1807 to 1811. 

Van Home, Espy. — He was born 
in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Pennsylvania, from 1825 to 1829. 
Died at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, 
July 25, 1829. 

Van Home, Isaac. — He was a 

Captain in the Revolutionary war, and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1801 to 1805, and 
was then appointed Receiver of Public 
Moneys in Zanesville, Ohio. 

Van Houton, Isaac S. — He was 

a Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1833 to 1835. 



Van Wetre^ John J. — He was a 

Representative m Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1843 to 1845, and was a member of 
the Committee on Expenses in the Navy 
Department. 

Van Ness, John P. — He was born 
in Ghent, Columbia County, New York, 
in 1770. He was educated at Columbia 
College, and studied law, but gave up 
the practice on account of ill health. 
He was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1801 to 1803 ; and having taken up 
his residence in Washington City, be- 
came the first President of the Bank of 
the Metropolis in 1814 ; he was also 
elected Mayor of Washington, and both 
as a public and private citizen did much 
to promote the prosperity of the seat of 
Government. While a member of Con- 
gress he received, from President Jeffer- 
son, a commission as Major of militia 
for the District of Columbia, which, 
with the fact that he married a Wash- 
ington lady, was the cause of his change 
of residence. He died in Washington, 
March 7, 1846. 

Van Mensselaer, Henry. — He 

was born in New Yorlc ; entered West 
Point as a cadet in 1827 ; was commis- 
sioned a Lieutenant in 1 831, but resigned 
the following year ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1841 to 1843. 

Van Rensselaer, Jeretniah. — 

He was born in 1741 ; was a patriot of 
the Revolution ; Lieutenant-Governor 
of New York ; a member of Congress, 
from that State, from 1789 to 1791. He 
died in Albany, February 22, 1810. 

Van Rensselaer, Solotnon. — He 

was born in Rensselaer County, New 
York, in 1774; he served as an officer 
under General Wayne in 1794, and was 
wounded through the lungs, and re- 
ceived four wounds at the battle of 
Queenstown Heights. In 1799 he was 
promoted to the rank of Major. He was 
Adjutant-General of New York, from 
1801 to 1810, and in 1813. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1819 to 1822, when he was 
appointed Postmaster at Albany. He 
died near Albany, April 23, 1852. 

Van Rensselaer, Stephen. — He 

was born in the city of New York, in 
November, 1764, and graduated at the 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



379 



University in Cambridge, Massachu- 
setts, in 1782 ; was elected a member of 
the New York Senate in 1795 ; was six 
years Lieutenant-Governor of New 
York ; a member of Congress, from 
1822 to 1829 ; was appointed, in 1810, 
one of the Canal Commissioners, and, 
for the last fourteen years of his life, 
was President of the Board ; and during 
the last war with England he com- 
manded, with reputation, as Major-Ge- 
neral on the Niagara frontier. He was 
distinguished for his wealth and muni- 
ficent charities, and enjoyed the in- 
herited title of Patroon. He died at 
Albany, January 26, 1839. 

Van Rensselaer, William. — 

He was born in 1763 ; was a member of 
Congress, from New York, from 1801 
to 1811, after which he retired to pri- 
vate life, and died in New York City, 
June 18, 1845. 

Vansant, JosJiua. — He was born 
in Maryland, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1853 
to 1855 ; was also for many years Pre- 
sident of the Maryland Institute. 

Van Valkenburgh, Robert B. — 

Born in Steuben County, New York, 
September 4, 1821 ; adopted the profes- 
sion of law ; served three terms in the 
Legislature of New York ; when the 
Rebellion broke out he was placed by 
the Governor of New York in charge 
of affairs at Elmira, and there organized 
seventeen regiments for the war, and 
was elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
serving as Chairman of the Committee 
on the Militia. In 1862, and while in 
Congress, he took command, as Colonel, 
of the One Hundred and Seventh Regi- 
ment New York Volunteers, and was 
present at the battle of Antietam. He 
was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving as Chairman of the Com- 
mittees on the Militia, and Expendi- 
tures in the State Department. 

Van Winkle, Peter C?. — Was 

born in the city of New York, Septem- 
ber 7, 1808 ; removed to Parkersburg, 
now West Virginia, in 1835 ; was a 
member of the Virginia Constitutional 
Convention of 1850 ; also of the Wheel- 
ing Convention of 1861 ; and also of 
the Convention which formed the Con- 



stitution of West Virginia in 1862 ; was 
a member of the Legislature of that 
State from its organization to June, 
1863 ; and in November of that year 
was elected a Senator in Congress for 
the term ending in 1869, serving on 
the Committees on Finance and Pen- 
sions. 

Van Wyck, Charles H. — He was 

elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on Mileage ; also elected to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, and appointed Chair- 
man of the Committee on Government 
Contracts. While in Congress he served 
in the volunteer service as the Colonel 
of a regiment. 

Van Wyck, William M. — He 

was born in Dutchess County, New 
York, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1821 
to 1825. 

Vamum, John. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1825 to 1831. He was a 
native of Essex County, Massachusetts; 
educated at Harvard University ; prac- 
tised law for some years at Haverhill, 
Massachusetts ; was frequently a mem- 
ber of the State Legislature. He re- 
moved to Niles, in the State of Michi- 
gan, where he died, July 23, 1836, aged 
sixty-three years. 

Vamum, Joseph Bradley. — 

Born in 1759, in Dracut, Massachusetts; 
he was a General in the Revolutionary 
war, and a Representative in Congress, 
from 1795 to 1811, being four years 
Speaker, during the Tenth and Eleventh 
Congresses. He was chosen Senator in 
1811, served till 1817, and was Presi- 
dent pi'o tern, of the Senate. Of three 
conventions of Massachusetts he was a 
useful member. He died suddenly, 
September 11, 1821, being then Major- 
General of a division of the militia. 

Venable, Abraham B. — He was 

a graduate of Princeton College in 1780; 
a Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1791 to 1799, and a Senator 
of the United States, from 1803 to 1804. 
He perished in the conflagration of the 
theatre at Richmond, Virginia, Decem- 
ber 26, 1811. 



380 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Venable, Abraham W. — Born in 
Prince Edward County, Virginia, Octo- 
ber 17, 1799; graduated at Hampden 
Sidney College in 1816 ; studied medi- 
cine for two years, and then went to 
Princeton College, where he graduated 
in 1819 ; he then studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in North Carolina 
in 1821. He was a Presidential Elector 
in 1832, and also in 1836 ; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from North Ca- 
rolina, from 1847 to 1853. His father 
and six uncles were in the Eevolution-. 
ary war, serving their country faith- 
fully. He took part in the Eebellion 
of 1861 as a member of the so-called 
Confederate Congress. 

Verplanck, Daniel C. — He was 

born in New York in 1761, and was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1803 to 1809. He subse- 
quently served for many years as Judge 
of the County Court of Dutchess County, 
New York, and died near Pishkill, 
March 29, 1834. 

Verplanck, Gulian C. — An Ame- 
rican author, and born in the city of 
New York. He graduated at Columbia 
College, pursued the study of the law, 
and, after his admission to the bar, he 
passed several years abroad, in Great 
Britain and on the continent. On his 
return home, he became interested in 
politics, and, in 1814, was a candidate 
of the " malcontents" in New York for 
the Assembly. In 1819 he wrote the 
"State Triumvirate, a Political Tale," 
being a satire on the political parties of 
the day, and other works of a similar 
description. In 1820 he was a promi- 
nent member of the New York Legis- 
lature, in which he was Chairman of 
the Committee on Education. He soon 
after became Professor of the Evidences 
of Christianity in the Theological Semi- 
nary of the Protestant Episcopal Church 
in New York, and, in 1824, he pub- 
lished his " Essays on the Nature and 
Uses of the various Evidences of Re- 
vealed Religion," a work written with 
simplicity and elegance. The following 
year appeared his " Essay on the Doc- 
trine of Contracts, being an Inquiry 
how Contracts are affected, in Law and 
Morals, by Concealment, Error, or In- 
adequate Price." Besides these works, 
he contributed much to various maga- 
zines, and in conjunction with Mr. Bry- 
ant and Mr. Sands, he published the 



Talisman, a sort of annual, three vo- 
lumes of which appeared. Prom 1825 
he was for eight years a member of 
Congress, from the city of New York, 
and he was afterwards, for several 
years, a member of the New York Se- 
nate. He also published, in 1833, a 
collection of his discourses and addresses 
on various subjects, and in 1844-46, a 
handsome edition of Shakspeare. 

Verree, John P. — Born in Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania, in 1819; is an 
iron manufacturer by occupation — the 
business of his whole life heretofore ; 
was for six years a member of the Phila- 
delphia Select Council, and four years 
the presiding officer of that body ; and 
was elected a Representative, from 
Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, serving as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Revolutionary Pensions. Re- 
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. 

Vibhard, Chaimcey. — Was born 
at Galway, Saratoga County, New York, 
November 11, 1811 ; received a common 
school education ; was employed for 
several years as a clerk in a store, and 
afterwards in a railroad office, in Al- 
bany; in 1848 he became the Superin- 
tendent of the Utica and Schenectady 
Railway Company; and was afterwards 
called to the same position in the New 
York Central Railway Company, in 
which capacity he continued until elect- 
ed a Representative, from New York, 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committee on the 
Post-office and Post Roads. 

Vining, John. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Delaware, 
from 1789 to 1792, and a Senator in 
Congress, from 1795 to 1798, when he 
resigned. He had previously been elect- 
ed a Delegate to the Continental Con- 
gress, from 1784 to 1786. 

Vinton, Samuel F. — Born at South 
Hadley, Massachusetts, September 25, 
1792. He graduated at Williams Col- 
lege, Massachusetts, in 1814 ; studied 
law in Middletown, Connecticut, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1816, when 
he removed to Ohio, and practised his 
profession with eminent success. He 
was first elected a Representative in 
Congress, in 1823, and served fourteen 
years, when he declined a re-election ; 
he was re-elected in 1843, and served 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



381 



eight years in succession, when he again 
declined a re-election, and retired to 
private life, where his tastes and wishes 
inclined him to remain. While in Con- 
gress, Mr Vinton served as chairman 
of several of the most important com- 
mittees. In 1862 he was appointed a 
Commissioner under the act emancipa- 
ting the slaves in the District of Colum- 
bia, and died in "Washington in May, 
1862. 

VoorJieeSf Daniel W. — Was born 
in Fountain County, Indiana, Septem- 
ber 26, 1828; graduated at the Indiana 
Asbury University in 1849; read law, 
and commenced the practice in 1851 ; 
in 1858 he was appointed United States 
District Attorney for Indiana by Pre- 
sident Buchanan, which office he held 
three years ; in 1859 he was engaged in 
the defence of John E. Cook, at Har- 
per's Ferry, for participation in the 
John Brown raid. In 1860 he was 
elected a Representative, from Indiana, 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
on the Committee on Elections, and 
was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the same Committee. 
Occasionally, by way of relieving the 
monotony of professional life, he is in 
the habit of addressing literary societies 
on subjects of general interest. 

Vose^ Roger, — He graduated at 
Harvard University in 1790; was for 
many years Chief Justice of the Court 
of Common Pleas in New Hampshire ; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1813 to 1817; and 
died April 17, 1842. 

Vroom, Peter D. — He was born 
in New Jersey ; graduated at Columbia 
College, New York ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New Jer- 
sey, from 1839 to 1841. He was also 
Governor of New Jersey, from 1829 to 
1832, and for a second term, from 1833 
to 1836; and a member of the State 
Constitutional Convention of 1844. In 
1853 he was appointed Minister to Prus- 
sia. He was also a Delegate to the 
Peace Congress of 1861. 

Wade, Beftjaniin F. — He was 

born in Feeding Hills Parish, Massa- 
chusetts, October 27, 1800; received a 
limited education, and commenced active 
life by teaching school and attending to 



agricultural pursuits, in Ohio, to which 
he removed when twenty-one years of 
age ; he studied law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1828 ; and he was elected 
a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, in 
1851, for the term ending in 1857, and 
re-elected for a second and third term, 
ending in 1869, serving as Chairman of 
the Committee on Territories, and of 
the Special Committee on the Conduct 
of the War. The other public positions 
held by him are Justice of the Peace, 
Prosecuting Attorney for Ashtabula 
County, State Senator, and President 
of a Judicial Circuit. 



Wade, Edtvard. — He was born in 
West Springfield, Massachusetts, No- 
vember 22, 1803, and received a com- 
mon school education ; he removed with 
his father to Andover, Ashtabula Coun- 
ty, Ohio, in 1821, where he remained 
until 1824, and engaged in clearing the 
land. He studied law in Albany and 
Troy, New York, and was admitted to 
the bar in Jefferson, Ohio, in 1827, and 
was elected Justice of the Peace in that 
county ; in 1832 he removed to Union- 
ville, and remained until 1837, and 
finally settled in Cleveland. He was 
elected a Representative, from Ohio, in 
the Thirty-third Congress, to which 
position he has been re-elected, serving 
in the Thirty-sixth Congress on the 
Committee on Commerce. 

Wadswortli, Jeremiah. — He was 

a Delegate, from Connecticut, to the 
Continental Congress, from 1786 to 1788, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1789 to 1795. 

Wadswortli, Peleg. — Was born 
in Duxbury, Mas.sachusetts, May 6, 
1748; graduated at Harvard College in 
1769, and afterwards engaged in com- 
mercial pursuits. He joined the army 
as Captain of a company of minute men, 
at Roxbury, in the beginning of the 
war, and by his skill and courage rose 
rapidly in the service. He was .second 
in command of the forces sent to Penob- 
scot by Massachusetts, in 1779, on which 
occasion he displayed great courage, and 
was taken prisoner. He rose to the 
rank of Brigadier-General. After the 
war, in 1784, he established himself in 
Portland, Maine, in mercantile busi- 
ness ; and was employed much in sur- 
veying, in which he was quite skilful. 



382 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



In 1792 he was elected a Senator in the 
Legislature of Massachusetts, and the 
same year was chosen the first Eepre- 
sentative in Congress from his district. 
He was successively re-elected until 
1806, when he declined a further nomi- 
nation. In 1798, the citizens of Port- 
land gave him a public dinner, in ap- 
probation of his conduct as their Kepre- 
sentative. In 1807 he removed to the 
county of Oxford, Maine, to improve a 
large tract of land granted to him by 
Government, for his services. Here he 
passed the remainder of his days in re- 
tirement, enjoying the respect of a large 
circle of his friends and fellow-citizens. 
He died in 1829. 

Wadsivorth, W. H. — Was born 

in Maysville, Mason County, Kentucky, 
July 4, 1821, but came of the old family 
of Wadsworths who founded the city of 
Hartford, Connecticut. He received his 
education from the Maysville Seminary 
and the Augusta College of Kentucky ; 
adopted the profession of law ; sat in 
the Senate of Kentucky in 1853 and 
1855; was a Presidential Elector in 
1860, presiding over the Electoral Col- 
lege ; and was elected a Kepresentative, 
from Kentucky, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
Naval Affairs. Ee-elected to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Public Lands, and the Joint 
Committee on the Library. 

Wagener, D. D. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1833 
to 1841. He was a merchant, and for 
many years President of the Easton 
Bank. Died at Easton, Pennsylvania, 
October 1, 1860. 

Waggaiiiann, George A. — He 

was Secretary of State of Louisiana, 
under three administrations ; held vari- 
ous other public positions ; and was a 
Senator in Congress, from 1831 to 1835. 
He died at New Orleans, March 23, 
1843, from the effects of a wound re- 
ceived in a duel, aged fifty-three years. 

Wagner, Feter J. — He was born 
in New York, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1839 to 1841. 

Wakenian, Abrani. — Born in 
Fairfield, Connecticut, May 31, 1824. 



He received a district school education ; 
when sixteen years of age he removed 
to New Eochelle, New York, and taught 
school ; he subsequently attended an 
academy in Herkimer County, as pupil, 
working a part of the time on a farm to 
pay his expenses ; he then went into the 
wilderness and took charge of a saw- 
mill ; after that he went into the busi- 
ness of selling books by subscription, 
travelling through much of the Union ; 
in 1844 he commenced the study of the 
law in Herkimer County, New York ; 
went to New York City in 1846, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1847 ; in 
1850 he was elected to the Legislature ; 
re-elected in 1851 ; in 1854 was elected 
an Alderman in New York, serving 
two years ; and in 1856 was elected a 
Eepresentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress. He has also frequently setved as 
a member of State conventions. 

Walbridge, David S. — Born in 
Bennington, Vermont, July 30, 1802 ; 
received his education from the common 
schools of the vicinity ; has devoted 
himself to the various employments of 
the farmer, the merchant, and the mil- 
ler ; he removed to Michigan in 1842 ; 
and was elected a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, in 1854, and 
served until 1859. 

Walbridge, Henry S. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1851 to 1853. 

Walbridge, Hiram. — Born at 

Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York, 
February 2, 1821 ; commenced life by 
learning the trade of a mechanic ; sub- 
sequently received a good education at 
the Ohio University ; when twenty-three 
years of age was elected Brigadier-Ge- 
neral of the Ohio militia ; and removing 
to New York City, was elected a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
serving from 1853 to 1855. 

Walden, Hiram.— ^q was born 
in Eutland County, Vermont, August 
29, 1800 ; received a limited education, 
and having removed with his father to 
New York, devoted himself to the busi- 
ness of cloth dressing and wool carding ; 
he took an interest in military affairs, 
and attained the office of Major-General 
of militia ; in 1836 he was elected to the 
State Legislature ; in 1842 he was elected 
a Supervisor in the county of Schoharie ; 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



383 



and was a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1849 to 1851. 

Waldo, Lorin JP.— Was born in 
Canterbury, Windham County, Connec- 
ticut, February 2, 1802; received a tho- 
rough English education in the common 
schools, and pursued the study of the 
classic^ to some extent under private 
instructors ; read law, and was admitted 
to practice in the courts of the State of 
Connecticut, in September, 1825 ; lo- 
cated in Tolland County, Connecticut, 
where he was State's Attorney from 
1837 to 1849 ; was two years Judge of 
the Court of Probate in his district, and 
six years a member of the Legislature 
of his State. In April, 1849, he was 
elected to the Thirty-first Congress, and 
served the term. In 1852 he was elected 
Commissioner of the School Fund of 
Connecticut; was, in March, 1853, ap- 
pointed, by President Pierce, Commis- 
sioner of Pensions ; and in June, 1855, 
was elected, by the Legislature of Con- 
necticut, to tlie office of Judge of the 
Supreme Court, which office he now 
holds. 

Waldron, Henry. — He was born 
in Albany, New York, October 11, 
1819 ; graduated at Kutgers College, 
New Brunswick, New Jersey, in July, 
1836 ; became a civil engineer by pro- 
fession ; was elected to the Legislature 
of Michigan in 1843 ; and served as a 
Kepresentative in Congress, during the 
years 1855, 1856, 1857, and 1858, and was 
a member of the Committee on Mileage. 
He was re-elected to the Thirtj^-sixth 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
Territories. 

IT ales, George E. — He was born 
in Windham County, Vermont, and was 
a Kepresentative in Congress, from Ver- 
mont, from 1825 to 1829. He also served 
six years in the State Legishiture, and 
was Speaker in 1823 and 1824 ; and was 
Judge of Probate, for Hartford County, 
from 1843 to 1848. 

Wales, John. — He was a Senator 
in Congress, from Delaware, from 1849 
to 1851. Died December 3, 1863. 

Walker, Ainasa. — He was elected 
a Kepresentative, from Massachusetts, 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, for the 
unexpired term of G. F. Bailey, de- 



WalJcer, Benjamin. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1801 to 1803. 

Walker, David. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, 
from 1817 to 1820. Died March 1, 1820, 
having sent a request to Congress that 
his death should not be officially noticed, 
which request was complied with. 

Walker, Felix. — He was born in 
Hampshire County, Virginia, July 19, 
1753, and was a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from North Carolina, from 1817 
to 1823 ; was the friend and companion 
of Daniel Boone, when he explored 
Kentucky and founded Boonsborough ; 
he served as a soldier in the Indian 
wars in the Carolinas ; settled in Tryon 
County, North Carolina; and was for 
many years in the State Legislature ; 
and subsequently removing to the State 
of Mississippi, he died there in 1830. 

Walker, Francis. — He was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from North 
Carolina, from 1793 to 1795. 

Walker, Freeman. — He was a 

Senator in Congress, from Georgia, from 
1819 to 1821. 

Walker, George. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Kentucky, from 
1814 to 1815. 

Walker, Isaac J».— He was a Se- 
nator in Congress, from Wisconsin, 
from 1848 to 1855, and Chairman of the 
Committee on Kevolutionary Claims. 

Walker, John. — He was a Senator 
in Congress, from Virginia, during the 
year 1790. 

Walker, John. — He was a Senator 
in Congress, from Georgia, from 1790 
to 1791. 

Walker, John W. — He was a Se- 
nator in Congress, from Alabama, from 
1819 to 1822, and died in April, 1823. 
He resigned his seat in Congress on ac- 
count of ill health. It was said that he 
sometimes addressed the Senate when 
it was thought he would die before fin- 
ishing. 

Walker, Percy.— Bom near Hunts- 



384 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



ville, Alabama; i-eceived an academic 
education, and in 1835 graduated in the 
medical department of the University 
of Pennsylvania, and removed to Mo- 
bile. He served as an officer in a volun- 
teer company during the Creek war. 
He afterwards studied law as a profes- 
sion, and was admitted to the bar in 
1842 ; he was elected by the Legislature 
to the office of State's Attorney for the 
Sixth Judicial Circuit, which he held 
four years. In 1839, 1847, and 1853, he 
represented Mobile County in the Gene- 
ral Assembly, and in 1855 was elected 
a Kepresentative, from Alabama, to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress. At the next 
election he declined being a candidate, 
and resumed the practice of law. 

WalJcer, Robert J. — Was born at 
Northumberland, in the State of Penn- 
sylvania, in 1801. He entered the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, in Philadel- 
phia, where he graduated in 1819. On 
leaving college, he settled in Pittsburg, 
studied law, and was admitted to prac- 
tice in 1821. He interested himself in 
politics at a very early period, and be- 
came Chairman of a Democratic Com- 
mittee, during a State election, when 
only twenty-two years of age. A year 
or two later he took part in the move- 
ment in favor of nominating General 
Jackson to the Presidency, and was in- 
strumental in bringing about the action 
of the Harrisburg Convention, which 
nonrinated Jackson for that office in 
1824. In the spring of 1826 he moved 
to the State of Mississippi. He uni- 
formly refused political office until 1836, 
when he was chosen a Senator in Con- 
gress, serving until 1845. In that body 
he was one of the leaders of his party. 
In March, 1845, on President Polk's 
accession to office, he was called upon to 
take charge of the Treasury Depart- 
ment, which he administered for four 
years. He subsequently visited Eng- 
land, where he met with flattering at- 
tentions. After having been for some 
years out of the pale of politics, he was 
appointed, by President Buchanan, in 
1857, Governor of the Territory of Kan- 
sas, which office he resigned. 

Walker, William A. — He was 

born in New Hampshire, and was a Ke- 
presentative, in Congress, from New 
York, from 1853 to 1855. Died at New 
York, December 18, 1861. 



Wall, Garret D. — Born in Mon- 
mouth County, New Jersey, March 10, 
1788 ; received an academical education, 
and in 1798 commenced the study of law 
at Trenton ; in 1804 was licensed as an 
attorne}'', and in 1807 as counsellor-at- 
law. Was appointed Clerk of the Su- 
preme Court in 1812, which office he 
held for five years. He commanded a 
volunteer company at the defence of 
Sandy Hook, in the last war ; and was 
Quartermaster-General of the State from 
1815 to 1837. In 1827 he was elected to 
the General Assembly. In 1829 was 
appointed United States District Attor- 
ney for New Jersey, and the same year 
elected Governor of the State, by the 
Legislature, but declined the appoint- 
ment. He was a member of the United 
States Senate from 1835 to 1841. In 
1843 his health was greatly impaired by 
a stroke of paralysis ; but in 1848 he was 
appointed Judge of the Court of Errors 
and Appeals, which office he occupied 
until his death, which occurred in Bur- 
lington, New Jersey, November 22, 
1850. His disease was dropsy on the 
chest. 

Wall, James W. — Was born in 
Trenton, New Jersey in 1820 ; his father, 
Garret D. Wall, having been a Senator 
before him ; graduated at Princeton 
College in 1839 ; studied law, and com- 
menced the practice in Trenton ; his 
first public position was that of Com- 
missioner of Bankruptcy ; in 1847, he 
settled in Burlington, and devoted some 
attention to literary pursuits ; in 1850 
he was elected Mayor of Burlington ; 
and in 1854 he visited Europe, and 
published a volume, entitled, " Foreign 
Etchings, or Visits to the Old World's 
Pleasant Places." During the early 
part of the Eebellion, he wrote against 
the administration in power for inter- 
fering with the freedom of the press, 
and was imprisoned for a few weeks in 
Port Lafayette, and on his release was 
welcomed home with great enthusiasm 
by his fellow-citizens ; and in January, 
1863, he was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, for the unex- 
pired term of John W. Thompson, de- 
ceased, but which seat was for a short 
time occupied by E. S. Field. 

Wall, William. — Was born in Phi- 
ladelphia, March 20, 1801 ; served seven 
years as an apprentice to a ropemaker ; 
removed to King's County, Long Island, 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



385 



in 1822, where he followed his business 
of rope-makingso successfully Ihut when 
he gave it up in I80I1 he had acquired a 
large fortune.. While thus engaged in 
active business, he was called upon to 
fill a great number of local offices, such 
as Commissioner of Highways, School 
Trustee, Supervisor, Commissioner of 
"Water-works, &c. ; and in 1860 he was 
elected a Eepresentative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, 
serving on the Committees on Kevolu- 
tionary Claims, and Expenditures on 
Public Buildings. 

Wallace, Daniel. — He was born 
in South Carolina, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1847 to 1853. 

Wallace, David. — He was born in 
Philadelphia, April 4, 1799 ; graduated 
at West Point in 1821, and served for a 
time as Professor of Mathematics. In 
1828 he was a member of the Indiana 
Legislature ; elected Lieutenant-Gover- 
nor of the State in 1830 and 1833 ; Go- 
vernor of the State from 1837 to 1840; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Indiana, from 1841 to 1843 ; and 
subsequently to his service in Con- 
gress was Prosecuting Attorney for the 
State ; a member of the State Constitu- 
tional Convention ; and in 1856 was 
elected Judge of the Court of Common 
Pleas at Indianapolis, where he died, 
September 5, 1859. 

Wallace, Ja^nes M. — He was born 
in Dauphin County, Pennsjdvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1815 to 1821." It is said 
he always protested against the initial 
M. in his name, but never got rid of it 
in the Journals of Congress. 

Wallace, John W.— He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and elected a Repre- 
sentative, from that State, to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on Claims. 

Wallace, Williani H. — Born in 
Miami County, Ohio, July 17, 1811; 
spent his early life in Indiana ; removed 
to Iowa in 1837 ; was elected to the 
State Legislature of Iowa, and served as 
Speaker, and also as President of the 
State Council ; was appointed, by Pre- 
sident Taylor, Receiver of Public Mo- 
neys at Fairfield, Iowa ; removed to 



"Washington Territory in 1853 ; served 
several sessions in the Territorial Legis- 
lature ; was appointed, in 1861, by Pre- 
sident Lincoln, Governor of Washing- 
ton Territory; was elected a Delegate 
therefrom to the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress ; was appointed the first Governor 
of Idaho Territory ; and re-elected to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, as a Delegate 
from Idaho. 

Walley, Saniitel H. — Born in Bos- 
ton, Massachusetts, August 31, 1805 
fitted for college at Andover Academy 
graduated at Harvard College in 1826 
studied law ; officiated for twenty years 
as Treasurer of a savings bank in Bos- 
ton for the benefit of seamen ; was also 
Treasurer for a long time of a railroad 
in Vermont, and one in New York ; he 
was also a member of the State Legis- 
lature for eight sessions, and Speaker of 
the House for two years ; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress from 1853 to 1855. 
On his return from Washington he was 
the Whig candidate for Governor of 
Massachusetts, but was defeated ; was a 
Bank Commissioner in 1858 ; and in 
1859 became President of the Revere 
Bank of Boston. 

Wain, Itohert. — He was a promi- 
nent merchant in Philadelphia, and a 
member of Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1798 to 1801, and died, Janu- 
ary 24, 1836, aged seventy-one years. 

Walsh, 3Iike. — Born in Yanghull, 
Ireland ,but brought to this country when 
a child ; spent his boyhood as a wanderer ; 
conducted a paper in New York called 
the "Subterranean," in which he pub- 
lished certain libels, for which he was 
imprisoned two years ; and he was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1853 to 1855. He subse- 
quently visited Europe, and also Mexico, 
and on March 17, 1859, was found dead 
in tine yard of a public house in New 
York. The cause of his death unknown. 

Walsh, Hioinas Y. — He was a na- 
tive of Maryland, and a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1853. 

Walton, Charles W. — Was born 
in Mexico, Oxford County, Maine, De- 
cember 9, 1819 ; was bred a printer ; 
studied law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1843 ; in 1847 was elected Attorney 



386 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



for Oxford County, which he held for 
four years ; removing to Androscoggin 
County in 1855, was elected Attorney 
for that county in 1857, which office he 
held until 1860, when he was elected a 
Kepresentative, from Maine, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Private Land Claims. 
In May, 1862, he resigned his seat in 
Congress, and was appointed, by the 
Governor, a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of Maine. 

Walton, E. jP.— Born at Montpe- 
lier, Vermont, February 17, 1812; stu- 
died law, but was a practical printer and 
editor, having for several years edited 
the "Vermont Watchman;" he served 
in the State Legislature, as Representa- 
tive, one term ; and was then elected a 
Eepresentative to the Thirty-fifth Con- 
gress, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Public Expenditures. He was 
also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth and 
Thirty-seventh Congresses, and serving 
as a member of the Committee on 
Claims, and Chairman of that on Print- 
ing. He was also a Delegate to the Bal- 
timore Convention of 1864. 

Walton, George. — He was a na- 
tive of Virginia ; born in 1740 ; he served 
an apprenticeship to the carpenter's 
trade, after the expiration of which he 
removed to Georgia, studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1774. He 
was one of the signers of the Declara- 
tion of Independence, and one of the 
four individuals who called a public 
meeting at Savannah to concert mea- 
sures for the defence of the country, in 
1774 ; was one of the Committee who 
prepared a petition to the King, and 
drew up the patriotic resolutions adopted 
on that occasion. He was active in pro- 
moting the Eevolution at home, and in 
1776 was a Delegate to Congress, from 
Georgia. When the enemy attacked 
Savannah he was dangerously wounded 
and taken prisoner, but was released in 
1779, and the same year was chosen Go- 
vernor of the State ; in 1780 was again 
sent to Congress ; and in 1783 was ap- 
pointed Chief Justice of the State; in 
1787 was a Delegate to the Convention 
for framing the Constitution of the 
United States, but declined taking his 
seat; in 1793 was again Judge of the 
Supreme Court ; and in 1795 was elected 
to succeed General Jackson as a Senator 



in Congress, serving one year. He died 
February 2, 1804. 

Walton, 3Iatthew. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1803 to 1807. Died Janu- 
ary 18, 1819. 

Walivorth, JReuben Hyde. — He 

was born at Bozrah, Connecticut, in Oc- 
tober, 1789. He spent his earlier years 
on a farm, and had few advantages of 
education. He commenced the study of 
law at the age of seventeen, and when 
twenty was admitted to practice, and 
when twenty-two was licensed as an 
attorney of the Supreme Court of New 
York. He settled at Plattsburg in 1811, 
and held successively the offices of Mas- 
ter in Chancery, officer of militia during 
the siege of Plattsburg in 1814, and Ad- 
jutant-General of the combined forces, 
having as such participated in the bat- 
tles of Beekmanstown and Pike's Can- 
tonment. He was a member of the 
House during the Seventeenth Congress, 
declined a re-election, and was appointed 
a Circuit Judge in 1823 ; and in 1828 he 
was made Chancellor of the State of 
New York, which he held for twenty 
years, when the office was abolished. 
His opinions as Chancellor were pub- 
lished in fourteen volumes, while his 
other opinions occupy as many more. 

Ward, Aaron. — He was born at 
Sing Sing, New York ; was educated at 
Mount Pleasant Academy, and adopted 
the profession of law. He served, in 
1813, in the regular army as a Captain ; 
was, for a time after the war, District 
Attorney for the County of West- 
chester, and subsequently^ attained the 
position of Major-General of the New 
York militia. His terms of service as a 
Representative in Congress were from 
1825 to 1829, from 1831 to 1837. and 
from 1841 to 1843. 

Ward, Artemas. — Graduated at 
Harvard College in 1748. He was a Re- 
presentative in the Massachusetts Legis- 
lature ; a member of the Common Coun- 
cil of Boston ; and a Judge of the Court 
of Common Pleas for the County of 
Worcester. June 17, 1775, he was ap- 
pointed Major-General of the American 
army, and was intrusted with the com- 
mand of the right wing of the troops 
stationed at Roxbury for the siege of 
Boston. He was a Delegate to the Pro- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



387 



vincial Congress, and a Eepresentative 
in the United States Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1791 to 1795. He 
was much esteemed by Washington, and 
although he resigned his commission in 
April, 1776, yet at the request of the 
Comoiander-in-chief he continued some 
time longer in the service. He was a 
man of exemplary piety and incorrup- 
tible integrity. After a long and patient 
endurance of many sufferings, he died, 
October 28, 1800, aged seventy-three 
years. 

Ward, Artemas. — He was a na- 
tive of Massachusetts, and born in 1763 ; 
graduated at Harvard University in 
1783 ; he studied law, and was admitted 
to practice, and soon became eminent in 
his profession. He was elected a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Massachu- 
setts, from 1813 to 1817; in 1821 he was 
appointed Chief Justice of the Court of 
Common Pleas, which office he held for 
nineteen years. He died in Boston, Oc- 
tober 7, 1847. He was honored with the 
degree of LL.D. from Harvard Uni- 
versity. 

TVard, Elijah. — He was born in 
Sing Sing, New York, September 16, 
1816 ; received an academic education, 
and was bred a merchant, chiefly in the 
city of New York, where he was Presi- 
dent of the Mercantile Library Asso- 
ciation in 1839 ; he studied law at the 
University of New York, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1843. He was 
elected a Eepresentative, from New 
York, to the Thirty -fifth Congress, serv- 
ing on the Committee on the District of 
Columbia. In 1860 he was re-elected to 
the Thirty-seventh Congress, and in 
1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, 
serving on the Committees on Eoads and 
Canals, and on Commerce. 

Ward, fJonathan. — He was a na- 
tive of New York, and a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from 181-5 to 1817, having 
been a State Senator, from Westchester 
County, from 1807 to 1810. 

Ward, Matthias. — He was born 
in Elbert County, Georgia, but grew up 
to manhood in Madison County, Ala- 
bama. He received an academic educa- 
tion ; was a school teacher for two years ; 
studied law, and became a citizen of the 
Eepublic of Texas, in 1836. He served 
a number of years in the Congress of 



that Eepublic, and when it became a 
State, was elected to the Legislature as 
a Senator. He was a member of the 
two Conventions which nominated Mr. 
Pierce and Mr. Buchanan for the office 
of President ; in 1856 he was chosen 
President of the State Democratic Con- 
vention held at Austin ; and in 1858 was 
appointed a Senator in Congress, from 
Texas, for the term ending in 1868. 
Died at Ealeigh, North Carolina, Octo- 
ber 13, 1861. 

Wardf Thomas. — Was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from New. Jersey, 
from 1813 to 1817. He died at Newark, 
New Jersey, February 4, 1842, aged 
eighty-three. 

Ward, William T. — He was born 

in Kentucky ; and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1851 
to 1853. 

Wardtvell, Daniel. — He was born 
in Ehode Island, and having taken up 
his residence in New York, was elected 
a Eepresentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1831 to 1837, and was Chair- 
man of the Committee on Eevolutionary 
Pensions. He was also a member of the 
New York Assembly for four years, 
from Jefferson County. 

Ware, Nicholas. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Georgia, from 1821 
to the time of his death, which occurred 
in New York City, September 7, 1824. 

Warfleld, Henry M. — Was born 

in Anne Arundel County, Maryland; 
and was a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1819 to 1825. On 
the morning of March 18, 1839, he was 
found dead in his bed, at Frederick, 
Maryland. 

Warner, Hiram,.— Born in Hamp- 
shire County, Massachusetts, October 
29, 1802 ; he received a good common 
school education, with some knowledge 
of the classics, and emigrated to Georgia 
at the age of seventeen, and there taught 
school for three years ; with his earnings 
he was enabled to study the profession 
of law, and was admitted to practice in 
1825, and opened an office at Knoxville, 
in Crawford County. From 1828 to 
1831, he was a Eepresentative in the 
General Assembly, and declined a re- 
election. In 1833 he was elected by the 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Legislature one of the Judges of the 
Superior Courts of the State, and was 
reappointed in 1836, holding the office 
until 1840. From that time till 1845 
he was engaged in- a lucrative practice, 
and was that year appointed one of the 
Judges- of the Supreme Court, serving 
for eight years, and then resigned. In 
1855 he was elected a Representative in 
the Thirty-fourth Congress, and de- 
clined a re-election in 1857. 

Warren, Cornelius, — Born in- 
Putnam County, New York, in 1790, 
and died at Cold Spring, July 28, 1849. 
He was a member of Congress, from 
New York, from 1847 until his death. 

Warren, Edward A. — Born in 

Greene County, Alabama, May 2, 1818 ; 
received a liberal education, and stu- 
died the profession of law. He served 
in the Mississippi Legislature in 1845 
and 1846, and in the Legislature of Ar- 
kansas in 1848 and 1849, as Speaker of 
the House. In 1850 he was elected 
State's Attorney for the Sixth Judicial 
District of Arkansas ; and was a Repre- 
sentative, from that State, in the Thirty- 
third Congress, and was re-elected to 
the Thirty-fifth. He was a member of 
the Committees on the Militia, and 
Railroads and Canals. 

Warren, Lott. — Born in Burke 
County, Georgia, October 30, 1797 ; 
commenced life as a clerk in a store ; 
served in the Seminole war as a Second 
Lieutenant of militia in 1818 ; studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1821 ; in 1823 he was elected a Major of 
battalion ; in 1824 went to the State 
Legislature ; in 1825 was appointed So- 
licitor-General to fill a vacancy ; in 1830 
he was sent to the State Senate ; in 1831 
again elected to the Lower House ; and 
he was a Representative in Congress, 
from 1839 to 1843. He is still devoted 
to the profession of law. 

Washburn, Cadivallader C. — 

Born in the town of Livermore, Maine, 
April 22, 1818. He was a lawyer by 
profession ; removed to Wisconsin, and 
was elected a Representative, from that 
State, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty- 
fifth Congresses. He was a member of 
the Committees on Private Land Claims, 
and Expenditures on the Public Build- 
ings. He was re-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of 



the Committee on Private Land Claims. 
He was also a Delegate to the Peace 
Congress of 1861. 

Washburn, Israel, Jr. — Born 
June 6, 1813, at Livermore, County of 
Oxford (now Androscoggin), Maine. 
He received a classical education ; stu- 
died law, and in October, 1834, was ad- 
mitted to the bar ; he commenced the 
practice of law in Orono, Penobscot 
County, December, 1834, where he has 
since resided. He was a member of the 
Legislature in 1842, and elected to the 
Federal House of Representatives, from 
Maine, for the Thirty-second, Thirty- 
third, Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and 
Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving in the 
latter Congress as a member of the Com- 
mittee of Ways and Means. In 1860 
he was elected Governor of Maine, and 
in 1863 was appointed, by President 
Lincoln, Collector of Portland. 

Washbxirn, William B. — He was 

born in Winchendon Massachusetts, 
January 31, 1820; graduated at Yale 
College in 1844 ; has always been en- 
gaged in the manufacturing business ; 
was a member of the State Senate in 
1850, and of the Lower House in 1854; 
was subsequently President of the Green- 
field Bank ; and was elected a Repre- 
sentative, from Massachusetts, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committees on Invalid Pensions, and 
Roads and Canals. 

Washburne, Elihu B. — Born in 
Livermore, Oxford County, Maine, 
September 23, 1816 ; served an appren- 
ticeship in the printing-office of the 
Kennebec Journal ; studied law at 
Harvard University, and removing to 
the West, practised at Galena, Illinois. 
He was elected a Representative to the 
Thirty-third Congress, from that State, 
and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth, 
Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth Con- 
gresses, serving on two occasions as 
Chairman of the Committee on Com- 
merce. He was also elected to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, again serv- 
ing as Chairman of the Committee 
on Commerce, and re-elected to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving again 
as Chairman of the Committee on Com- 
merce, and as a member of the Joint 
Committee on the Library. On account 
of his having served continuously for a 
longer period than any other member of 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



389 



this Congress, usage awarded to him 
the title of " Father of the House." 

Washington, George C. — Born 
in Westmoreland County, Virginia, 
August 20, 1789, and died in George- 
town, District of Columbia, July 17, 
1854. He was educated at Cambridge, 
and became a lawyer by profession, 
though partial to the pursuit of agricul- 
ture. At the time of his death, he was 
the oldest and nearest surviving male 
relative of his granduncle. General 
Washington. He represented Mary- 
land in Congress, from 1827 to 1833, 
and from 1835 to 1837. He was also 
President of the Chesapeake and Ohio 
Canal, and a Commissioner for the set- 
tlementof Indian Claims. When Gene- 
ral Scott was nominated for the Presi- 
dency, Mr. Washington was spoken of 
as the candidate for Vice-President. 

Washington, William H. — Born 

in North Carolina ; graduated at Yale 
College in 1834, and is a lawyer by pro- 
fession. He was in Congress from 1841 
to 1843, and subsequently five or six 
years in the State Legislature. 

Watkins, Albert G. — He was born 
in Jefferson County, Tennessee, May 5, 
1818 ; was educated at Holston College, 
Tennessee : adopted the profession of 
law ; was elected to the Legislature, 
from his native county, in 1845 ; was a 
Presidential Elector in 1848 ; and was 
first elected a Representative in Con- 
gress in 1849, and has been re-elected to 
each succeeding Congress, excepting 
the Thirty-third, when he declined the 
nomination. He was a member of the 
Committees on Manufactures, and on 
the Militia. 

Watniough, John G. — He was 

born on the banks of the Brandywine, 
Delaware, December 6, 1793, and edu- 
cated at the University of Pennsylvania 
and Princeton, lie served in the war 
of 1812, as a Lieutenant in the Second 
Artillery, and while doing service on 
the frontiers, in 1813 and 1814, was 
wounded by receiving in his body three 
musket-balls, the last of which was ex- 
tracted in 1835 ; he resigned his com- 
mission in 1816, and was elected a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, in 1831, where he remained 
four years, during the whole of which 
period his wounds were open and con- 



stantly giving him pain. His other 
public positions were those of aide-de- 
camp to General Gaines at New Or- 
leans, and in the Creek Nation in 1814 
and 1815 ; High Sheriff of Philadelphia 
City and County, in 1835 ; and Sur- 
veyor of that port in 1841. During the 
latter part of his life he lived in retire- 
ment, and died at Philadelphia, No- 
vember 29, 1861. 

Watson, Cooper K. — He was born 
in Ohio, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 
1857. 

Watson, James. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from New York, from 
1798 to 1800, when he resigned ; had 
previously been a member of the As- 
sembly of New York, during the years 
1791, 1794, 1795, and 1796 ; was a State 
Senator in 1797. 

Watterson, Harvey M. — He was 

born in Tennessee, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1839 to 1843. 

Watts, John. — He was born in 
New York in 1749, and died in New 
York City, September 3, 1836. He was 
a member of Congress, from 1793 to 
1795. 

Watts, John S. — He was born in 
Kentucky, and elected a Delegate, from 
the Territory of New Mexico, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress. 

Wayne, Aiithony. — Born in East- 
town, Chester County, Pennsylvania, 
in 1746. In 1773 he was elected a Re- 
presentative in the General Assembly, 
where he took an active part against 
the claims of Great Britain. In 1775 
he entered the army as Colonel, and in 
the battle at the Three Rivers, in June, 
1776, received a wound in the leg, and 
at the close of the campaign he was 
made a Brigadier-General. In the bat- 
tles of Brandywine, Germantown, and 
Monmouth, and especially at Stony 
Point, he greatly distinguished himself, 
in the latter assault receiving a severe 
wound in the head. In 1781 he led the 
Pennsylvania line, to form a junction 
with Lafayette in Virginia, and engaged 
in the capture of Cornwallis ; after 
which he conducted the war in Georgia 
with equal success, receiving from the 



390 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Legislature of that State a valuable 
farm as a reward for his services, upon 
which he retired after the war. In 1787 
he was a member of the Convention for 
framing the Constitution, and served as 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Georgia, in 1791, but his seat was va- 
cated by a resolution of the House. In 
1792 he was again called into military 
service, and succeeded St. Clair in the 
command of the army against the In- 
dians, gaining a complete victory over 
them in 1794, at the battle of the Mia-, 
mi ; he concluded a treaty, August 3, 
1795, with the hostile tribes northwest 
of the Ohio. While in the service of 
his country, having attained the rank 
of Major-G-eneral, he died in a hut at 
Presque Isle, and was buried on the 
shore of Lake Erie, in December, 1796. 

Wayne, Isaac. — He was a Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva- 
nia, from 1823 to 1825. 

Wayne, James M. — He was born 
in Savannah, Georgia. Having ob- 
tained an excellent preliminary educa- 
tion, under the instruction of a private 
tutor, he entered Nassau Hall (now 
Princeton College), where he counted 
among his fellow-students some of the 
leading men of the present day. On his 
return home, at the close of his collegi- 
ate course, he commenced the study of 
law with one of the most distinguished 
lawyers of Savannah ; but his father 
having died a few months afterwards, 
he left, by the advice of his friends, to 
prosecute his studies at the North. On 
his return home, he commenced the 
practice of his profession, and also took 
much interest in politics. After three 
or four years, he was elected a member 
of the General Assembly, as an oppo- 
nent of the "relief law," which had 
created much feeling throughout the 
State. He was re-elected the following 
year, but declined being a candidate the 
third time. He was next Mayor of the 
city. On his resignation of that oifice, 
he was chosen Judge of the Superior 
Court, and served for five years and a 
half. He was then elected a member 
of Congress, in the session of 1829-30. 
He took a prominent position in the 
House as a debater, and also proved 
himself a good business member on 
various committees. He was a sup- 
porter of President Jackson, by whom 
he was appointed to a seat on the bench 



of the United States Supreme Court in 
1835. He has proved himself a sound 
and accomplished jurist. He has espe- 
cially devoted his attention to the sub- 
ject of admiralty jurisprudence, and his 
opinion on points connected with that 
subject are everywhere cited as high 
authority. 

Weakley, Robert. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Tennes- 
see, from 1809 to 1811, and in 1819 was 
appointed United States Commissioner 
to treat with the Chickasaws. 

Webster, Daniel. — Born in the 

town of Salisbury, New Hampshire, 
January 18, 1782. His opportunities 
for education were very deficient, and 
he was indebted for his earliest instruc- 
tion to his mother. For a few months 
only, in 1796, he enjoyed the advan- 
tages of Phillips's Exeter Academy ; 
here his education for college com- 
menced, and it was completed at Bos- 
cawen. He entered Dartmouth Col- 
lege in 1797, and graduated in 1801. 
Soon after he engaged in professional 
studies, first in his native village, and 
afterwards at Pryeburg, in Maine, 
where, at the same time, he had the 
charge of an academy, and was also a co- 
pyist in the oifice of the Register of Deeds. 
Having completed his studies in the 
ofiice of Governor Gore, of Boston, he 
was admitted to the bar of Sufi'olk, Mas- 
sachusetts, in the year 1805. He com- 
menced the practice of law in his native 
State, and county ; in 1807 he removed 
to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and 
soon became engaged in a respectable 
but not lucrative practice. In 1812 he 
was chosen a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Massachusetts, and was re- 
elected. He removed to Boston in 1816, 
and was placed at once beside the lead- 
ers of the Massachusetts bar, having 
already appeared before the Supreme 
Court of the United States, at Wash- 
ington. By his argument in the Dart- 
mouth College case, carried by appeal 
to Washington, in 1817, he took rank 
among the most distinguished^ jurists 
in the country. In 182U he was chosen 
a member of the Convention for revis- 
ing the Constitution of Massachusetts. 
He was offered, about this time, a no- 
mination as a Senator of the United 
States, but declined. In 1822 he was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
from the city of Boston ; he took his 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



391 



seat in December, 1823, and early in the 
session made his celebrated speech on 
the Greek Kevolution, which at once 
established his reputation as one of the 
first statesmen of the age. In the au- 
tumn of the same year he was re-elected. 
In 1826 he was again elected, and under 
the Presidency of Mr. Adams, he was 
the leader of the friends of the adminis- 
tration, first in the House of Kepresen- 
tatives, and afterwards in the Senate, 
to which he was elected in 1827. His 
speech on the Panama Mission was made 
in the first session of the Nineteenth 
Congress. When the tariflf law of 1824 
was brought forward he spoke against 
it, on the ground of expediency. He 
remained in the Senate a period of 
twelve years. In 1830 he made what 
is generally regarded the ablest of his 
parliamentary efforts, his second speech 
in ve\Ay to Colonel Hayne, of South 
Carolina. Mr. Webster, although op- 
posed to the administration of General 
Jackson, gave it a cordial support in its 
measures for the defence of the Union, 
in 1832 and 1833, but opposed its finan- 
cial system. In 1839 he made a short 
visit to Europe. His fame had preceded 
him, and he was received, in the Old 
World, with the attention due to his 
character and talents, at the French 
and English courts. On the accession 
of President Harrison, he was appointed 
Secretary of State, and was continued 
in this office by President Tyler. Presi- 
dent Tyler's cabinet was broken up in 
1842, but Mr. Webster remained in 
office till the spring of 1843, being desi- 
rous of putting some other matters, 
connected with our foreign relations, 
in a prosperous train. Mr. Webster 
returned to the Senate of the United 
States in 1845, and he remained in that 
body until 1850, when he was appointed 
Secretary of State, by President Fill- 
more. In December, 1850, the famous 
Hiilsemann letter was written. In 1851, 
by his judicious management of theCuba 
question, he obtained of the Spanish Go- 
vernment the pardon of the followers of 
Lopez, who had been deported to Spain. 
About the same time he received from 
the English Government an apology 
for the interference of a British cruiser 
with an American steamer, in the waters 
of Nicaragua. This was the second 
time that the British Government had 
made a similar concession at the in- 
stance of Mr. Webster. The first was 
in reference to the destruction of the 



"Caroline," at Schlosser. He paid 
much attention to agriculture, and his 
residence, when not engaged in public 
business at Washington, was either at 
Marshfield, in Massachusetts, or the 
place of his birth, in New Hampshire. 
The works of Mr. Webster were pub- 
lished in six volumes, with a biographi- 
cal memoir by Edward Everett. He 
died October 23, 1852, at Marshfield ; 
and in 1857, two volumes of Mr. Web- 
ster's private correspondence were 
published by his son, Fletcher Webster, 
Esq. 

Webster, Edwin H. — He was 

born in Harford County, Maryland, 
March 31, 1829; was educated at Dick- 
inson College, and was a member of the 
Maryland Senate from 1855 to 1859, 
serving two years as the President of 
that body. In 1856 he was chosen a Pre- 
sidential Elector. His term in Congress 
commenced with the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, as a Eepresentative from Mary- 
land, and he was re-elected to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Claims, and on Public Expen- 
ditures. For a time he rendered the State 
some service in a military capacity, and 
was Colonel of a Maryland regiment. 
In 1863 he was re-elected to the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees of Claims, and on the Militia. 

Webster, Taylor. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, and having settled in 
Ohio, was elected a Eepresentative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 
1839^ 

Weeks, John W. — He was a Coun- 
ty Sheritf in New Hampshire from 1820 
to 1825 ; a State Senator in 1827 and 
1828 ; a Eepresentative in Congress, from 
New Hampshire, from 1829 to 1833; 
and Judge of Probate in Coos County 
in 1854. 

Weeks, Joseph. — He was born in 
Massachusetts, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 
1835 to 1839, having previously been 
for two years Judge of the County Court 
for Cheshire County. 

Weems, John C. — He was born in 
Calvert County, Maryland, and was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1826 to 1829. 



392 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Weightman, Michard Hanson. 

— Born in Maryland, and educated at 
West Point ; was a Captain in the Mis- 
souri battalion of light artillery volun- 
teers in the Mexican war, and distin- 
guished himself under Colonel Donophan 
in the battle of Sacramento ; subsequent- 
ly held the position of additional Pay- 
master ; and was a Delegate to Congress, 
from New Mexico, from 1851 to 1853. 

Welch, John. — He was born in Jef- 
ferson County, Ohio, October, 28, 1805 ; 
was educated at Franklin College, Ohio ; 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1833 ; he was a member of the 
State Senate of Ohio in 1846 and 1847 ; 
and a Kepresentative in Congress, from 
1851 to 1853. He was subsequently one 
of the Trustees of the Ohio University. 

Welch, William W. — He was born 
in Norfolk, Connecticut, December 10, 
1818 ; received the rudiments of his 
education at the common schools and 
from private instructors, and having 
turned his attention to the science of 
medicine, received the degree of M.D. 
from the medical institution of Yale 
College, in 1838 ; and, excepting when 
interrupted by his public duties, has 
ever been a practising physician. He 
has twice been elected to the House of 
Kepresentatives, and twice to the Senate 
of Connecticut; and he was a Represen- 
tative, from that State, during the Thir- 
ty-fourth Congress. 

Wellborn, M. J. — Born in Georgia, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1849 to 1851. 

Weller, John ^.— He was born in 
Ohio ; was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1839 to 1845; was 
the first United States Commissioner to 
Mexico, under the treaty of Guadalupe 
Hidalgo ; and having taken up his resi- 
dence in California, was elected to the 
United States Senate, in 1851, for a long 
term ; and was subsequently elected Go- 
vernor of California. In December, 
1860, he was appointed Minister to Mexi- 
co ; and was a Delegate to the Chicago 
Convention in 1864. 

Welles, William H. — He was a 

Senator in Congress, from Delaware, 
from 1799 to 1804, when he resigned, 
and again from 1813 to 1817 ; he died 
March 11, 1829. 



Wells, Alfred. — Born in Dagsboro, 
Sussex County, Delaware, May 27, 1814; 
adopted the profession of law, and set- 
tled at Ithaca, New York ; and in 1858 
was elected a Representative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving as a member of the Committee 
on the Militia. He has also held the 
positions of Deputy Clerk, District At- 
torney, and Judge of Tompkins County, 
New York. 

Wells, Daniel, Jr. — He was born 
in Maine, and adopted the profession of 
law. In 1836 he removed to Wiscon- 
sin, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. 
He subsequently held the ofl&ces of Judge 
of Probate and County Jvidge, and died 
in 1858. 

Wells, John. — He was born in New 
York, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. 

Wells, John S. — He was a Senator 
in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 
January to March, in 1855, by executive 
appointment. He filled many local of- 
fices, and died at Exeter, New Hamp- 
shire, in 1860, aged fifty-six years. 

Wendover, Peter H. — He was 

born in New York City ; was a member 
of the State Assembly, from the city of 
New York, in 1804; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1815 to 1821. 

Wentworth, John. — He was born 
in Sandwich, New Hampshire, March 
5, 1815. He received an academic edu- 
cation ; taught school for a while, and 
having entered Dartmouth College, gra- 
duated in 1836. Removing soon after- 
wards to Illinois, he studied law and 
settled in Chicago, where he has ever 
since been connected with the press, and 
practised his profession, excepting when 
in Congress, his service, as a Represen- 
tative, having extended from 1843 to 
1855. He was subsequently twice elected 
Mayor of Chicago. 

Wentworth, Tappan. — He was 

born in Dover, New Hampshire, Feb- 
ruary 24, 1802 ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from Massachusetts, 
from 1853 to 1855. He followed the law 
as a profession, and was President of 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



393 



the Common Council of Lowell in 1842 ; 
and served four years in the State Senate. 

Westbrook, John. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and was a Kepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1841 to 1843. 

Westbrook, Theodoric M. — He 

was a native of New York, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1853 to 1855. 

Westcott, tTamesD. — He was born 
at Alexandria, Virginia, in May, 1802. 
He removed with his father to New 
Jersey, and was at an early age admitted 
to the bar of the Supreme Court of that 
State, where he practised his profession 
until 1829 ; and he afterwards held, for 
a short time, a position in the Consular 
Bureau of the State Department at 
Washington. He was appointed, by 
President Jackson, Secretary of the Ter- 
ritory of Florida, and held the oflBce 
four years, performing the duties of the 
Governor during his temporary absence. 
He was a member of the Territorial Le- 
gislature in 1832. He was appointed 
United States District Attorney fur the 
Middle District of the Territory, which 
office he held until 1836. He was again 
a member of the Legislature, and a 
member of the Convention for framing 
a State Constitution in 1838 and 1839. 
On the admission of Florida into the 
Union as a State, in 1845, he was elected 
a Senator in Congress, and served until 
1849. 

Westerlo, Mensselaer. — He was 

born in New York, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1817 to 1819. 

Wethered, John. — He was born in 
Maryland, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 
1845. 

Whaley, Killian V, — Was born 
in Onondaga County, New York, May 
6, 1821. While yet young, he removed 
with his father to Ohio, and received a 
limited education, and when twentj^-one 
years old he settled in Western Vir- 
ginia, devoting himself to the lumber 
and mercantile business. When the 
Rebellion broke out he took the Union 
side of the question, and was elected to 
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 



the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 
He afterwards acted as an aid to Go- 
vernor Pierpoint, in organizing and 
equipping regiments, and was in com- 
mand at the battle of Guyandotte, when 
he was taken prisoner, in November, 
1861. After travelling with his captors 
sixt}' miles towards Richmond, he made 
his escape at night when surrounded 
with guards, and after six days and 
nights spent in the mountains, sutfering 
much from hunger, fatigue, and cold, 
he arrived safely at Catlettsburg, Ken- 
tucky, and was soon able to resume his 
seat in the House of Representatives. 
He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving as Chairman of the 
Committee on Invalid Pensions, and as 
a member of the Committee on Agri- 
culture. He was also a Delegate to the 
Baltimore Convention of 1864. 

Jlliallon, Reuben. — Born in New- 
Jersey, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 1833 
to 1835, and died in Essex County, New 
York, April 15, 1843, aged sixty-six 
years. 

JVJiavton, <Tesse.—B.e represented 
the State of Tennessee, in Congress, 
from 1807 to 1809, and was a United 
States Senator in 1814 and 1815. He 
died at Nashvile, July 22, 1833. 

Wheaton, Horace. — He was born 

in New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1847. 

Wheaton, Laban. — He was born 
at Marshfield, Massachusetts, and gradu- 
ated at Harvard University in 1774. He 
studied both theology and law. He was 
a County Judge, and a Representative in 
Congress, from 1809 to 1817. He died 
at Norton, Massachusetts, March 23, 
1846, aged ninety-two years. 

Wheeler, Ezra. — He was born in 
Chenango County, New York, in 1820 ; 
emigrated to Berlin, Wisconsin, in 1849 ; 
adopted the profession of law; in 1852 
he was elected to the Legislature of 
Wisconsin ; in 1854 he was elected to 
the office of County Judge, holding the 
same for eight years ; and he was elected 
a Representative, from Wisconsin, to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on the District of Colum- 
bia. 



26 



394 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Wlieeler, Grattan H. — He was a 

native of New York, and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1831 to 1833. He was also a member 
of the State Assembly, from Steuben 
County, for four years, and one year a 
member of the State Senate. 

Wheeler, John.—Bovu in 1823, at 
Darby, Connecticut ; received a good 
commercial education, and at the age 
of twenty entered the mercantile busi- 
ness in New York City ; he subsequently 
engaged in hotel keeping, which he fol- 
lowed at the time of his election, and 
during his service as a member of Con- 
gress, having been a Representative 
from 1853 to 1857. 

Wheeler, William A. — Born in 

Malone, Franklin County, New York, 
in 1820; adopted the profession of law ; 
in 1850 and 1851 he was elected to the 
State Legislature ; in 1857 and 1858 to 
the State Senate ; and in 1860 he was 
elected a Eepresentative, from New 
York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress. 
He was for many years engaged in the 
banking business, and was President of 
the Ogdensburg and Eouse Point Rail- 
road Company. 

Wliipple, Thomas. — He was born 
in Berkshire County, Massachusetts ; 
was bred a physician, and served the 
State of New Hampshire, as a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1821 to 1829. 
He died at Wentworth, New Hamp- 
shire, January 23, 1835, age(|,iifty years. 

White, Addisoti. — He was born in 
Kentucky, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 
1853. 

JFJiite, Albert S. — Was born in 
Blooming Grove, Orange County, New 
York, October 24, 1803 ; graduated at 
Union College in 1822 ; studied law and 
was admitted to the bar at Newburg 
in 1825 ; removed to Indiana in 1829 ; 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1837 to 1839 ; was 
a Senator in Congress, from 1839 to 
1845 ; during his service in Congress, he 
was instrumental in securing grants of 
land for the Wabash and Erie Canal ; 
and after leaving Congress, he aban- 
doned politics and turned his attention 
to the railroad business, becoming Presi- 
dent of the Wabash and Indianapolis, 



and of the Lake Erie, Wabash and St. 
Louis Companies. Earlier in life he 
was for five years Clerk of the Indiana 
House of Representatives ; and was 
elected a Representative, from Indiana, 
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving 
as a member of the Committee on For- 
eign Affairs, and Chairman of a Select 
Committee on Emancipation. After 
leaving Congress, he was appointed by 
President Lincoln, a Commissioner to 
settle certain claims against the Sioux 
Indians. In January, 1864 he was ap- 
pointed, by President Lincoln, Judge of 
the District Court of Indiana. He died in 
Stockwell, Indiana, September 4, 1864. 

White, Alexander. — He was a 

Delegate to the Continental Congress, 
from North Carolina, from 1786 to 1788, 
and a Representative in Congress, from 
1789 to 1793, and distinguished for his 
eloquence and patriotisna. He died at 
Woodville, Virginia, in 1804, aged six- 
ty-six years. 

White, Alexander. — He was born 
in Tennessee, and having settled in Ala- 
bama, was elected a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 
1853. 

JVhite, Allison. — He was born in 
Pennsylvania, December 21, 1816; re- 
ceived a common school education ; 
studied law, and practised his profes- 
sion for twelve years. He was elected 
a Representative from Pennsylvania to 
the Thirty-fifth Congress, from the Fif- 
teenth Congressional District of that 
State, and was Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Expenditures on the Public 
Buildings. 

White, Bartow. — He was born in 
Westchester County, New York ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1825 to 1827. 

White, Benjamin. — He was born 
in Maine ; a farmer by occupation ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1844 to 1845. During 
the years 1841 and 1842 he was also a 
member of the Maine Legislature. 

White, Campbell P. — Was born 

in New York ; for many years a pro- 
minent merchant in that city ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1829 to 1835. He also took 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



395 



a leading part in the New York Con- 
vention of 1846. He died February 12, 
1^59, leaving an exalted reputation for 
abilities, and sterling qualities of heart 
and manners. 

Wllite, Chilton A. — Was born in 
Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio, Feb- 
ruary, 1826 ; studied law with General 
Thomas L. Hamer, under whom he 
served one year as a private soldier in 
Mexico ; was admitted to the bar in 
1848, and settled in his native town. In 
1852 and 1853 he was the Prosecuting 
Attorney for Brown County ; in 1859 
and 1860 was chosen a Senator in the 
State Legislature ; but before the expi- 
ration of his second term, he was elected 
a Eepresentative, from Ohio, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
the Committee on Public Expenditures. 
He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committees 
on Manufactures, and Expenditures in 
the Post-office Department. 

White. David. — He was one of the 

Judges or the Circuit Court of Ken- 
tucky, and represented that State in 
Congress, from 1823 to 1825. He died 
in Franklin County, Kentucky, Feb- 
ruary 17, 1835, aged fifty years. 

White, Edward D. — Governor of 
Louisiana, and a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1829 to 
1834, and again from 1839 to 1843. His 
popularity was great and well deserved. 
He died in New Orleans, April 18, 1847. 

White, Francis. — He was a Ee- 
presentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
his native State, from 1813 to 1815. 

WJiite, Hugh. — He was born in 
New York, followed the plough until 
he was nineteen years of age, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from his 
native State, from 1845 to 1851. 

Wllite, Hugh Laivsoti. — He was 

born in Iredell County, North Carolina, 
October 30, 1773 ; removed with his 
father to Knox County, Tennessee, in 
1786 ; volunteered as a private soldier 
during, the Indian hostilities in 1792. 
In 1794 he went to Philadelphia, and 
pursued a course of mathematical stu- 
dies, and then went to Lancaster, Penn- 
sylvania, and studied law. He com- 
menced the practice of his profession at 



Knoxville, in 1796. In 1801 he was 
appointed Judge of the Supreme Court 
of the State, and served until 1807. In 
1808 he was appointed District Attor- 
ney, and in 1809 was elected to the State 
Senate ; he again served six years in the 
Supreme Court as Judge, and in 1815 
was chosen President of the State Bank 
of Tennessee. In 1820 he was again a 
member of the State Senate, and about 
that time was appointed, by President 
Monroe, a Commissioner to adjust the 
claims of our citizens against Spain. 
He was elected a Senator in Congress, 
from 1825 to 1835, and from 1836 to 
1840, serving on one occasion as Pre- 
sident pro tern, of the Senate. At the 
election for President of the United 
States, in 1836, he received all the votes 

i twenty-six) of Georgia and Tennessee. 
le resigned his seat in the Senate in 
1839, having received instructions to 
vote against his own judgment. Soon 
after reaching his home, in Knoxville, 
he died, April 10, 1840. 

Jfllite, fTames. — He was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, 
from 1792 to 1794. 

Wllite, fTohn. — He was born in 
1805; served from 1835 to 1845, as a 
Eepresentative in Congress, and was 
Speaker of the House during the Twen- 
ty-seventh Congress. He was Judge of 
the Nineteenth Judicial District at the 
time of his death, which occurred at 
Eichmond, Kentucky, by suicide, Sep* 
tember 22, 1845. His talents and at- 
tainments were of a high order. 

WJiite, Joseph L. — Was born in 
Cherry Valley, New York ; studied law 
in Utica, and settled in Indiana ; was a 
Eepresentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1841 to 1843. After leaving 
Congress, he settled in New York City, 
and practised his profession with suc- 
cess. He subsequently entered into an 
India-rubber speculation, and while on 
a business visit to Nicaragua, he was 
shot by a drunken man, from the effects 
of which he died in January, 1861. 

White, Joseph M. — He was born 
in Franklin County, Kentucky, and 
was a Delegate to Congress, from the 
Territory of Florida, from 1823 to 1837, 
and died at St. Louis, Missouri, Octo- 
ber 18, 1839, while on a visit to his bro- 
ther. He was an eminent lawyer, and 



396 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



noted for his eloquence and acquire- 
ments. 

White, Joseph W. — Was born in 
Cambridge, Guernsey County, Ohio, 
October 2, 1822 ; studied law, and came 
to the bar in 1844 ; in 1845 and 1847 he 
was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for 
his native county ; and was elected a 
Eepresentative, from Ohio, to the Thir- 
ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittees on Mileage, and Expenditures 
in the Treasury Department. 

White, Leonard. — Born in Haver- 
hill, Massachusetts, in 1767. He was a 
fellow-student of John Quincy Adams, 
under the tuition of the Eev. Mr. Shaw, 
of Haverhill, and at Harvard they were 
of the class of 1787. He was for many 
years Town Clerk and Treasurer, and 
represented his town in the Legislature, 
and his district in Congress, from 1811 
to 1813, and then he was appointed 
Cashier of the Merrimack Bank, which 
office he held until the infirmities of age 
obliged him to retire. He died in Ha- 
verhill, October 10, 1849. 

White, JPhineas. — He graduated 
at Dartmouth College in 1797, and was 
a Kepresentative in Congress, from Ver- 
mont, from 1821 to 1823. He was Ee- 
gister of Probate for Pomfret County, 
from 1800 to 1809 ; County Attorney in 
1813 ; served eight years in the two 
branches of the State Legislature ; and 
died in 1847, aged seventy-seven years. 
He was born in Hampshire County, 
Massachusetts. 

WJlite, Samuel. — Was a United 
States Senator, from Delaware, from 
1801 until his death, which occurred at 
Wilmington, Delaware, November 4, 
1809, aged thirty-nine years. 

IVJiitecomb, (Tames. — Was born 
in 1795. He removed with his father 
to Ohio, in 1806 ; had a country school 
education, and prepared himself for col- 
lege by teaching school, and graduated 
at Transylvania University with the 
highest honors. He studied law, and 
settled in practice in Bloomington, In- 
diana, in 1824. In 1826 he was ap- 
pointed Prosecuting Attorney, and in 
1880 was chosen a member of the State 
Senate, and served five years. He was 
appointed Commissioner of the General 
Land Office in 1836 ; and in 1841 return- 



ed to the practice of his profession at 
Terre Haute, Indiana. In 1843 he was 
chosen Governor of the State, and was 
re-elected in 1846. He was elected a 
Senator of the United States in 1849, 
which position he held until his death, 
which occurred in New York, October 
4, 1852. He was much interested in the 
American Bible Society, of which asso- 
ciation he was Vice-President. 

Whitehill, <Janies. — He was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1813 to 1814. He was 
also Judge of a County Court, and a 
General of militia. Died at Strasburg, 
Pennsylvania, March 5, 1822, at a very 
advanced age. 

Whitehill, John. — He was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1803 to 1807. 

Whitehill, JRobert. — He was a 

Kepresentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1805 to 1813, the year in 
which he died. 

Whiteley, William G. — Born in 

Newark, New Castle County, Delaware ; 
graduated at Nassau Hall, Princeton, 
in 1838. He is a lawyer by profession, 
and was elected a member of the Thir- 
ty-fifth Congress, serving as Chairman 
of the Committee on Agriculture. He 
was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, serving on the same Committee. 

Whiteside, Jenkins. — He was a 

Senator in Congress, from Tennessee, 
from 1809 to 1811, and died September 
24, 1822. 

Whiteside, John. — He was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from Penn- 
sylvania, from 1815 to 1819. 

Whitfield, J. W. — He was born in 

Tennessee, and was a Delegate, from 
the Territory of Kansas, to the Thirty- 
fourth Congress. 

Whitman, Ezekiel. — Born in East 
Bridgewater, Massachusetts, March 11, 
1776 ; graduated at Brown University 
in 1795 ; settled as a lawyer in the Dis- 
trict of Maine in 1798 ; he was Chief 
Justice of the Common Pleas, and also 
of the Supreme Court of Maine, pre- 
siding as such for twenty-five years ; 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



397 



and was a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from Massachusetts, from 1809 to 1811, 
and from 1817 to 1821 ; and was a Ke- 
presentative in Congress, from Maine, 
from 1821 to 1823. He was also a mem- 
ber of the Executive Council of Maine 
in 1815 and 1816, and a member of the 
Convention to form a Constitution in 
1819. He is still living in the enjoy- 
ment of a happ3^ old age. 

If lilt man, Lemnel.—^e was a 

graduate of Yale College in 1800 ; was 
a Representative in Congress, from Con- 
necticut, from 1823 to 1824 ; and died at 
Farmington, November 18, 1841. 

IVTiitney, Thomas H. — He was 

born in New York Citj^ in 1804 ; served 
two years in the Assembly of that State, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1855 to 1857. 
He devoted much of his life to literary 
pursuits, having been at one time editor 
of the New York Sunday News, and 
was the author of a poem called the 
"Ambuscade," and a political work en- 
titled "The American Policy Vindi- 
cated." He died April 12, 1858. 

Wliittemore, Ellas. — He was born 
in Rockingham County, New Hamp- 
shire, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from New York, from 1825 to 
1827. 

Wliittlesey , Elisha.—^Q was born 
in Washington, Connecticut, October 
19, 1783 ; he spent a part of his boyhood 
on a farm ; received an academical edu- 
cation ; studied law ; and in 1806 re- 
moved to the Western Reserve of Ohio, 
from which district he was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1823 to 1839. 
He served in the war of 1812 as aide-de- 
camp to General E. Wads worth ; was 
for sixteen years a Prosecuting Attor- 
ney ; and was elected to the State Le- 
gislature in 1820 and 1821. He was ap- 
pointed by President Harrison Auditor 
for the Post-office Department, and, by 
President Taylor, was appointed First 
Comptroller of the Treasury, which 
office he continued to hold until the ac- 
cession of President Buchanan. He was 
reappointed to the same position by 
President Lincoln in 1861. 

Wliittlesey, Frederick. — He was 

born in Washington, Connecticut, in 
June, 1799; graduated at Yale College 



in 1818; studied law, and was admitted 
to the bar at Utica, New York, in 1821 ; 
settled in Rochester in 1822 ; was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1831 to 
1835; in 1839 he was chosen Vice-Chan- 
cellor of the Eighth Judicial District of 
New York, and retained the office eight 
years ; he was also a Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of the State ; and in 1850 
he was elected Professor of Law in Ge- 
nesee College. He died in Rochester, 
New York, September 19, 1851. 

Whittlesey, Thomas T. — He was 

born in Connecticut ; graduated at Yale 
College in 1817 ; and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from his native State, 
from 1836 to 1839. 

Uliittlesey, W. A. — He was born 
in Connecticut ; graduated at Yale Col- 
lege ; studied law, and settled in prac- 
tice in Ohio ; and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1849 
to 185L 

Wich, William W. — Born in Ca- 

nonsburg, Washington County, Penn- 
sylvania, February 23, 1796. He re- 
ceived a classical education, and was 
pursuing a collegiate course when the 
death of his father threw him upon his 
own resources ; he then followed the 
occupation of a teacher, and devoted his 
leisure hours to the study of medicine 
until 1818, when he was induced to 
adopt the law as his profession, and pro- 
secuted his studies with the Hon. Tho- 
mas Corwin, and located, for practice, 
in Fayette County, Indiana, in 1820. 
He was that year Assistant Clerk of the 
House of Representatives, and in 1821 
Assistant Secretary of the State Senate. 
In 1822 he was chosen President Judge 
of the Fifth Judicial Circuit, and in 
1825 became Secretary of State ; in 1829 
he was Attorney for the State in the 
same circuit, from which office he re- 
tired in 1831, and was again President 
Judge for three years ; in 1839 he was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
and again in 1845 and 1847 ; in 1850 he 
was again chosen President Judge, and 
from 1853 to 1857 Postmaster at In- 
dianapolis. He has served in the militia 
of the State as Brigadier-General, Quar- 
termaster, and Adjutant-General. In 
1857 he resumed the practice of the legal 
profession. 

Wickes, Eliphalet. — He was a Re- 



398 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1805 to 1807. 

Wickliffe, Charles A. — He was 

born in Bardstown, Kentucky, June 8, 
1788 ; was educated at the Bardstown 
grammar school ; studied law, and at- 
tained a high position at the bar. In 
1812 he was appointed aide-de-camp to 
General Winlock, and during the same 
year was elected to the State Legisla- 
ture, and re-elected in 1813. He was at 
the battle of the Thames as aid to Ge- 
neral Caldwell, after which he was again 
elected to the Legislature, where he con- 
tinued until elected to Congress, from 
Kentucky, in 1823, and to which he was 
four times re-elected. He was for several 
sessions Chairman of the Committee on 
Public Lands. On his retirement from 
Congress, in 1833, he was again elected 
to the Legislature, and was Speaker in 
1834; in 1836 he was elected Lieute- 
nant-Governor of Kentucky ; on the 
death of Governor Clark, in 1839, he 
became Acting Governor, and in 1841 
was appointed Postmaster-General by 
President Tyler. In 1845 he was sent 
by President Polk on a secret mission to 
Texas, to look after annexation ; in 1849 
he was a member of the Convention 
called to revise the State Constitution ; 
and in 1861 he once again became a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, having previously occupied a 
seat in the Peace Convention of Febru- 
ary in that year, and served to the close 
of the Thirty-seventh Congress. He 
was also a Delegate to the Chicago Con- 
vention of 1864. 

Wldgery, William. — He was a 

Lieutenant of a privateer in the Eevo- 
lutionary war ; served in the Massachu- 
setts Legislature in 1789, 1791, 1793, 
1794, and 1797 ; a State Councillor in 
1806 and 1807 ; Judge of the Court of 
Common Pleas from 1813 to 1822; and 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1813. He 
was born in Philadelphia in 1753, and 
died in Boston, August 7, 1822. 

Wigfall, Letvis T. — He was a Se- 
nator in Congress, from Texas, from 
1859 until that State seceded, when he 
became identified with the Great Rebel- 
lion as a Brigadier-General. Refused 
all appeals for information. Was ex- 
pelled from the Senate in July, 1861. 



Wilbur, Isaac. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Rhode Isl- 
and, from 1807 to 1809. 

Wilcooo, Jeduthun. — Born in New 
Hampshire, in 1769, and died at Orford, 
in the same State, in July, 1838. He 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
1813 to 1817. 

Wilcox, tfohn A. — He was born in 
North Carolina, and on removing to 
Mississippi, was elected a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1851 to 1853. 

Wilcosc, Leonard. — He was a na- 
tive of New Hampshire ; graduated at 
Dartmouth College in 1817; was a mem- 
ber of the State Legislature ; was a 
Judge of the Superior Court ; and was 
a Senator in Congress, from New Hamp- 
shire, during the years 1842 and 1843. 
He died in 1850, aged fifty years. 

Wilde, JRlchard Henry. — He 

was born in the city of Dublin, Sep- 
tember 24, 1789. His childhood was 
passed in Baltimore. His father having 
died, he obtained the rudiments of learn- 
ing from his mother and a private tutor, 
and in his eleventh year was placed as 
a clerk in a store ; in 1802 he went with 
his mother to Augusta, Georgia, and 
the twain obtained a living by mer- 
chandizing, in a small way, the boy 
devoting all his leisure to books. Under 
many difficulties he studied law, and 
practised with success ; also devoted 
himself to polite literature ; as an ad- 
vocate he rose to eminence ; was made 
Attorney-General of Georgia ; and, in 
1815, was elefcted a Representative in 
Congress, from that State ; was re-elected 
in 1823, and again in 1827, serving with 
marked ability until 1835. After leav- 
ing Congress he visited Europe, and on 
his return devoted himself to literature, 
politics, and law. In 1843 he removed 
to New Orleans, where he added to his 
reputation as a lawyer, and was elected 
Professor of Constitutional Law in the 
University of Louisiana. He died in 
New Orleans, September 10, 1847, leav- 
ing a reputation composed of the ele- 
ments of the statesman, the orator, and 
the poet. One of his lyrics, entitled 
"My Life is Like a Summer Rose," 
attracted the praise of Lord Byron. 
His literary productions were quite nu- 
merous, and they all bear the impress 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



399 



of a gifted and highly educated mind. 
His principal work was a " Life of 
Tasso," which evinced his familiarity 
with Italian literature, and gave him a 
rank among the best scholars. 

Wilder, A. Carter. — He was born 
in Mendon, Worcester County, Massa- 
chusetts, March 18, 1828; in 1850 re- 
moved to Rochester, New York, and in 
1857 to Kansas, where he was engaged 
in mercantile pursuits ; was a Delegate 
to the Chicago Convention in 1860, and 
in 1862 he was elected a Representative, 
from Kansas, to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving oiT the Committee on In- 
dian Affairs. He was also a Delegate 
to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. 

IVildinan, Zahuon. — He was 

from Danbury, Connecticut, and was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
from that State, from 1835 to 1836. He 
died at Washington, District of Colum- 
bia, December 10, 1835, before the ex- 
piration of his term. 

Wildriclc, Isaac. — He was born in 
New Jersey, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1849 
to 1853. 

Wiley, Jaines S. — He was born in 
Maine ; graduated at Waterville Col- 
lege in 1836 ; studied law, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Maine, 
from 1847 to 1849. 

Wilkin, tTanies 7^.— Born in 1762 ; 
was a member of the Legislature of 
New York in 1800, and held many 
other places in the gift of his fellow- 
citizens, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from 1815 to 1819. He died 
at Goshen, New York, February 23, 
1845. 

Wilkin, Samuel J. — He was born 
in New York ; graduated at Princeton 
College in 1812, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New York, from 
1831 to 1833; having been in the State 
Assembly, from Orange County, in 1824 
and 1825. 

Wilkins, William. — He was a Se- 
nator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 
from 1831 to 1834 ; a Representative in 
Congress, from 1843 to 1844 ; Secretary 
of War, from 1844 to 1845, under Pre- 
sident Tyler; and was ajapointed Ame- 



rican Minister Plenipotentiary to Rus- 
sia in 1834. 

Wilkinson, 3Iorton S. — Was 

born in Skaneateles, Onondaga County, 
New York, January 22, 1819 ; received 
an academical education, working occa- 
sionally upon his father's farm; in 1837 
he removed to Illinois, and was em- 
ployed for two years upon the railroad 
works then commenced in that State ; 
returned to his native town, studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar, after 
which he removed to the West again, 
and settled at Eaton Rapids, in Michi- 
gan ; in 1847 he settled in Minnesota, 
and in 1849, when that Territory was 
organized, he was elected to the Legis- 
lature, and the laws adopted by the 
Territory as its code were of his draft- 
ing ; and in 1859 he was chosen a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Minnesota, for 
the term ending in 1865, serving as 
Chairman of the Committee on Revo- 
lutionary Claims, and as a member of 
the Committee on Indian Affairs. He 
was also a Delegate to the Baltimore 
Convention of 1864. 

Willey, Calvin. — Born at East 
Haddam, Connecticut, September 15, 
1776 ; he read law and was admitted to 
the bar in 1798 ; he served in the State 
Legislature and Senate a number of 
years, and was Postmaster at Stafford 
Springs eight years ; Judge of Probate 
for seven years ; in 1824 he was a Pre- 
sidential Elector ; and a Senator in Con- 
gress, from 1825 to 1831. He died at 
Stafford, Connecticut, August 23, 1858. 

Willey, Waitnian T. — Was born 
on Buffalo Creek, Monongalia County, 
Virginia, October 18, 1811 ; received a 
common school education, and gradu- 
ated at Madison College in 1831 ; studied 
law and came to the bar in 1833 ; in 
1841 he was elected Clerk of the Monon- 
galia County Court ; subsequently Clerk 
of the Circuit Court, holding the two 
fourteen years ; in 1850 he was elected 
to the Convention to reform the Con- 
stitution of Virginia ; in 1853 he de- 
livered a series of lectures on Method- 
ism, took part in various local societies, 
lectured on various topics, and wrote 
for the reviews ; in 1858 he was a Dele- 
gate to the National Convention of that 
year ; in the winter of 1860-61 he was 
a Delegate to the Richmond Conven- 
tion ; and in 1861 he was elected by the 



400 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



reorganized Legislature of Virginia a 
Senator in Congress, and at the close of 
that year was a Delegate to the Wheel- 
ing Constitutional Convention ; and in 
1863 he was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress from West Virginia, serving on 
the Committees on Naval Affairs, and 
on the District of Columbia. In 1863 
the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon 
him by Alleghany College of Pennsyl- 
vania. 

William, Benjamin. — He was a 

native of North Carolina, a patriot of' 
the Ke volution, and a member of Con- 
gress, from 1793 to 1795. He also served 
many years in the State Legislature, 
and was twice elected Grovernor of North 
Carolina, in 1799 and 1807. He died in 
Moore County, of that State. 

Williams, ChristojiJier H. — He 

was born in Tennessee, and a Kepresen- 
tative in Congress, from thatState, from 
1837 to 1843, and again from 1849 to 
1853. 

Williams, David It. — He was a 

Eepresentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1805 to 1809, and again 
from 1811 to 1813, in which year he was 
appointed, by President Madison, Bri- 
gadier-General. He was also Governor 
of South Carolina from 1814 to 1816. 

Williams, Henry. — He was born 
in Taunton, Massachusetts, in Novem- 
ber, 1804 ; adopted the profession of 
law ; and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from that State, from 1839 to 
1841, and from 1848 to 1845. He was 
also a Senator for two years, and a Ee- 
presentative in the State Legislature for 
three years. 

Williams, Hezekiah. — He was 

born in Vermont ; graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in 1820 ; studied law ; 
was Eegister of Probate from 1824 to 
1838; a State Senator from 1839 to 
1841 ; and was a Eepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Maine, from 1845 to 1849. 
He died October 24, 1856, aged fifty- 
eight years. 

Williams, Isaac. — He was a na- 
tive of New York ; and was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1814 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819, and 
again from 1823 to 1825. 



Williams, James W. — While on 
his way to Washington, December 2, 
1843, he was stricken with paralysis, 
while in his carriage, and survived the 
attack but a short time. His age was 
about fifty -five years. He was a native 
of Maryland, and was for many years 
a prominent member of the Legislature 
of that State, being for a time Speaker 
of the House of Delegates. In May, 
1841, he was elected to Congress, and 
continued a member of that body until 
the time of his death. As a faithful 
public servant, a sagacious statesman, 
and an upright man, he commanded 
the confidence of his neighbors, and the 
esteem and respect of all who knew 
him. 

Williams, Jared. — He was born 
in Montgomery County, Marjdand, 
March 4, 1766, and died in Frederick 
County, Virginia, January 2, 1831. In 
1811 he was elected to the House of 
Delegates of Virginia, and served a 
number of years ; and he was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1819 to 1825. In 1829 he was a 
Presidential Elector, voting for Gene- 
ral Jackson, and was appointed, by the 
Electoral College, to transmit the vote 
to Washington. When not in public 
life, he was devoted to the pursuits of 
agriculture. 

Williams, Jared W. — He was 

born in New Hampshire ; graduated at 
Brown University in 1818; settled as a 
lawyer in Lancaster ; and was a Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1837 to 1841 ; and a Senator in 
Congress, from 1853 to 1854. He was 
Governor of New Hampshire from 1847 
to 1849 ; served several terms in the 
State Legislature ; and died in Lancas- 
ter, New Hampshire, September 29, 
1864. 

Williams, Jolm. — He was a mem- 
ber of the New York Senate, from 1777 
to 1779, and from 1783 to 1795, from 
Washington County ; of the Assembly, 
from 1781 to 1782; and a Eepresenta- 
tive in Congress, from New York, from 
1795 to 1799. 

Williams, John. — He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Tennessee, from 
1815 to 1823, and was highly respected 
for his talents and character. He died 
at Knoxville, August 7, 1837. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



401 



Wiflianis, John. — He was born in 
New York, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1855 
to 1857. 

WiUiams, Joseph L. — He was 

born in Tennessee, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, from 
1837 to 1843. 

Willianis, Lemuel. — He gradu- 
ated at Harvard University in 1765, 
and was a Representative in Congress, 
from Massachusetts, from 1799 to"l805. 
He died in 1827. 

Willinins, Leivis. — Born in Sur- 
ry County, North Carolina ; gradua- 
ted at the University of North Caro- 
lina, in 1808 ; entered the House of 
Commons, of his native State, in 1813 ; 
was re-elected in 1814 ; and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from 1815 to 
1842, where, for hismany good qualities 
and his long service, he was known as 
the "Father of the House." He died 
in Washington, while representing his 
State in Congress, February 23, 1842, 
aged nearlj' sixty years. He was for 
fifteen years Chairman of the Committee 
on Claims. 

WiUlftnis, MarmaduJxe. — Born 
April 6, 1772, in Caswell County, North 
Carolina ; he was a lawyer by profes- 
sion, and served as a Representative in 
Congress, from his native State, from 
1803 to 1809. In 1810 he removed, 
with his family, to Madison County, 
Atebama, and thence to Tuscaloosa, in 
1818. He was repeatedly elected to the 
Legislature, and was a Delegate, from 
Tuscaloosa County, to the Convention 
which formed the State Constitution. 
Was a candidate for Governor, but de- 
feated by William W. Bibb. In 1826 
was appointed a Commissioner to adjust 
the unsettled accounts between Alabama 
and Mississippi, growing out of their 
territorial relationship. In 1832 was 
elected Judge of the County Court, 
which office he held until April, 1842, 
when he resigned, having attained the 
age of seventy, which the Constitution 
declares a disqualification for the bench. 
He died in Tuscaloosa, October 29, 1850. 

Williains, Nathan. — He was born 
in New York ; served in the State As- 
sembly, from Onondaga, in 1816, 1817, 
and 1818 ; and was a Representative in 



Congress, from New York, from 1805 
to 1807. 

Williatns, Jteuel. — Born in Hal- 

lowell (now Augusta), Maine, June 2, 
1783; had an academic education, and 
was a lawyer by profession. He was a 
Representative and Senator in the Le- 
gislature of Maine for twelve years, and 
a Senator in Congress, from 1837 to 1843. 
He received from Bowdoin College the 
degree of LL.D., and was a Trustee of 
that institution. He was also a Presi- 
dential Elector in 1886. Died at Au- 
gusta in 1862. 

Willianis, Rohert. — He was born 

in Caswell County, North Carolina, and 
bred to the law. He was the brother of 
Marmaduke Williams, and distinguish- 
ed for his attainments ; was an Adjutant- 
General of North Carolina; and a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1797 to 1803, and was appointed 
Commissioner of Land Titles in Missis- 
sippi Territory in 1803. He was also 
Governor of the Territory of Mississippi, 
from 1805 to 1809. He emigrated to 
Tennessee toward the close of his life, 
and died in Louisiana. 

Williams, Sherrod. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1835 
to 1841. 

Williams, TJiomas. — Was born 
in Greensburg, Westmoreland Countj^, 
Pennsylvania, August 28, 1806 ; gradu- 
ated at Dickinson College in 1825; stu- 
died law, and came to the bar in 1828 ; 
settled in Pittsburg, from which place 
he was sent, as Senator, to the State Le- 
gislature in 1888 and the three following 
years ; in 1860 he was re-elected to the 
lower House of the Legislature ; and in 
1862 he was elected a Representative, 
froTn Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth 
Congress, serving on the Committee on 
the Judiciary. 

Williams, Tliomas Hill. — Was 

a native of North Carolina, and read 
law, but relinquished the profession for 
a clerkship in the War Department at 
Washington. In 1805 he was appointed, 
by President Jetferson, Register of the 
Land Office, and Commissioner for de- 
ciding Land Claims in the Territory of 
Mississippi ; he subsequently held the 
office for a few years of Collector at 



402 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



New Orleans ; and was a Senator in 
Congress, from Mississippi, from 1817 
to 1831. Late in life he removed to 
Tennessee, and there died. 

WilUatns, TJionias H. — He emi- 
grated to the northern part of Mississip- 
pi soon after the cession of Indian ter- 
ritory in that quarter, and held the office 
of a Senator in Congress, from Missis- 
sippi, during the years 1838 and 1839, 
by executive appointment. 

Williams, Thomas Scott. — Born 
at Wethersfield, Connecticut, June 26, 
1777; graduated at Yale College in 
1794 ; studied law at Litchfield ; was 
admitted to the bar in Windham Coun- 
ty, in 1799, and commenced practice at 
Mansfield, whence he removed to Hart- 
ford in 1803. In 1809 he was appointed 
Attorney of the Board of Managers of 
the School Fund. He represented the 
town of Hartford in the General Assem- 
bly for seven terms, from 1813 to 1829 ; 
and was elected a Kepresentative in Con- 
gress, from Connecticut, from 1817 to 
1819. In 1829 he was appointed an 
Associate Judge of the Supreme Court 
of Errors, and in 1834 was appointed 
Chief Justice ; and in the same year he 
received the degree of LL.D. from Yale 
College. He was Mayor of the city of 
Hartford, from 1831 to 1835. In 1847 
he resigned his position as Chief Justice, 
his term having expired by constitu- 
tional limitation. He was for twenty 
years President of the American Asy- 
lum for the Deaf and Dumb, and Vice- 
President for a long time of the Insane 
Eetreat at Hartford, and of the Board 
of Foreign Missions, and subsequently 
President of the American Tract Socie- 
ty. He lived in retirement at Hartford, 
until December 15, 1861, when he died, 
leaving a much-loved name for his be- 
nevolence. 

Williams, Thomas W. — Born in 

Stonington, Connecticut, September 28, 
1790 ; was educated at Plainfield and 
Stonington Academies ; received a com- 
mercial education in New York City, 
and has been engaged in mercantile busi- 
ness at New London, Connecticut, since 
1809. He was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1839 to 1843 ; a member of 
the Legislature in 1846 ; and chosen Pre- 
sidential Elector in 1848. 

Williamson, Hugh. — Born in 



Pennsylvania, December 5, 1735, and 
died suddenly. May 22, 1819. He gra- 
duated at the University of Pennsylva- 
niainl757; studied divinity, and preach- 
ed two years ; in 1760 was appointed 
Professor of Mathematics in the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania; resigned in 
1764, and went to Edinburgh to study 
medicine; on his return, in 1772, settled 
in practice in his profession in Philadel- 
phia ; he again visited Europe, and had 
much to do with matters connected with 
the Revolution ; he subsequently en- 
gaged in commercial pursuits, and an 
accident took him to Edenton, North 
Carolina. With that State he was long 
and honorably identified. He served a 
number of years in the House of Com- 
mons ; also for three years in the Conti- 
nental Congress ; was a Delegate to the 
Convention which formed the Constitu- 
tion of the United States ; and was a 
Representative in Congress, from 1790 
to 1793. In 1811 he published a work 
on the Climate of America ; in 1812 a 
History of North Carolina ; and he was 
associated with De Witt Clinton, in 
1814, in forming the Literary and Philo- 
sophical Society of New York. He en- 
joyed the respect of all who knew him, 
and died universally lamented. 

Williamson, William D. — Born 

in Canterbury, Connecticut, July 31, 
1779 ; graduated at Brown University 
in 1804 ; studied and adopted the law as 
a profession, commencing practice, in 
1807, at Bangor ; he was for seven years 
in the Senate of Massachusetts, before 
the separation of Maine ; also a Senator 
in the Maine Legislature in 1821 ; part 
of that year Acting Governor of Maine 
a member of Congress from 1821 to 1823 
Judge of Probate from 1827 to 1840 
and a Bank Commissioner from 1838 to 
1841. He was the author, also, of a His- 
tory of Maine. Died at Bangor, May 
27, 1846. 

Willis, Francis. — He was born in 
Frederick County, Virginia, January 5, 
1825 ; received a good education ; and, 
removing to Georgia in 1784, he was a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1791 to 1793. In 1811 he 
took up his residence in Tennessee, and 
led the life of a retired gentleman. He 
died in Maury County, Tennessee, Ja- 
nuary 25, 1829. 

Willoughby, Westel. — He was a 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



403 



Representative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1816 to 1817. 

Wilviot, David. — Born at Betha- 
ny, Wayne County, Pennsylvania, Ja- 
nuary 20, 1814. He was educated at 
Bethany Academy, and at Aurora, Ca- 
yuga County, New York; read law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1834; he was 
a member of Congress, from 1845 to 
1851; and subsequently President Judge 
of the Thirteenth Judicial District of 
Pennsylvania, which position he re- 
signed, but to which he was re-elected. 
He was the author of a slavery proviso 
which caused some excitement in Con- 
gress when he was a member. In 1860 
he was elected a Senator in Congress, 
serving on the Committees on Foreign 
Aifairs, on Claims, and on Pensions. He 
Avas also a Delegate to the Peace Con- 
gress of 1861. In 18G3 he was appointed, 
by President Lincoln, a Judge of the 
Court of Claims. 

Wilson, Alexander. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Vir- 
ginia, from 1804 to 1809. 

Wilson, Edgar C. — He was a na- 
tive of Virginia, and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1833 to 1835. Died at Morgan- 
town, Virginia, in May, 1860. 

Wilson, E. K. — He graduated at 
Princeton College in 1789, and was a 
Representative in Congress, from Mary- 
land, from 1827 to 1831. 

Wilson, Henry. — He was born in 
Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
that State, from 1823 to 1826. Died in 
AUentown, Pennsylvania, August 14, 
1826. 

Wilson, Henri/. — Born February 
16, 1812, in Farmington, New Hamj)- 
shire ; was brought up on a farm, and 
when twenty-one, went to Natick, Mas- 
sachusetts, where he learned to make 
shoes. In 1840 he was elected to the 
Massachusetts House of Representatives, 
in which he served four years, and then 
served four years in the State Senate, of 
which he was President two sessions. 
He was the candidate of the Free-soil 
pai'ty, for Congress, in 1852, and was 
beaten by only 92 votes, although his 
party was in a minority of more than 



7000. In 18.53 he was a member of 
the State Constitutional Convention, 
and he has taken an active part in many 
of the political conventions held since 
he entered public life. After having 
been defeated as the Free-soil candidate 
for Governor in 1853 and 18-54, he was 
elected in 1855 to the United States Se- 
nate, to succeed Edward Everett, and 
was re-elected in 1859. From 1842 to 
1851 he was actively connected with the 
militia of Massachusetts, as Major, Co- 
lonel, and Brigadier-General. In 1861 
he raised the Twenty-second regiment 
of Massachusetts volunteers, of which 
he was made Colonel, and after joining 
the Army of the Potomac, he was 
made a member of General McClellan's 
statf, on which he served until after 
the meeting of Congress. Since the 
commencement of the war he has been 
Chairman of the Senate Committee 
on Military Affairs, which has had to 
pass upon thousands of military appoint- 
ments, and to devise important mea- 
sures of legislation. In 1856 he was 
challenged by Mr. Brooks, of South 
Carolina, for pronouncing his assault 
upon Mr. Sumner, " murderous, brutal, 
and cowardly," but he replied, that 
while he religiously believed in the right 
of self-defence, he must decline to ac- 
cept the challenge, believing duelling 
to be not only a violation of the laws of 
the land, but the relic of a barbarous 
age. 

Wilson, Isaac. — During the war of 
1812 he commanded a company of ca- 
valry, and was in some of the severest 
actions on the Northern frontier. He 
was subsequently elected a member of 
the Assembly of New York, and also of 
the Senate. He was elected a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, in 1823, and at 
the end of his term, his seat having been 
successfully contested by P. Adams, was 
appointed first Judge of Genesee Coun- 
ty, and held it until his removal to Ba- 
tavia, Illinois, where he died October 
25, 1848. 

Wilson, James. — Born in 1757; 
graduated at Harvard University in 
1789; was a lawyer by profession; and 
a Representative in Congress, from New 
Hampshire, from 1809 to 1811. He died 
at Keene, New Hampshire, January 4, 
1839. 

Wilson, tTaines.—ile was born 



404 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



in York County, now Adams County, 
Pennsylvania, April 28, 1779 ; received 
a good English education ; in his four- 
teenth year he was bound to learn the 
trade of cabinet-maker, in Maryland ; 
from 1811 to 1822 he was a Justice of 
the Peace ; and was a Representative, 
from Pennsylvania, to the Eighteenth, 
Nineteenth, and Twentieth Congresses, 
serving chiefly on the Committee on 
Claims. Soon after returning to pri- 
vate life, he was again elected a Justice 
of the Peace, the duties of which ofl&ce 
he continued to fill until 1859. It is 
said of him, that he never solicited a 
vote for office, nor attended a political 
meeting to promote his own advance- 
ment. 

Wilson, James. — He was born in 
New Hampshire ; was Speaker of the 
State House of Representatives in 1828 ; 
and in the Legislature a number of 
years ; practised law at Keene ; was a 
General of militia ; and a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from New Hampshire, 
from 1847 to 1849. He subsequently 
settled in California. 

Wilson, Jaines. — He was born in 

Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, 
Indiana, April 9, 1822 ; graduated at 
Wabash College in 1842 ; was admitted 
to the bar in 1845 ; went to Mexico in 
1846 as a private in the Indiana Regi- 
ment, and before his return home was 
promoted to the office of Quartermas- 
ter ; and was elected a Representative, 
from Indiana, to the Thirty -fifth Con- 
gress, and was a member of the Com- 
mittee on Elections. He was also re- 
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, 
serving on the Committee on Naval Af- 
fairs. 

Wilson, James jP.— Was born in 
Newark, Ohio, October 19, 1828; re- 
sided there until 1853, when he removed 
to Iowa ; in 1856 was elected a member 
of the Convention to revise the State 
Constitution ; in 1857 he was appointed, 
by the Governor of the State, Assistant 
Commissioner of the Des Moines River 
Improvement ; in 1857 he was elected 
to the State Legislature ; in 1859 he was 
elected to the State Senate, and in 1861 
was President of the Senate ; during 
that year he was elected a Representa- 
tive, from Iowa, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, for the unexpired term of S. 
R. Curtis ; and re-elected to the Thirty- 



eighth Congress, serving as Chairman 
of the Committee on the Judiciary. 

Wilson, James tT.— Born in Es- 
sex County, New Jersey ; for many 
years editor of the True American, at 
Trenton ; and he was a Senator in Con- 
gress, from New Jersey, from 1815 to 
1821, when he resigned and was ap- 
pointed Postmaster at Trenton, New 
Jersey. He was also, for many years, 
Clerk of the State Assembly, and died 
July 28, 1824. He was also at one time 
Adjutant-General of the State, and al- 
ways a man of influence. 

Wilson, John. — He was born in 
1777 ; graduated at Harvard University 
in 1799 ; studied law, and attained a 
high position in his profession ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1815, and 
from 1817 to 1819. He died at Belfast, 
Maine, July 9, 1848. 

Wilson, John. — He was born in 
York District, South Carolina, and a 
Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1821 to 1827. 

Wilson, Nathan. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1808 to 1809. 

Wilson, R. — He was elected a Se- 
nator in Congress, from Missouri, taking 
his seat in 1861, and serving on the Com- 
mittee on the Pacific Railroad. 

Wilson, Thomas. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Virginia, 
from 1811 to 1813. Died January 24, 
1826. 

Wilson, Thomas. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1813 to 1817. Died at Erie, 
October 4, 1824, aged fifty-three years. 

Wilson, William. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1814 to 1819. 

Wilson, William. — He was born 
in Hillsborough County, New Hamp- 
shire, and was a Representative in Con- 
gress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1827. 

Windom, William. — Bornin Bel- 
mont County, Ohio, May 10, 1827 ; re- 
ceived an academic education ; studied 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



405 



law, and Was admitted to the bar in 
1850 ; was elected Prosecuting Attor- 
ney for Knox County in 1852 ; removed 
to Minnesota in 1853, and was elected 
a Kepresentative, from that State, to 
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 
member of the Committee on Public 
Lands ; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, serving on the Committee 
on Public Expenditures ; and also to 
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as 
Chairman of the Committee on Indian 
Aftairs. 

Winfield, Charles H. — He was 

born in Crawford, Orange County, New 
York, April 22, 1822 ; studied law and 
came to the bar in 1840 ; he was for six 
years District Attorney for Orange 
County, from 1850 to 1856 ; and in 1862 
he was elected a Kepresentative, from 
New York, to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on 
Private Land Claims. 

Wing, Austin E. — He was born in 
Hampshire County, Massachusetts; was 
a Delegate to Congress, from the Ter- 
ritory of Michigan, in 1832 ; resided at 
Monroe, and was for many years a 
leading man in all its local affairs. He 
died at Cleveland, Ohio, August 25, 
1849. 

Wingate, Joseph F. — He was 

born in Massachusetts ; was a member 
of the Legislature of that State, in 1818 
and 1819 ; Collector of Customs at Bath, 
Maine, from 1820 to 1824 ; member of 
the Maine Legislature in 1825 and 1826 ; 
and was a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from Maine, from 1827 to 1831. 

Wingate, Paine. — He was born at 
Amesbury, Massachusetts, May 14, 
1739 ; graduated at Harvard University 
in 1759 ; ordained as a Congregational 
minister at Hampton Falls, New Hamp- 
shire, in 1763 ; and afterwards removed 
to Stratham, and engaged in agricul- 
tural pursuits. He was appointed a 
member of Congress under the Confede- 
ration in 1787 ; after the adoption of 
the Constitution, he was elected a mem- 
ber of the United States Senate, in 1789, 
and served till 1793, when he was elect- 
ed a Representative in Congress, in 
1793, serving until 1795. In 1798 he 
was appointed a Judge of the Superior 
Court of New Hampshire, and con- 
tinued in office till May, 1809, when he 



attained the age of seventy. He sur- 
vived all others who were members of 
the United States Senate at the time of 
his taking his seat in that body upon 
its first organization ; and he was for 
some years the oldest graduate of his 
college. He was a man of talents and 
extensive information ; highly esteemed 
and respected for his character, and his 
honorable and useful life. He died at 
Stratham, New Hampshire, March 7, 
1838. 

Winslow, Warren. — He was born 
in Fayetteville, North Carolina, Janu- 
ary 1, 1810 ; entered Chapel Hill Uni- 
versity, and graduated in 1827 ; having 
studied law, was soon afterwards admit- 
ted to the bar. In 1854 he was ap- 
pointed, by President Pierce, a confi- 
dential agent to Madrid, on business 
connected with the Black Warrior af- 
fair ; during his absence abroad he was 
nominated for the Senate of North Ca- 
rolina, was elected a member thereof, 
and placed in the chair of Speaker ; 
while in that position. Governor Keid 
was elected to the United States Senate, 
and the duties of Governor devolved 
upon and were performed by Mr. Wins- 
low. He was elected, in 1855, to the 
Thirty-fourth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Naval Affairs ; and was 
re-elected to the Thirty-fifth and Thir- 
tj'-sixth Congresses, serving as a mem- 
ber of the Committees on Naval Af- 
fairs, and on the Library. He was 
offered, by President Buchanan, the 
mission to Sardinia, but declined. He 
took part in the Rebellion of 1861, in 
some military capacity. 

Winston, tToseph. — Born in Vir- 
ginia, in 1746. In 1760 joined a com- 
pany of rangers, and marched to the 
frontier of the State ; in a battle on the 
Greenbrier, was twice wounded, and 
had a horse killed under him ; had a 
pension granted to him by the Legisla- 
ture, for his gallantry in battle ; in 1766 
removed to North Carolina; took an 
active part in the Revolution ; raised a 
regiment, and marched against the Che- 
rokee Indians ; was appointed a Major 
in 1776, and had various actions with 
the forces of the Tories ; commanded 
the right wing of the American troops 
in the battle of King's Mountain, and 
for his bravery had a sword voted to 
him by the Legislature ; was elected to 



406 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Congress in 1792, and again in 1803, 
and served till 1807. 

Winter, Elisha J. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1813 to 1815. 

Winthrop, Robert C— Born in 

Boston, Massachusetts, May 12, 1809 ; 
graduated at Harvard College in 1828, 
and studied law with Daniel Webster. 
He entered the Legislature of Massa- 
chusetts in 1835, and was Speaker of the 
House from 1838 to 1840 ; was a mem-' 
ber of the United States House of Re- 
presentatives, from 1840 to 1842, when 
he resigned on account of domestic cir- 
cumstances, but was re-elected the same 
year, and continued in that body until 
1850, having been Speaker during the 
Congress commencing in 1847. He was 
appointed to the Senate of the United 
States to fill the vacancy occasioned by 
the resignation of Mr. Webster, and 
served from 1850 to 1851. He was Pre- 
sident of the Electoral College of Mas- 
sachusetts which voted for General 
Scott ; and was President of the His- 
torical Society of Massachusetts, and 
other literary and charitable associa- 
tions ; also President of the Commis- 
sioners chosen by the City of Boston for 
building a Public Library. He de- 
livered the Inaugural of the Franklin 
Statue in 1856, and also that of the 
Washington Monument in 1848. 

Wise, Henry Jl.— Born December 
3, 1806, in Drummondtown, Accomac 
County, Virginia; graduated at Wash- 
ington College, Pennsylvania, at the 
age of nineteen ; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar at Winchester, Vir- 
ginia, in 1828 ; the same year removed 
to Nashville, Tennessee, and practised 
his profession for two years, when, from 
local attachment, he returned to Acco- 
mac, and became a Representative in 
Congress, serving from 1833 to 1843, 
when he resigned his seat for the mis- 
sion to Brazil, which post he occupied 
until the fall of 1847. In 1848 he was 
one of the Presidential Electors of Vir- 
ginia. In 1850 he was a member of the 
Reform Convention of Virginia, which 
adopted the present Constitution of the 
State. In 1852 he was again Presiden- 
tial Elector ; and in 1855 was elected 
Grovernor of Virginia, which office he 
held until 1860. Served in the Great 
Rebellion as a Brigadier-General. 



Witherell, tTanies. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Vermont, 
during the years 1807 and 1808, and 
was in the latter year appointed Fede- 
ral Judge in Michigan Territory. From 
1798 to 1803 he was a member of the 
State Legislature ; two years a County 
Judge ; and a State Councillor from 
1802 to 1807. 

Witherspoon, Robert. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1809 to 1811. 

Witte, William H. — He was born 
in New Jersey, and having settled in 
Pennsylvania, was elected a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1853 to 1855. 

Wolf, George. — He was born in 
Allen Township, Northampton County, 
Pennsylvania, August 12, 1777. After 
pursuing a course of classical education 
in his own county, he studied law, be- 
came eminent, and engaged in a lucra- 
tive practice. In 1814 he was elected a 
member of the Legislature of his native 
State ; and he was a Representative in 
Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1824 
to 1829 ; Governor of that State from 
1829 to 1835 ; in 1836 was appointed 
First Comptroller of the United States 
Treasury ; and subsequently Collector 
of Customs for Philadelphia, in which 
city he died of an affection of the heart, 
March 14, 1840. 

Wood, Abiel. — He was a distin- 
guished merchant of Wiscasset, Massa- 
chusetts, and a member of Congress, 
from that State, from 1813 to 1815. 
From 1807 to 1811, and in 1816, he was 
a member of the State Legislature ; a 
State Councillor in 1820 and 1821 ; and 
a member of the Constitutional Con- 
vention of 1819. He died at Belfast, 
Maine, November, 1834, aged sixty-two 
years. 

Wood, Amos E. — Born in Jeffer- 
son County, New York, in 1800 ; he re- 
moved with his father in 1812 to Por- 
tage County, Ohio. In 1833 he settled 
permanently in Woodville, Sandusky 
County ; he twice represented his dis- 
trict in the lower branch of the Legis- 
lature, and once for a term of two years 
in the State Senate ; and was elected a 
Representative in Congress, from Ohio, 
from 1850 to 1852. He died in Fort 
Wayne, Indiana, November 19, 1850. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



407 



Wood, Benjamin. — He was born 
in Shelbyville, Kentucky, October 13, 
1820 ; received a good English educa- 
tion ; has acquired some reputation as a 
novelist ; and was elected a Representa- 
tive, from New York, to the Thirty- 
seventh Congress, and re-elected to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress. He has served 
on the Committees on Mileage, and on 
Invalid Pensions. 

Wood, Bradford R* — He was 

born in Connecticut, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1845 to 1847. 

Wood, Fernando. — Born in Phi- 
ladelphia in 1812 ; and from the humble 
employment of a segar maker, he rose 
to the position of clerk in a counting- 
house, and was for many years a ship- 
owner and successful merchant in New 
York. He was a Representative in 
Congress, from New York, from 1841 
to 1843 ; and in 1854 was elected Mayor 
of the city of New York, and re-elected 
to that office. In 1862 he was elected 
for a second time a Representative, from 
New York, to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the Committee on Pub- 
lic Lands. 

Wood, John. — Born in Philadel- 
phia in 1816 ; was educated for the 
counting-room, in which he had an ex- 
perience of twenty-iive years, devoting 
himself chiefly to the manufacture of 
iron ; and never held any public posi- 
tion but that of Representative to the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, to which he was elected contrary 
to his wishes, serving on the Committee 
on Public Expenditures. 

Wood, John J. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1827 to 1829. 

Wood. Jolin M. — He was born in 
MinnisinK, Orange County, New York, 
November 17, 1813; received a good 
common school education ; was a mem- 
ber of the Legislature of Maine ; and 
has for years been occupied as a con- 
structor of railroads and other public 
works. He was elected in 1854 a Repre- 
sentative, from Maine, in the Thirty- 
fourth Congress ; was re-elected to the 
Thirty-fifth Congress ; and was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Post-offices 
and Post-roads. 



Wood, Silas. — He was born in Suf- 
folk County, New York ; graduated at 
Princeton College in 1789 ; was the au- 
thor of a History of Long Island ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
New York, from 1819 to 1829. He died 
at Huntington, Sutlblk County, Long 
Island, March 2, 1847, aged seventy- 
eight years. 

Woodbridf/e, F. E. — He was born 

in Vergennes, Vermont, August 29, 
1818; graduated at the University of 
Vermont in 1840 ; studied law, and 
came to the bar in 1842; served three 
years in the State Legislature, two j'ears 
in the State Senate, three years as State 
Auditor ; and in 1863 he Avas elected a 
Representative, from Vermont, to the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the 
Committee on the Judiciary. 

Woodhridge, William. — Born in 
Norwich, Connecticut, August 20, 1780; 
and his father becoming one of the ear- 
liest emigrants to the Northwest Ter- 
ritory, he removed to Marietta in 1791. 
He received his earliest education in 
Connecticut ; studied law at Litchfield, 
Connecticut, and was admitted to the 
bar, in Ohio, in 1806. In 1807 he was 
elected to the Assembly of Ohio ; in 
1808 was Prosecuting Attorney for his 
county, which office he held until 1814, 
and during the same period he was also 
a member of the State Senate. In 1814 
he received, from President Madison, 
unexpectedly, the appointment of Sec- 
retary of the Territory of Michigan, 
and removed to Detroit; and in 1819 
he was elected the first Delegate, from 
Michigan, to Congress, where he was 
very active in promoting the interests 
of his constituents. In 1828 he was ap- 
pointed Judge of the Supreme Court of 
Michigan Territory, and held the office 
four years; in 1885 he was a member of 
the Convention called to form a State 
Constitution ; in 1837 he was elected to 
the State Senate of Michigan ; in 1839 
he was chosen Governor of the State ; 
and he was a Senator in Congress, from 
1841 to 1847. He was a working mem- 
ber on many important committees, and 
his reports and speeches were numer- 
ous ; and Daniel Webster, in a note to 
his speech in defence of the Ashburton 
Treaty, attributed to Mr. Woodbridge 
the first suggestion that was ever made 
to him for inserting in that treaty a 
provision for the surrender of fugitives, 



408 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



under certain circumstances, upon the 
demand of foreign governments. For 
many years before his death he lived in 
retirement at Detroit. Died October 
20, 1861. 

Woodbury, Levi. — Born in Fran- 
cestown, New Hampshire, December 
22, 1789 ; he graduated at Dartmouth 
College in 1809 ; attended the Law 
School at Litchfield ; continued to study 
law in Boston, Exeter, and Frances- 
town, and entered upon the practice in 
1812, in which he was successful. Iii 
1816 he was appointed Judge of the Su- 
perior Court of New Hampshire, and 
in 1819 settled in Portsmouth. In 1823 
he was elected G-overnor of New Hamp- 
shire ; was Speaker of the State House 
of Kepresentatives in 1825 ; was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from 1825 to 1831 ; was 
appointed Secretary of the Navy by 
President Jackson in 1831 ; was trans- 
ferred to the Treasury Department, as 
Secretary, in 1834, by President Van 
Buren, and served until 1841 ; he was 
again a Senator in Congress, from 1841 
to 1845, when he was appointed by Pre- 
sident Polk a Justice of the Supreme 
Court of the United States. He was 
also tendered the appointment of Minis- 
ter to England, but declined it. He 
received the degree of LL.D. from 
Dartmouth College and the Wesleyan 
University of Connecticut, and was a 
member of various literary societies. 
He died at Portsmouth, New Hamp- 
shire, September 7, 1851. 

" Woodcoch, David. — He was born 
in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, and 
was a member of the New York Assem- 
bly, from Seneca County, in 1814 and 
1815, and from Tompkins County, in 
1826 ; and a Kepresentative in Congress, 
from New York, from 1821 to 1823, and 
again from 1827 to 1829. 

Woodruff, George C. — Was born 
in Litchfield, Connecticut, December 1, 
1805 ; graduated at Yale College in 1825 ; 
studied law at the Litchfield School, and 
came to the bar in 1827 ; he was for four- 
teen years Postmaster of Litchfield ; was 
a Clerk and Kepresentative in the State 
Legislature; President for years of a 
bank ; Judge of Probate for several 
years ; and in 1861 he was elected a Re- 
presentative, from Connecticut, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Public Lands. 



Woodruff, John. — He was born 
in Hartford, Connecticut, February 12, 
1826 ; was a member of the Connecticut 
Legislature in 1854; in 1855 was elected 
a Representative, from Connecticut, to 
the Thirty-fourth Congress; re-elected 
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on 
the Committee on the Post-oflBce. 

Woodruff, Thomas M. — He was 

a resident of New York City, a furni- 
ture dealer 'by occupation, a member of 
Congress from 1845 to 1847, and died 
some time ago. 

Woods, Henry. — He was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1790 to 1803. 

WoodSj John. — He was a Repre- 
sentative m Congress, from Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1815 to 1817. 

Woods, John. — He was born in 
Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, in 1794, 
and removed with his father to Ohio in 
his infancy. He was admitted to the 
bar in 1819, settled in Hamilton County, 
and at once took a high stand in his pro- 
fession. In 1824 he was elected to Con- 
gress, and served two terms. In 1829 
he became the editor and publisher of 
the "Hamilton Intelligencer," and so 
continued until 1832, when he returned 
to his profession, which he successfully 
practised until 1845, when he was elect- 
ed Auditor of the State, which office he 
held for two terms. While Auditor, he 
did much to preserve the credit of the 
State. He died in Hamilton, Ohio, July 
30, 1855. 

Woods, William. — He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1823 to 1825, and a member 
of the State Assembly, from Steuben 
County, in 1828. 

Woodson, Samuel B. — Born in 
Jessamine County, Kentucky, October 
24, 1815; graduated at Centre College, 
and became a lawyer by profession. He 
was a member of the Constitutional Con- 
vention of Missouri, in 1855; and a mem- 
ber of the Missouri General Assembly, 
in 1853 and 1854 ; and was elected a Re- 
presentative to theThirty-fifth Congress, 
from that State, serving as a member of 
the Committee on Indian Aifairs. He 
was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



409 



gress, serving on the Committee on In- 
dian Affairs. 

Woodson, Samuel S. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from Ken- 
tucky, from 1820 to 1823, having been 
elected the first time for the unexpired 
term of Henry Clay, and re-elected to 
the next Congress. 

Woodward^ Joseph A. — He was 

born in South Carolina, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1843 to 1847. 

Woodward, William. — He was a 

Representative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1815 to 1817. 

Woodworth, James H. — He was 

born December 4, 1804, in Greenwich, 
Washington County, New York. He 
lived on a farm until twenty-one years 
of age ; received a limited education at 
the schools in the vicinity, and removed 
to Fabius, Onondaga County, N ew York ; 
taught a village school for a few months, 
and then engaged in mercantile busi- 
ness. In 1827 he went to Erie County, 
Pennsylvania, residing there four years, 
and removed to Chicago, Illinois, in 
1833. In 1839 he was elected to the 
State Senate, and in 1842 was a member 
of the Lower House. From 1845 to 
1850 he was connected with the city go- 
vernment of Chicago, being two years 
Mayor. He was a Representative, from 
Illinois, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. 

Woodworth, William TF. — He 

was born in Connecticut, and was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from New 
York, from 1845 to 1847. 

Worcester, Samuel T. — Born in 

HoUis, Hillsborough County, New 
Hampshire, August 30, 1804; graduated 
at Cambridge University in 1830 ; for 
two years he was a Preceptor at the 
"Weymouth Academy, Massachusetts; 
he studied law at Cambridge, and came 
to the bar in 1834 ; went to Ohio that 
year, and settled at Norwalk, in the 
practice of his profession ; in 1848 and 
1849 he was elected to the State Senate ; 
in 1859 was elected Judge of the Court 
of Common Pleas, which he held until 
elected a Representative, from Ohio, to 
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on 
the Committees on Elections, Accounts, 
and Agriculture. 



27 



Wordj Tliomas J.— Re was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from Missis- 
sippi, from 1838 to 1839. 

Worman, Liidwig, — He was born 
in Bucks County, Pennsylvania ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1820 to 1822. Died 
in 1822. 

Wortendyke, J. JR. — Born at 
Chestnut Ridge, in the ToM^nship of 
Harrington, Bergen County, New Jer- 
sey, November 27, 1818 ; graduated at 
Rutgers College in 1839 ; and was for 
several years teacher of the classics and 
mathematics. He commenced the study 
of law in 1849, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1862 ; was Alderman of Jersey 
City, where he practised law ; and was 
elected a Representative in the Thirty- 
fifth Congress, from New Jersey, serv- 
ing on the Committee on Public Ex- 
penditures. 

Worthington, J. T. H.—Re was 
born in Maryland, and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from that State, 
from 1831 to 1833, and again from 1837 
to 1841. 

Worthington, Uiomas. — He was 

born in Jefierson County, Virginia, 
about 1769; emigrated to Ohio, and 
settled in Ross County in 1798. In 
1803 he was a member of the State Con- 
stitutional Convention. He was a Sena- 
tor in Congress, from Ohio, from 1803 
to 1807, and again from 1810 to 1814, 
when he resigned ; and from 1814 to 
1818, he was Governor of Ohio. After 
his retirement from that ofliee, he was 
appointed a member of the first Board 
of Canal Commissioners, in which capa- 
city he served until his death, which 
occurred in 1827. 

Worthington, Thomas C. — He 

was born in Prince George County, 
Maryland, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from that State, from 1825 to 
1827. Died June 19, 1827. 

Wright, Augustus R. — Born at 
Wrightsborough, Columbia County, 
Georgia, June 16, 1813 ; commenced 
his education at a grammar school ; 
afterwards entered Franklin College, 
but left in the latter part of the junior 
year without graduating. He is a law- 



410 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



yer by profession ; and at the age of 
twenty-nine, was elected Circuit Judge. 
He resigned before the expiration of the 
second term, and was elected a Eepre- 
sentative, from Georgia, to the Thirty- 
fourth Congress, and re-elected to the 
Thirty-fifth, serving as a member of the 
Committee on the District of Columbia. 

Wright, Daniel B, — He was born 
in Tennessee, and was a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from Mississippi, from 18-53 
to 1857. 

WrigJit, George H. — He was born 
in Concord,Massachusetts, June4, 1817; 
spent seven years on a farm ; settled in 
Boston, as a merchant, in 1822 ; was 
connected with the Boston Courier for 
two years, from 1837, after which he 
settled in Nantucket, in the whaling 
business ; went to California in 1849 ; 
and was a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from that State, during the years 1850 
and 1851. 

Wright, Hendrick jB.^Born in 
Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, April 
24, 1808 ; graduated at Dickinson Col- 
lege in 1829 ; studied law, and came to 
the bar in 1831 ; in 1834 he was ap- 
pointed Deputy Attorney-General for 
Luzerne County ; was elected to the 
State Legislature in 1841 and 1842 ; re- 
elected in 1843, and made Speaker of 
the House ; he was a member of all the 
National Democratic Conventions be- 
tween 1840 and 1860 ; and of that Con- 
vention which nominated Mr. Polk for 
President he was the President. In 
1852 he was elected a Eepresentative, 
from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-third 
Congress ; and he was re-elected to the 
Thirty -seventh Congress, to fill the va- 
cancy caused by the death of George 
W. Scranton, and was a member of the 
Committee on Military Affairs. 

Wright, John C. — He was born in 
1783 ; attained eminence as a lawyer, 
and early rose to the Supreme Bench of 
Ohio. His Law Eeports are a part of 
all good libraries in the Western States. 
He was a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from Ohio, from 1823 to 1829, and was 
for many years the owner and editor of 
the Cincinnati Gazette. He took an 
active part, as Delegate from Ohio, in 
the Peace Congress of February, 1861, 
but died in Washington before the ad- 



journment of that body, on the 13th of 
that month. 

Wright, John V. — Born in Mc- 
Nairy County, Tennessee, June 28, 
1828 ; was a lawyer by profession ; was 
elected a Eepresentative to the Thirty- 
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, from 
his native State ; and was a member of 
the Committees on Eevolutionary Pen- 
sions, and Expenditures in the War 
Department. Ee-elected to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress, serving on the Com- 
mittee on the District of Columbia. 

Wright, Joseph A. — He was born 
in Pennsylvania, and having settled in 
Indiana, was elected a Eepresentative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1845 ; was Governor of Indiana from 
1849 to 1857 ; and in 1857 he was ap- 
pointed, by President Buchanan, Minis- 
ter to Prussia. In 1861 he was elected 
a Senator in Congress, from Indiana, 
serving one session ; and in 1863 he was 
appointed, by President Lincoln, Com- 
missioner to attend the Hamburg Ex- 
hibition. 

Wright, Robert. — He was born in 
Kent County, Maryland ; a Senator in 
Congress, from Maryland, from 1801 to 
1806, when he resigned ; at one time 
member of the State Executive Council ; 
was Governor of Maryland from 1806 
to 1809 ; a Eepresentative in Congress, 
from Maryland, from 1810 to 1817 ; re- 
elected for the term from 1821 to 1823 ; 
and died September 7, 1826. 

WrigJit, Samuel G. — Born in 

1787, and at the time of his death, was 
a member elect of Congress, from New 
Jersey. Died near Allentown, New 
Jersey, July 30, 1845. 

Wright, Silas. — Was born at Am- 
herst, Massachusetts, May 24, 1795. He 
worked upon his father's farm, in Ver- 
mont, in the summer, and attended 
school in the winter. He prepared for 
and entered college in August, 1811, 
and graduated at Middlebury College in 
1815. He read law in Washington 
County, New York, teaching school 
one or two winters to aid in defraying 
his own expenses. In 1819, he settled, 
in the practice of the law, at Canton, 
St. Lawrence County, New York, where 
he continued his jesidence until his 
death. He was soon made a Magistrate 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



411 



and Postmaster of his town, and Surro- 
gate of his county. He early raised a 
uniformed militia rifle company, of 
which he was unanimously chosen Cap- 
tain, from which position he rose to be 
Colonel of a rifle regiment, and became 
a Brigadier-General of infantry in 1827. 
He was elected to the State Senate in 
November, 1823, and served unt)il March 
4, 1827, when he resigned that office, 
having been elected to Congress in No- 
vember, 1826. He took his seat in Con- 
gress in December, 1827. He was re- 
elected in November, 1828. Having 
been elected State Comptroller, Janu- 
ary 27, 1829, he resigned his seat in 
Congress before serving out his term. 
While in Congress, he served as a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Manufactures, 
and took an active part in the tarifl" in- 
vestigations and discussions of 1828. He 
served as Comptroller from the time of 
his election until he was chosen United 
States Senator, in the early part of 
January, 1833, when he immediately 
took his seat in that body. He was re- 
elected in February, 1837, and again in 
February, 1843, and continued to serve 
until December, 1844, when he resigned. 
In November, 1844, he was elected 
Governor of New York, and entered 
upon his duties, January 1, 1845. In 
1846 he retired to private life, devoting 
himself to the cultivation of his farm, 
and enjoying the society of his early 
friends and neighbors. On August 27, 
1847, he died suddenly, at his residence 
in Canton. "While in the United States 
Senate, he served most of his time on 
the Committee on Finance, and intro- 
duced the first Sub-Treasury bill, which 
became a law. President Tyler ofl:ered 
him a seat upon the bench of the Su- 
preme Court, which he declined. By 
other Presidents he was offered seats in 
their cabinets and missions abroad, all 
of which he refused. His last labor for 
the public was the preparation of an ad- 
dress for the State Agricultural Society, 
which, having been finished, was read 
to that body a short time after his death, 
by his friend, General Dix. He appear- 
ed twice in the Supreme Court of the 
United States to argue cases of high 
importance, and established in that tri- 
bunal a high reputation as a lawyer. 

Wright, William. — He was born 
in Clarksville, Rockland County, New 
York, and having removed to New Jer- 
sey, in 1794, was a Representative in 



Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 
1847 ; and in 1853 was elected a Senator 
in Congress for the term ending in 1859. 
He was Chairman of the Committee on 
Engrossed Bills, and of that on the 
Contingent Expenses of the Senate. In 
1863 he was re-elected to the Senate for 
the term ending in 1869, serving on the 
Committees on Public Lands, and Re- 
volutionary Claim*. 

Wiirtz, John. — He was born in 
Morris County, New Jersey ; graduated 
at Princeton College in 1813 ; and was 
a Representative in Congress, from 
Pennsylvania, from 1825 to 1827. Died 
in Rome, Italy, April 23, 1861. 

Wijnkooj), Henri/. — He was a 

Delegate to the Continental Congress, 
from 1779 to 1783, and a Representative 
in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 
1789 tol791. 

Wynn, mchard.—He was a Re- 
presentative in Congress, from South 
Carolina, from 1793 to 1797, and again 
from 1802 to 1813. 

Wfjtin, Thomas. — He was born, 
lived, and died, in Hertford County, 
North Carolina. He was a General of 
militia ; a planter by occupation ; served 
a number of years in the House of Com- 
mons and Senate ; and was a Represen- 
tative in Congress, from 1802 to 1807. 
Died June 3, 1825. 

Yancey f William L. — Born at 

Ogeechee Shoals, Georgia, August 10, 
1814 ; received a good education in the 
Northern States ; studied law, and prac- 
tised in South Carolina ; in 1837 he set- 
tled in Alabama, and edited the Cahawba 
Democrat and Wetumpka Argus ; and 
was a Representative in Congress, from 
Alabama, from 1844 to 1847. Before 
entering Congress, he had served in the 
Alabama Legislature, and since that 
time has served as a member of various 
political conventions, first at Baltimore 
in 1848, then at Cincinnati in 1856, and 
at Charleston in 1860, in which he bore 
a conspicuous part. He subsequently 
visited Europe as an agent of the South- 
ern States during the Great Rebellion 
of 1861 ; also held several other appoint- 
ments and positions under the Confede- 
rate Government, and died in July, 
1863. 



412 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Yancy, Bartlett.—Re was born in 
Virginia, and educated at the Univer- 
sity of North Carolina, where he was, 
for a time, a tutor. His first appear- 
ance in public life was as a member of 
Congress, from North Carolina, in 1813, 
where he served four years ; he served 
for many years in the State Legislature, 
and frequently as Speaker of the House ; 
and his position as a)»lawyer was unsur- 
passed. He died in Caswell County, 
August 30, 1828. 

Yancy, Joel.—Ra was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from Kentucky, 
from 1827 to 1831. 

Yates, John B.—B.e was born in 
New York, and was a Kepresentative 
in Congress, from New York, from 1815 
to 1817, and was a member of the As- 
sembly of that State in 1836, from Ma- 
dison County. 

Yates, Michard. — He was born in 
Kentucky, and was a Representative in 
Congress, from Illinois, from 1851 to 
1855 ; and in 1861 he was chosen Go- 
vernor of Illinois for four years. 

Yeaman, George IT. — He was 

born in Hardin County, Kentucky, No- 
vember 1, 1829 ; received his early edu- 
cation under many difficulties ; studied 
law, and came to the bar in his twenty- 
third year, entering upon the practice 
of his profession at Owensboro, Davies 
County, Kentucky. In 1854 he was 
elected Judge of Davies County, and 
from that time until 1858 devoted his 
whole attention to the law, acquiring 
an extensive practice in the Circuit 
Court and Court of Appeals. In 1861 
he was elected to the Legislature of 
Kentucky, and in 1862 he was engaged 
in raising a regiment for the Union 
service ; but when J. S. Jackson re- 
signed he was elected as his successor a 
Representative, from Kentucky, to the 
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the 
Committee on Military Affairs, and was 
re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con- 
gress, serving on the same Committee. 

Yell, Archihald. — He was born in 
Tennessee, and, removing to Arkansas, 
was elected a Representative in Con- 
gress, from 1836 to 1839, and was re- 
elected in 1845, serving only until 1846. 
He was also Governor of Arkansas in 
1842 and 1844. Died February 23, 1847. 



Yorhe, TJionias J. — He was born 
in New Jersey, and was a Representa- 
tive in Congress, from that State, from 
1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 
1843. He was a candidate for election 
to the Twenty-sixth Congress, and, al- 
though he came with the Broad Seal of 
his State, he was not admitted. 

Yost, Jacob S, — He was born in 

Pennsylvania, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1843 
to 1847. 

Young, Augustus. — He was born 
in Arlington, Vermont, March 20, 1785, 
and was admitted to the bar in St. Al- 
ban's in 1810 ; he commenced prac- 
tice at Stowe, and in about eighteen 
months removed to Craftsbury, which 
town he represented in the General As- 
sembly during eight sessions. He was 
four years State's Attorney for Orleans 
County, and Judge of Probate in 1830. 
In 1836 he was chosen State Senator, 
and was twice re-elected. He was a 
Representative in Congress, from Ver- 
mont, from 1841 to 1843, and declined 
a re-election. In 1847 he removed to 
St. Alban's, and was for several years 
Judge of Franklin County Court. He 
subsequently devoted himself to literary 
and scientific pursuits, and being a 
learned geologist and mineralogist, was 
appointed, in 1856, State Naturalist. 
He died at St. Alban's, June 17, 1857. 
He was highly popular, possessed great 
talents, and his scientific books and 
tracts indicate that he was a great ma- 
thematician and a profound reasoner. 

Young, Bryan M. — He was born 
in Kentucky, and was a Representative 
in Congress, from that State, from 1845 
to 1847. 

Young, Ebenezer. — Born in Kil- 
lingly, Connecticut, in 1784, and gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1806. In 1823 
he was elected to the State Senate, and 
twice re-elected ; he was also two years 
Speaker of the House ; and was a Repre- 
sentative in Congress, from 1829 to 
1835. He died at West Killingly, Au- 
gust 18, 1851. 

Young, John. — He was born in 
Vermont in 1802 ; when quite a boy he 
moved with his father to Livingston 
County, New York, and received a com- 
mon school education at Conesus ; stu- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



413 



died law, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1829; was in the State Legishiture in 
1831, 1844, and 1845; was a Eepresen- 
tative in Congress, from New York, 
from 1841 to 1843 ; Governor of the 
State, from 1847 to 1849; and Assistant 
Treasurer of the United States, in New 
York City, at the time of his death, 
which occurred April 23, 1852. 

Young, Hicliard M. — He was a 

Senator in Congress, from Illinois, from 
1837 to 1843 ; and Clerk of the United 
States House of Representatives in 1850 
and 1851. 

Yoiinff, Timothy R. — He was 

born in New Hampshire ; graduated at 
Bowdoin College in 1835 ; and was a 
Kepresentative in Congress, from Illi- 
nois, from 1849 to 1851. 

Young, William S. — He was born 
in Nelson County, Kentucky, and was 
a Representative in Congress, from that 
State, from 1825 to 1827. 

Yulee, t)avid L. — He was born in 
the West Indies, of Hebrew extraction, 
in 1811, but when quite young was re- 
moved to Virginia, where he received 
the rudiments of a classical education. 
He emigrated to Florida in 1824, and 
though he studied law, he divided his 
time between the practice of his profes- 
sion and the pursuits of agriculture. 
He was a Delegate to Congress, from 
the Territory of Florida, from 1841 to 
1845, bearing the name of Levy, and as 



Yulee was a Delegate to the Conven- 
tion which formed the State Constitu- 
tion, and was elected a Senator in Con- 
gress in 1845, where he continued until 
1861, officiating as Chairman of the 
Committee on Post-offices and Post- 
roads. He was also President of the 
Atlantic and Gulf Railroad in Florida. 
Resigned his seat in the Senate to take 
part in the Rebellion of 1861. 

Zollicoffer, Felix K. — Born in 
Maury County, Tennessee, May 19, 
1812, and received an academical edu- 
cation. He served for a few months in 
a printing-office, and in 1829 took upon 
himself the management of a newspaper 
at Paris, Tennessee. In 1834 he was 
editor and publisher of the Columbian 
Observer, in the same State ; in 1835 he 
was elected State printer, and re-elected 
in 1837; in 1842 he removed to Nash- 
ville, and edited the Banner ; in 1843 
he was elected Comptroller of the State 
Treasury, and was re-elected in 1845 
and 1847 ; in 1849 was elected to the 
State Senate ; in 1850 was a contractor 
for building the Suspension Bridge at 
Nashville ; in 1851 and 1852, again 
edited the Nashville Banner, and was 
elected a Representative in Congress, 
from Tennessee, in 1853, where he con- 
tinued until the close of the Thirty-fifth 
Congress, serving in the same as a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Territories. 
He subsequently joined the Great Re- 
bellion, and served as a General of vo- 
lunteers, having been killed at the bat- 
tle of Somerset, Kentucky. He was a 
Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. 



APPENDIX. 



APPENDIX. 



SUCCESSIVE SESSIONS OF CONGRESS. 



STATEMENT 

Showing the Commencement and Termination of each Session of Congress, held under 
the Present Constitution, with the Number of Days in each. 



I 

a 

a 


a 

o 

1 


From 


To 


a 

•O a! 

-J 


5>o 

p-i 

■si 

it 

9 

!Z!"" 


Where held. 




1 


March 


4, 1789 


Sept. 


29, 1789 


13 


210 


New York. 


1 ] 


2 


January 4, 1790 


August 


12, 1790 


14 


221 


do. 




3 


Dec. 


6, 1790 


March 


3, 1791 


15 


88 


Philadelphia. 


2 1 


1 


Oct. 


24, 1791 


May 


8, 1792 


16 


197 


do. 


2 


Nov. 


5, 1792 


March 


2, 1793 


17 


119 


do. 


3 { 


1 


Dec. 


2, 1793 


June 


9, 1794 


18 


190 


do. 


2 


Nov. 


3, 1794 


March 


3, 1795 


19 


121 


do. 


4 { 


1 


Dec. 


7, 1795 


June 


1, 1796 


20 


177 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


5, 1796 


March 


3, 1797 


21 


89 


do. 




1 


May 


15, 1797 


July 


10, 1797 


21 


57 


do. 


5 ] 


2 


Nov. 


13, 1797 


July 


16, 1798 


22 


246 


do. 




3 


Dec. 


3, 1798 


March 


3, 1799 


23 


91 


do. 


6 1 


1 


Dec. 


2, 1799 


May 


14, 1800 


24 


164 


do. 


2 


Nov. 


17, 1800 


March 


3, 1801 


25 


107 


Washington. 


7 1 


1 


Dec. 


7, 1801 


May 


3, 1802 


26 


148 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


6, 1802 


March 


8, 1803 


27 


88 


do. 


8 1 


1 


Oct. 


17, 1803 


March 


27, 1804 


28 


163 


do. 


2 


Nov. 


5, 1804 


March 


3, 1805 


29 


119 


do. 


9 1 


1 


Dec. 


2, 1805 


April 


21, 1806 


30 


141 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


1, 1806 


March 


3, 1807 


31 


93 


do. 


10 1 


1 


Oct. 


26, 1807 


April 


25, 1808 


32 


182 


do. 


2 


Nov. 


7, 1808 


March 


3, 1809 


33 


117 


do. 




1 


May 


22, 1809 


June 


28, 1809 


33 


38 


do. 


11 \ 


2 


Nov. 


27, 1809 


May 


1, 1810 


34 


156 


do. 




3 


Dec. 


3, 1810 


March 


3, 1811 


35 


91 


do. 


12 1 


1 


Nov. 


4, 1811 


July 


6, 1812 


36 


245 


do. 


2 


Nov. 


2, 1812 


March 


3, 1813 


37 


122 


do. 




1 


May 


24, 1813 


August 


2, 1813 


37 


71 


do. 


13 i 


2 


Dec. 


6, 1813 


April 


18, 1814 


38 


134 


do. 




3 


Sept. 


19, 1814 


March 


3, 1815 


39 


166 


do. 



418 



APPENDIX. 



Statement of the Successive Sessions of Congress — [Continued). 





pi 

o 

1 

W. 


From 


To 


a 

a, 

<D 

"^ ^ 

a s 
M a 

O 'O 

1 


Pi 
3 a 


Where held. 


u{ 


1 


Dec. 


4, 1815 


April 


80, 1816 


40 


148 


Washington. 


2 


Dec. 


2 


1816 


March 


3 


1817 


41 


92 


do. 


15 { 


1 


Dec. 


1 


1817 


April 


30 


1818 


42 


141 


do. 


2 


Nov. 


16 


1818 


March 


3 


1819 


43 


108 


do. 


16 { 


1 


Dec. 


6 


1819 


May. 


15 


1820 


44 


162 


do. 


2 


JSTov. 


13 


1820 


March 


3 


1821 


45 


111 


do. 


17 { 


1 


Dec. 


. 3 


1821 


May 


8 


1822 


46 


157 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


2 


1822 


March 


3 


1823 


47 


92 


do. 


1S{ 


1 


Dec. 


1 


1823 


May 


27 


1824 


48 


178 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


6 


1824 


March 


3 


1825 


49 


88 


do. 


10 { 


1 


Dec. 


5 


1825 


May 


22 


1826 


50 


169 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


4 


1826 


March 


3 


1827 


51 


90 


do. 


20 1 


1 


Dec. 


3 


1827 


May 


26 


1828 


52 


175 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


1 


1828 


March 


3 


1829 


53 


93 


do. 


21 { 


1 


Dec. 


7 


1829 


May 


31 


1830 


54 


176 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


6 


1830 


March 


3 


1831 


55 


88 


do. 


22 1 


1 


Dec. 


5 


1831 


July 


16 


1832 


56 


225 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


3 


1832 


March 


3 


1833 


57 


91 


do. 


23 j 


1 


Dec. 


2 


1833 


June 


30 


1834 


58 


211 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


1 


1834 


March 


3 


1835 


59 


93 


do. 


24 1 


1 


Dec. 


7 


1835 


July 


4 


1836 


60 


211 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


5 


1836 


March 


3 


1837 


61 


89 


do. 


r 


1 


Sept. 


4 


1837 


October 16 


1837 


62 


43 


do. 


25 J 


2 


Dec. 


4 


1837 


July 


9 


1838 


62 


218 


do. 


1 


3 


Dec. 


3 


1838 


March 


3 


1839 


63 


91 


do. 


26 1 


1 


Dec. 


2 


1839 


July 


21 


1840 


64 


233 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


7 


1840 


March 


3 


1841 


65 


87 


do. 


r 


1 


May 


31 


1841 


Sept. 


13 


1841 


65 


106 


do. 


27 


2 


Dec. 


6 


1841 


August 


31 


1842 


66 


269 


do. 


1 


3 


Dec. 


5 


1842 


March 


3 


1843 


67 


89 


do. 


28 1 


1 


Dec. 


4 


1843 


June 


17 


1844 


68 


196 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


2 


1844 


March 


3 


1845 


69 


92 


do. 


29 1 


1 


Dec. 


1 


1845 


August 


10 


1846 


70 


253 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


7 


1846 


March 


3 


1847 


71 


87 


do. 


30 1 


1 


Dec. 


6 


1847 


August 


14 


1848 


72 


254 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


4 


1848 


March 


3 


1849 


73 


90 


do. 


Sl{ 


1 


Dec. 


3 


1849 


Sept. 


30 


1850 


74 


302 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


2 


1850 


March 


3 


1851 


75 


92 


do. 


32 1 


1 


Dec. 


1 


1851 


August 


31 


1852 


76 


275 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


6 


1852 


March 


3 


1853 


77 


88 


do. 


33 1 


1 


Dec. 


5 


18.53 


August 


7 


1854 


78 


246 


do; 


2 


Dec. 


4 


18.54 


March 


3 


1855 


79 


90 


do. 


r 


1 


Dec. 


3 


1855 


August 


18 


1856 


80 


260 


do. 


34 J 


2 


August 21 


1856 


August 


30 


1856 


81 


10 


do. 


1 


3 


Dec. 


1 


1856 


March 


3 


1857 


82 


93 


do. 


35 1 


1 


Dec. 


7 


1857 


June 


1 


1858 


82 


177 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


6 


1858 


March 


3 


1859 


83 


88 


do. 


36 1 


1 


Dec. 


5 


1859 


June 


18 


1860 


84 


196 


do. 


2 


Dec. 


3 


1860 


March 


4 


1861 


85 


93 


do. 


f 


1 


July 


4 


1861 


August 


6 


1861 


85 


34 


do. 


37 ^ 


2 


Dec. 


2 


1861 


July 


17 


1862 


86 


228 


do. 


1 


3 


Dec. 


1 


1862 


March 


4 


1863 


87 


94 


do. 



APPENDIX. 



419 



SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 



1st Congress. 


2d 


(1 


3d 


u 


4th 


u 


5th 


<( 


6th 


u 


7th 


If 


8th 


u 


9th 


1( 


10th 


(( 


11th 


u 


12th 


(1 


13th 


'(( 


14th 


(1 


15th 


u 


16th 


u 


17th 


<( 


18th 


<( 


19th 


u 


20th 


a 


21st 


i( 


22d 


(1 


23d 


(( 


24th 


II 


25th 


u 


26th 


II 


27th 


II 


28th 


(1 


29th 


(( 


30th 


(I 


3l8t 


II 


32d 


II 


33d 


II 


34th 


II 


35th 


(I 


36th 


<( 


37th 


<i 


38th 


II 



F. A. Muhlenberg, 

Jonathan Trumbull, 

F. A. Muhlenberg, 

Jonathan Dayton, 
C Jonathan Dayton, 
\ George Dent, pro tern., 

Theodore Sedgwick, 

Nathaniel Macon, 

Nathaniel Macon, 

Nathaniel Macon, 

Joseph B. Varnum, 

Joseph B. Varnum, 

Henry Clay, 

< Henry Clay, 1st session, 
( Langdon Cheves, 2d " 

Henry Clay, 

Henry Clay, 
5 Henry Clay, 1st session, 

I John W. Taylor, 2d " 

P. P. Barbour, 

Henry Clay, 

John W. Taylor, 

Andrew Stevenson, 

Andrew Stevenson, 

Andrew Stevenson, 

(Andrew Stevenson, 1st session, 
John Bell, 2d session, 

Henry Hubbard, pj'o tern., 
James K. Polk, 
James K. Polk, 
K. M. T. Hunter, 
John White, 

< John W. Jones, 

( George W. Hopkins, joro tern., 

John W. Davis, 
( Robert C. "Winthrop, 
^ Armisted Burt, joro ^e?n., 
i Howell Cobb, 
I R. C. Winthrop, /jro tern., 

Linn Boyd, 

Linn Boyd, 

Nathaniel P. Banks, 

James L. Orr, 

William Pennington, 

Galusha A. Grow, 

Schuyler Colfax, 



Pennsylvania. 
Connecticut. 
Pennsylvania. 
New Jersey. 

II II 

Maryland. 
Massachusetts. 
North Carolina. 



Massachusetts. 

K 

Kentucky. 

II 

South Carolina. 
Kentucky. 



New York. 
Virginia. 
Kentucky. 
New York. 
Virginia. 



Tennessee. 
New Hampshire. 
Tennessee. 

(I 

Virginia. 
Kentucky. 

Virginia. 

ii 

Indiana. 

Massachusetts. 
South Carolina. 
Georgia. 
Massachusetts. 
Kentucky. 
II 

Massachusetts. 
South Carolina. 
New Jersey. 
Pennsylvania. 
Indiana. 



PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE. 



VICE-PRESIDENTS OP THE UNITED STATES. 



Congresses. 

1 to 4. 

5 and 6. 

7 and 8. 

9 to 12. 

13 and 14. 



John Adams, 
Thomas Jefferson, 
Aaron Burr, 
George Clinton,* 
Elbridge Gerry,* 



Massachusetts. 
Virginia. 
New York. 

U II 

Massachusetts. 



* Died in oflBce. 



420 






APPENDIX. 




Congresses 








15 to 


18. 


Daniel D. Tompkins, 


New York. 


19 to 


22. 


John C. Calhoun,* 


South Carolina. 


23 and 24. 


Martin Yan Buren, 


New York. 


25 and 26. 


Eichard M. Johnson, 


Kentucky. 


27. 




John Tyler,t 


Virginia. 


29 and 30. 


George M. Dallas, 


Pennsylvania. 


31. 




Millard Pillmore,J 


New York. 


82. 




William E. King,§ 


Alabama. 


38. 




(Vacant.) 




84. 




(Vacant.)^ 

John C. Breckinridge, 




35. 




Kentucky. 


36. 




John C. Breckinridge, 


a 


37. 




Hannibal Hamlin, 


Maine. 


38. 




Hannibal Hamlin, 


(( 


PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE, PRO TEM. 


1st Congress. 


John Langdon, 


New Hampshire. 


2d 


(t 


r Eichard Henry Lee, 
\ John Langdon, 


Virginia. 




New Hampshire. 


3d 




( Ealph Izard, 
( Henry Tazewell, 


South Carolina. 




Virginia. 


4th 


t( 


j Samuel Liver more, 
\ William Bingham, 


New Hampshire. 




Pennsylvania. 








' William Bradford, 


Ehode Island. 








Jacob Eead, 


South Carolina. 


5th 


U 




Theodore Sedgwick, 
John Lawrence, 
James Eoss, 
' Samuel Livermore, 


Massachusetts. 
New York, 
Pennsylvania. 
New Hampshire. 


6th 


a 




Uriah Tracy, 


Connecticut. 






John E. Howard, 


Maryland. 








James Hillhouse, 


Connecticut. 


7th 


a 


/Abraham Baldwin, 
\ Stephen E. Bradley, 


Georgia. 




Vermont. 






r John Browne, 


Kentucky. 


8th 


u 


-j Jesse Franklin, 


North Carolina. 






[Joseph Anderson, 


Tennessee. 


9th 


u 


f Samuel Smith, 
\ Samuel Smith, 


Maryland. 




(( 






r Samuel Smith, 


u 


10th 


u 


-| Stephen E. Bradley, 


Vermont. 






[ John Milledge, 


Georgia. 






r Andrew Gregg, 


Pennsylvania. 


11th 


a 


-j John Gaillard, 


South Carolina. 






( John Pope, 


Kentucky. 


12th 


a 


( William H. Crawford, 
\ Joseph B. Varnum, 


Georgia. 




Massachusetts. 


13th 


u 


John Gaillard, 


South Carolina. 


14th 


a 


John Gaillard, 


U f ( 


15th 


( ( 


j John Gaillard, 
\ James Barbour, 


u u 




Virginia. 


16th 


a 


'] James Barbour, 
( John Gaillard, 


ii 




South Carolina. 


17th 


C( 


John Gaillard, 


u u 


18th 


u 


John Gaillard, 


11 a 


19th 


a 


Nathaniel Macon, 


North Carolina. 


20th 


(£ 


5 Nathaniel Macon, 


a u 




( Samuel Smith, 


Maryland. 



* Resigned December 28, 1832. 

I Became President by death of Taylor. 



t Became President by death of Harrison. 
\ Died in office. 



APPENDIX. 



421 



21st Congress 


22d 




23d 




24th 




25th 




26th 




27th 




28th 




29th 




30th 




31st 




32d 




33d 




34th 




35th 




36th 




37th 




38th 





^amuel Smith, 
5 Littleton W. Tazewell, 
I Hugh L. White, 

< George Poindexter, 
I John Tyler, 

William K. King, 
William R. King, 
William R. King, 
Samuel L. Southard, 
Willie P. Mangum, 
David R. Atchison, 
David R. Atchison, 
William R. King, 
William R. King, 
David R. Atchison, 
Jesse D. Bright, 
Benjamin Fitzpatrick, 

< Jesse D. Bright, 
\ Solomon Foot, 

Solomon Foot, 
( Solomon Foot, 
I Daniel Clark, 



Maryland. 

Virginia. 

Tennessee. 

Mississippi. 

Virginia. 

Alabama. 



New Jersey. 
North Carolina. 
Missouri. 

(( 

Alabama. 

Missouri. 

Indiana. 

Alabama. 

Indiana. 

Vermont. 



New Hampshire. 



SECEETAEIES OF THE SENATE. 



Names. 


States. 


Time of appoint- 
ment. 


Expiration of eer- 
Tice. 


Samuel Allyne Otis . . . 

Charles Cutts 

Walter Lowrie .... 
Asbury Dickens .... 
John W. Forney .... 


Massachusetts . 
New Hampshire 
Pennsylvania . 
North Carolina 
Pennsylvania . 


8 April, 1789 

11 Oct. 1814 

12 Dec. 1825 
12 Dec. 1836 

July, 1861 


18 April, 1814 

12 Dec. 1825 

5 Dec. 1836 

July, 1861 



CLERKS OE THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 



Names. 


States. 


Time of appoint- 


Expiration 


of ser- 






ment 




vice. 




John Beckley 


Virgijiia . . . 


1 April, 


1789 


15 May, 


1797 


Jonathan Williams Condy . 


Pennsvlvania . 


15 May, 


1797 


9 Dec. 


1800 


John Holt Oswald . . . 


Pennsylvania . 


9 Dec. 


1800 


7 Dec. 


1801 


John Beckley 


Virginia . . . 


7 Dec. 


1801 


26 Oct. 


1807 


Patrick Magruder . . . 


Maryland 


26 Oct. 


1807 


28 Jan. 


1815 


Thomas Dougherty . . . 


Kentucky 


30 Jan. 


1815 


3 Dec. 


1822 


Matthew St. Clair Clarke . 


Pennsylvania . 


3 Dec. 


1822 


2 Dec. 


1833 


Walter S. Franklin . . . 


Pennsylvania . 


2 Dec. 


1833 


20 Sept. 


1838 


Hugh A. Garland .... 


Virginia . . . 


3 Dec. 


1838 


31 May, 


1841 


Matthew St. Clair Clarke . 


Pennsylvania . 


31 May, 


1841 


6 Dec. 


1843 


Caleb J.McNulty . . . 


Ohio . . . . 


6 Dec. 


1843 


18 Jan. 


1845 


Benjamin B. French . . . 


New Hampshire 


18 Jan. 


1845 


7 Dec. 


1847 


Thomas JeiFerson Campbell 


Tennessee . . 


7 Dec. 


1847 


13 April, 


1850 


Richard M. Young . . . 


Illinois . . . 


17 April. 


1850 


1 Dec. 


1851 


John W. Forney .... 


Pennsylvania . 


1 Dec. 


1851 


4 Feb. 


1856 


William Cullom .... 


Tennessee . . 


4 Feb. 


1856 


6 Dec. 


1857 


James C. Allen .... 


Illinois . . . 


6 Dec. 


1857 


3 Feb. 


1860 


John W. Forney .... 


Pennsylvania . 


3 Feb. 


1860 


4 July, 


1861 


Emerson Etheridge . . . 


Tennessee . . 


4 July 


1861 


8 Dec. 


1863 


Edward McPherson . 


Pennsylvania . 


8 Dec. 


1863 







422 



APPENDIX. 



CHAPLAmS TO CONGRESS. 



Showing the Names of Clergymen who have served as Chaplains to the Senate since 1789 ; 
also, the Churches to which they belonged; in the order of their appointment. 

The initials opposite the name signify : B. for Baptist, C. for Congregationalist, 
D. for Dutch Eeformed, E. for Episcopalian, L. for Lutheran, M. for Metho- 
dist, P. for Presbyterian, R. C. for Eoman Catholic, U. for Universalist, Un. 
for Unitarian. 



Names. 


Church. 




Names. 


Church 


Rt. Rev. Bishop Provost, 


. E." 


Rev. 


William Ryland, . 


. M. 


Rt. Rev. Bishop White, 


. E. 


Rev. 


C. P. Mcllvaine, . 


. E. 


Rt. Rev. Bishop Clagett, 


. E. 


Rev. 


W. Staughton, 


. B. 


Rev. Dr. E. Gantt, . . 


. E. 


Rev. 


C. P. Mcllvaine, . 


. E. 


Rev. A. T. McCormick, 


. E. 


Rev. 


W. Staughton, 


. B. 


Rev. Dr. Gantt, . . . 


. E. 


Rev. 


W. Ryland, . . 


. M. 


Rev. John J. Sayi's, . . 


. E. 


Rev. 


H. V. D. Johns, . 


. E. 


Rev. Dr. G-antt, . . . 


. E. 


Rev. 


J. P. Durbin, . . 


. M. 


Rev. A. T. McCormick, 


. E. 


Rev. 


C. C. Pise, . . . 


R. C. 


Rev. R. Elliott, . . . 


. P. 


Rev. 


T. W. Hatch, . . 


. E. 


Rev. M. Wilmer, . . 


. E. 


Rev. 


E. Y. Higby, . . 


. E. 


Rev. 0. B. Brown, . . 


. B. 


Rev. 


Henry Slicer, . . 


. M. 


Rev. Walter Addison, . 


. E. 


Rev. 


G. G. Cookman, . 


. M. 


Rev. J. Breckenridge, . 


. P. 


Rev. 


S. Tustin, . . . 


. P. 


Rev. Jesse Lee, . . . 


. M. 


Rev. 


Henry Slicer, . 


. M. 


Rev. J. Glendy, . . . 


. P. 


Rev. 


C. M. Butler, . . 


. . E. 


Rev. J. Glendy, . . . 


. P. 


Rev. 


Henry Slicer, . . 


. M. 


Rev. S. E. Dwight, . . 


. C. 


Rev. 


Henry C. Dean, . 


. M. 


Rev. William Hawley,. 


. E. 


Rev. 


Stephen P. Hill. . 


. B. 


Rev. John Clark, . . 


. P. 


Rev. 


R. R. Gurley, . . 


. P. 


Rev. B. Allison, . . . 


. B. 


Rev. 


Mr. Sunderland, . 


. P. 



Showing the Names of Clergymen who have served as Chaplains to the House of Repre- 
sentatives since 1789. 



Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 



Names. 
William Linn, . 
Samuel Blair, . 
Ashbel Green, . 
Thomas Lyell, . 
W. Parkinson, 
W. Bentley, . 
W. Parkinson, 
James Laurie, . 
J. Glendy, . . 
R. Elliott, . . 
O. B. Brown, . 
Jesse Lee, . 
N. Sneathen, . 
Jesse Lee, . . 
O. B. Brown, . 
S. H. Cone, . 
B. Allison, . . 
J. N. Campbell, 
Jared Sparks, . 
J. Breckenridge, 
H. B. Bascom, . 



P. 
P. 
P. 
M. 
B. 
C. 
B. 
P. 
P. 
P. 
B. 
M. 
M. 
M. 
B. 
B. 
B. 
P. 
Un. 
P. 
M. 



Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev, 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev, 
Rev, 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev. 
Rev, 



Names. 
Reuben Post, . 
R. R. Gurley, . 
Reuben Post, . 
W. Hammett, . 
T. H. Stockton, 
E. D. Smith, . 
T. H. Stockton, 
O. C. Comstock, 
S. Tustin, . . 
L. R. Reese, 
Joshua Bates, . 
T. W. Braxton, 
J. W. French, . 
J. N. Maffit, . 
J. S. Tiffany, . 
J. S. Tinsley, . 
W. M. Daily, . 
W. H. Milburn, 
W. S. S. Sprole, 
R. R. Gurley, . 
L. F. Morgan, . 



Church. 

. P. 

. P. 

. P. 

. M. 

. M. 

. P. 

. M. 

. B. 

. P. 

. M. 

. C. 

. B. 

. E. 

. M. 

. E. 

. B. 

. M. 

. M. 

. P. 

. P. 

. M. 



APPENDIX. 423 



Names. Church. Names. Church. 

Kev. James Gallagher, ... P. Kev. Daniel "Waldo, . . . . C. 

Kev. W. H. Milburn, . . . M. Kev. T. H. Stockton, . . . M. 

Eev. Daniel Waldo, . . . . C.. Kev. Mr. Chauncey, . . . U. 

Note. The Thirty-fifth Congress discontinued the usage of electing Chaplains, and 
extended an invitation to the Clergy of the District of Columbia to alternate in opening the 
daily sessions by prayer, and in preaching on the Sabbath ; which they continued to do 
until the Thirty-sixth Congress. 



SUCCESSIVE ADMINISTRATIONS. 

FIRST ADMINISTRATION— 1789 to 1797.— Eight Years. 

President— Gt'EOB.G^ Washington, Virginia. 

Vice-President — John Adams, Massachusetts. 

Secretaries of State* — Thomas Jeiferson, of Virginia, appointed September 26, 
1789; Edmund Kandolph, of Virginia, January 2, 1794; Timothy Pickering, of 
Massachusetts, December 10, 1795. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Alexander Hamilton, of New York, September 11, 
1789; Oliver Wolcott, of Connecticut, February 3, 1795. 

Secretaries of War and of the Navy\ — Henry Knox, of Massachusetts, September 
12, 1789; Timothy Pickering, of Massachusetts, January 2,1794; James Mc- 
Henry, of Maryland, January 27, 1796. 

Postmasters-General\ — Samuel Osgood, of Massachusetts, September 26, 1789 ; 
Timothy Pickering, of Massachusetts, November 7, 1791 ; Joseph Habersham, of 
Georgia, February 25, 1795. 

Attorneys-General — Edmund Kandolph, of Virginia, September 26, 1789, made 
Secretary of State, January 2, 1794 ; William Bradford, of Pennsylvania, January 
28, 1794; died. Charles Lee, of Virginia, December 10, 1795. 

SECOND ADMINISTRATION— 1797 to 1801.— Four Years. 

President — John Adams, Massachusetts. 

Vice-President. — Thomas Jefferson, Virginia. 

Secretaries of State. — Timothy Pickering, continued in office ; John Marshall, 
of Virginia, May 13, 1800, 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Oliver Wolcott, continued in office ; S. Dexter, of 
Massachusetts, December 31, 1800. 

Secretaries of War — James McHenry, continued in office ; S. Dexter, of Massa- 
chusetts, May 13, 1800; Koger Griswold, of Connecticut, February 3, 1801. 

Secretaries of the Navy — George Cabot, of Massachusetts, May 3, 1798, declined; 
Benjamin Stoddert, of Maryland, May 21, 1798. 

Posttnastei'-Goieral — Joseph Habersham, continued. 

Attorney-General — Charles Lee, continued. 

THIRD ADMINISTRATION— 1801 to 1809.— Eight Years. 

President — Thomas Jefferson, Virginia. 

Vice-Presidents — Aaron Burr, New York ; George Clinton, New York. 

Secretary of State — James Madison, of Virginia, March 5, 1801. 

* The Department of State was created by the Act of September 15, 1789, previously to 
which, by Act of July 27, 1789, it was denominated the Department of Foreign Affairs. 

t The War Department, as created by Act of Congress of August 7, 1789, had also the 
superintendence of Naval Affairs. A separation took place in April, 1798, when a Navy. 
Department was established. 

X From the organization of the Government down to the year 1829 the Postmasters-Sene-- 
ral were not recognized as members of the Cabinet, but are herein printed as such for the 
sake of uniformity. 



« 
424 APPENDIX. 



Secretaries of the Treasury — S. Dexter, continued in office ; Albert Gallatin, of 
Pennsylvania, January 26, 1802. 

Secretary of War — Henry Dearborn, of Massachusetts, March 4, 1801. 

Secretaries of the Navy — Benjamin Stoddert, continued in office; Eobert Smith, 
of Maryland, January 26, 1802 ; Jacob Crowninshield, of Massachusetts, March 
2, 1805. 

Postmasters-Qeneral — Joseph Habersham, continued in office ; G-ideon Granger, 
of Connecticut, January 26, 1802. 

Attorneys-General — Theophilus Parsons, of Massachusetts, February 20, 1801, 
declined ; Levi Lincoln, of Massachusetts, March 5, 1801 ; resigned in 1805. Eo- 
bert Smith, of Maryland, March 2, 1805 ; John Breckenridge, of Kentucky, De- 
cember 25, 1805 ; Caasar A. Kodney, of Pennsylvania, January 20, 1807. 

FOURTH ADMINISTRATION— 1809 to 1817.— Eight Years. 

President — James Madison, Virginia. 

Vice-Presidents — George Clinton, New York, Elbridge Gerrt, Massachu- 
setts. 

Secretaries of State — Eobert Smith, of Maryland, March 6, 1809; James Monroe, 
of Virginia, November 25, 1811. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Albert Gallatin, continued in office ; George W. 
Campbell, of Tennessee, February 9, 1814; Alexander J. Dallas, of Pennsylvania, 
October 6, 1814. 

Secretaries of War — William Eustis, of Massachusetts, March 7, 1809 ; John Arm- 
strong, of JSTevif York, January 19, 1813; James Monroe, of Virginia, September 
26, 1814 ; William H. Crawford, of Georgia, March 2, 1815. 

Secretaries of the Navy — Paul Hamilton, of South Carolina, March 7, 1809 ; Wil- 
liam Jones, of Pennsylvania, January 12, 1813; Benjamin W. Crowninshield, of 
Massachusetts, December 17, 1814. 

Postmasters-General — Gideon Granger, continued in office; E. J. Meigs, of Ohio, 
March 17, 1814. 

Attorneys-General — Caesar A. Eodney, continued in office ; William Pinkney, of 
Maryland, December 11, 1811 ; Eichard Eush, February 10, 1814. 

FIFTH ADMINISTRATION— 1817 to 1825.— Eight Yeaes. 

President — James Monroe, Virginia. 

Vice-President — Daniel D. Tompkins, New York. 

Secretary of State — John Q. Adams, of Massachusetts, March 3, 1817. 

Secretary of the Treasury — William H. Crawford, of Georgia, March 5, 1817. 

Secretaries of War — Isaac Shelby, of Kentucky, March 5, 1817, declined the 
appointment; John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, December 16, 1817. 

Secretaries of the Navy — Benjamin W. Crowninshield, continued in office; Smith 
Thompson, of New York, November 30, 1818; Samuel L. Southard, of New Jer- 
sey, December 9, 1823. 

Postmasters-General — Eeturn J. Meigs, continued in office ; John McLean, of 
Ohio, December 9, 1823. 

Attorney-General — William Wirt, of Virginia, December 15, 1817. 

SIXTH ADMINISTRATION— 1824 to 1829.— Four Years. 

President — John Quinct Adams, Massachusetts. 
Vice-President — John C. Calhoun, South Carolina. 
Secretary of State — Henry Clay, of Kentucky, March 8, 1825. 
Secretary of the Treasury — Eichard Eush, of Pennsylvania, March 7, 1825. 
Secretaries of War — James Barbour, of Virginia, March 7, 1825 ; Peter B. Por- 
ter, of New York, May 26, 1828. 

Secretary of the Navy — Samuel L. Southard, continued in office. 
Postmaster- General — John McLean, continued in office. 
Attorney-General — William Wirt, continued in office. 



APPENDIX. 425 



SEVENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1829 to 1837.— Eight Years. 

President — Andrew Jackson, Tennessee, 

Vice-Presidents — John C. Calhoun, South Carolina ; Martin Van Buren, 
New York. 

Secretaries of State — Martin Van Buren, of New York, March 6, 1829 ; Edward 
Livingston, of Louisiana, 1831 ; Louis McLane, of Delaware, 1833 ; John For- 
syth, of Georgia, 1834. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Samuel D. Ingham, of Pennsylvania, March 6, 
1829; Louis McLane, of Delaware, 1831; William J. Duane, of Pennsylvania, 
1833; Roger B. Taney, of Maryland, 1833 (not confirmed by the Senate) ; Levi 
Woodbury, of New Hampshire, 1834. 

Secretaries of War — John H. Eaton, of Tennessee, March 9, 1829 ; Lewis Cass, 
of Ohio, 1831. 

Secretaries of the Navy — John Branch, of North Carolina, March 9, 1829 ; Levi 
Woodbury, of New Hampshire, 1831 ; Mahlon Dickerson, of New Jersey, 1834. 

Postmasters-General — William T. Barry,* of Kentucky, March 9, 1829; Amos 
Kendall, of Kentucky, 1835. 

Attorneys- General — John M. Berrien, of Georgia, March 9, 1829; Eoger B. 
Taney, of Maryland, December 27, 1831 ; Benjamin F. Butler, of New York, 
June 24, 1834. 

EIGHTH ADMINISTRATION— 1837 to 1841.— Four Years. 

President — Martin Van Buren, New York. 

Vice-President — Richard M. Johnson, Kentucky. 

Secretary of State — John Forsyth, June 27, 1834. 

Secretary of the Treasury — Levi Woodbury, June 27, 1834. 

Secretary of TFar— Joel R. Poinsett, March 7, 1837. 

Secretaries of the Navy — Mahlon Dickerson, June 30, 1834 ; James K. Paulding, 
June 30, 1838. 

Postmasters- General — Amos Kendall, May 1, 1835; John M. Niles, May 25, 
1840. 

Attorneys- Genei'al — Felix Grundy, of Tennessee, September 1, 1838; Henry D. 
Gilpn, of Pennsylvania, January 10, 1840. 

NINTH ADMINISTRATION.— 1841 to 1845— Four Years. 

• 

President — General William Henry Harrison, Ohio. Died April 4, 1841. 

Vice-President — John Tyler, Virginia. 

President — John Tyler, Virginia (from April 4, 1841). 

Secretaries of State — Daniel Webster, March 5, 1841 ; Hugh S. Legar^, May 9, 
1843, died June 20, 1843 ; Abel P. Upshur, June 24, 1843, died February 28, 1844; 
John Nelson, acting, February 29, 1844 ; John C. Calhoun, March 6, 1844. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Thomas Ewing, March 5, 1841 ; Walter Forward, 
September 13, 1841 ; George M. Bibb, JunelS, 1844. 

Secretaries of War — John Bell, March 5, 1841 ; John C. Spencer, October 12, 
1841, transferred to Treasury Department ; James M. Porter, March 8, 1843, re- 
jected by the Senate; William Wilkins, February 15, 1844. 

Secretai'ies of the Navy — George E. Badger, March 5, 1841 ; Abel P. Upshur, 
September 13, 1841, transferred to Department of State; David Henshaw, July 
24, 1843, rejected by the Senate; Thomas W. Gilmer, February 15, 1844, died Fe- 
bruary 28, 1844; John Y. Mason, March 14, 1844. 

Postmasters-General — Francis Granger, March 6, 1841 ; Charles A. Wickliffe, 
September 13, 1841. 

* Before the accession of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency, the Postmaster-General was 
looked upon as the head of a bureau, but President Jackson invited Mr. Barry to a seat in 
his cabinet meetings, since which time the head of the Post-ofRce Department has been con- 
sidered a regular member of the cabinet. 

28 



426 APPENDIX. 



Attorneys-Gejieral — John J. Crittenden, of Kentucky, March 5, 1841 ; Hugh S. 
Legar6, of South Carolina, September 18, 1841, died; John Nelson, of Maryland, 
January 2, 1844. 

TENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1845 to 1849.— Four Years. 

President — James Knox Polk, Tennessee. 

Vice-Preside?it — George M. Dallas, Pennsylvania. 

See7'etary of State — James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, March 5, 1845. 

Secretary of the Treasury — Kobert J. Walker, of Mississippi, March 5, 1845. 

Secretary of War — William L. Marcy, of New York, March 5, 1845. 

Secretary of the Navy — George Bancroft, of Massachusetts, March, 1845 ; John 
Y. Mason, of Virginia, in 1846. 

Postmaster-General — Cave Johnson, "of Tennessee, March 5, 1845. 

Attorneys-General — John Y. Mason, of Virginia, March 5, 1845 ; Nathan Clif- 
ford, of Maine, December 23, 1846; Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut, June 21, 1848. 

ELEVENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1849 to 1853.— Four Years. 

President — Zachaky Taylor, Louisiana. Died July 9, 1850. 

Vice-President — Millard Fillmore, New York. 

President — Millard Fillmore, New York. Succeeded Zachary Taylor, on 
his death, July 9, 1850. 

Secretaries of State — John M. Clayton, of Delaware, March 7, 1849 ; Daniel 
Webster, of Massachusetts, July 20, 1850, died October 24, 1852 ; Edward Eve- 
rett, of Massachusetts, November, 1852. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — William M. Meredith, of Pennsylvania, March 7, 
1849 ; Thomas Corwin, of Ohio, July 20, 1850. 

Secretaries of War — George W. Crawford, of Georgia, March 7, 1849 ; Charles 
M. Conrad, of Louisiana, August 15, 1850. 

Secretaries of the Navy — William B. Preston, of Virginia, March 7, 1849 ; Wil- 
liam A. Graham, of North Carolina, July 20, 1850 ; John P. Kennedy, of Mary- 
land, in 1852. 

Secretaries of the Interior — Thomas Ewing, of Ohio, March 7, 1849; Alexander 
H. H. Stuart, of Virginia, September 12, 1850. # 

Postmasters-General — Jacob Collamer, of Vermont, March 7, 1849 ; Nathan K. 
Hall, of New York, July 20, 1850 ; Samuel D. Hubbard, of Connecticut, 1852. 

Atto7'neys-General—ReYQvdL'y Johnson, of Marylan(L March 7, 1849 ; John J. 
Crittenden, of Kentucky, July 20, 1850. 

TWELFTH ADMINISTRATION— 1853 to 1857.— Four Years. 

President — Franklin Pierce, New Hampshire. 
Vice-President — William E. King, Alabama. Died April 18, 1853. 
Secretary of State — -William L. Marcy, of New York, March 7, 1853. 
Secretary of the Treasury — James Guthrie, of Kentucky, March 7, 1853. 
Secretary of War — Jeiferson Davis, of Mississippi, March 7, 1853. 
Secretary of the Navy — James C. Dobbin, of North Carolina, March 7, 1853. 
Secretary of the Interior — Robert McClelland, of Michigan, March 7, 1853. 
Postmaster-General — James Campbell, of Pennsylvania, March 7, 1853. 
Attorney-General — Caleb Gushing, of Massachusettts, March 7, 1853. 

THIRTEENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1857 to 1861.— Pour Years. 

President — James Buchanan, Pennsylvania. 

Vice-President — John C. Breckinridge, Kentucky. 

Secretaries of State — Lewis Cass, of Michigan, March, 1857 ; Jeremiah S. Black, 
of Pennsylvania, December, 1860. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Howell Cobb, of Georgia, March, 1857 ; Philip F. 
Thomas, of Maryland, December, 1860 ; John A. Dix, of New York, January, 1861. 



APPENDIX. 427 



Secretaries of War — John B. Floyd, of Virginia, March, 1857 ; Joseph Holt, of 
Kentucky, December, 1860. 

Secretary of the Navy — Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut, March, 1857. 

Secretary of the Interior — Jacob Thompson, of Mississippi, March, 1857. 

Postinasters-General — Aaron V. Brown, of Tennessee, March, 1857, died ; Joseph 
Holt, of Kentucky, March, 1859. 

Attorneys-General — Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsylvania, March, 1857 ; Edwin 
M. Stanton, of Ohio, December, 1860. 

FOURTEENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1861 to 1865.— Four Years. 

President — Abraham Lincoln, Illinois. 

Vice-President — Hannibal Hamlin, Maine. 

Secretary of State — William H. Seward, of New York. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio; William P. Fessenden, of 
Maine. 

Secretaries of War — Simon Cameron, of Pennsylvania ; Edwin M. Stanton, of 
Ohio, 1861. 

Secretary of the Navy — Gideon Welles, of Connecticut. 

Secretaries of the Interior — Caleb B. Smith, of Indiana ; John P. Usher, of In- 
diana, 1863. 

Postmasters-General — Montgomery Blair, of Maryland j William Dennison, of 
Ohio. 

Attorney-General — Edward Bates, of Missouri. 



PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS. 

The election of the President and of the Vice-President, by Colleges of Electors, 
chosen in each State, was first proposed in the Convention for the formation of 
the Constitution, by James Wilson, a delegate from Pennsylvania. Itwasadopted 
after a prolonged discussion, and was regulated by an Act of Congress, of March 
1, 1792. The Electors must be chosen within thirty -four days preceding the first 
Wednesday of December of the year in which an election of President and Vice- 
President takes place. They must be equal in number to all the Senators and Re- 
presentatives in Congress, but no Senator or person holding an otfice of trust or 
profit under the United States can be appointed an Elector. The Electors were 
at first chosen in four difl'erent modes, viz. : by joint ballot of the State Legisla- 
ture, by a concurrent vote of the two branches of the State Legislature, by the 
people of the State, voting by general ticket, and by the people, voting in districts. 
This latter mode was evidently that which gave the fairest expression to public 
opinion, by approaching nearest to a direct vote. But those States which adopted 
it were placed at the disadvantage of being exposed to a division of their strength, 
and neutralization of their vote ; while the Electors chosen by either of the other 
methods voted in a body on one side or the other, thus making the voice of the 
State decisively felt. This consideration induced the leading States of Massachu- 
setts and of Virginia, which originally adopted the district system, to abandon it 
in 1800. 

An Act of Congress was approved January 23, 1845, to establish a uniform 
time for holding elections for Electors in all the States of the Union, whereby 
they are appointed in each State on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in the 
month of November of the year in which they are to be appointed. Each State 
may also hj law provide for the filling of any vacancy or vacancies which may 
occur in its College of Electors, when such College meets to give its electoral vote ; 
and when any State shall have held an election for the purpose of choosing Elec- 
tors, and shall fail to make a choice on the day aforesaid, then the Electors may 
be appointed on a subsequent day in such manner as the State shall by law provide. 

The Electors meet at the capitals of their respective States, on the first Wed- 
nesday of December, and vote by distinct ballots for President and ViccTPresi- 



428 



APPENDIX. 



dent, one of whom shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. 
They make lists of the number of votes given, and of the persons voted for, which 
they transmit sealed, by a special messenger, to the President of the Senate at 
Washington. 

The Senate and House of Eepresentatives, having met in convention on a day 
fixed, the President of the Senate opens all the certificates, and the votes are 
counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President is duly 
elected, if such a number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed. 
If no person have such a majority, then from the persons having the highest num- 
ber, not exceeding three, in the list of those voted for as President, the House of 
Eepresentatives shall choose immediately, and by ballot, the President. If the 
House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of 
choice devolves upon them, before the 4th of March next following, then the Vice- 
President shall act as President, as in the case of the death, or other constitutional 
disability of the Presidejit. 

Should the offices of President and Vice-President both become vacant, it then 
becomes the duty of the Secretary of State to communicate information thereof to 
the Executive of each State, and to cause the same to be published in at least one 
newspaper in every State, giving two months' previous notice that Electors of 
President shall be chosen or appointed in the several States, within thirty-four 
days next preceding the first Wednesday in December ensuing, when the choice 
of President must proceed as usual. 



FIRST PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. 

Geokge Washington was unanimously elected President, receiving 69 votes. 
John Adams was elected Vice-President, receiving 34 votes ; while John Jay had 
9 votes, Robert H. Harrison 6, John Rutledge 6, John Hancock 4, George Clin- 
ton 3, Samuel Huntington 2, James Armstrong 1, Edward Telfair 1, and Benja- 
min Lincoln 1. The Electors were : 



New Hampshire. 



Benjamin Bellows, 



1. John Pickering, 



Caleb Davis, 

1. Samuel Phillips, Jr., 

2. Walter Spooner, 

3. Erancis Dana, 



2. John Parker, 

Massachusetts, 

4. Moses Gill, 

5. Samuel Henshaw, 

6. William Cushing, 

Connecticut. 



Samuel Huntington, 
1. Oliver Wolcott, 3. Richard Law, 



Ebenezer Thompson. 
3. John Sullivan. 



David Sewall. 

7. William Sever, 

8. William Shepard. 



Erastus Wolcott. 

5. Matthew Griswold. 



2. Thaddeus Burr, 



4. Jedediah Huntington, 
New Jersey. 



David Brearley, 

1. James Kinsey, 3. 

2. John Rutherford, 



Edward Hand, 

1. George Gibson, 4. 

2. James O'Harra, 5. 

3. John Arndt, 6. 



John Neilson, 

Pennsylvania. 

David Grier, 
Collinson Read, 
Samuel Potts, 

Delaware. 



Gunning Bedford, 
I. John Baning. 



David Moore. 

4. Matthias Ogden. 



James Wilson. 

7. Lawrence Keene, 

8. Alexander Graydon. 



George Mitchell. 



APPENDIX. 



429 



John Rogers, 

1. George Plater, 

2. Robert Smith, 



Maryland. 

Philip Thomas. 

3. William Tilghman, 5. Alexander C. Hanson, 

4. William Richardson, 6. William Matthews. 



Virginia. 

Patrick Henry, 

1. John Pride, 4. Anthony Walke, 

2. Edward Stevens, 5. James Wood, 

3. Zachariah Johnston, 6. David Stuart, 

South Carolina. 
Christopher Gadsden, Edward Rutledge. 

1. Henry Laurens, 3. Charles C. Pinckney, - - - _ ~ 

2. Arthur Simkins, 4. Thomas Heyward, Jr. 



W. Tikhugh. 

7. John Harvie, 

8. John Roane. 



5. John F. Grimke. 



Georgia. 



George Handley, 
1. George Walton, 2. H. Osborne, 



John Wilson. 

3. John King. 



SECOND PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1793. 

George Washington was again unanimously elected President, receiving 132 
votes. John Adams was elected Vice-President, receiving 77 votes ; while 
George Clinton had 60 votes, Thomas Jeflerson 4, and Aaron Burr 1. The Elec- 
tors were : 

New Hampshire. 



Josiah Bartlett, 

1. John T. Gilman, 3. 

2. John Pickering, 



Benjamin Bellows. 
Jonathan Freeman, 4. Ebenezer Thompson. 



Massachusetts. 



Azor Orne, 

1. Samuel Holten, 

2. Ebenezer Mattson, Jr. 

3. Thomas Dawes, 

4. William Sever, 
6. Increase Sumner, 



6. Walter Spooner, 

, 7. Moses Gill, 

8. Solomon Freeman, 

9. William Shepard, 
10. Nathaniel Wells, 



Francis Dana. 

11. Thompson J. Skinner, 

12. Daniel Cony, 

13. Dwight Foster, 

14. Peleg Wads worth. 



Rhode Island. 

Arthur Fenner, 
1. George Champlin, 2. William Greene. 

Connecticut. 
Samuel Huntington, 

1. Oliver Wolcott, 4. Elijah Hubbard, 

2. Thomas Grosvenor, 5. Thomas Seymour, 

3. David Austin, 

Vermont. 
Samuel Hitchcock, 
1. Lot Hall, 2. Paul Brigham. 

New York 
Jesse Woodhull, 

1. Edward Savage, 5. William Floyd, 

2. Samuel Clark, 6. Volkert Veeder, 

3. Johannes Bruyn, 7. Abraham Ten Eyck, 

4. Abraham Yates, Jr., 



Samuel J. Potter. 



John Davenport, Jr. 

6. Sylvester Gilbert, 

7. Marvin Wait. 



Lemuel Chipman. 



David Van Ness. 

8. Stephen Ward, 

9. John Bay, 
10. Samuel Osgood. 



430 



APPENDIX. 



New Jejisey. 
Thomas H. Sanderson, Aaron D. Woodruff. 

1. Eichard Stockton, 3. Joseph Bloomfleld, 5. Franklin Davenport. 

2. John W. Vancleve, 4. Samuel Dick, 



Pennstltania. 
William Henry, 
1. Joseph Heister, 6. Kobert Johnston, 



2. Thomas Bull, 

3. Thomas McKean, 

4. Cornelius Coxe, 

5. Henry Miller, 

James Sykes, 
1. William Hill Wells. 



7. John Wilkins, Jr., 

8. John Boyd, 

9. David Stewart, 

Delavp^ake. 



Maryland. 



Eobert Coleman. 

10. James Morris, 

11. G-eorge Latimer, 

12. Kobert Hare, 

13. Hugh Lloyd. 



Gunnins; Bedford. 



Alexander C. Hanson, John Seney. 

1. John E. Howard, 4. William Smith,* 7. William Eichardson, 

2. Levin Winder, 5. Kichard Potts, 8. Donaldson Yates. 

3. Thomas Lee, 6. Samuel Hughes,* 



John Wise, 
1. Nathaniel Wilkinson, 8. 



2. John Early, 

3. William 6. Callis, 

4. Catesby Jones, 

5. Elias Langham, 

6. Daniel C. Brent, 

7. John Dawson, 



Stephen 

1. Alfred Moore, 

2. John Mocon, 

3. Joel Sane, 

4. E. D. Spaight, 



9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 



Virginia. 

Stephen T. Mason, 
John Eoane, Jr., 
Moses Hunter, 
James Murdough, 
Archibald Stuart, 
Michael Bailey, 

North Carolina. 



G-eorge Carrington. 

14. John Bowyer, 

15. Thomas Claiborne, 

16. Maxwell Armstrong. 

17. John Pride, 

18. Claiborne Watkins, 

19. Tarlton Woodson. 



5. Benjamin Smith, 

6. John M. Binford, 

7. Matthew Lock, 



John L. Taylor. 

8. Peter Dange, 

9. James Taylor, 
10. William Porter. 



South Carolina. 

Charles C. Pinckney, John Chestnut. 

1. Andrew Pickens, 3. John Barnwell, 5. Eobert Anderson, 

2. John Hunter, 4. Edward Eutledge, 6. John Julius Pringle. 

Georgia. 
Benjamin Taliaferro, 
1. John Xing. 2. Seaborn Jones. 

Kentucky. 
K. C. Anderson, 
1. Benjamin Logan, 2. Notley Conn. 



William Gibbons. 



Charles Scott. 



THIRD PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1797. 

John Adams was elected President, receiving the entire vote of New Hamp- 
shire, Massachusetts, Ehode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jer- 



* Not present. 



APPENDIX. 



431 



sey, and Delaware, with 10 scattering votes from other States, making 71 of the 
140 votes cast. Thomas Jefferson was elected Vice-President, having the next 
highest number of votes, 68 ; while Thomas Pinkney had 58, Aaron Burr 30, 
Samuel Adams 15, Oliver Ellsworth 11, George Clinton 7, John Jay 5, James Ire- 
dell 3, Samuel Johnston 2, George Washington 2, John Henry 2, Charles C. Pinck- 
ney 1. The Electors were : 

New Hampshire. 
John T. Gilman, Timothy Farrar. 

1. Oliver Peabody, 3. Benjamin Bellows, 4. Timothy Walker. 

2. Ebenezer Thompson, 



Vermont. 
Elijah Dewey, 
1. Elisha Sheldon, 2. Oliver Gallup. 

Massachusetts. 
William Sever, 

1. Samuel Holton, 6. Increase Sumner, 

2. Edward H. Bobbins, 

3. Elbridge Gerry, 

4. Ebenezer Mattoon, 

5. Samuel Phillips, 



Thomas Dawes, 

8. David Rosseter, 

9. Nathaniel Wells, 
10. Ebenezer Hunt, 



Ehode Island. 



Arthur Eenner, 



1. George Champlin, 2. William Greene. 

Connecticut. 
Oliver Wolcott,^ 

1. Jeremiah Wads worth, 4. William Hart, 

2. Heman Swift, 5. Elias Perkins, 

3. Elizur Goodrich, 

New York. 



Lewis Morris, 
Richard Thorne, 
Peter Cantine, Jr., 
A. Ten Broeck, 
Obijah Hammond, 



John Neilson, 

1. Aaron Ogden, 

2. John Blackwood, 



5. A. Van Vechten, 

6. William Root, 

7. Peter Smith, 

New Jersey. 

3. Jonathan Rhea, 

4. William Colefax, 



John Bridgman. 



Stephen Longfellow. 

11. Elisha May, 

12. Joseph Allen, 

13. Thomas Rice, 

14. Ebenezer Bacon. 



Samuel J. Potter. 



Jonathan Trumbull. 

6. Jesse Root, 

7. Jonathan Sturges. 



\. Van Rensselaer. 

8. St. John Honeywood, 

9. Charles Newkirk, 
10. Johannes Miller. 



Caleb Newbold. 

5. Elisha Lawrence. 



Thomas McKean, 

1. James Boyd, 6. 

2. Joseph Heister, 7. 

3. William Brown, 8. 

4. John Piper, 9. 

5. John Whitehill, 

Thomas Robinson, 
1. Richard Bassett. 

Maryland. 
John R. Plater, 

1. Francis Deakins, 4. John Roberts, 

2. John Gilpin, 5. John Lynn, 

3. George Murdock, 6. John Eccleston, 



Pennsylvania. 

William Irvine, 
Peter Muhlenberg, 
Robert Coleman, 
Abraham Smith, 

Delaware. 



John Smilie. 

10. Samuel Miles, 

11. Jacob Morgan, 

12. William Maclay, 

13. James Hanna. 



Isaac Cooper. 



John Archer. 

7. Gabriel Duvall, 

8. John Done. 



432 



APPENDIX. 



William Nimmo, 

1. Nathaniel Wilkinson, : 

2. David Saunders, 

3. John Taylor, 

4. Catesby Jones, 

5. Wilson C. Nicolas, 

6. D. Carroll Brent, 

7. William Madison, 



Virginia. 

Levin Powell, 
9. Benjamin Temple, 

10. Moses Hunter, 

11. Josiah Kiddick, 

12. Archibald Stuart, 

13. John Mason, 

North Carolina. 



William Terry. 

14. John Bowyer, 

15. Kobert Walker, 

16. John Brown, 

17. George Markham, 

18. Eobert Crockett, 

19. Peter Johnson. 



6. John Hamilton, 

7. William Martin, 



James Martin, 

1. Gabriel Kaysdale, 5. James Bradley, 

2. John Gray Blout, ~ " ~ 

3. John Hamilton, 

4. William Edmunds, 

SoTTTH Carolina. 
Edward Eutledge, 

1. Andrew Pickens, 3. John Chesnut, 

2. William Thomas, 4. John Mathews, 

Georgia. 
James Jackson, 
1. Edward Telfair, 2. William Barnett. 

Kentucky. 
Stephen Ormsby, 
1. Isaac Shelby, 2. John Coburn. 



Kichard D. Spaight. 

8. Evan Alexander, 

9. Anthony Brown, 
10. Sterling Harwell. 



Arthur Simkins. 

5. Thomas Taylor, 

6. John Eutledge, Jr. 



Charles Abercombie. 



Tennessee. 



Daniel Smith, 
1. Joseph Greer. 



Caleb Wallace. 



Hugh Neilson. 



FOURTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1801. 

Thomas jErrERSON and Aaron Burr having each received 73 of the 128 elec- 
toral votes cast, the choice devolved upon the House of Eepresentatives. The 73 
votes comprised all from the States of New York, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, 
South Carolina, and Georgia, with 8 from Pennsylvania, 5 from Maryland, and 
8 from North Carolina. John Adams had 65 votes, Charles C. Pinckney 64, and 
John Jay 1. The Electors were : 

New Hampshire. 
Oliver Peabody, Benjamin Bellows. 

1. John Prentice, 3. Ebenezer Thompson, 4. Arthur Livermore. 

2. Timothy Farrar, 

Vermont. 
Elijah Dewey, Eoswell Hopkins. 

1. Jonathan Hunt, 2. William Chamberlain. 



Samuel Philips, 

1. E. H. Bobbins, 

2. Samuel Sewall, 

3. David Kosseter, 

4. Theophilus Bradbury, 

5. Ebenezer Hunt, 



Massachusetts. 



6. John Hooker, 

7. Walter Spooner, 

8. Joseph Allen, 

9. William Sever, 
10. S. S. Wilde, 



Khode Island. 
George Champlin, 
1. Edward Manton, 2. William Greene. 



Francis Dana. 

11. William Baylies, 

12. Lemuel Weeks, 

13. Thomas Dawes, 

14. Andrew P. Eernald. 



Oliver Davis. 



APPENDIX. 



433 



Connecticut. 
Jonathan Trumbull, ^ 

1. John Treadwell, 4. Matthew Griswold, 

2. Tapping Eeeve, 5. Jonathan Sturges, 

3. Jesse Root, 

New York. 
Isaac Ledyard, 

1. Anthony Lispenard, 

2. Eobert Ellis, 

3. P. Van Cortlandt, Jr., 7. Gilbert Livingston, 

4. John Woodworth, 

New Jersey. 



5. James Burt, 

6. J. Van Rensselaer, 



Jonathan Ingersoll. 

6. J. 0. Moseley, 

7. Stephen M. Mitchell. 



Peter Van Ness. 

8. Jacob Eaker, 

9. Thomas Jenkins, 
10. William Floyd. 



Isaac Smith, 

1. Thomas Sinnickson, 

2. M. Williamson, Jr., 



3. Richard Stockton, 

4. William Griffith, 



Samuel S. Smith. 

5. Joshua L. Howell. 



Frederick Kuhn, 
1: James Armstrong, 6. 

2. John Kean, 7. 

3. George Ege, 8. 

4. Jonas Hartzell, 9. 

5. John Hubley, 

Kensey Johns, 
1. Samuel White. 



Edmund Plowden, 

1. George Murdock, 4. 

2. John Gilpin, 5. 

3. Martin Kershner, 6. 



George Wythe, 

1. William Newsum, 

2. Richard Brent, 

3. William H. Cabell, 

4. William Ellzey, 

5. James Madison, Jr., 

6. John Brown, 

7. John Page, 



Pennsylvania. 

Gabriel Heister, 
William Hall, 
Presly Carr Lane, 
Samuel W. Fisher, 

Delaware. 



Samuel Wetherill. 

10. N. B. Boileau, 

11. James Crawford, Sr. 

12. Isaac Van Horn, 

13. Robert Whitehill. 



Nathaniel Mitchell. 



William Tate, 

1. Joseph Winston, 

2. William Martin, 

3. Absalom Tatom, 

4. Bryan Whitfield, 

John Hunter, 

1. Paul Hamilton, 

2. Andrew Love, 



Maryland. 

Francis Deakins. 
Perry Spencer, 7. Nicholas B. Moore, 

Gabriel Duvall, 8. Littleton Dennis. 

William M. Robertson, 

Virginia. 

John Preston, 
Thomas Newton, 
Hugh Holmes, 
Joseph Jones, 
Archibald Stuart, 
William B. Giles, 

North Carolina. 

Spruce Macay, 
Nathan Mayo, 
Joseph Taylor, 

South Carolina. 

Robert Anderson, 
Joseph Blyth, 



Walter Jones. 

14. John Shore, 

15. Creed Taylor, 

16. John Bowyer, 

17. Thomas Reade, Sr. 

18. Daniel Coleman, 

19. George Penn. 



Thomas Brown. 

8. Thomas Wynns, 

9. Gideon Alston, 
10. John Hamilton. 



Arthur Simkins. 

5. Theodore Gaillard, 

6. Wade Hampton. 



Georgia . 
John Morrison, Henry Graybill. 

1. Dennis Smelt, 2. David Blackshear. 



Kentucky. 
John Coburn, 
1. John Pope, 2. Isaac Shelby. 



Charles Scott. 



434 



APPENDIX. 



Tennessee. 



Daniel Smith, 
John Locke. 



Kobert Love. 



The House of Eepresentatives, on which devolved the choice between Jefferson 
and Burr, voted to commence balloting on Wednesday, the eleventh day of Feb- 
ruary, to attend to no other business while the election was pending, and not to 
adjourn until a choice was effected. Seats were provided upon the floor for the 
President and the Senators, but during the act of balloting the galleries were 
cleared of spectators, and the doors were closed. Upon the first ballot, New York, 
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, and 
Tennessee (8), voted for Thomas Jefferson; New Hampshire, Massachusetts, 
Khode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, and South Carolina (6), voted for Aaron 
Burr ; and the votes of Vermont and Maryland (the representatives of which were 
divided) were given blank. The balloting was continued, and the House re- 
mained in session, nominally without adjournment, for seven days, during which 
one hundred and four members were present. Some of them were so infirm or 
indisposed that it was necessary to provide beds for them, and one member, who 
was quite ill, was attended by his wife. On the thirty-sixth ballot, which was 
taken on the afternoon of the seventeenth, the votes of Delaware and South Caro- 
lina were given blank, while those of Vermont and Maryland were given to Mr. 
Jefferson, and elected him. The Vice-Presidency, of course, devolved upon Mr. 
Burr. 



FIFTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1805. 

Thomas Jeffekson was re-elected President, receiving 162 of the 176 votes east. 
This comprised the entire electoral vote of all the States, except Connecticut, 
Delaware, and Maryland ; the two first of which threw their full vote for Charles 
Cotesworth Pinckney, and the last gave nine votes for Mr. Jefferson and two for 
Mr. Pinckney. George Clinton was elected Vice-President by the same ma- 
jority and vote, Kufus King receiving fourteen votes. The Electors were: 



John Goddard, 

1. Levi Bartlet, 

2. George Aldrich, 



Josiah Wright, 

1. Samuel Shaw, 

2. William Hunter, 



New Hampshire. 

3. Timothy Walker, 

4. Jonathan Steele, 



Kobert Alcock. 

5. William Tarlton. 



Vermont. 
3. Ezra Butler, 



Nathaniel Niles. 

4. John Noyes. 



James Sullivan, 

1. Elbridge Gerry, 7. 

2. John Whiting, 8. 

3. James Bowdoin, 9. 

4. John Bacon, 10. 

5. John Hathorne, 11. 

6. William Heath, 12. 



Massachusetts. 

Timothy Newell. 
Thomas Kitteridge, 13. James Warren, 



Constant Taber, 
1. James Aldrich, 



John Woodman, 14. 

James Winthrop, 15. 

Charles Turner, 16. 

Edward Upham, 17. 
Thomas Fillebrown, 

Khode Island. 



John Parley, 
John Davis, 
Jonathan Smith, 
Josiah Deane. 



James Helme. 



2. Benjamin Kemington. 



Connecticut. 
Jonathan Trumbull, 

1. John Tread well, 4. Asher Miller, 

2. David Smith, 5. David Daggett, 

3. Oliver Ellsworth, 



Lewis B. Sturges. 

6. Sylvester Gilbert, 

7. Joshua Huntington. 



APPENDIX. 



435 



New York. 
Sylvester Dening, 

1. James Fairlie, 7. Ezra Thompson, 

2. Thomas Brooks, 8. Jonas Earl, 

3. Cornelius Bergen, 9. John Wood, 

4. Matthias B. Hildreth, 10. Joseph Ellicott, 

5. John Herring, 

6. William Floyd, 



John Cramer. 

13. Stephen Miller, 

14. Adam Comstock, 

15. Albert Pawling, 

16. Abraham Bancker, 

11. Conrad I. Elmendorff, 17. Isaac Sargent. 

12. Henry Quackinboss, 



Solomon Freligh, 

1. Alexander Car michael, 3. 

2. Moore Furman, 4. 



Charles Thomson, 

1. William Montgomery, 7 

2. John Bowman, 8 

3. Matthew Lawler, 

4. William Brown, 

5. Kobert McMullen, 

6. George Smith, 



New Jersey. 

Phineas Manning, 
Jacob Hufty, 

Pennsylvania. 



Thomas Newbold. 

5. William Eossell, 

6. Abijah Smith. 



William Brooke, 

8. Jacob Hostetter, 

9. Thomas Long, 

10. Jacob Bonnett, 

11. Francis Swaine, 

12. James Montgomery, 



Casper Shaffner, Jr. 

13. Henry Spering, 

14. John Minor, 

15. James Boyd, 

16. John Hamilton, 

17. Peter Frailey, 

18. Nathaniel Irish. 



Maxwell Bines, 
George Kennard. 



Delaware. 



Maryland. 

John Parnham, 

1. Joseph Wilkinson, 4. William Gleaves, 

2. John Gilpin, 5. Edward Johnson, 

3. John Johnson, 6. Perry Spencer, 



Virginia. 
Eichard Evers Lee, 
John Goodrich, 9. George Wythe, 



Thomas Bead, 

3. Edward Pegram, 

4. Creed Taylor, 

5. William H. Cabell, 

6. John Taliaferro, Jr., 

7. George Penn, 

8. Kichard Brent, 

Felix Walker, 

1. Peter Forney, 

2. Lemuel Sawyer, 

3. Joseph Williams, 

4. James Jones, 



10. 


Hugh Holmes, 


17. 


11. 


John Taylor, 


18. 


12. 


James Dailey, 


19. 


13. 


Larkin Smith, 


20. 


14. 


James Allen, 


21. 


15. 


John Minor, 


22. 



North Carolina. 

5. Montford Stokes, 

6. Beading Blount, 

7. Solomon Graves, 

8. Bryan Whitfield, 



Thomas Fisher. 



Tobias E. Stansbury. 

7. John Tyler, 

8. Ephraim K. Wilson, 

9. Frisby Tilghman. 



Richard Field. 

16. Archibald Stuart, 

17. William EUzey, 
James McFarlane, 
William Dudley, 
John Preston, 
Mann Page, 
William McKinley. 



Eobert Cochran. 
9. Joseph Taylor, 

10. Samuel Ashe, Sr., 

11. Joseph John Alston, 

12. Gideon Alston. 



John Blake, 

1. John Gaillard, 

2. Arthur Simkins, 

3. Thomas Taylor, 



South Carolina. 

4. William Hill, 

5. Joseph Blythe, 

6. James Miles, 



Samuel Warren. 

7. Joseph Calhoun, 

8. John Taylor. 



Edward Telfair, 

1. David Emanuel, 3. 

2. John Eutherford, 



Georgia. 



Henry Graybill, 



James B. Maxwell. 
4. David Cresswell. 



436 



APPENDIX. 



Kentucky. 
Charles Scott, 

1. John Coburn, 3. Hubbard Taylor, 

2. Ninian Edwards, 4. Joseph Lewis, 

Tennessee. 
David Deaderich, 
1. Eichard Mitchell, 2. George Ridley, 



Ohio. 



William Goforth, 
1. Nathaniel Massie. 



Isaac Shelby. 

5. William Irvine, 

6. William Roberts. 



William Martin. 
3. Robert Houston. 



James Pritchard. 



SIXTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1809. 

James Madison was elected President, having received the entire electoral 
vote of Vermont, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, 
and Ohio, and 13 of the 19 votes of New York, 9 of the 11 of Maryland, and 11 
of the 14 of North Carolina ; in all 122 of the 175 votes cast ; George Clinton 
received 6 votes of New York, and the balance (47) were given to Charles Cotes- 
worth Pinckney. George Clinton was elected Yice-President, receiving 113 
votes, while Rufus King had 47, James Madison 3, and James Monroe 3. The 
Electors were : 

New Hampshire. 
Jeremiah Smith, 

1. Oliver Peabody, 3. Samuel Hale, 

2. Benjamin West, 4. Jonathan Eranklin, 



Timothy Farrar. 

5. Robert Wallace. 



Israel Smith, 

1. Jonas Galusha, 

2. James Tarbox, 

Caleb Strong, 

1. Francis Dana, 

2. Ebenezer Warren, 

3. John Brooks, 

4. Samuel Tobey, 

5. Moses Brown, 

6. Joshua Thomas, 



Vermont. 
3. John White, 

Massachusetts. 

7. William Bartlett, 

8. Lemuel Williams, 

9. Ebenezer Bridge, 

10. Andrew Eernald, 

11. Benjamin Hey wood, 

12. Samuel Freeman, 



Samuel Shepardson. 
4. William Cahoon. 



Daniel Dewey. 

13. Josiah Stearns, 

14. Samuel S. Wilde, 

15. John Hooker, 

16. Jeremiah Bailey, 

17. John Barrett. 



Rhode Island. 
Thomas P. Ives, James Rhodes. 

1. C. Fowler, 2. Thomas Noyes. 

Connecticut. 
Jonathan Trumbull, 

1. John Treadwell, 4. Jesse Root, 

2. Stephen T. Hosmer, 5. Roger Griswold, 

3. David Daggett, 6. Frederick Wolcott, 



John Cotton Smith. 

7. Samuel W. Johnson. 



Ambrose Spencer, 

1. Henry Huntington, 7. 

2. Benjamin Mooers, 8. 

3. John W. Seaman, 9. 

4. Adam B. Vroman, 10. 

5. Henry Rutgers, 11. 

6. Thomas Shankland, 12. 



New York. 

John Garretson, 
William Hallock, 
Ebenezer White, 
Russel Atwater, 
Thomas Lawrence, 
Joseph Simonds, 



Henry Yates, Jr. 

13. James Tallmage, 

14. Hugh Jamison, 

15. Jonathan Rouse, 

16. Matthew Carpenter, 

17. Micajah Petit. 



APPENDIX. 



437 



James Mott, 

1. James Morgan, 3. 

2. Thomas Hendry, 4. 

Charles Thomson, 

1. Thomas Leiper, 7. 

2. James Cowden, 8. 

3. Michael Leib, 9. 

4. William "Wilson, 10. 

5. Joseph Ensjle, 11. 

6. Kobert Griffen, 12. 



James Booth, 
Nicholas Eidgely. 

John K. Plater, 
Robert Bowie, 
Thomas W. Veazey, 
Edward Johnson, 



New Jersey. 

Amos Harrison, 
George Burgin, 

Pennsylvania. 

William Eodman, 
Jacob Hostetter, 
Archibald Darrah, 
David Fullerton, 
Jacob Weygandt, 
Peter Kenimell, 

Delaware. 



Maryland. 

Eichard Tilghman, 
John Johnson, 



Benjamin Egbert. 

5. David Welsh, 

6. Abijah Smith. 



Adamson Tannehill. 

13. Joseph Lefevre, 

14. Joseph Huston, 

15. Gabriel Heister, Jr., 

16. William Montgomery, 

17. George Hartman, 

18. John McDowell. 



Daniel Eodney. 



Tobias E. Stanbury. 
7. John Tyler, 

Henry James Carroll, 



6. Earle Perry Spencer, 9. Nathaniel Rochester. 



Virginia. 
Joseph Goodwin, Sr., 
Edward Pegram, Sr., 9. Hugh Nelson, 



Eobert Nelson, 
Richard Field, 
Mann Page, 
Thomas Read, 
Richard Barnes, 
Joseph Eggleston, 
John T. Brooks, 

Francis Locke, 
Thomas Wynns, 
Kemp Plummer, 
Samuel Ashe, Sr., 
Joseph Taylor, 



Joseph Gist, 

1. John Wilson, 

2. Langdon Cheves, 

3. John McMonies, 



10. Hugh Holmes, 

11. George Penn, 

12. Osborn Sprigg, 

13. Philip N. Nicholas, 

14. James Allen, 

15. Spencer Roane, 

North Carolina. 

5. Murdock McKenzie, 

6. Peter Forney, 

7. Robert Love, 

8. James Rainey, 



Benjamin Harrison. 

16. Archibald Stuart, 

17. John Roane, 

18. Andrew Russell, 

19. Eobert Taylor, 

20. John Preston, 

21. Gustavus B. Horner, 

22. William McKinley. 



Eobert Cleveland. 
9. John Winslow, 

10. Joseph Eiddick, 

11. William Gaston, 

12. Henry I. Toole. 



John Eutherford, 

1. John Twiggs, 3. 

2. Christopher Clark, 

Samuel Hopkins, 

1. William Logan, 3. 

2. Eobert Trimble, 4. 



James Eobertson, 
1. William Martin, 2. 

Nathaniel Massie, 
1. Stephen Wood. 



South Carolina. 

Paul Hamilton, 
William Strother, 
Samuel Mays, 

Georgia. 

Henry Graybill, 

Kentucky. 

Matthew Walton, 
Hubbard Taylor, 

Tennessee. 

James Sevier, 

Ohio. 



Joseph Bellinger. 

7. William Zimmerman, 

8. William Eouse. 



David Meriwether. 

4. James E. Houston. 



Charles Scott. 

5. Eobert Ewing, 

6. Christopher Greenup. 



Joseph Greer. 

8. Baldwin Hale. 



Thomas McCune. 



438 



APPENDIX. 



SEVENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1813. 

James Madison was re-elected President, having received the entire electoral 
vote of Vermont, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, 
Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, and Louisiana, and 6 of the 11 votes of Maryland — 
in all 128 of the 217 votes cast; the balance (89) were given for De Witt Clinton, 
of New York. Elbridge Gerry was elected Vice-President, receiving 131 
votes ; while Jared Ingersoll had 86. The Electors were : 



New Hampshire. 



John Goddard, 



1. 


Oliver Peabody, 


3. 


Samuel Hale, 


2. 


Benjamin West, 

Nathaniel Niles 


4. 


Caleb Ellis, 
Vermokt. 


1. 


Noah Chittenden, 


' 3. 


William Slade, 


2. 


William A. Griswold, 
William Heath- 


4. 

) 


Elihu Luce, 

Massachttsetts. 


1. 


Harrison G. Otis, 


8. 


Nathaniel Goodwin, 


2. 


Joshua Thomas, 


9. 


John Walker, 


8. 


Nathan Dane, 


10. 


Samuel Parris, 


4. 


David Scudder, 


11. 


George Bliss, 


5. 


Jeremiah Nelson, 


12. 


Abiel Wood, 


6. 


Lathrop Lewis, 


13. 


Benjamin Heywood, 


7. 


Abraham Bigelow, 


14. 


Lemuel Paine, 



Timothy Earrar. 

5. Nathan Taylor, 

6. Jonathan Eranklin. 



Josiah Wright. 

5. John H. Andrus, 

6. Mark Eichards. 



John W. Hurlburt. 

15. Eleazer James, 

16. James McLellan, 

17. E. Williams, 

18. William Crosby, 

19. Isaac Maltby, 

20. Israel Thorndike. 



Khode Island. 
Christopher Eowler, William Ehodes. 

Samuel G. Arnold, 2. Ephraim Bowen. 



CONNECTICITT. 

Daniel Putnam. 
Stephen T. Hosmer, 6. Jonathan Barnes, 
Calvin Goddard, 7. S. B. Sherwood. 



Nathaniel Terry, 
Theodore Dwight, 4. 

James Gould, 5. 

David Daggett, 

Joseph C. Yates, 

Simeon De Witt, 10. 

Kobert Jenkins, 11. 

Archibald Mclntyre, 12. 

M. S. Van Dercook, 13. 

John C. Hodgeboom, 14. 

George Palmer, Jr., 15. 

G. S. Mumford, 16. 

James Hill, 17. 

J. Delamontagnie, 18. 

New Jersey. 
Matthew Whillden, William Griffith. 

William B. Ewing, 3. Franklin Davenport, 5. Jacob Losey, 
Elias Conover, 4. Andrew Howell, 6. William McGill. 



New York. 

William Kir by, 
P. Van Cortlandt, 
Henry Frey, 
John Chandler, 
Thomas H. Hubbard, 
Henry Huntington, 
John Russell, 
John Woodworth, 
James S. Kipp, 



David Van Ness. 

19. David Boyd, 

20. Jotham Jayne, 

21. Cornelius Bergen, 

22. Jonathan Stanley, Jr., 

23. Joseph Perine, 

24. William Burnet, 

25. Chauncey Belknap, 

26. George Eosecrantz, 

27. John Dill. 



Walter Franklin, 

1. David Mitchell, 9. 

2. David Fullerton, 10. 

3. Paul Cox, 11. 

4. Samuel Smyth, 12. 

5. Isaac Worrell, 13. 

6. Eobert Smith, 14. 

7. Michael Baker, 15. 

8. Nathaniel Mickler, 16. 



Pennsylvania. 

Joseph Engle, 
Chas. Shoemaker, Jr 
James Fulton, 
James Mitchell, 
Isaiah Davis, 
John Murray, 
John Whitehill, 
Clement Paine, 



Hugh Glasgow. 

17. Edward Crouch, 
,, 18. Joseph Eeed, 

19. Henry Allshouse, 

20. Alexander Dysart, 

21. James Stephenson, 

22. David Mead, 

23. Abia Minor. 



APPENDIX. 



439 



James L. Clayton, 
1. Benjamin Blakiston, 2. 



Delaware. 
Thomas Fisher. 



Maryland. 
Henry H. Chapman, 

1. Edward H. Calvert, 4. Thomas Worrell, 

2. Thomas W. Veazey, 5. John Stephen, 

3. Edward Johnson, 6. Edward Lloyd, 

Virginia. 
Kichard Henry Lee, 
1. Benjamin Harrison, 9. Matthew Cheatham, 



James Sykes. 



Tobias E. Stansbury. 

7. Henry Williams, 

8. Littleton Dennis, 

9. Daniel Kentch. 



2. Eobert Nelson, 

3. Edward Pegram, 

4. Mann Page, 

5. Richard Field, 

6. Walter Jones, 

7. Thomas Read, 

8. John T. Brooke, 



10. Hugh Holmes, 

11. William Armistead 

12. Daniel Morgan, 

13. Charles Yancey, 

14. Archibald Rutherford, 22. W. McKinley, 

15. George Penn, 23. Robert Taylor. 

16. Archibald Stuart, 



Gustavus B. Horner. 

17. W. G. Poindexter, 

18. Andrew Russell, 

19. Spencer Roane, 

20. Charles Taylor, 

21. Sthreshly Rennolds, 



North Carolina. 
William H. Murfree, 

1. Redar Ballard, 6. Montford Stokes, 

2. James Rainey, 7. 

3. James Bright, 8. 

4. Francis Locke, 9. 

5. Thomas D. King, 

South Carolina. 
James Campbell, 

1. John Johnson, 4. William Smith, 

2. John McCreary, 5. William Caldwell, 

3. Andrew Pickens, 6. William Alston, 



James W. Clarke, 
Joseph Uniston, 
H. G. Burton, 



Daniel Stewart, 

1. Henry Graybill, 3. 

2. Oliver Porter, 4. 



Robert Ewing, 

1. William Casey, 5. 

2. Robert Mosby, 6. 

3. Samuel Murrell, 7. 

4. Hubbard Taylor, 

E. K. Dulany, 

1. Henry Bradford, 3. 

2. Thomas Washington, 4. 



John Jones, 

1. Matthias Corwin, 3. 

2. D.Abbott (not present), 4. 



Julien Poydras, 
1. Philemon Thomas. 



Georgia. 

Charles Harris, 
Henry Mitchell, 

Kentucky. 

Samuel Caldwell, 
Duval Payne, 
Richard Taylor, 

Tennessee. 

James Trimble, 
David McEwen, 

Ohio. 

David Purviance, 
Thomas Ijams, 

Louisiana. 



James Mebane. 

10. Jonathan Hampton, 

11. Thomas Davis, 

12. Henry Massey, 

13. Kemp Plummer. 



Reuben Starke. 

7. Samuel Johnson, 

8. Richard Singleton, 

9. Sampson Butler. 



John Twiggs. 

5. John Rutherford, 

6. John Howard. 



William Irvine. 

8. Walker Baylor, 

9. William Logan, 
10. T. D. Owings. 



William Trigg. 

5. James McCampbell, 

6. Thomas Johnson. 



James Pritchard. 

5. James Dunlap, 

6. John Hamm. 



Stephen A. Hopkins. 



440 



APPENDIX. 



EIGHTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1817. 

James Monkoe was elected President, having received the entire electoral vote 
of every State except Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Delaware — in all 183 of the 
217 votes cast ; the remaining 34 being given for Kufus King. Daniel D. Tomp- 
kins was elected Vice-President, receiving 183 votes; while John E. Howard had 
22 votes, James Koss 5, John Marshall 4, and Robert G. Harper 3. The Electors 



New Hampshire. 

Thomas Manning, 

1. Benjamin Butler, 3. "William Badger, 

2. Jacob Tuttle, 4. Thomas C. Drew, 



Richard H. Ayer. 

5. Amos Cogswell, 

6. Dan Young. 



J. Robinson, 

1. Apollos Austin, 

2. Asaph Fletcher, 



Vermont. 



3. Robert Holly, 

4. John H. Cotton, 



James Roberts. 

5. William Brayton, 

6. Isaiah Fisk. 



Massachusetts. 

Christopher Gore, 

1. Prentiss Mellen, 8. S. Longfellow, Jr., 

2. Jonas Kendall, 9. Joseph Locke, 

3. Israel Thorndike, 10. William Abbot, 

4. E. H. Bobbins, 11. Thomas Dwight, 

5. Benj. Pickman, Jr., 12. Timothy Boutelle, 

6. John Low, 13. Peter Bryant, 

7. David A. White, 14. Luther Carey, 



Bezabeel Taft. 

15. Daniel Howard, 

16. William Phillips, 

17. Wendell Davis, 

18. Josiah Stebbins, 

19. Seth Washburn, 

20. Thomas H. Perkins. 



Rhode Island. 

James Fenner, Edward Wilcox. 

1. Thomas Pitman, 2. Dutee Arnold. 



Connecticut. 

Jonathan Ingersoll, William Perkins. 

1. Nathaniel Terry, 4. Elijah Hubbard, 6. Asa Willey, 

2. Elisha Sterling, 5. Jirah Isham, 7. S. W. Johnson. 

3. Seth P. Staples, 



Henry Rutgers, 

1. Lemuel Chipman, 10. 

2. Artemvis Aldrich, 11. 

3. John W. Seaman, 12. 

4. Henry Becker, 13. 

5. Jacob Drake, 14. 

6. Aaron Searing,. 15. 

7. James Farlie, 16. 

8. Israel W. Clark, 17. 

9. Augustus Wright, 18. 



New York. 

Daniel Root, 
P. S. Van Orden, 
Montgomery Hunt 
J. W. Van Wyck, 
Nicholl Fosdick, 
J. D. Monell, 
E. Edmonds, 
John Blake, Jr., 
George Petit, 



Alexander McNish. 

19. Jacob Wertz, 

20. Richard Townley, 
, 21. Gabriel North, 

22. Samuel Lawrence, 

23. Charles E. Dudley, 

24. Nathaniel Rochester, 

25. Benjamin Smith, 

26. Worthy L. Churchel, 

27. Sariiuel Lewis. 



Lewis Moore, 

1. Aaron Kitchell, 

2. Daniel Garrison, 



New Jersey. 

3. David Welsh, 

4. William Rossell, 



Charles Ogden. 

5. John Crowell, 

6. Robert McNeeley. 



APPENDIX. 



441 



Paul Cox, 

1. David Mitchell, 

2. James "Wilson, 

3. John Geyer, 

4. Gabriel Heister, 

5. Daniel Bussier, 

6. James Meloy, 

7. John Conrad, 

8. James Banks, 



Pennsylvania. 

9. William Brooke, 

10. Kobert Clark, 

11. Isaac Anderson, 

12. Abiel Fellows, 

13. Matthew Koberts, 

14. David Marchand, 

15. John Mohler, 

16. Thomas Patterson, 



Delaware. 
Thomas Kobinson, 
1. Isaac Tunnell, 2. Nicholas Kidgely. 

Maryland. 
William D. Beall, 

1. Joseph Kent, 4. Benjamin Massy, 

2. William C. Miller, 5. John Stephen, 

3. Edward Johnson, 6. Thomas Ennalls, 



Virginia. 



George Newton, 

1. Charles H. Graves, 9. 

2. Hugh Holmes, 10. 

3. John Pegram, 11. 

4. Archibald Rutherford, 12. 
6. John Purnall, 13. 

6. Archibald Stuart, 14. 

7. Joseph C. Cabell, 15. 

8. Andrew Russell, 16. 



Robert Love, 

1. Jesse Franklin, 6. 

2. John Hall, 7. 

3. Peter Forney, 8. 

4. Thomas Wynns, 9. 

5. Francis Locke, 

William Garrett, 

1. Philemon Bradford, 4. 

2. Thomas Evans, 5. 

3. William McKeralls, 6. 



David Adams, 

1. John Mcintosh, 3. 

2. John Clark, 4. 



Duvall Payne, 

1. Hubbard Taylor, 5. 

2. William Logan, 6. 

3. Robert Trimble, 7. 

4. Alexander Adair, 

Alfred M. Carter, 

1. Joseph Hamilton, 3. 

2. M. McClanohan, 4. 



Charles Yancey, 
Charles Taylor, 
Spencer Roane, 
Robert B. Starke, 
Sthreshly Reynolds, 
William Archer, 
Robert Taylor, 
Benjamin Cook, 

North Carolina. 

Joseph Riddick, 
Abraham Phillips, 
James Hoskins, 
Alexander Gray, 

South Carolina. 

Thomas Lee, 
Frederick Nance, 
John L. Wilson, 

Georgia. 

Jared Irwin, 
John Rutherford, 

Kentucky. 

Thomas Bodley, 
Samuel Caldwell, 
Willis A. Lee, 



M. Fackenthal. 

17. John Harrison, 

18. Joseph Huston, 

19. Jacob Hostetter, 

20. Samuel Scott, 

21. John Rea, 

22. James Alexander, 

23. William Gilliland. 



Andrew Barratt. 



George Warner. 

7. John Buchanan, 

8. Littleton Dennis, 

9. Lawrence Brengle. 

John T. Brooke. 

17. Isaac Foster, 

18. Wm. Brockenbrough, 

19. Brazure W. Pryor, 

20. Daniel Morgan, 

21. William Jones, 

22. John Edie, 

23. William Lee Ball. 



Nathaniel Jones. 

10. Vine Allen, 

11. Joseph Pukett, 

12. Thomas D. King, 

13. Thomas Ruffin. 



James Duff". 

7. John Thomas, 

8. Joseph Reid, 

9. Richard B. Screven. 



Charles Harris. 

5. Henry Mitchell, 

6. David Meriwether. 



Richard Taylor. 

8. Samuel Murrell, 

9. William Irvine, 
10. Robert Ewing. 



Tennessee. 

Robert Allen. 
David Campbell, 5. Adam Huntsman, 

Samuel Buchanan, G. James Baxter. 

29 



442 



APPENDIX. 



Ohio. 

John G. Young, Abraham Shepherd. 

1. Aaron Wheeler, 3. John Patterson, 5. William Skinner, 

2. Othniel Looker, 4. Benjamin Haugh, 6. James Curry. 



Jesse L. Holman, 
1. Joseph Bartholomew. 

Garrigues Flanjac, 
1. John E. Grimes. 



Indiana. 



Louisiana. 



Thomas H. Blake. 



Squire Lea. 



NINTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1821. 

James Monroe was re-elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of 
every State (228) except New Hampshire, of which one vote was thrown for 
John Quincy Adams. Daniel D. Tompkins was elected Vice-President, receiv- 
ing 215 votes ; while Kichard Stockton had 8 votes, Daniel Rodney 4, Eobert G. 
Harper 1, and Richard Rush 1. The Electors were: 



William Plumer, 

1. David Bai'ker, 3. 

2. Nathaniel Shannon, 4. 



James Galusha, 

1. Gilbert Denison, 3. 

2. Daniel A. A. Buck, 4. 



New Hampshire. 

William Fisk, 
Ezra Bartlett, 

Vermont. 

Pliny Smith, 
Ezra Butler, 



John Pendexter. 

5. Samuel Dinsmoor, 

6. James Smith. 



William Slade, Jr. 

5. Aaron Leland, 

6. Timothy Stanley. 



Massachusetts. 

Seth Sprague. 
Ezra Starkweather, 10. John Davis, 
B. W. Crowninshield, 11. Samuel Dana, 
Wendell Davis, 12. Joseph Woodbridge, 

John Heard, 13. Ebenezer Mattoon. 



John Adams, 

1. William Phillips, 6. 

2. Thomas H. Blood, 7. 

3. William Gray, 8. 

4. Jonas Sibley, 9. 

5. Daniel Webster, 

Rhode Island. 
James Fanner, Robert F. Noyes. 

1. Dutee J. Pearce, 2. Dutee Arnold. 



Henry Seymour, 

1. Samuel Welles, 4. 

2. William Cogswell, 5. 

3. William Moseley, 

William Floyd, 

1. Henry Rutgers, 10. 

2. John Walworth, 11. 

3. Abel Huntington, 12. 

4. Daniel McDougall, 13. 

5. Edward Severich, 14. 

6. Seth Wetmore, 15. 

7. Isaac Lawrence, 16. 

8. Latham A. Burrows, 17. 

9. John Targee, 18. 



Connecticut. 

Isaiah Loomis. 
John Alsop, 6. S. W. Crawford, 

Ebenezer Brockway, 7. Samuel H. Phillips. 



New York. 

John 
Ferrand Stranahan, 19, 
Jacob Odell, 20, 

Henry Wager, 21 

Peter Waring, 22 

Elisha Harnham, 23, 

Edward P. Livingston, 24 
Jonathan Collins, 25. 

Peter Millikin, 26. 

Samuel NeJson, 27. 



Baker. 

, David Hammond, 
. Wm. B. Rochester, 
. Mark Spencer, 
. Charles Thompson, 
. Benjamin Knower, 
. Philetas Swift, 
. Gilbert Eddy, 
, James Brisban, 
, Howell Gardner. 



APPENDIX. 



443 









New Jersey. 






David Mills, 






Samuel L. Southard. 


1. 


John Wilson, 


3. 


John Crowell, 


5. Aaron Vansyckel, 


2. 


Joseph Budd, 

Thomas Leiper 


4. 


Isaiah Shinn, 
Pennsylvania. 


6. John L. Smith. 
James P. Sanderson. 


1. 


Paul Cox, 


9. 


Andrew Gilkerson, 


17. D. W. Dingman, 


^2. 


"William Clingan, 


10. 


George Plumer, 


18. Hugh Davis, 


3. 


Daniel Groves, 


11. 


John Hamilton, 


19. Gabriel Heister, 


4. 


George Barnitz, 


12. 


George Hebb, 


20. Patrick Farrelly, 


5. 


Chandler Price, 


13. 


James Kerr, 


21. John Todd, 


6. 


James Griffen, 


14. 


Andrew Sutton, 


22. Melchior Eahm (de- 


7. 


Pierce Crosby, 


15. 


William Mitchell, 


ceased). 


8. 


John Miley, 


16. 


Joseph Huston, 


23. Philip Benner. 



Delaware. 
Peter Kobinson, Nicholas Ridgely. 

1. John Clark, 2. Andrew Barratt. 



James Forrest, 

1. Robert W. Bowie, 4. 

2. John Forward, 5. 

3. John Stephen, 6. 



Maryland. 

William E. Stuart, 
A. McKim, 
John Boon, 

Virginia. 



Elias Brown. 

7. William Gabby, 

8. Joshua Prideaux, 

9. Michael C. Sprigg. 



William C. Holt, 

1. Charles H. Graves, 9. 

2. Eobert Shields, 10. 

3. John Pegram, 11. 

4. William Jones, 12. 
6. E. B. Stark, 13. 

6. John Taliaferro, 14. 

7. John Purnall, 15. 

8. John T. Brook, 16. 



Thomas Brown. 

17. W. Breckenbrough, 

18. Andrew Eussell, 

19. Aruiistead Hoomes, 

20. Samuel Blackburn, 

21. James Hunter, 



B. T. Arthur, 

Hugh Holmes, 

William C. Eives, 

W. Armstrong, Jr., 

Charles Yancey, 

Archibald Eutherford, 22. John Edie, 

Joseph Martin, 23. Eobert Taylor. 

Archibald Stuart, 



Eobert Love, 

1. Jesse Franklin, 6. 

2. John Hall, 7. 

3. Michael McLeary, 8. 

4. George Outlaw, 9. 

5. Francis Locke, 

Benjamin James, 

1. L. M. Ayer, 4. 

2. Isaac Smith, 5. 

3. John S. Glascock, 6. 



Oliver Porter, 

1. Henry Mitchell, 3. 

2. John Eutherford, 4. 



North Carolina. 

C. E. Johnson, 
Abraham Phillips, 
Lewis D. Wilson, 
Alexander Gray, 

South Carolina. 

John Dunovant, 
Matthew J. Kirth, 
Easha Cannon, 

Georgia. 

John Mcintosh, 
John Foster, 



Kentucky. 
Samuel Murrel, 

1. E. M. Ewing, 5. John E. King, 

2. Willis A. Lee, 6. Jesse Bledsoe, 

3. S. Caldwell, 7. John Pope, 

4. James Johnson, 



Kinborough Jones. 

10. H. J. G. Euffin, 

11. B. H. Covington, 

12. Thomas Kenan, 

13. James Mebane. 



Benjamin Eynalds. 

7. Benjamin Dickson, 

8. William A. Ball, 

9. Charles Miller. 



John Graves. 

5. David Meriwether, 

6. Benjamin Whitaker. 

Martin D. Hardin. 

8. Thomas Bodley, 

9. Eichard Taylor, 
10. Hubbard Taylor. 



444 



APPENDIX. 



Tennessee. 
A. M. Carter, 

1. J. Hamilton, Sr., 3. David Campbell, 

2. German Lester, 4. Henry Small, 

Missouri. 
William Shannon, 
1. William Christy. 

Maine. 
William Moody, 

1. Joshua Wingate, Jr., 4. Josiah Prescott, 

2. Joshua Gage, " 

3. Elisha Allen, 



Joseph Dickson. 
5. John J. White. 



John S. Brickey. 

Lemuel Trescott. 
6. Levi Hubbard, 
5. William Chadwick, 7. Samuel Tucker. 

Ohio. 

Jeremiah Morrow, James Caldwell. 

1. William H. Harrison, 3. Alexander Campbell, 5. Robert Lucas, 

2. James Kilbourne, 4. John McLaughlin, 6. Lewis Dille. 



Nathaniel Ewing, 
1. Daniel J. Caswell. 

James B. Moore, 
1. Michael Jones. 

John Scott, 
1. Henry Minor. 

Duncan Stewart, 
1. Theodore Stark. 

Philemon Thomas, 
L Daniel L. Todd. 



Indiana. 
Illinois. 

Alabama. 
Mississippi. 
Louisiana. 



John H. Thompson. 
A. P. Hubbard. 
George Phillips. 
Daniel Burnet. 
John E. Grymes. 



TENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1825. 

John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay 
were candidates, and the Electoral College not giving either of them the requisite 
majority (132 votes), the choice again devolved upon the House of Representatives, 
when Mr. Adams was elected. Andrew Jackson received the entire electoral 
vote of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, 
Indiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, 1 of the 36 votes of New York, 7 of the 11 
votes of Maryland, 8 of the 5 votes of Louisiana, and one of the 3 votes of Illinois. 
John Quincy Adams received the entire vote of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, 
Massachusetts, Ehode Island, and Connecticut, and 26 of the 36 votes of New 
York, 1 of the 3 votes of Delaware, 3 of the 11 votes of Maryland, 2 of the 5 votes 
oi Louisiana, and 1 of the 3 votes of Illinois. William H. Crawford received the 
entire vote of Virginia and of Georgia, and 5 of the 36 votes of New York, 2 of 
the 3 votes of Delaware, and 1 of the 11 votes of Maryland. Henry Clay received 
the entire vote of Kentucky, Ohio, and Missouri, and 4 of the 36 votes of New 
York. JohnC. Calhoun was elected, Vice-President, receiving 182 votes; while 
Nathan Sanford had 30 votes, Nathaniel Macon 24, Andrew Jackson 13, Martin 
Van Buren 9, and Henry Clay 2. The Electors were: 



Josiah Bartlett, 

1. William Badger, 

2. Caleb Eeith, 



New Hampshire. 

3. Samuel Quarles, 

4. Moses White, 



Abel Parker. 

5. William Fisk, 

6. Hall Burgin. 



APPENDIX. 



445 









Massachusetts. 






"William Gray, 






Oliver Smith. 


1. 


Levi Lincoln, 


6. 


John Endicot, 


10. Cornelius Grinnell, 


2. 


Enos Foot, 


7. 


Joseph Kettredge, 


11. Jonathan Davis, 


3. 


T. L. Winthrop, 


8. 


Thomas Weston, 


12. Hezekiah Barnard, 


4. 


William Walker, 


9. 


Augustus Tower, 


13. Edmund Cushing. 


5. 


N. Silsbee, 

Caleb Earle, 




Rhode Island. 


Elisha Watson. 


1. 


Stephen B. Cornell, 

Calvin Willey, 


2. 


Charles Eldridge. 
Connecticut. 


David Keys. 


1. 


Oliver Wolcott, 


3. 


Rufus Hitchcock, 


5. David Hill, 


2. 


John Swathel, 

Jonas Galusha, 


4. 


Lemuel White, 
Vermont. 


6. Moses Warren. 
John Mason. 


1. 


Titus Hutchinson, 


3. 


Joseph Burr, 


5. Jabez Proctor. 


2. 


Dan Carpenter, 


4. 


Asa Aldis, 

New York. 






Nathan Thomp 


son. 




William Townsend. 


1. 


Darius Bentley, 


13. 


Marinus Willett, 


24. Clark Crandall, 


2. 


Thomas Lawyer, 


14. 


Phineas Coon, 


25. Isaac Sutherland, 


3. 


Micah Brooks, 


15. 


Ebenezer Sage, 


26. I. Sutherland, 


4. 


E. B. Crandale, 


16. 


Azariah Smith, 


27. William Walsh, 


5. 


Pierre A. Barker, 


17. 


Richard Blanvelt, 


28. J. Lansing, Jr., 


6. 


Samuel Hicks, 


18. 


Eleazar Burnham, 


29. Alexander J. Coffin, 


7. 


Joseph Sibley, 


19. 


Abraham Stagg, 


30. Benjamin Bailey, 


8. 


Edward Savage, 


20. 


Solomon St. John, 


1 31. Benjamin Smith, 


9. 


Timothy H. Porter, 


21. 


John Drake, 


32. Samuel Smith, 


10. 


Benjamin Mooers, 


22. 


Elisha B. Strong, 


33. Elisha Dorr, 


11. 


Samuel Kussell, 


23. 


James Drake, 


34. Heman Cady. 


12. 


Chester Patterson, 

Peter Wilson, 




New Jersey. 


John Buck. 


1. 


Daniel Vliet, 


3. 


Jacob Kline, 


5. Joseph Kille, 


2. 


James Cook, 

Thomas Leiper 


4. 


James Parker, 
Pennsylvania. 


6. J. W. Scott. 
William Beatty. 


1. 


Cromwell Pearce, 


'lO. 


Abraham Addams, 


, 19. Adam King, 


2. 


Valentine Giesey, 


11. 


Joseph Engle, 


20. Philip Benner, 


3. 


Philip Peltz, 


12. 


Isaac Smith, 


21. John Rush, 


4. 


John Keed, 


13. 


John Pugh, 


22. Henry Scheetz, 


6. 


A. McCaraher, 


14. 


William Thomson 


, 23. Peter Adams, 


6. 


James Duncan, 


15. 


Adam Ritscher, 


24. Adam Light, 


7. 


Daniel ShetFer, 


16. 


Asa Mann, 


25. James Ankrim, 


8. 


John Boyd, 


17. 


Charles Kenny, 


26. James Murray. 


9. 


Daniel Kaul, 

John Caldwell, 


18. 


John Eogel, 
Delaware. 


Isaac Tunnell. 



1. Joseph G. Rowland. 

Henry Brawner, 

1. John C. Herbert, 

2. Thomas Hope, 

3. George Winchester, 



Maryland. 

William Brown. 

4. Samuel G. Osborn, 7. William Tyler, 

5. Dennis Claude, 8. Littleton Dennis, 

6. James Sangston, 9. Thomas Post. 



446 



APPENDIX. 



Virginia. 



William C. Holt, 

1. Charles H. Graves, 9. 

2. Ellison Currie, 10. 

3. John Cargill, 11. 

4. Kobert Taylor, 12. 

5. W. H. Brodnax, 13. 

6. Isaac Foster, 14. 

7. Joseph Wyatt, 15. 

8. Daniel Morgan, 



Montfort Stokes, 

1. Eobert Love, 6. 

2. William A. Blount, 7. 

3. Peter Forney, 8. 

4. William B. Lockhart, 9. 

5. Vine Allen, 

Eobert Clendinen, 

1. John K. Griifen, 4. 

2. William Garrett, 5. 

3. Angus Patterson, 6. 



James Jones, 
William Armstrong, 
Charles Yancey, 
Archibald Eutherford 
Joseph Martin, 
John Bowyer 



Elias Beall, 

1. Thomas Cumming, 

2. John Mcintosh, 

3. John Floyd, 



J. E. Underwood, 

1. John E. King, 5. 

2. Joseph Allen, 6. 

3. Alney McLean, 7. 

4. W. Moore, 8. 



John Ehea, 

1. T. A. Howard, 

2. Joseph Brown, 

3. W. E. Anderson, 



Eobert 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 



Thomas M. Eandolph, 22. 



Shield. 
James Hoge, 
W. Brockenbrough, 
Andrew Eussell, 
John T. Somax, 
Joseph H. Samuels, 
William Jones, 
William Marteney. 



North Carolina. 

William Martin. 
Edward B. Dudley, 10. Walter J. Leake, 
James Mebane, 11. William Drew, 

A. H. Shepperd, 12. John M. Morehead, 

John Giles, 13. Josiah Crudup. 

South Carolina. 

Evan Benbow. 
Eldred Simkins, 7. M. J. Keith, 

Joseph W. Alston, 8. Thomas Benson, 

William C. Pinckney, 9. William Laval. 



Georgia. 

John Eutherford, 
John Harden, 

Kentttcky. 

Young Ewing, 
Thomas Bodley, 
Benjamin Lecher, 
D. Payne, 

Tennessee. 



4. Joel Pinson, 

5. B. C. Stout, 

6. William Blout, 



W. H. Harrison, 

1. W. McFarland, 6. 

2. David Sloane, 7. 

3. Thomas Kirker, 8. 

4. Samuel Coulter, 9. 

5. James Heaton, 10. 



Ohio. 

S. Kingsbury, 
Henry Brown, 
Ebenezer Merry, 
E. Buckingham, 
James Cooley, 



Louisiana. 
William Nott, 
1. James H. Shepherd, 2. S. Heiriart, 

Missouri. 
David Todd, 
1. David Musick. 



William Matthews. 

6. William Terrell, 

7. Warren Jordan. 



Eichard Taylor. 

9. James Smiley, 

10. J. J. Crittenden, 

11. Joshua Fry, 

12. H. Taylor. 



William A. Sublett. 

7. William Mitchell, 

8. Eobert H. Dyer, 

9. Samuel Hogg. 



James Caldwell. 

11. William Kendall, 

12. James Steele, 

13. William Skinner, 

14. John Bigger. 



John B. Planche. 

3. Pierre Lacoste. 



James Logan. 



Indiana. 

Elias McNamee, John Carr. 

1. David Eobb, 2. Jonathan McCarty, 3. Samuel Milroy. 



APPENDIX. 



447 



Thomas Hinds, 
1. James Patton. 

William Harrison, 
1. Henry Eddy. 



Mississippi. 



Illinois. 



Alabama. 



Keuben SaflFord, 
1. Henry Chambers, 2. John Murphy, 



Bartlett C. Barry. 



Alexander P. Field. 



James Hill. 

3. William Fleming. 



Maine. 

James Campbell, 

1. Thomas Fillebrown, 4. Benjamin Chandler, 

2. James Parker, 5. Eev. Joshua Taylor, 

3. Nathaniel Hobbs, 



Lemuel Trescott. 

6. Benjamin Nourse, 

7. Stephen Parsons. 



The choice between Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and William H. 
Crawford, the three highest on the list of those voted for by the Electoral College 
for President, devolved on the House of Representatives. Twenty-four members, 
one from each State, were appointed Tellers, and they announced as the result of 
the first ballot : For John Quincy Adams: Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, 
Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, Maryland, Ohio, Kentucky, 
Illinois, Missouri, and Louisiana, — 13 States. For Andrew Jackson : New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Indiana, — 
7 States. For William H. Crawford : Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, and 
Georgia, — 4 States. The Speaker then declared that John Quincy Adams, 
having received a majority of the votes of all the States, was duly elected Pre- 
sident. 



ELEVENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1829. 



Andrew Jackson was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of 
Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, 
Tennessee,' Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, and Mis- 
souri, 1 of the 9 votes of Maine, 20 of the 86 votes of New York, and five of the 
11 votes of Maryland — 178 in all ; John Quincy Adams receiving the other 83 
electoral votes. John C. Calhoun was re-elected Vice-President, receiving 
171 votes ; while Eichard Eu.sh had 83 votes, and William Smith 7. The Elec- 
tors were: 



Maine. 
Thomas Fillebrown, John S. Kimball. 

Simon Nowell, 4. Levi Hubbard, 6. John Moore, 

Joseph Southwick, 5. James C. Churchill, 7. Ebenezer Farley. 

Joseph Prime, 



Jonas Galusha, 
Ezra Butler, 
Josiah Dana, 



Vermont. 

3. John Phelps, 

4. William Jarvis, 



Asa Aldis. 

5. ApoUos Austin. 



New Hampshire. 
George Sullivan, 

1. Samuel Quarles, 3. Nahum Parker, 

2. Thomas Woolson, 4. Ezra Bartlett, 



William Bixby. 

5. Samuel Sparhawk, 

6. William Lovejoy. 



448 



APPENDIX. 







Massachusetts. 






Thomas L. Wintlirop, 


Edmund Cushing. 


1. 


Samuel Lathrop, 


6. Samuel Jones, 


10. Oliver Starkweather, 


2. 


Eliel Frost, 


7. Baily Bartlett, 


11. Jonathan Davis, 


3. 


Jesse Putnam, 


8. E. H. Bobbins, 


12. Bradford Dimmick, 


4. 


John Gilbert, 


9. Nathan Chandler, 


13. Seth Sprague. 


5. 


Stephen White, 


Ehode Island. 






Caleb Earle, 




Elisha Watson. 


1. 


Stephen B. Cornell, 


2. Charles Elbridge. 
Connecticut. 






Sylvester Norton, 


Eoger Taintor. 


1. 


Eufus Hitchcock, 


3. Moses Warren, 


5. Charles Hawley, 


2. 


Homer Boardman, 


4. George Pratt, 
New York. 


6. W. E. Kibbee. 




Moses Eolph, 




Asaph Stow. 


1. 


John Garrison, 


13. Egbert Jansen, 


24. Augustus Chapman, 


2. 


A. D. W. Bruyn, 


14. A. Mclntyre, 


25. Thomas Blakeslee, 


3. 


Benjamin Bailey, 


15. John E. Eussell, 


26. Benjamin Cotton, 


4. 


John Lloyd, 


16. Salmon Childs, 


27. Freeborn G. Jewett, 


5. 


John Targee, 


17. Peter Pine, 


28. John Beall, 


6. 


Alexander Coflfin, 


18. Peter H. Myers, 


29. William Hildreth, 


7. 


Gilbert Coutant, 


19. J. C. Yates, 


80. John Taylor, 


8. 


Gilbert Eddy, 


20. James Campbell, 


31. James H. Guernsey, 


9. 


Jacob Odell, 


21. Elkanah Brush, 


32. Charles Day an. 


10. 


A. Van Vechten, 


22. Jesse Smith, 


33. Shubal Dunham, 


11. 


Morgan Lewis, 


23. Eufus Crane, 


34. Ebenezer Walden. 


12. 


E. B. Shearman, 


New Jersey. 






Theodore Frelinghuysen, 


J. J. Ely. 


1. 


A. Leaming, 


3. A. White, 


5. Gabriel Hoff, 


2. 


Abraham Brown, 


4. T. Elmer, 


6. C. Zabriskie. 



Pennsylvania. 



John B. Gibson, 

1. William Findlay, 10. 

2. Leonard Eupert, 11. 

3. Edward King, 12. 

4. Jacob Gearhart, 13. 

5. John Lisle, 14. 

6. George Barnitz, 15. 

7. Jacob Holgate, 16. 

8. Jacob Heyser, 17. 

9. Samuel Humes, Sr., 18. 



John Harper, 
JohnW. Cunningham 
John Scott, 
George G. Leiper, 
William Piper, 
Henry Scheetz, 
Valentine Giesey, 
Adam Eitscher, 
James Gordon, 



William Thompson. 

19. David Hottenstein, 

20. John M. Snowden, 

21. Peter Frailey, 

22. Eobert Scott, 

23. Francis Baird, 

24. Henry Allshouse, 

25. Henry Winters, 

26. James Duncan. 



Delaware. 

James Canby, David Hazard. 

1. John Adams. 

Maryland. 
William Fitzhugh, Jr., Benjamin F. Forrest. 

1. William Tyler, 4. Thomas Emory, 7. Elias Brown, 

2. James Sewell, 5. Benjamin C. Howard, 8. Littleton Dennis, 

3. John S. Sellman, 6. T. E. Lockerman, 9. Henry Brawner. 



APPENDIX. 



449 



William C. Holt, 

1. Wm. H. McFarland, 9. 

2. Ellyson Currie, 10. 

3. John Caro;ill, 11. 

4. John W. Green, 12. 

5. Thomas M. Nelson, 13. 

6. John Gibson, 14. 

7. Kichard Logan, 16. 

8. George Eust, 

Kobert Love, 

1. Montfort Stokes, 6. 

2. John Hall, 7. 

3. Peter Forney, 8. 

4. Joseph J. Williams, 9. 

5. John Giles, 

Sanders Glover, 

1. David K. Evans, 4. 

2. John McComb, 5. 

3. John Stewart, 6. 



John Kutherford, 

1. Kobert K. Reed, 4. 

2. John Moore,* 5. 

3. David Blackshear, 

Thomas Miller, 
1. Enoch Parsons, 2. 



Virginia. 

Robert McCandlish. 

James Jones, 16. John E. George, 

Jared Williams, 17. Wm. Brockenbrough, 

William Daniel, 18. Andrew Russell, 

Jacob D. Williamson, 19. Garret Minor, 

Joseph Martin, 20. Joel Shrewsbury, 

John Bowyer, 21. William Jones, 

William F. Gordon, 22. John McMillan. 

North Carolina. 

Josiah Crudup. 

Kedar Ballard, 10. R. D. Spaight, 

Abraham Phillips, 11. Walter F. Leake, 

Louis D. Wilson, 12. E. B. Dudley, 

John M. Morehead, 13. Willie P. Mangum. 



South Carolina. 

Arthur P. Hayne, 
David Sloan, 
Green B. Colmi, 

Georgia. 

William Terrell. 
Augustus S. Clayton, 6. John G. Maxwell, 



William Pope. 

7. William Johnston, 

8. Henry L. Pinckney, 

9. Wade Hampton, Jr. 



Solomon Graves, 



Alabama. 



7. Oliver Porter. 



John A. Elmore. 
Thomas D. Crabb, 3. William Y. Higgins. 



John Rhea, 

1. Samuel Bunch, 

2. Alfred Flournoy, 

3. Thomas McCorry, 



Miss:{ssiPPi. 
Joseph Dunbar, 
1. Wiley P. Harris. 

Louisiana. 
John B. Planche, Alexander Mouton. 

1. Thomas W. Scott, 2. Placide Bossier, 3. Trasimon Landry. 

Tennessee. 

4. Joseph Brown, 

5. Benjamin C. Stout. 

6. Willie Blount, 

Kentucky. 
Thomas S. Slaughter, 

1. Matthew Lyon, 5. Nathan Gaither, 

2. Benjamin Chapeze, 6. John Sterrett, 

3. Edmund Watkins, 7. Tunstall Quarles, 

4. John Younger, 8. Benjamin Taylor, 

Ohio. 
Ethan Allen Brown, 

1. George McCook, 6. George Sharp, 

2. John McElvain, 7. Henry Barrington, 

3. William Piatt, 8. Walter M. Blake, 

4. Samuel Herrick, 9. Thomas Gillespie, 

5. James Shields, 10. Benjamin Jones, 



William Downing. 



William A. Sublett. 

7. AndrewJ.Marchbanks, 

8. Adam R. Alexander, 

9. George Elliott. 



Reuben Munday. 

9. Robert J. Ward, 

10. Richard French, 

11. Tandy Allen, 

12. Thompson Ward. 



Robert Lucas. 

11. Thomas L. Hamer, 

12. William Hayne, 

13. Valentine Keffer, 

14. Husrh McFall. 



* John Moore declining to serve, Seaton Grantland was elected by the Legislature. 



450 



APPENDIX. 



Indiana. 
Benjamin V. Beckes, 
1. Jesse B. Durham, 2. William Lowe, 



Eatliff Boon. 

3. Eoss Smiley. 



John Taylor, 
1. Alexander M. Houston. 



John Bull, 
1. Benjamin 'Fallon. 



Illinois. 



MiSSOFKI. 



Eichard M. Young. 



Au2:ustus Jones. 



TWELFTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1833. 

Andrew Jackson was re-elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote 
of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, 
North Carolina, Georgia, i'ennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illi- 
nois, Alabama, and Missouri, with three of the eight votes of Maryland — 219. 
Henry Clay, of Kentucky, received the entire vote of Massachusetts, Ehode 
Island, Connecticut, Delaware, and Kentucky, with five of the eight votes of 
Maryland — 49 ; John Floyd received the entire vote of South Carolina — 11 ; and 
William Wirt the entire vote of Vermont — 7. Martin Van Btjren was elected 
Vice-President, receiving 189 votes ; while John Sergeant had 49 votes, William 
Wilkins had 30, Henry Lee had 11, and Amos Elmaker had 7. The Electors 
were : 



Nathan Cutler, 

1. Isaac Lane, 

2. Silas Barnard, 

3. J. C. Churchill, 



Maine. 

4. Elias Burgess, 

5. Joseph Sewall, 

6. Joseph Kelsey, 



Samuel Moore. 

7. Eowland H. Bridgham, 

8. E. Fletcher. 



Benjamin Peirce, 

1. Phineas Parkhurst, 3. 

2. Joseph Weeks, 4. 



James Tarbox, 

1. Nathan Leavenworth, 

2. John S. Pettibone, 



New Hampshire. 

Samuel Collins, 
Moses White, 

Vermont. 



John Holbrook. 

5. John Taylor. 



3. Ezra Butler, 

4. Augustus Clarke, 



Massachusetts. 
Charles Jackson, 

1. Thomas H. Perkins, 5. Ebenezer Moseley, 

2. James Byers, 6. James Eichardson, 

3. Gideon Barstow, 7. Nathan Brooks, 

4. Henry Shaw, 8. Jotham Lincoln, 

Ehode Island. 
Samuel Ward King, 
1. William Peckham, 2. Pel eg Wilbur. 



Amos Thompson. 

5. William Strong. 



E. Mattoon. 

9. Aaron Tufts, 

10. Cornelius Grinnell, 

11. Samuel Lee, 

12. Nymphas Marston. 



Nathaniel S. Euggles. 



Connecticut. 

Morris Woodruff, John D. Eeynolds. 

1. John Baldwin, 3. Eli Todd, 5. Erastus Sturges, 

2. Chester Smith, 4. Oliver H. King, 6. E. Jackson, Jr. 



APPENDIX. 



451 



New York. 
Edward P. Livingston, 

1. Nathaniel Garron, 15. Abraham Miller, 

2. Theophilus S. Morgan, 16. Darius Bentley, 



3. Moses Ralph, 

4. David Moulton, 

5. Kenry Waring, 

6. Ebenezer Wood, 

7. Gideon Lee, 

8. Peter Collier, 

9. John Targee, 

10. John Hyde, 

11. Preserved Pish, 

12. Thomas Humphrey, 

13. J. W. Hardenbrook, 

14. Joseph Reynolds, 



Daniel Vliet, 

1. Peter J. Terhune, 

2. John M. Perrine, 



17. William Taber, 

18. Samuel Payne, 

19. Samuel Hunter, 

20. G. Curtis, 

21. Peter Crispell, Jr., 

22. Seth Thomas, 

23. William Deitz, 

24. Jonas Seely, 

25. Samuel Anable, 

26. Oliver Phelps, 

27. James Woods, 



New Jersey. 

Joseph Rogers, 
James Newell, 



Amos Buck. 

28. Truman Spencer, 

29. John N. Quackenbush, 
80. Abel Baldwin, 

31. Daniel D. Campbell, 

32. James Sutherland, 

33. John Gale, 

34. Calvin T. Chamberlain, 

35. Dudley Parlin, 

36. Orris Crosby, 

37. James B. Spencer, 

38. M. A. Andrews, 

39. John S. Veeder, 

40. Asa Clark, Jr. 



Aaron Vansyckel. 

5. William Munroe, 

6. William L. Stiles. 



Samuel McKean, 

1. C. Garber, 11. 

2. William Swilland, 12. 

3. John T. Knight, 13. 

4. W. Brindle, 14. 

5. William Thomson, 15. 

6. Adam Light, 16. 

7. Edward King, 17. 

8. George Barnitz, 18. 

9. B. W. Richards, 19. 
10. D. Sheffer, 



Pennsylvania. 

George W. Smick, 
Frederick Orwan, 
John Slaymaker, 
George McCullock, 
Oliver Alison, , 
John Murray, 
George G. Leiper, 
David Gilman, 
Henry Scheetz, 

Delaware. 



George Truitt, 
1. H. F. Hall. 

Maryland. 
R. H. Goldsborough, 

1. J. S. Smith, 3. William Prick, 

2. William B. Tyler, 4. Albert Constable, 



George Loyall, 

1. John Cargill, 

2. John Gibson, 

3. James Jones, 

4. J. Horner, 

5. Thomas M. Nelson, 

6. H. L. Opie, 

7. Archibald Austin, 



A. W. Venable, 

1. Robert Love, 

2. I. I. Daniel, 

3. George L. Davidson, 

4. W. B. Lockhart, 
6. Peregrine Roberts, 



Virginia. 

8. James M. Mason, 

9. Richard Logan, 

10. John McMillan, 

11. Joseph Martin, 

12. J. D. Williamson, 

13. William Jones, 

14. Charles Beale, 

North Carolina. 

6. F. Ward, 

7. Thomas G. Polk, 

8. R. D. Spaight, 

9. Thomas Settle, 



David D. Wagener. 

20. David Frazier, 

21. Adam Ritscher, 

22. P. Mulvany, 

23. William Addams, 

24. J. Patten, 

25. JohnSchall, 

26. J. Y. Bauley, 

27. J. Rooker, 

28. Wilson Smith. 



C. P. Comegys. 



William Price. 

5. U. S. Heath, 

6. John L. Steele. 



Samuel Blackwell. 

15. W. H. Roane, 

16. Thomas Bland, 

17. Samuel Carr, 

18. A. Russell, 

19. L. T. Dade, 

20. Philip N. Nicholas, 

21. A. R. Harwood. 



J. O. Watson. 

10. Owen Holmes, 

11. J. M. Morehead, 

12. Henry Skinner, 

13. William H. Leak, 



452 



APPENDIX. 



South Caeolina. 
Robert J. Turnbull, 

1. W. Thompson, Jr., 4. Thomas Lyles, 

2. Samuel Cherry, 5. W. B. Seabrook, 

3. "William Dubose, 6. Thomas Dugan, 

Geokgia. 

4. William Terrell, 

5. W. B. Bullock, 

6. John Whitehead, 



Beverly Allen, 

1. Elias Beall, 

2. Henry Jackson, 

3. David Blackshear, 



Elijah Watson. 

7. Benjamin Hart, 

8. Joseph S. Shelton, 

9. Thomas Evans. 



Henry Holt. 

7. John Floyd, 

8. Wilson Williams, 

9. Seaton Grantland. 



1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 


M. Aiken, 
William Snodgrass, 
J. G. Bostick, 
Jesse Wallace, 
Elliott Hickman, 
W. B. A. Ramsey, 


6. 

7. 
8. 
9. 


Tennessee. 

William Pillow, 
Joseph McMillon, 
Willie Blount, 
William Stroud, Sr 


Daniel Bowman. 

10. David Fentress, 

11. John Heam, 

12. B. Coleman, 

'., 13. George Elliott. 


1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 


Joseph Eve, 
Benjamin Hardin, 
W. K. Wall, 
M. P. Marshall, 
J. L. Hickman, 
M. V. Thompson, 


6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 


Kentucky. 

William Ousley, 
Burr Harrison, 
Thomas Chilton, 
John I. Marshall, 


Alney McLeon. 

10. D. S. Patton, 

11. E. M. Ewing, 
^ 12. M. Beatty, 

13. Thompson M. Ewing, 


1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 


Benjamin Tapp 

John M. Goodenow, 
Valentine Keffer, 
I. D. Morris, 
Isaac Humphreys, 
Mark T. Wills, 
Alexander Elliott, 
K. D. Eorman, 


an, 
8. 
9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 


Ohio. 

Joseph J. McDowell. 
tTohn Chaney, 14. William S. Tracy, 
Alexander McConnell, 15. George Marshall, 
George Sharpe, 16. Jeremiah McLane, 
Michael Moore, 17. Eli Baldwin, 
Fisher A. Blocksom, 18. H. J. Harman, 
John Lavwell, 19. Jonathan Cilley. 


1. 


J. B. Planche, 
Thomas W. Scott, 


2. 


Louisiana. 
W. H. Overton, 


Alexander Mouton. 
3. T. Landry. 


1. 

2. 
3. 


George Boon, 
W. Armstrong, 
Alexander J. Burnett, 
James Blake, 


4. 
5. 


Indiana. 

John Ketchum, 
Arthur Patterson, 


M. Crune. 

6. Thomas Givens, 

7. N. B. Palmer. 


1. 


William Dowsing, 
Wiley P. Harris, 2. 


Mississippi, 
W. W. Cherry. 


Samuel Hunter. 


1. 


James Evans, 
John C. Alexander, 


2. 


Illinois. 
Thomas Eay, 


Adams Dunlap. 

3. Abner Flack. 



Henry King, 

1. John J. Winston, 

2. William P. Gould, 

Joel H. Haden, 
1. William Blackey, 



Alabama. 

William Edmondson. 

3. William R. Pickett, 5. Theophilus Toulmin. 

4. George Phillips, 

Missouri. 
2. Henry Shurlds. 



John Hume. 



APPENDIX. 



453 



THIRTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1837. 



Martin Van Buren was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote 
of Maine, New Hampshire, Khode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, 
Virginia, North Carolina, Louisiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, 
Arkansas, Michigan — 170. William H. Harrison received the entire vote of Ver- 
mont, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana — 73 ; 
Hugh L. White, the vote of Georgia and of Tennessee — 26; Daniel Webster, the 
vote of Massachusetts — 14; and W. P. Mangum, the vote of South Carolina — 11. 
KiCHARD M. Johnson was chosen Vice-President by the Senate, no one having 
received a majority of the electoral votes, which stood : Eichard M. Johnson, 147 ; 
Francis Granger, 77; John Tyler, 47 ; William Smith, 23. The Electors were: 

Maine. 
Keuel Williams, Shepherd Carey. 

1. Sheldon Hobbs, 4. John Hamblen, 7. John H. Jarvis, 

2. Joseph Tobin, 5. Benjamin Burgess, 8. S. S. Heagan. 

3. Jonathan Smith, 6. William Thompson, 



Jonathan Harvey, 

1. Isaac Waldron, 3. 

2. G. Gilmore, 4. 



Jabez Proctor, 

1. S. Swift, 3. 

2. Titus Hutchinson, 4. 



New Hampshire. 

Tristam Shaw, 
Ebenezer Carlton, 

Vermont. 

David Crawford, 
W. A. Griswold, 



Josiah Kussell. 

5. Stephen Gale. 



Howe. 
5. Edward Lamb. 



Massachusetts. 
Nathaniel Silsbee, 

1. E. A. 'Newton, 5. Loammi Baldwin, 

2. Leverett Saltonstall, 6. Thomas Longlay, 

3. Benjamin Walker, 7. Samuel Lee, 

4. Isaac C. Bates, 8. Bezabeel Taft, Jr., 

Khode Island. 
James Fenner, Henry Bull. 

1. John D'Wolf, 2. B. H. Thurston. 



Samuel Appleton. 
9. J. G. Kendall, 

10. Howard Lothrop, 

11. Charles W. Morgan, 

12. Charles J. Holmes. 



Connecticut. 
Lorain T. Pease, 

1. Alfred Bassett, 3. Julius Clark, 

2. Seth P. Beers, 4. R. P. Williams, 

New York. 



Luther Warren. 

5. Moses Gregory, 

6. Carlos Chapman. 



Cornelius W. 

1. Jacob Sutherland, 

2. Gideon Ostrander, 

3. Moses Eolph, 

4. John Targee, 

5. Jacob Crocheron, 

6. Jeremiah Anderson, 

7. Stephen Allen, 

8. James Hooker, 

9. Nathaniel P. Hill, 

10. Ichabod Bartlett, 

11. Jeremiah Russell, 

12. Augustus C. Welch, 

13. Zadock Pratt, 

14. Lyman Strabridge, 



Lawrence, John 

15. Lucas Hoes, 28, 

16. Whitcombe Phelps, 29. 

17. Henry Koon, 30 

18. David Munro, 31, 

19. Peter Wendell, 32, 

20. Daniel Dickey, 33, 

21. Herman Gansevroot, 34. 

22. PelegSlade, 35, 

23. John Gale, 36. 

24. Alanson M. Knapp, 37 

25. Walcott Tyrrell, 38, 

26. Jared Willson, 39, 

27. David C. Judson, 40 



Cox. 

Elisha Doubleday, 

Frederick Lammons, 

Joseph Sibley, 

Henry Ellison, 
, Samuel Benedict, Jr., 
, Parker Halleck, 

Daniel H. Bissell, 
, George F. Falley, 

Thomas J. Wheeler, 
. Orville Hungerford, 

Guy H. Goodrich, 

Joshua Babcock, 
. Hiram Gardner. 



454 



APPENDIX. 



1. John H. Hall, 

2. Joshua Burr, 



William Stevens, 



James Thompson, 

1. Eobert Patterson, 11. 

2. Thomas C. Miller, 12. 

3. Thomas D. Grover, 13. 

4. William Clark, 14. 
6. Joseph Burden, 15, 

6. John Mitchell, 16. 

7. John Naglee, 17. 

8. Leonard Eupert, 18. 

9. Samuel Badger, 19. 
10. George Kriner, 



New Jersey. 

'3. William Brittan, 
4. David Beevis, 

Pennsylvania. 



William W. Morris, 
H. F. Hall. 



Gardner Furness, 
Asa Mann, 
Oliver Allison, 
William K. Smith, 
Henry Myers, 
S. L. Carpenter, 
John B. Sterigere, 
Eobert Patterson, 
Henry Chapman, 

Delaware. 



Allison Ely. 

5. Josiah S. Worth, 

6. J. Leaming. 



Henry Welsh. 

20. Wallace M. Williams, 

21. Jacob Kern, 

22. James Power, 

23. Jacob Dillinger, 

24. Eobert Orr, 

25. Paul Geiger, 

26. John Carothers, 

27. Calvin Blythe, 

28. John P. Davis. 



William Dunning. 



Elias Brown, 

1. J. B. Eicaud, 

2. George Howard, 

3. William Price, 



A. Smith, 

1. John Cargill, 

2. W. Holladay, 

3. James Jones, 

4. I. Horner, 

5. Wm. E. Baskerville, 

6. H. L. Opie, 

7. Archibald Austin, 



Eobert Love, 

1. George Bower, 

2. Nathaniel Macon, 

3. John Wilson, 

4. W. B. Lockhart, 

5. A. Henderson, 



Maryland. 

David Hoffman. 

4. J. M. Coale, 7. T. Burchenal, 

5. Anthony Kimmel, 8. Thomas G. Pratt. 

6. Eobert W. Bowie, 

Virginia. 

8. A. S. Baldwin, 

9. Eichard Logan, 

10. J. D. Williamson, 

11. A. Stuart, 

12. D. B. Layne, 

13. H. Hudgins, 

14. A. Bierne, 



Samuel Carr. 

15. A. E. Harwood, 

16. James Hoge, 

17. John Moncure, 

18. John Gibson, « 

19. W. H. Eoane, 

, 20. Samuel L. Hays, 
21. John Hindman. 



North Carolina. 

6. G. C. Marchant, 

7. John Hill, 

8. L. D. Wilson, 

9. John Parker, 



Josiah O. Watson. 

10. W. P. Ferrand, 

11. W. A. Morris, 

12. Owen Holmes, 

13. A. W. Venable. 



John Littlejohn, 

1. Patrick Noble, 4. 

2. Thomas Dugan, 5. 

3. D. J. McCord, 6. 



George E. Gilmer, 

1. John W. Campbell, 4. 

2. Howell Cobb, 5. 

3. Gibson Clark, 6. 



South Carolina. 

B. T. Elmore, 
Thomas F. Jones, 
E. H. Goodwin, 

Georgia. 

William H. Holt, 
E. Wimberly, 
Ambrose Baber, 



Thomas L. Gourdin. 

7. John Frampton, 

8. B. K. Hanegan, 

9. John Maxwell. 



Thomas Stocks. 

7. Thomas Hamilton, 

8. David Meriwether, 

9. C. Hines. 



Alabama. 
William Smith, Eobert H. Watkins. 

1. John McKinley, 3. Thomas D. King, 5. William E. Pickett. 

2. John S. Hunter, 4. William E. Hallett, 



APPENDIX. 



455 



Kobert J. McKinney, 



John Netherland, 
W. E. Anderson, 
Alexander E. Smith, 
Andrew J. Hoover, 



5. James Park, 

Burr Harrison, 

1. Henry Daniel, 

2. William K. Wall, 

3. Philip Triplett, 

4. Kobert Wickliff, 

5. D. S. Patton, 



Tennessee. 

John Gordon. 
T. F. Bradford, 10. S. D. Frierson, 

James A. Whiteside, 11. Kichard Cheatham, 
Neil S. Brown, 12. L. P. Williamson, 

Asa Falkner, 13. William W. Lea. 



Kentucky. 

6. Thomas Metcalf, 

7. E. Kumsey, 

8. M. P. Marshall, 

9. Richard A. Buckner, 



Thomas P. Wilson. 

10. J. F. Ballinger, 

11. C. Tompkins, 

12. Robert P. Letcher, 

13. M. Beaty. 



Ohio. 



Benjamin Ruggles, 

1. Joshua Collett, 8. 

2. Ira Belknap, 9. 
8. George P. Torrence, 10. 

4. Samuel Elliott, 11. 

5. Andrew McClany, 12. 

6. Mordecai Bartley, 13. 

7. Elijah Huntington, 



John Codding, 
Isaiah Morris, 
Jared P. Kirtland, 
Alexander Campbell, 
D. Hasbough, 
William Kendall, 



Mississippi. 



Thomas Hinds, 
1. B. W. Edwards, 



W. C. 

14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 



Kirker. 

John P. Coulter, 
Abels Rennick, 
John L. Lacy, 
Christian King, 
Andrew Donnelly, 
Samuel Newell. 



2. H. G. Runnels. 



R. H. Grant. 



Louisiana. 
J. B. Planche, 
1. T. U. Scott, 2. P. E. Bossier, 

Indiana. 
John C. Clendenin, 

1. Hiram Decker, 4. A. L. White, 

2. A. W. Morris, 5. Enoch McCarty, 

3. Milton Stapp, 

Missouri. 
George F. Bollinger, 
1. John Sappington, 2. A. Bird. 



Alexander Mouton. 
3. T. Landry. 



Achilles Williams. 

6. M. G. Clark, 

7. A. P. Andrews. 



William Monroe. 



John Miller, 
1. Joshua Morrison. 



Daniel Le Roy, 
1. David C. McKinstry. 



John Wyatt, 
1. Samuel Leach, 



Arkansas. 



Michigan. 



Illinois. 
2. John Pearson, 



A. B. Anthony. 
William H. Hoeg. 



Samuel Hachleton. 

3. John D. Whitesides. 



456 



APPENDIX. 



FOURTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1841. 

William Henkt Harrison was elected President, receiving the entire elec- 
toral vote of Maine, Massachusetts, Ehode Island, Connecticut, Yermont, New 
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia, 
Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, and Michigan — 234. 
Martin Van Buren received the entire vote of New Hampshire, Virginia, South 
Carolina, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, and Arkansas — 60. John Tyler was 
elected Vice-President, receiving 234 votes ; while R. M. Johnson had 48, L. "W. 
Tazewell 11, and James K. Polk 1. The Electors were : 



Isaac Ilsley, 

1. Isaac Hodson, 4. 

2. E. Eohinson, 5. 

3. Samuel Small, 6. 



Maine. 

Thomas Pillebrown. 
Benjanain P. Gilman, 7. Charles Trafton, 
Eufus K. Goodenow, 8. Thomas Eobinson. 
J. Huse, 



Samuel Burns, 

1. John Scott, 3. 

2, J. W. Weeks, 4. 



Samuel C. Crafts, 

1. EzraMeech, 3. 

2. A. B. W. Tenney, 4. 



Isaac C. Bates, 

1. Pel eg Sprague, 5. 

2. Sidney Willard, 6. 

3. Richard Houghton, 7. 

4. Ira M. Barton, 8. 



New Hampshire. 

Samuel Hatch, 
P. Holbrook, 



S. Perley. 

5. Andrew Paine, Jr. 



Vermont. 

John Conaut. 
William Henry, 5. Joseph Eeed. 

William P. Briggs, 

Massachusetts. 

Rufus Longley. 
S. C. Phillips, 9. Thomas French, 

George Grinnel, Jr., 10. John B. Thomas, 
Samuel Mixter, 11. W. Wood, 

Joseph Tripp, 12. J. Z. Goodrich. 



Nicholas Brown, 
1. George Engs, 2. 



Rhode Island. 
William Rhodes. 



W. Weeden. 



H. Spencer, 

1. James Brewster, 

2. P. Pearl, 



Connecticut. 

3. A. Larrabee, 

4. P. Bierce, 



Reuben Booth. 

5. J. Green, 

6. J. S. Peters. 



James Burt, 

1. Abraham Rose, 

2. H. Watson, 

3. John T. Harrison, 

4. G. P. Griffith, 

5. John L. Lawrence, 

6. A. Mclntyre, 

7. Joseph Tucker, 

8. E. Stimson, 

9. J. P. Phoenix, 

10. Josiah Hand, 

11. Richard S. Williams, 

12. K. P. Cool, 

13. P. Van Cortlandt, 

14. Jonathan Wallace, 



New York. 

15. B. White, 

16. H. P. Voorhies, 

17. N. Dubois, 

18. Thomas Burch, 

19. Peter G. Sharp, 

20. P. B. Porter, 

21. John I. Knox, 

22. Albert Crane, 

23. Peter Pratt, 

24. Charles Bradish, 

25. E. Merrick, 

26. Gideon Lee, 

27. J. Livingston, 



Elisha Jenkins. 

28. Grattan H. Wheeler, 

29. Isaac Ogden, 

30. William Garbutt, 

31. Samuel Balcom, 

32. P. L. Tracey, 

33. I. I. Speed, Jr., 

34. John Wheeler, 

35. D. Hibbard, 

36. Philo Orton, 

37. John Williams, 

38. H. R. Seymour, 

39. B. D. Noxen, 

40. Davis Hurd. 



APPENDIX. 



457 









New Jersey. 






Lewis Condict, 






John Eunk. 


1. 


C. Stepton, 


3. 


James Sliff, 


5. J. M. Ryerson, 


2. 


Samuel G. Wright, 
J. A. Shulze, 


4. 


Thomas Newbold, 
Pennsylvania. 


6. Joshua Townsend. 
A. R. Mcllvain. 


1. 


J. Ritner, 


11. 


A. Ellmaker, 


20. T. M. T. McKennan. 


2. 


J. K. Zeilin, 


12. 


"William Addams, 


21. John Reed, 


3. 


L. Passmore, 


18. 


John Harper, 


22. H. Denny, 


4. 


Eobert Stimson, 


14. 


B. Connelly, Jr., 


23. A. B. Wilson, 


5. 


J. P. Wetherell, 


15. 


William Mcllvain 


, 24. Joseph Buffington, 


6. 


W. S. Hendrie, 


16. 


Joseph Markle, 


25. N. Middles war th, 


7. 


Thomas P. Cope, 


17. 


J. Dickson, 


26. Henry Black, 


8. 


I. J. Ross, 


18. 


J. Gr. Fordyce, 


27. George Walker, 


9. 


F. Gillins;ham, 


19. 


J. McKeehan, 


28. John Dick. 


10. 


Peter Filbert, 









Delaware. 
Benjamin Caulk, 
Peter J. Causey. 

Maryland. 
David Hoflfman, 
J. L. Kerr, 4. Richard J. Bowie, 

George Howard, 5. Jacob A. Preston, 

Theodore R. Locker- 6. James M. Coale, 



H. F. Hall. 



J. P. Kennedv. 

7. W. T. Woolton, 

8. Thomas A. Spence. 



A. Smith, 

1. J. Cargill, 8. 

2. Archibald Stuart, 9. 

3. James Jones, 10. 

4. William Tod, 11. 

5. William R.Baskeville, 12. 

6. A. Brockenbrough, 13. 

7. Charles Yancey, 14. 



Virginia. 

John Gibson, 
J. B. Halybirton, 
J. D. Williamson, 
J. T. Randolph, 
William Taylor, 
W. Holliday, 
A. C. Chapman, 



Richard Logan. 

15. J. Horner, 

16. James Hoge, 

17. Richard E. Byrd, 

18. William Byers, 

19. William A. Harris, 

20. Benjamin Brown, 

21. John Hurdman. 



James Welborn, 

1. Charles McDowell, 6. 

2. J. B. Kelly, 7. 

3. D. Ramsour, 8. 

4. James Mebane, 9. 

5. A. Rencher, 

John Crawford, 

1. J. J. Caldwell, 4. 

2. W. H. Cannon, 5. 

3. A. Mazyck, 6. 

George R. Gilmer, 

1. D. L. Clinch, 4. 

2. W. W. Ezzard, 5. 

3. J. W. Campbell, 6. 



North Carolina. 

D. F. Caldwell. 
William W. Cherry, 10. Josiah Collins, 
James S. Smith, 11. William L. Long, 

Thomas F. Jones, 12. James W. Bryan, 

Charles Manly, 13. Daniel B. Baker. 



Sox:th 'Carolina. 

J. Buchanan, 
H. J. Johnson, 
F. J. Goodwyn, 

Georgia. 

C. B. Strong, 
Joel Crawford, 
E. Wimberly, 



L. Jeter. 

7. W. McWillie, 

8. J. Jenkins, 

9. John L. Ashe. 



A. Miller. 

7. Charles Dougherty, 

8. J. Whitehead, 

9. S. Grantland. 



Alabama. 
William K. Hallett, Joseph P. Frazier. 

1. B. M. Lowe, 3. M. F. Rainey, 5. J. Murphy. 

2. Benjamin Fitzpatrick, 4. Benjamin Reynolds, 

30 



458 



APPENDIX. 









Mississippi. 






S. S. Prentiss, 






Thomas J. Word. 


1. 


J. J. Stewart, 

E. H. Foster, 


2. 


Henry Dickenson. 

Tennessee. 


Thomas I. Campbell. 


1. 


S. Jarnagin, 


5. 


William P. Senter, 


9. J. H. Cabal, 


2. 


J. F. Morford, 


6. 


James O. Janes, 


10. G. A. Henry, 


3. 


Thomas D. Arnold, 


7. 


A. A. Anderson, 


11. E. J. Shields, 


4. 


Thomas L. Bransford, 


8. 


D. W. Dickenson, 
Kentucky. 


12. George W. Gibbs. 




Eichard A. Buckner, 


Charles G. Wintersmith. 


1. 


James F. Morehead, 


6. 


Daniel Breck, 


10. M. P. Marshall, 


2. 


Thomas W. Kiley, 


7. 


James W. Irwin, 


11. James Harlan, 


3. 


Eobert Patterson, 


8. 


E. H. Menefee, 


12. A. Beatty, 


4. 


•William H. Field, 


9. 


B. Y. Ousley, 


13. W. W. Southgate. 


5. 


Iredell Hart, 




Ohio. 






William E. Putnam, 


Eeasin Beall. 


1. 


Alexander Mayhew, 


8. 


Aquila Toland, 


14. John Carey, 


2. 


Henry Harter, 


9. 


Perley B. Johnson 


, 15. David King, 


3. 


A. Spafford, 


10. 


John Dukes, 


16. Storm Eosa, 


4. 


Joshua Collett, 


11. 


Otho Brashear, 


17. John Beatty, 


5. 


Abram Miley, 


12. 


James Eaquet, 


18. John Augustine, 


6. 


Samuel F. Vinton, 


13. 


C. S. Miller, 


19. John Jameson. 


.7. 


John I. Yanmeter, 




Indiana. 





J. McCarty, 

1. J. W. Payne, 

2. Joseph L. White, 

3. Eichard W.Thompson, 

A. W. Snyder, 
1. Isaac P. Walker, 



4. James H. Cravens, 

5. Caleb B. Smith, 

Illinois. 
2. James H. Ealston, 



Joseph G. Marshall. 

6. William Herod, 

7. Samuel C. Sample. 



J. A. McClernand. 

3. I. W. Eldridge. 



Michigan. 
Thomas J. Drake, H. G. Wells. 

1. J. Van Fassen. 

Louisiana. 
William De Buys, Jacques Dupr^. 

1. J. Birnard, 2. S. Lewis, 3. L. Barras. 



A. Byrd, 
1. E. Dobyns, 



Missouri. 
2. W. G. Meriwether. 



James Holman. 



Arkansas. 



John McClellen, 
1. John Miller. 



Samuel M. Eutherford. 



FIFTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1845. 

James K. Polk was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of 
Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, 
Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, 
and Michigan — 170. Henry Clay received the vote of Ehode Island, Massachu- 
setts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, 



APPENDIX. 



459 



Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio — 105. George M. Dallas was elected Vice-Pre- 
sident, receiving 170 votes; while T. Frelinghuysen had 105. The Electors were : 



Maine. 
James W. Bradbury, 

1. John Stickney, 4. Levi Morrill, 

2. Ichabod Jordan, 5. J. A. Lowell, 

3. Alfred Pierce, 

New Hampshire. 



John Foster. 

6. Thomas Bartlett, 

7. Nathaniel Kobinson. 





"William Badger, 




Isaac Hale. 


1. 


John McNeil, 


3. 


E. R. Currier, 


4. J. L. Putnam. 


2. 


E. Sawyer, 




Massachusetts. 






Abbott Lawrence, 




A. R. Thompson. 


1. 


Lewis Strong, 


5. 


J. P. Allen, 


8. Elijah Vose, 


2. 


Charles Allen, 


6. 


C. B. Rising, 


9. W. Baylies, 


3. 


N. Appleton, 


7. 


Homer Bartlett, 


10. Seth Crowell. 


4. 


W. B. Calhoun, 




Rhode Island. 






Benjamin Weaver, 




John Greene. 


1. 


Stephen Steere, 

Clark Bissell, 


2. 


N. F. Dixon. 
Connecticut. 


N. 0. Kellogg. • 


1. 


Charles W. Rockwell, 


3. 


S. A. Foote, 


4. Truman Smith. 


2. 


Joseph L. Gladding, 
J. H. Harris, 




Vermont. 


C. Coolidge. 


1. 


John Pick, 


3. 


C. Townsley, 


4. E. Fairbanks. 


2. 


Benjamin Swift, 




New York. 






Benjamin F. Butler, 


John Nellis. 


1. 


Daniel S. Dickenson, 


13. 


J. J. Coddington, 


24. John Lapham, 


2. 


Clemence Whitaker, 


14. 


Daniel Dana, 


25. N. M. Martin, 


3. 


Hugh Halsey, 


15. 


Daniel Johnson, 


26. J. D. Higgins, 


4. 


A. Doane, 


16. 


John Gillett, 


27. J. K. Page, 


5. 


H. Thompson, 


17. 


J. Crawford, 


28. R. H. Shankland, 


6. 


Thomas H. Hubbard, 


18. 


J. E. Bogardus, 


29. John Savage, 


7. 


George Douglass, 


19. 


William Murrey, 


30. J. Hascall, Jr., 


8. 


L. Pettengill, 


20. 


J. Boynton, 


31. William Hedding, 


9. 


Neil Cray, 


21. 


JacobusHoerolnburgh, 32. Rufus H. Smith, 


10. 


William Mason, 


22. 


E. Johnson, 


33. John Fay, 


11. 


W. S. Havemayer, 


23. 


J. L. Hogeboom, 


34. A. Hogeboom. 


12. 


H. Potts, 

J. B. Aycrigg, 




New Jersey. 


John Emly. 


1. 


Charles Reeves, 


3. 


E. Q. Keasbeg, 


5. A. Godwin. 


2. 


E. Y. Rogers, 


4. 


James Stewart, 
Pennsylvania. 






Wilson McCandless, 


Jesse Sharp. 


1. 


Asa Dimock, 


9. 


John Hill, 


17. James Woodburn, 


2. 


N. W. Sample, 


10. 


I. Brewster, 


18. William Patterson, 


3. 


G. F. Lehman, 


11. 


Samuel E. Leech, 


19. Hugh Montgomery, 


4. 


William Heidenrich, 


12. 


George Schnable, 


20. A. Burke, 


6. 


Christian Kneass, 


13. 


Samuel Camp, 


21. Isaac Ankeny, 


6. 


Conrad Shimer, 


14. 


N. B. Eldred, 


22. John M. Gill, 


7. 


William H. Smith, 


15. 


William N. Irvine 


!, 23. C. Meyers, 


8. 


Stephen Baldy, 


16. 


John Matthews, 


24. Robert Orr. 



460 



APPENDIX. 



Delaware. 
Alfred Dupont, Thomas Davis. 

1. Enoch Spruance. 

Maryland. 
William M. Gaither, "William Price. 

1. James B. Kicaud, 3. Thomas S. Alexander, 5. H. E. Wright, 

2. ' C. K. Stewart, 4. A. W. Bradford, 



6. Samuel Hambleton. 



John S. Millson, 

1. Thomas Wallace, 6. 

2. Richard Coke, Jr., 7. 

3. E. H. Baptiste, 8. 

4. H. Bedinger, 9. 



5. William Daniel, 



Virginia. 

G. B. Samuels, 
A. Stuart, 
James Hoge, 
Thomas J. Eandolph 



10. H. S. Kane, 



W. H. Eoane. 

11. William Smith, 

12. E. A. Thompson, 

13. William P. Taylor, 

14. Joseph Johnson, 

15. William S. Morgan. 



North Carolina. 
William W. Cheny, Josiah Collins. 

E. B. Gilliam, 4. M. Q. Waddell, 7. James W. Osborne, 



South Carolina. 

T. B. Skipper, 
L. Boozer, 



8. J. Horton, 

9. John Baxter. 

P. W. Pickens. 

6. William Cairn, 

7. E. De Treville. 



W. H. Washington, 5. John Kern, 
D. B. Baker, 6. A. H. Shepard, 

F. H. Elmore, 
J. D. <Wetherspoon, 
H. C. Young, 
P. W. Huey, 

Georgia. 
Charles J. McDonald, Alfred Iverson. 

B. Graves, 4. Charles Murphy, 7. William B. Wofford, 

H. V. Johnson, 5. William P. Sandford, 8. Eli H. Baxter. 

R. M. Charlton, 6. George W. Towers, 



P. Triplett, 
1'. B. M. Crenshaw, 

2. W. W. Southgate, 

3. Benjamin Hardin, 

4. W. E. Grigsby, 

Thomas Corwin, 

1. Bellamy Storer, 

2. Samson Mason, 

3. W. Bebb, 

4. D. J. Cory, 

5. A. Harlan, 

6. J. Scott, 

7. E. W. Clark, 



John Bell, 

1. G. A. Henry, 

2. J. H. Crozier, 

3. J. A. E. Nelson, 

4. D. L. Barringer, 



G. Leonard, 

1. T. Landry, 

2. T. W. Scott, 



Kentucky. 

Greene Adams. 
I. K. Underwood, 8. Leslie Coombs, 

W. J. Gram, 9. JohnKincard, 

E. A. Patterson, 10. L. W. Andrews. 



Ohio. 



David Adams, 
Jos. Olds, 
D. S. Norton, 
W. W. Conklin, 
James K. Holcombe 
H. Chapin, 
J. Crooks, 



Peter Hitchcock. 

15. T. W. Bostwick, 

16. W. E. Sapp, 

17. J. W. Gill, 

18. Cyrus Spink, 

19. J. H. Baldwin, 

20. W. S. Perkins, 

21. John Fuller. 



Tennessee. 

Robert L. Caruthers. 

5. E. H. Hynds, 9. H. L. Bransford, 

6. N. S. Brown, 10. William T. Haskell, 

7. Thomas R. Jennings, 11. Eobertson Topp. 

8. J. D. Tyler, 



Louisiana. 
3. A. E. Mouton, 



J. B. Planch^. 

4. S. W. Downes. 



APPENDIX. 



461 



A. Fox, 

1. J. W. Matthews, 

2. Jos. Bell, 

James G. Eeed, 

1. William A. Bowles, 

2. Elijah Newland, 

3. J. M. Johnston, 

4. Samuel E. Perkins, 



Mississippi. 
3. H. S. Foote, 



E. H. Boone. 

4. Jefferson Davis. 



Indiana. 

G. N". Fitch. 

5. William W. Wick, 8. H. W. Ellsworth, 

6. P. C. Dunning, 9. Charles W. Cathcart, 

7. Austin M. Puett, 10. John Gilbert. 



A. W. Cavarly, 

1. J. D. Wood, 4. 

2. John Dement, 5. 

3. Willis Allen, 



Lewis Beaufait, 
1. P. S. Paulding, 2. 



R. B. Wathall, 

1. W. R. Hallett, 4. 

2. Dixon Hall, 5. 

3. Thomas S. Mays, 

W. W. Izard, 
1. W. S. Oldham. 



James S. Green, 

1. W. P. Hall, 3. 

2. William Shields, 4. 



Illinois. 

Isaac N. Arhold, 
A. C. French, 



Michigan. 

Charles P. Burch, 

Alabama. 

J. J. Winston, 
J. A. Nooe, 

Arkansas. 

Missouri. 

W. C. Jones, 
Franklin Cannon, 



William A. Richardson. 

6. John Calhoun, 

7. Norman H. Purple. 



George Eedfield. 

3. Samuel Arford. 



Daniel Hubbard. 

6. Jeremiah Clemens, 

7. William B. Martin. 



Solon Borland. 



William A. Hall. 

5. William L. Sublette. 



SIXTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1849. 

Zachary Tatlor was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of 
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Ten- 
nessee, Louisiana, and Florida — 168 votes. Lewis Cass received the entire vote 
of Maine, New Hampshire, Virginia, South Carolina, Ohio, Mississippi, Indiana, 
Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, Michigan, Texas, Iowa, and Wisconsin — 
127 votes. Millarb Fillmore was elected Vice-President, receiving 163 votes ; 
while William 0. Butler received 127. The Electors were : 



Maine. 
Rufus Mclntire, 

1. H. J. Anderson, 4. A. Masters, 

2. A. Wiswell, 5. E. L. Osgood, 

3. O. L. Sanborn, 



Thomas D. Robinson. 

6. Asa Clark, 

7. D. R. Straw. 



New Hampshire. 



Samuel Tilton, 

1. Joseph H. Smith, 

2. J. Eastman, 



3. R. H. Ayer, 



Jesse Bowers. 

4. Simeon Warner. 



462 



APPENDIX. 



Levi Lincoln, 

1. E. Dwight, 

2. D. Adams, 

3. Albert Fearing, 

4. Isaac Livermore. 



Massachusetts. 

5. B. F. Thomas, 

6. M. Lawrence, 

7. A. Howland, 

Khode Island. 



William Sprague, 
1. I. T. Khodes, 2. K. Babcock. 



David Pingree. 

8. H. A. S. Dearborn, 

9. William Baylies, 
10. William K. Easton. 



George C. King. 



Connecticut. 
T. W. Williams, 
1. E. Jackson, 2. J. McClellan, 

Vermont. 
Erastus Fairbanks, 

1. George T. Hodges, 3. A. L. Catlin, 

2. A. Tracy, 

New Tork. 



H. H. Koss, 

1. A. T. Eose, 

2. George Benson, 

3. J. M. Cross, 

4. J. C. Cruger, 

5. D. Lord, 

6. T. D. Bull, 

7. Jo. Hoxie, 

8. J. S. Smith, 

9. J. Whittemore, 

10. Kobert Dorian, 

11. J. Seymour, 

12. C. F. Crosby, 



Solomon Olmsted. 
3. J. B. Ferris. 



Timothy Follett. 
4. E. Cleveland. 



George 

13. J. McKie, 24. 

14. B. J. Clark, 25. 

15. S. Freeman, 26. 

16. J. A. Collier, 27. 

17. I. C. Duff, 28. 

18. J. Bradley, 29. 

19. William B. Welles, 30. 

20. Daniel Larkin, 31. 

21. Charles E. Barstow, 32. 

22. 0. Poole, 33. 

23. D. Kellogg, 34. 



Griswold. 
B. F. Harwood, 
S. Francher, 
J. Davenport, 
E. Sheldon, 

D. E. Sill, 

M. Butterfield, 
William Kelchum, 

E. D. Smith, 
O. P. Haskall, 
Asa Chatfield, 
Solomon Parmalee. 



New Jersey. 
John Eunk, Isaac V. Brown. 

1. J. Brick, 3. Charles Burroughs, 5. Peter I. Ackerman. 

2. Eobert V. Armstrong, 4. C. Howell, 



Thomas M. T. 

1. John P. Sanderson, 

2. W. G. Hurly, 

3. J. G. Clarkson, 

4. Francis Tyler, 

5. J. P. Wetherill, 

6. H. Johnson, 

7. J. M. Davis, 

8. William Calder, 



Pennsylvania. 

McKennan, Charles Snyder. 

9. Thomas W. Duffield, 17. I. Landes, 



10. William Mcllvaine, 

11. J. Dungan, 

12. Charles W. Fisher, 

13. Daniel E. Hitner, 

14. A. G. Curtin, 

15. J. D. Steele, 



18. Joseph Markle, 

19. Joseph Schomacher, 

20. Daniel Agnew, 

21. A. M. Loomis, 

22. Thomas H. Sill, 

23. Eichard Irwin, 



16. Thomas E. Davidson, 24. Samuel A. Purviance. 



Delaware. 
P. Eeybold, 
1. G. H. Wright. 

Maryland. 
W. L. Gaither, 

1. Joseph S. Cottman, 3. J. M. S. Causin, 

2, J. P. Eoman, 4. J. M. Starris, 



Samuel Cotts. 



A. G. Ege. 

5. B. C. Wicker, 

6. J. C. Derickson. 



APPENDIX. 



463 



J. S. Millson, 

1. F. E. Kives, 

2. Henry A. Wise, 

3. H. L. Hopkins, 

4. Thomas Sloane, 

5. W. P. Bocock, 



Virginia. 

6. G-. B. Samuels, 

7. W. M. Tredway, 

8. John Letcher, 

9. S. F. Leake, 
10. John B. Floyd, 



North Carolina. 
Kenneth Kayner, 

1. Edward Stanley, 4. J. Winslow, 

2. W. H. Washington, 5. John Kerr, 

3. George Davis, 6. Kawley Galloway, 



K. G. Scott. 

11. J. S. Barbour, Sr., 

12. A. G. Pendleton, 
18. H. A. Washington, 

14. Samuel L. Haynes, 

15. O. W. Largefit. 



H. W. Miller. 

7. Jas. W. Osborne, 

8. Tod K. Caldwell, 

9. John Baxton. 



South Carolina. 
Benjamin F. Perry, 

1. Thomas Lehre, 4. W. J. Hanna, 

2. J. L. Manning, 5. N. R. Eaves, 

3. P. C. Caldwell, 

Georgia. 
William Terrell, 

1. H. W. Sharpe, 4. Asbury Hull, 

2. W. Aiken, 5. A. W. Redding, 

3. William H. Crawford, 6. T. P. Xing, 



Alexander Ervins. 

6. J. B. Campbell, 

7. Benjamin G. Allston. 



Seaton Grantland. 

7. William Moseley, 

8. George Stapleton. 



A. Dixon, 

1. L. Lindsay, 

2. J. L. Johnson, 

3. F. E. McLean, 

4. William Chenault, 



James C. Jones, 

1. T. A. R. Nelson, 

2. A. G. Watkins, 

3. R. B. Brabson, 

4. John L. Goodall, 



Kentucky. 

5. T. W. Lisle, 

6. M. D. McHenry, 

7. B. R. Young, 



M. V. Thomson. 

8. Leslie Coombs, 

9. A. Trumbo, 

10. W. C. Marshall. 



Tennessee. 

John Netherland. 

5. William Kercheval, 9. A. Goodrich, 

6. S. E. Rose, 10. G. D. Searcy, 

7. J. S. Brien, 11. C. H. Williams. 

8. William Cullom, 



L. Byington, 

1. J. Sniden, 

2. George Kesling, 

3. J. Kinney, 

4. G. Volney Dorsey, 

5. C. M. Godfrey, 

6. S. Diffenderfer, 

7. S. M. Littell, 



Ohio. 

8. D. T. Swinney, 

9. Lewis Anderson, 

10. John Lidey, 

11. William Lawrence, 

12. William J. Fry, 

13. Joseph Burns, 

14. W. McDonald, 



Jacques Joutant, 



1. M. J. Carcia, 

2. C. Adams, Jr., 



J. A. Quitman, 

1. D. B. Wright, 

2. J. A. Ventress, 



Louisiana. 
3. John Moore, 

Mississippi. 
3. William McWillie, 



Samuel Starkweather. 

15. D. A. Starkweather, 

16. J. B. Butler, 

17. H. B. Payne, 

18. A. Ives, 

19. John Caldwell, 

20. John Glover, 

21. Van S. Murphy. 



J. P. Benjamin. 

4. J. G. Campbell. 



J. W. Chalmers. 

4. G. W. L. Smith. 



464 



APPENDIX. 



Indiana. 
Robert Dale Owen, 

1. N. Albertson, 5. James Ritchey, 

2. C. L. Dunham, 6. George W. Carr, 

3. William M. McCarty, 7. I. M. Hanna, 

4. Charles H. Test, 



E. M. Chamberlain. 

8. Daniel Mace, 

9. G. N. Fitch, 
10. A. J. Harlan. 



I. Manning, 

1. M. Sweney, 

2. C. Lansing, 

3. William Martin, 



Illinois. 

Ferris Foreman. 

4. H. W. Yandervier, 6. M. E. Hollister, 

5. S. S. Hayes, 7. W. L. Furgerson, 

Alabama. 



John A. Winston, 

1. J. E. Saunders, 4. James Armstrong, 

2. Lewis M. Stone, 5. J. J. Seibels, 

3. Francis S. Lyon, 

Missouri. 
J. C. Welborn, 

1. Abraham McKinney, 3. E. B. Ewing, 

2. B. T. Massey, 4. James H. Rolfe, 

Arkansas. 
John Martin, 
1. James Yell. 

Michigan. 
John S. Barry, 
1. Rix Robinson, 2. H. 0. Thurbur, 

Florida. 

Jackson Morton, 
1. J. H. Mcintosh. 

Texas. 

James B. Miller, 
1. William C. Young, 2. M. A. Dooley. 

Iowa. 
A. C. Dodge, 
1. Joseph Williams, 2. Lincoln Clark. 

Wisconsin. 
F. Huebschmann, 
1. William Dinwiddle, 2. D. P. Mapes. 



Columbus W. Lee. 

6. C. C. Clay, Jr., 

7. James F. Dowdell. 



G. D. Hall. 

5. Tristam Polk. 



John S. Krane. 



L. M. Mason. 

3. William T. Howell. 



Samuel Spencer. 
T. G. Brooks. 

J. J. Selman. 

Samuel F. Nicholas. 



SEVENTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1853. 

Franklin Pierce was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of 
Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, 
Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Ohio, Michi- 
gan, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin, and California — 296. Win- 
field Scott received the vote of Vermont, Massachusetts, Tennessee, and Ken- 
tucky — 42. William R. King was elected Vice-President, receiving 254 votes ; 
while William A. Graham had 42. The Electors were : 



R. Mclntire, 

1. G. F. Shepley, 

2. R. Lowell, 



Maine. 

3. J. H. Fuller, 

4. O. Moses, 



J. C. Talbot. 

5. D. Richardson, 

6. J. W. Tabor. 



APPENDIX. 



465 



New Hampshire. 



L. Jones. 

3. N. B. Baker. 



A. P. Lyman. 
3. L. Adams. 



H. Hubbard, 
1. J. A. Douglass, 2. S. Webster, 

Vermont. 
Portus Baxter, 
1. E. P. Walton, 2. E. Kirkland, 

Massachusetts. 
R. p. Wintlirop, J. H. W. Page. 

1. George Bliss, 5. E. Torrey, 9. J. Coggin, 

2. J. Gardner, 6. George A. Crocker, 10. R. Bullock, 

3. R. G. Shaw, 7. Amos Lawrence, 11. E. R. Colt. 

4. George Coggswell, 8. Daniel C. Baker, 

Rhode Island. 
George Turner, A. Ballou. 

1. A. Eddy, 2. J. Spink. 

CONNECTICTIT. 

Thomas H. Seymour, 

1. A. P. Hyde, 3. S. Bingham, 

2. Charles Parker, 



N. Belcher. 

4. William F. Taylor. 



S. B. Piper, 

1. P. S. Crooke, 12. 

2. E. B. Litchfield, 13. 

3. R. T. Compton, 14. 

4. J. M. Marsh, 15. 

5. I. Murphy, 16. 

6. William H. Cornell, 17. 

7. G. F. Conover, 18. 

8. A. F. Vache, 19. 

9. E. SuflFern, 20. 

10. Alexander Thompson, 21. 

11. Zadock Pratt, 22. 



New York. 

L. Van Buren, 
J. Pierson, 
J. W. Bishop, 
C. Vosburgh, 
Thomas Crook, 
W. C. Crain, 
William Taylor, 

C. S. Grinnell, 
W. C. Beardsley, 
L. J. Walworth, 

D. A. Ogden, 



New Jersey. 
Peter D. Vroom, 

1. William S. Bowen, 3. P. B. Kennedy, 

2. G. Black, 4. J. N. Taylor, 

Pennsylvania. 



H. McCandless, 

1. N. B. Eldred, 10. 

2. Peter Logan, 11. 

3. George H. Martin,,, 12. 

4. I. Miller, 13. 

5. F. W. Bockius, 14. 

6. R. McCoy, Jr., 15. 

7. A. Apple, 16. 

8. N. Strickland, 17. 

9. A. Peters, 

J. Merritt, 
1. Henry Bacon. 

R. M. McLane, 

1. J. Parren, 3. 

2. R. H. Alvey, 4. 



D. Fister, 
R. E. James, 
J. McReynolds, 
Pardon Damon, 
H. C. Eyer, 
J. Clayton, 
Isaac Robinson, 
H. Fetten, 

Delaware. 



Cliarles O'Connor. 

23. T. H. Hubbard, 

24. T. G. McDowell, 

25. S. G. Hathaway, 

26. F. C. Divinny, 

27. D. De Wolf, 

28. D. Warners, 

29. J. C.Collins, 

30. T. B. Skinner, 

31. William Vandervoort, 

32. W. L. G. Smith, 

33. Benjamin Chamberlain. 



William Wright. 
6. E. A. Stevens. 



Robert Patterson. 

18. J. Burnside, 

19. M. McCaslin, 

20. J. McDonald, 

21. W. S. Callahan, 

22. A. Burke, 

23. William Dunn, 

24. J. S. McCalmont, 

25. George K. Barrett. 



William I. Clark. 



Maryland. 

0. Humphries. 
Carroll Spence, 5. J. A. Wickes, 

C. J. M. Gwinne, 6. E. K. Wilson. 



466 




APPENDIX. 




M. Cooke, 

1. T. Eives, 

2. W. E. Flournoy, 

3. J. Goode, Jr., 
,4. E. G-. Scott, 
*'5. H. A. Wise, 


6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 


Virginia. 

A. 
E. L. Montague, 
James Barbour, 
E. Tucker, 
George E. Deneale, 


H. Dillard. 

10. James McDowell, 

11. J. B. .Floyd, 

12. M. H. Johnson, 

13. Z. Kidwell. 



James 0. Dobbin, 
Burton Craige, 4. 

W. F. Leak, 5. 

Eobert P. Dick, 6, 



.NoETH Carolina. 

William H. Thomas. 
A. Eencher, 7. D. G. W. Ward, 

L. O. B. Branch, 8. Thomas Bragg. 

Samuel J. Person, 

South Carolina. 



G. Camion, 
J. H. Adams, 
E. F. W. Allston, 



Wilson Lumpkin, 
T. M. Forrman, 4. 

E. H. Clarke, 5. 

H. G. Lamar, 6. 



Jesse Coe, 
J. C. Smith. 

J. A. Winston, 
F. S. Lyon, 4. 

J. S. Seibels, 5. 

C. W. Lee, 

E. C. Wilkinson, 
LW. H. Johnson, 3. 

"0. K. Singleton, 4. 



E. Warren Moise, 
J. B. Planche, 3. 

Thomas 0. Moore, 



George. W. Smyth, 
L. D. Evans. 



I. F. Marshall, 
M. E. Carn, 

Georgia. 

H. A. Haralson, 
I. E. Brown, 
William L. Mitchell, 

Florida. 



Thomas P. Brockman. 

5. W. D. Porter, 

6. C. G. Memminger. 



H. V. Johnson. 

7. E. W. Flournoy, ; 

8. William Schley. 



Alabama. 

L. M. Stone, 
Jas. Armstrong, 



McQueen Mcintosh. 



E. Saunders. 

6. C. 0. Clay, Jr., 

7. J. S. Dowdell. 



Mississippi. 

A. M. Jackson. 
J. H. E. Taylor, 5. Hiram Casseday. 

XJ. S. Featherston, 



Louisiana. 
T. Landry, 

Texas. 
Arkansas. 



T. G. Davidson. 

4. E. W. Eichardson. 



E. S. Neisrhbors. 



H. M. Eector, 
T. B. Flournoy, 2. B. T. Duval. 



G. A. Henry, 
N. G. Taylor, 5. 

H. Maynard, 6. 

George Brown, 7. 

S. M. Fite, 

J. F. Bell, 
L. Anderson, 5. 

J. S. McFarland, 6. 

J. G. Eogers, 7. 

Thomas E. Bramlette, 



Tennessee. 

J. Stokes, 

J. M. Davidson, 

E. E. Osborne, 



J. A. Carter. 



William T. Haskell. 

8. J. A. McEwen, 

9. A. G. Shrewsbury, 
10. J. E. Moseby. 



Kentucky. 

Charles S. Morehead. 
J. L. Helm, 8. J. Eodman, 

C. F. Burnan, 9. L. M. Cox, 

Thomas F. Marshall, 10. Thomas B. Stevenson. 



APPENDIX. 



467 



W. McLean, 

1. B. Burns, 

2. J. B. Damble, 

3. Charles Eule, 

4. William Golden, 

5. G. W. Stokes, 

6. O. Keyser, 

7. K. C. Cunningham, 



J. S. Barry, 

1. A. Edwards, 

2. William McCauley, 

John Pettit, 

1. J. H. Lane, 

2. A. F. Morrison, 

3. J. F. Bead, 

4. W. C. Larabee, 



Ohio. 

8. H. J. Jewett, 

9. E. G. Dial, 

10. W. O. Key, 

11. L. H. Steedman, 

12. C. H. Mitchener, 

13. C. J. Orton, 

14. E. T. McArtor, 

Michigan. 
3. Salmer Sharpe, 
Ikdiana. 

5. Jas. S. Athon, 

6. George B. Buell, 

7. Jas. S. Hester, 

8. Samuel A. Hall, 



J. A. McClelland, 

1. John Calhoun, 4. 

2. E. G. Sanger, 5. 

3. E. P. Ferry, 6. 

E. D. Bevritt, 

1. H. F. Gary, 4. 

2. Wm. D. McCracken, 5. 

3. C. F. Jackson, 

J. E. Fletcher, 

1. A. Hall, 2. 



M. M. Cothren, 
1. B. Brown, 2. 

W. S. Sherwood, 
1. J. W. Gregory, 2. 



Illinois. 

Vierby Benedict, 

D. L. Gregg, 

E. O'Melveny, 

Missouri. 

J. D. Stevenson, 
C. F. Holly, 

Iowa. 
W. E. Leffingwell. 

Wisconsin. 
Philo White, 

California. 
Andrew Pico. 



William Palmer. 

15. Joseph Kyle, 

16. J. Finlev, 

17. F. Cleveland, 

18. S. D. Harris, 

19. E. T. Wilder, 

20. E. H. Haines, 

21. B. T. Johnson. 



D. J. Campau. 

4. John Stockton. 



Nathaniel Balton. 
9. E. Dumont, 

10. A. H. Brown, 

11. J. M. Talbott. 



Kichard J. Hamilton. 

7. Jas. Mahon, 

8. Joseph Knox, 

9. C. A. Warren. 



Alexander Kayser. 

6. J. M. Gatewood, 

7. Kobert E. Acock. 



George H. Williams. 



Charles Billinghurst. 
3. S. Clark. 



Thomas J. Henley. 



EIGHTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1857. 

James Buchanan was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of 
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, 
Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Ala- 
bama, Missouri, Arkansas, Florida, Texas, and California — 173. John C. Fre- 
mont received the entire vote of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Khode 
Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, Ohio, Michigan, Iowa, and Wiscon- 
sin — 114. Millard Fillmore received the vote of Maryland — 8. John C. Breck- 
inridge was elected Vice-President, receiving 173 votes; while W. L. Dayton 
had 114, and A. J. Donelson 8. The Electors were : 



Maine. 
Noah Smith, Jr., 

1. James Morton, 3. K. Crockett, 

2. Isaac Gross, 4. E. Swan, 



S. Perham. 

5. A. P. Emerson, 

6. M. H. Pike. 



468 



APPENDIX. 



New Hampshire. 
W. H. H. Bailey, Thomas L. ■Whitton. 

1. Daniel Clarke, 2. Thomas M. Edwards, 3. J. H. White. 



W. C. Br 
1. L. Brainard, 



Thomas Colt, 

1. J. Vinson, 

2. A. B. Wheeler, 

3. G. R. Russell, 

4. George Odiorne, 



2. Thomas M. Edwards 

Vermont. 
2. John Porter, 



George W. Strong. 
3. Portus Baxter. 



E. W. Lawton, 



Massachusetts. 

Julius Rockwell. 

5. L. B. Marsh, 9. J. S. C. Knowlton, 

6. George H. Devereux, 10. Charles E. Forbes, 

7. James M. .Usher, 11. Eranklin Ripley. 

8. J. Nesmith, 

Rhode Island. 



1. William P. Bullock, 2. William D. Brayton. 



Isaac Saunders. 



H. Button, 

1. Thomas Clark, 

2. E. Spencer, 

M. H. Grinnell, 

1. J. S. Wadsworth, 12. 

2. E. Field, 13. 

3. M. Tompkins, 14. 

4. J. P. Jones, 15. 

5. J. P. Stanton, 16. 

6. E. Cooke, 17. 

7. James Kennedy, 18. 

8. R. A. Barnard, 19. 

9. H. Raster, 20. 

10. J. G. McMurray, 21. 

11. J. Kelly, 22. 



Connecticut. 

J. Catlin. 
Wm. A. Buckingham, 4. S. W. Gold. 



New York. 

H. H. Van Dyck, 
J. S. Belcher, 
J. C. Hulbert, 
D. D. Conover, 
J. D. Kingsland, 
S. Stilwell, 
D. Cady, 
R. S. Hughston, 
W. S. Sayre, 
J. S. Lynch, 
D. H. Marsh, 



New Jersey. 
E. A. Stevens, 

1. Benjamin F. Lee, 3. D. Von Fleet, 

2. H. L. Little, 4. H. A. Ford, 



Thomas Carnley. 

23. A. Davenport, 

24. Le Roy Morgan, 

25. E. Burnham, 

26. M. H. Lawrence, 

27. J. B. Williams, 

28. Isaac L. Endress, 

29. F. Clarke, 

30. W. S. Mallory, 

31. W. Keep, 

32. R. Wheeler, 

33. Delos E. Sill. 



G. F. Fort. 

5. George W. Savage. 





• 




Pennsylvania. 






Charles K. Buckalew, 


W. McCandless. 


1. 


G. W. Nebinger, 


10. 


Isaac Stenker, 


18. J. D. Roddy, 


2. 


P. Butler, 


11. 


F. W. Hughes, 


19. J. Turney, 


3. 


E. Wartman, 


12. 


T. Osterhout, 


20. James A. T. Buchanan, 


4. 


William H. Witte, 


13. 


A. E dinger, 


21. William Wilkins, 


5. 


J. McNair, 


14. 


R. Wilbur, 


22. J. C. Campbell, 


6. 


J. H. Brinton, 


15. 


George A. Crawford, 23. Thomas Cunningham, 


7. 


D. Laury, 


16. 


James Black, 


24. J. Keattey, 


8. 


Charles Kessler, 


17. 


H. J. Stable, 


25. V. Phelps. 


9. 


James Patterson, 




Delaware. 






George C. Gordon, 




H. Ridgeley. 


1. 


Charles Wright. 

J. D. Roman, 




Maryland. 


James Wallace. 


1. 


R. Goldsborough, 


3. 


C. L. L. Leary, 


5. F. A. Schley, 


2. 


E. H. Webster, 


4. 


Thomas Swann, 


6. A. R. Sollers. 



APPENDIX. 









Virginia. 






E. W. Massenburg, 




A. H. Dillard. 


1. 


T. H. Campbell, 


6. 


R. L. Montague, 


10. A. G. Pendleton, 


2. 


James Garland, 


7. 


James Barbour, 


11. J. B. Floyd, 


3. 


J. Goode, Jr., 


8. 


J. R. Tucker, 


12. S. L. Hayes, 


4. 


Alexander Jones, 


9. 


J. J. Harris, 


13. Sherrard Clemens. 


5. 


William B. Taliaferro, 
H. M. Shaw, 




North Carolina. 


S. P. Hill. 


1. 


W. F. Martin, 


4. 


G. H. Wilder, 


7. R. P. Waring, 


2. 


William P. Blow, 


5. 


S. E. Williams, 


8. W. W. Avery. 


8. 


M. B. Smith, 

J. A. Inglis, 


6. 


Thomas Settle, Jr., 
South Carolina. 


J. L. Noell. 


1. 


W. A. Owens, 


3. 


J. J. Pickens, 


5. F. W. Pickens, 


«. 


B. T. Watts, 

W. H. Stiles, 


4. 


J. Chesnut, Jr., 
Georgia. 


6. J. L. Manning. 
J. N. Ramsay. 


1. 


J. L. Harris, 


4. 


J. W. Lewis, 


7. J. P. Saffold, 


2. 


L. J. Gartrell, 


5. 


S. Hall, 


8. T. W. Thomas. 


3. 


Thomas M. Fournan, 
M. A. Long, 


6. 


J. P. Simmons, 
Florida. ■ 


W. D. Barnes. 


1. 


George W. Call. 

W. L. Yancey, 




Alabama. 


J. W. A. Sandford. 


1. 


L. P. Walker, 


4. 


J. D. Rathers, 


6. W. 0. Winston, 


2. 


J. G. Barr, 


5. 


J. L. Pugh, 


7. J. L. M. Curry. 


3. 


A. B. Meek, 

C. S. Tarpley, 




Mississippi. 


J. W. Matthews. 


1. 


J. F. Cushman, 


3. 


B. Matthews, 


5. H. T. Ellett. ' 


2. 


J. A. Orr, 


4. 


William M. Estelle, 








Louisiana. 






C. J. Villerre, 






W. A. Elmore. 


1. 


T. Landry, 


3. 


T. 0. Moore, 


4. H. Gray. 


2. 


J. McVea, 




Texas. 






William E. Scurry 


) 


M. D. Ector. 


1. 


A. J. Hood, 


2. 


A. J. Hamilton. 
Arkansas. 






L. H. Hempstead, 




N. B. Burrow. 


1. 


J. J. Green, 

W. H. Polk, 


2. 


J. McCoy. 
Tennessee. 


D. M. Key. 


1. 


J. G. Harris, 


5. 


J. M. McHenry, 


8. G. G. Poindexter, 


2. 


E. L. Gardenhire, 


6. 


J. H. Thomas, 


9. J. D. C. Atkins, 


3. 


, S. Pawel, 


7. 


J. J. Brown, 


10. D. M. Currin. 


4. 


E. A. Keeble, 
E. Hise, 




Kentucky. 


J. A. Finn. 


1. 


, J. W. Stevenson, 


5. 


George W. Williams, 8. R. W. Woolley, 


2, 


, S. Cravens, 


6. 


. Benjamin F. Rice, 


9. R. H. Stanton, 


3, 


, I. T. Hawkins, 


7. 


William D. Reed, 


10. Hiram Kelsey. 


4, 


. B. Magoffin, 









470 



APPENDIX. 









Ohio. 






C. B. Smith, 






J. B. Stallo. 


1. 


J. Perkins, 


8. 


J. E. Hubbell, 


15. J. M. Hodge, 


2. 


E. M. Corwine, 


9. 


E. G. Penningtor 


I, 16. Davis Green, 


3. 


P. Odlin, 


10. 


F. Cleaveland, 


17. M. Pennington, 


4. 


J. S. Conklin, 


11. 


J. Welch, 


18. J. S. Herrick, 


5. 


William Taylor, 


12. 


D. Humphrey, 


19. A. Wilcox, 


6. 


E. P. Evans, 


13. 


H. D. Cooke, 


20. J. Dumas, 


7. 


W. H. P. Denny, 

F. C. Beaman, 


14. 


E. Pardee, 
Michigan. 


21. A. E. Burs. 
0. Johnson. 


1. 


H. Chamberlain, 


3. 


C. H. Millen, 


4. Thomas J. Drake. 


2. 


W. H. Withey, 

G. N. Pitch, 




Indiana. 


M. M. Eay. 


1. 


S. H. Buskirk, 


5. 


S. K. Wolfe, 


9. D. D. Jones, • 


2. 


J. M. Hanna, 


6. 


0. Evarts, 


10. S. Mickle, 


3. 


W. T. Parrett, 


7. 


S. W. Short, 


11. E. Johnson. 


4. 


I. S. McClelland, 


8. 


F. P. Eandall, 
Illinois. 






A, M, Herring 


ton. 




C. H. Constable. 


1. 


M. L. Joslyn, 


4. 


I. P. Eichmond, 


7. W. A. J. Sparks, 


2. 


Hugh Maher, 


5. 


S. W. Moulton, 


8. J. A. Logan. 


3. 


E. Ilolloway, 

D. F. Miller, 


6. 


0. B. Ficklin, 
Iowa. 


H. T. Downey. 


1. 


W. M. Stone, 

A. Olvera, 


2. 


H. 0. Connor. 
California. 


George Freaner. 


1. 


P. Delia Torre, 


2. 


A. C. Bradford. 
Missouri. 






J. B. Henderson, 




J. B. Benjamin. 


1. 


W. Y. Slack, 


4. 


J. T. Coffee, 


6. W. D. McCracken, 


2. 


J. N. Burns, 


6. 


F. Kenneth, 


7. L. Cooke. 


3. 


J. W. Torbert, 

E. D. Holton, 




Wisconsin. 


W. D. Mclndoe. 


1. 


I. H. Knowlton, 


2. 


Billie Williams, 


3. G. Menzel. 



NINETEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1861. 

Abraham Lincoln was elected President, receiving the vote of California, 
Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, 
New Hampshire, New Jersey (4), New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Ehode 
Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin — 180. John C. Breckinridge received the vote of 
Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, 
North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas — 72. John Bell received the entire 
vote of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia — 39. Stephen A. Douglas received 
the vote of Missouri and New Jersey (3) — 12. Hannibal Hamlin was elected 
Vice-President, receiving 180, while Joseph Lane received 72, Edward Everett 39, 
and Herschel V. Johnson 12. The Electors were : 

Maine. 
William Willis, Abner Coburn. 

1. Louis O. Cowan, 3. George W. Pickering, 5. Andrew Peters, 

2. Daniel Howes, 4. William McGilvery, 6. William M. Eeed. 



APPENDIX. 



471 



John Sullivan, 
1. David Gillis, 



George Morey, 

1. James H. Mitchell, 

2. John M. Forbes, 

3. Charles Mattoon, 

4. John G. Whittier, 



New Hampshire. 
2. Nathaniel Tolles, 



Ebenezer Stevens. 

3. Daniel Blaisdell. 



Massachusetts. 

Alfred Macy. 

5. John Nesmith, 9. Amasa Walker, 

6. Charles B. Hall, 10. Peleg W. Chandler, 

7. Keuben A. Chapman, 11. Charles Field. 

8. Gerry W. Cochrane, 



Khode Island. 
Thomas G. Turner, Latimer \V. Ballou. 

1. Elisha Harris, 2. David Buffum. 



"William Henry, 
1. Joseph Warner, 2. 



Vermont. 

Henry G. Eoot. 
Edward A. Cahoon, 3. D. W. C. Clarke. 



Connecticut. 
Chauncey F. Cleveland, Koger S. Baldwin. 

1. Samuel Austin, 3. Benjamin Douglas, 4. Frederick Wood. 

2. Augustus Brandegee, 



William C. Bryant, 

1. John A. King, 12. '. 

2. Andrew Carrigan, 13. 

3. Frederick Kapp, 14. 

4. Wm. A. Darling, 15. 

5. Rufus H. King, 16. 

6. John F. Winslow, 17. 

7. N. Edson Sheldon, 18. 

8. Henry Churchill, 19. 

9. Benjamin N. Hunting- 20. 

ton, 21. 

10. John J. Foote, 22. 

11. William Van Marter, 



New York. 



Frank L. Jones, 

Ezra M. Parsons, 24. 

John Greiner, Jr., 25. 

Edwards W. Fiske, 26, 

James Kelly, 27. 

Washington Smith, 28. 
William H. Robertson, 29, 

Jacob B. Carpenter, 30 

Jacob H. Ten Eyck, 31. 

Robert S. Hale, 32 

James R. Allaben, 33 



James O. Putnam. 

23. Sherman D. Phelps, 
Hiram Dewey, 
John E. Seeley, j 

Jas. S. Wads worth, 
Charles C. Parker, 
James Parker, 
Sigismund Kaufmann, 
George M. Grier, 
Abijah Beckwith, 
James L. Voorhees, 
Elisha S. Whalen. 



William Cook, 

1. Theodore Runyon, 3. 

2. Joseph C. Hornblower, 4. 



James Pollock, 

1. Edward C. Knight, 

2. Robert P. King, 

3. Henry Bumm, 

4. Robert M. Foust, 

5. Nathan Hilles, 

6. John M. Broomall, 

7. James W. Fuller, 

8. David E. Stout, 

9. Francis W. Christ, 

Samuel Jefferson, 
1. Robert B. Houston. 

E. Lewis Lowe, 

1. Elias Griswold, 

2. John Brooke Boyle, 



New Jersey. 

Joel Parker. 
George H. Brown, 5. Charles E. Elmer. 

Edward W. Ivins, 

Pennsylvania. 





Thomas M. Howe. 


10. 


David Mumma, Jr., 18. Samuel Calvin, 


11. 


David Taggart, 19. Edgar Cowan, 


12. 


Thomas R. Hull, 20. William McKennan, 


13. 


Francis B. Penneman, 21. John M. Kirkpatrick, 


14. 


Ulysses Mercur, 22. James Kerr, 


15. 


George Bressler, 23. Richard P. Roberts, 


16. 


A. Brady Sharpe, 24. Henry Souther, 


17. 


Daniel 0. Gehr, 25. John Greer. 




Delaware. 


fi) 


John Mustard. 

• 




Maryland. 




James L. Martin. 


3. 


Joshua Vansant, 5. John Ritchie, 


4. 


T. Parkin Scott, 6. James S. Franklin. 



472 



APPENDIX. 



Thomas Bruce, 

1. Lemuel J. Bowdon, 

2. John J. Jackson, 

3. F. T. Anderson, 

4. B. H. Shackelford, 

5. A. B. Caldwell, 



Alfred M. Scales, 

1. John W. Moore, 4. 

2. William B. Kodman, 5. 

3. William A. Allen, 6. 



Virginia. 

L. H. Chandler, 
Joseph Christian, 
William Lamb, 



Marmaduke Johnson. 

10. James Lyons, 

11. Richard B. Clay brook, 

12. William H. Anthony, 



9. John E. Edmunds, 18. J. W. Massie 



North Carolina. 

Edward Naham Haywood. 
A. W. Yenable, 7. J. A. Fox, 

J. E. McLean, 8. John A. Dickson. 

John M. Clement, 



South Carolina. 
Andrew P. Calhoun, William E. Martin. 

1. Thomas Y. Simmes, 3. George R Elliott, 5. Joseph F. Gist, 



2. John Williams, 



4. Tilman Watson, 



6. Eobert G. McCaw. 



A. H. Colquitt, 

1. Peter Cone, 

2. William M. Slaughter, 

3. O. C. Gibson, 



Georgia. 

4. Hugh Buchanan, 

5. Lewis Tumlin, 

6. Hardy Strickland, 



H. E. Jackson. 

7. W. A. Lofton, 

8. William M. Mcintosh. 



Kentucky. 



W. H. Wadsworth, 



E. L. Van Winkle. 



Q. Q. Quigley, 
S. A. Seavell, 
William Sampson, 
W. A. Hoskins, 



Baylie Peyton, 
J. W. Deaderich, 
O. P. Temple, 
Alfred Caldwell, 
S. S. Stanton, 



5. ,Phil Lee, 8. John M. Harlan, 

6. William M. Fulkerson, 9. John B. Huston, 

7. William C. Bullock, 10. W. S. Eankin. 

I■^L - --• 

Tennessee. 

N. G. Taylor. 

5. Ed. J. Golloday, 8. John F. House, 

6. William F. Kercheval, 9. Alvin Hawkins, 

7. John C. Brown, 10. Benjamin D. Nabors. 



Ohio. 
Frederick Hassaurek, Joseph M. Eoot. 

Benjamin Eggleston, 8. Abraham Thomson, 15. Joseph Ankeny, 
William M. Dickson, 9. John F. Henkle, ~ ' 

Frank McWhiney, 10. Hezekiah S. Bundy, 
John Eiley Knox, 11. Daniel B. Stewart, 

Dresden W.H.Howard,12. Eichard P. L. Baber, 
John M. Kellum, 13. John Beatty, 

Nelson Eush, 14. Willard Slocum, 



16. Edward Ball, 

17. John A. Davenport, 

18. William K. Upham, 

19. Samuel B. Philbrick, 

20. George W. Brooke, 

21. Norman K. Mackenzie. 



0. Eosseau, 

1. Trasimond Landry, 

2. B. B. Simmes, 

A. K. Blythe, 

1. Thomas W. Harris, 

2. Eichard Harrison, 



Louisiana. 



3. J. G. Olivier, 



Mississippi. 



P. F. Liddell, 
J. B. Chrisman, 



B. Avegno. 

4. W. M. Levy. 



J. A. Green. 

5. Livingston Mims. 



APPENDIX. 473 



Indiana. 
John L. Mansfield, Cyrus M. Allen. 

1. M. C. Hunter, 5. David 0. Dailey, 9. Reuben H. Riley, 

2. Nelson Trusler, 6. Will Cumback, 10. Samuel A. Huff, 

3. John Hanna, 7. John W. Ray, 11. Isaac Jenkinson. 

4. James N. Tyner, 8. John H. Farquhar, 

Illinois. 
Leonard Sweet, Allen C. Fuller. 

1. Lawrence Weldon, 4. John M. Palmer, 7. James C. Conkling, 

2. James Stark, " 5. William B. Plato, 8. Thomas G. Allen, 

3. HenryP. H.Bromwell, 6. William P. Kellogg, 9. John Olney. 

Alabama. 
David Hubbard, John T. Morgan. 

1. J. S. Dickinson, 4. J. W. Garrott, 6. R. C. Brickell, 

2. Ely S. Shorter, 5. John S. Kennedy, 7. R. W. Cobb. 

3. C. A. Battle, 

MiSSOTIKI. 

John B. Henderson, Robert S. Bevier. 

1. John B. Hale, 4. Mordecai Oliver, 6. Francis Hagan, 

2. James F. V. Thomson, 5. E. T. Wingo, 7. Richard H. Stevens. 

3. George G. Vest, 

Arkansas. 
William W. Floyd, Theodric F. Sorrels. 

1. William W. Leake, 2. George W. Taylor. 

Michigan. 
Hezekiah G. Wells, Rufus Hasmer. 

1. George W. Lee, 3. Philotas Hayden, 4. Augustus Coburn. 

2. Edward Dorsch, 

Florida. 
George W. Call, J. Patton Anderson. 

1. J. Myrick Gorrie. 

Texas. 
M. D. Graham, Thomas M. Waul. 

1. A. T. Rainey, 2. John A. Wharton. 

Iowa. 
Fitz Henry Warren, Joseph A. Chapline. 

1. M. L. McPherson, 2. Charles Pomeroy. 

Wisconsin. 
Walter Mclndoe, Bradford Rixford. 

1. J. Allen Barber, 2. William W. Vaughan, 3. Herman Linderman. 

California. 
Charles A. Washburn, W. H. Weeks. 

1. Charles A. Tuttle, 2. Antonio M. Pico. 

Minnesota. 
Stephen Miller, William Pfaender. 

1. Clark W. Thompson, 2. Charles McClure. 

Oregon. 
T. J. Dryer, B. J. Pengra. 

1. William H. Watkins. 

31 



474 APPENDIX. 



THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. 



CHIEF JUSTICES. 

John Jay, of New York, appointed by the President, with the advice and con- 
sent of the Senate, September 26, 1789. Nominated April 16, and confirmed 
April 19, 1794, Envoy Extraordinary to England. Kesigned as Chief Justice. 
Successor appointed July 1, 1795. 

John Kutledge, of South Carolina, appointed July 1, 1795, in recess of Senate, 
in place of John Jay, resigned, and presided on the bench at August Term, 1795. 
Nominated December 10, and rejected by the Senate December 15, 1795. 

William Gushing, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed, 
&c., January 27, 1796, in place of John Jay, resigned. Declined the appointment. 
He was then an Associate Justice. 

Oliver Ellsworth, of Connecticut. Nomination confirmed and appointed, 
&c., March 4, 1796, in place of W. Cushing, declined. Appointed Envoy Extra- 
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to France, February 27, 1799. He pre- 
sided on the bench at the August Term, 1799. Proceeded on his mission to 
France, November 3, 1799. Kesigned as Chief Justice. Successor appointed 
December 19, 1800. 

John Jay, G-overnor of New York. Nomination confirmed and appointed, 
&c., December 19, 1800, in place of Oliver Ellsworth, resigned. Declined the 
appointment. 

John Marshall, Secretary of State.* Nomination confirmed January 27, and 
appointed, &c., January 31, 1801, in place of John Jay, declined. Died in 1885. 

EoQER B. Taney, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed, &c., 
March 15, 1836, in the place of John Marshall, deceased. Died in Washington 
City, October 12, 1864. 



ASSOCIATE JUSTICES 

or THE SUPREME COURT Or THE UNITED STATES. 

John Eutledge, of South Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed 
September 26, 1789. Kesigned, and Thomas Johnson appointed. 

William Ctjshing, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed September 26, 
and appointed September 27, 1789. Died, and Levi Lincoln appointed. 

James Wilson, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed September 26, and 
appointed September 29, 1789. Died, and Bushrod Washington appointed. 

John Blair, of Virginia. Nomination confirmed September 26, and appointed 
September 30, 1789. Kesigned, and Samuel Chase appointed. 

Robert H. Harrison, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed September 26, 
1789. Kesigned, and James Iredell appointed. 

* John Marshall, Secretary of State, was nominated to the Senate as Chief Justice, Janu- 
ary 20, 1801, was confirmed on the 27th, commissioned on the 31st, and presided on the 
bench of the Supreme Court from the 4th to the 9th of February, or during February Term, 
1801. From a message of the President to Congress, accompanied by a report from John 
Marshall, Secretary of State, dated February 27, 1801, it appears that he also continued to 
act in the latter capacity until that day, and from other circumstances, that he continued 
to act as such until March 3, 1801, on which day the then administration terminated. 



APPENDIX. 475 



James Iredell, of North Carolina. Appointed in recess of Senate, in place 
of Kobert H. Harrison, resigned. Nomination confirmed and appointed February 
10, 1790. Died, and Alfred Moore appointed. 

Thomas Johnson, of Maryland. Appointed August 5, 1791, in recess of Senate, 
in place of John Rutledge, resigned. Nomination confirmed and appointed No- 
vember 7, 1791. Resigned, and William Paterson appointed. 

William Paterson, Governor of New Jersey. Nomination confirmed and 
appointed March 4, 1793, in place of Thomas Johnson, resigned. Died, and 
Brockholst Livingston appointed. 

Samuel Chase, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed January 
27, 1796, in place of John Blair, resigned. Died, and Gabriel Duval appointed. 

BusHROD Washington, of Virginia. Appointed September 29, 1798, in recess 
of Senate, in place of James Wilson, deceased. Nomination confirmed and ap- 
pointed December 30, 1798. Died, and Henry Baldwin appointed. 

Alfred Moore, of North Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed 
December 10, 1799, in place of James Iredell, deceased. Resigned, and William 
Johnson appointed. 

William Johnson, of South Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed 
March 26, 1804, in place of Alfred Moore, resigned. (Confirmed and appointed 
Collector of the Customs, February 22, 1819, and declined the appointment:) 
Died in 1834, and James M. Wayne appointed. 

Thomas Todd, of Kentucky. Nomination confirmed March 2, and appointed 
March 3, 1807. 

Brockholst Livingston, of New York. Appointed November 10, 1806, in 
recess of Senate, in place of William Paterson, deceased. Nomination confirmed 
and appointed December 17, 1806. Died, and Smith Thompson appointed. 

Levi Lincoln, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed Janu- 
ary 3, 1811, in place of William Cushing, deceased. Declined the appointment, 
and John Quincy Adams appointed. 

John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed 
February 22, 1811, in place of Levi Lincoln, declined. Declined the appointment, 
and Joseph Story appointed. 

Joseph Story, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed No- 
vember 18, 1811, in place of John Quincy Adams, declined. Died, and Levi 
Woodbury appointed. 

Gabriel Duval, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed Novem- 
ber 18, 1811, in the place of Samuel Chase, deceased. Resigned, and Philip P. 
Barbour appointed. 

Smith Thompson, of New York. Appointed September 1, 1823, in recess of 
the Senate, in place of Brockholst Livingston, deceased. Nomination confirmed 
and appointed December 9, 1823. Died, and Samuel Nelson appointed. 

Robert Trimble, of Kentucky. Nomination confirmed and appointed May 9, 
1826, in the place of Thomas Todd, deceased. Died, and John McLean ap- 
pointed. 

John McLean, of Ohio. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 7, 1829, 
in the place of Robert Trimble, deceased. 

Henry Baldwin, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed and appointed 
January 6, 1830, in place of Bushrod Washington, deceased. Died, and R. 0. 
Grier appointed. 

James M. Wayne, of Georgia. Nomination confirmed and appointed Janu- 
ary 9, 1835, in place of William Johnson, deceased. 

Philip P. Barbour, of Virginia. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 
15, 1836, in place of Gabriel Duval, resigned. Died, and P. V. Daniel appointed. 

John Catron, of Tennessee. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 8, 
1837. 

William Smith, of Alabama. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 
8, 1837. Declined the appointment, and John McKinley appointed. 

John McKinley, of Alabama. Appointed April 22, 1837, in recess of the 
Senate, in place of William Smith, declined. Nomination confirmed and ap- 
pointed September 25, 1837. 



476 



APPENDIX. 



Peter V. Daniel, of Virginia. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 
3, 1841, in place of Philip P. Barbour, deceased. 

Samuel Nelson, of New York. Nomination confirmed and appointed Febru- 
ary 14, 1845, in place of Smith Thompson, deceased. 

Levi Woodbury, of New Hampshire. Appointed September 20, 1845, in re- 
cess of the Senate, in place of Joseph Story, deceased. Nomination confirmed 
and appointed January 3, 1846. 

Egbert C. Grier, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed and appointed 
August 4, 1846, in place of Henry Baldwin, deceased. 

Benjamin Bobbins Curtis, of Massachusetts. Appointed during the recess of 
the Senate, in place of Levi Woodbury, deceased. Nomination confirmed and 
appointed December 20, 1851. Resigned. 

James A. Campbell, of Alabama. Appointed in 1853. Eesigned May 1, 1861. 

Nathan Clifford, of Maine. Appointed in 1858. 

Noah Swayne, of Ohio. Appointed in 1862. 

Samuel H. Miller, of Iowa. Appointed in 1862. 

David Davis, of Illinois. Appointed in 1862. 

Stephen J. Field, of California. Appointed in 1863. 



CLEEKS OF THE SUPEEME COUET OF THE UNITED 

STATES. 

John Tucker, of Massachusetts, appointed February 3, 1790. Eesigned. 
Samuel Bayard, of Delaware, appointed August 1, 1791. Eesigned. 
Elias B. Caldwell, of New Jersey, appointed August 15, 1800. Died. 
William Griffith, of New Jersey, appointed February 9, 1826. Died. 
William T. Carroll, District of Columbia, appointed January 20, 1827. 
T. Wesley Middleton, District of Columbia, appointed in 1862. Present 
incumbent. 



REPOETEES OF DECISIONS OF THE SUPEEME COUET. 



Alexander J. Dallas, reported from 1789 to 1800, inclusive. 



William Cranch, 
Henry Wheaton, 
EiCHARD Peters, Jr., 
Benjamin C. Howard, 
Jeremiah S. Black, 
John William Wallace, 



1801 to 1815, 
1816 to 1827, 
1828 to 1842, 
1843 to 1862, 
1862 to 1864, 
1864. Present incumbent. 



MARSHALS OF THE UNITED STATES ATTENDANT ON 
THE SUPEEME COUET. 

Under the construction of the Judiciary Act of 1789, the Marshals of all the 
Districts were required to attend the sessions of the Supreme Court, until, by the 



APPENDIX. 477 



Act of June 9, 1794, the Marshal of the District alone in which the Court shall sit 
was required to attend its sessions. 

David Lenox, Marshal of the District of Pennsylvania, attended from Janu- 
ary 28, 1794, to February, 1801. 

Daniel Carroll Brent, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from 
August 3, 1801, to August, 1808. 

Washington Boyd, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from Feb- 
ruary 1, 1808, to August, 1818. 

Tench Ringgold, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from Novem- 
ber 30, 1818, to August, 1831. 

Henry Ashton, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from February 
4, 1831, to February, 1834. 

Alexander Hunter, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from 
March 6, 1834, to December, 1848. 

Egbert Wallace, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from Decem- 
ber 5, 1848, to December, 1849. 

Richard Wallach, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from De- 
cember 4, 1849, to May, 1853. 

Jonah D. Hoover, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from May 
31, 1853, to April, 1858. 

William Selden, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from April 
1, 1858 to 1861. 

Ward H. Lamon, attended from 1861. 

Couri meets first Monday in December, at Washington. 



478 



APPENDIX. 



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APPENDIX. 499 



THE DECLARATION OE INDEPENDENCE. 



Proceedings in the Congress of the United Colonies respect- 
ing "A Declaration op Independence, by the Eepresentatives 
op the United States op America, in Congress assembled," 

Saturday, June 8, 1776. 

Resolved^ That the resolutions respecting independency be referred to a Com- 
mittee of the whole Congress. 

The Congress then resolved itself into a Committee of the "Whole ; and, after 
some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported, that the 
Committee have taken into consideration the matter to them referred, but not 
having come to any resolution thereon, directed him to move for leave to sit again 
on Monday. 

Resolved^ That this Congress will, on Monday next, at 10 o'clock, resolve 
itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take into further consideration the reso- 
lutions referred to them. 

Monday, June 10, 1776. 

Agreeable to order, the Congress resolved itself into a Committee of the 
Whole, to take into their further consideration the resoluticftis to them referred ; 
and, after some time spent thereon, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. 
Harrison reported that the Committee have had under consideration the matters 
referred to them, and have come to a resolution thereon, which they directed hini 
to report. 

The resolution agreed to in Committee of the Whole being read, — 
Resolved, That the consideration of the first resolution be postponed to Mon- 
day, the first day of July next; and in the meanwhile, that no time be lost, in 
case the Congress agree thereto, that a Committee be appointed to prepare a de- 
claration to the eftect of the said first resolution, which is in these words: "That 
these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States; 
that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown ; and that all 
political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to 
be, totally dissolved." 

Tuesday, June 11, 1776. 

Resolved, That the Committee for preparing the Declaration consist of five. 
The members chosen, Mr. Jefferson, Mr. Jolin Adams, Mr. Franklin, Mr. Sher- 
man, and Mr. E. E. Livingston. 

Tuesday, June 25, 1776. 

A declaration of the Deputies of Pennsylvania, met in Provincial Conference, 
was laid before Congress and read, expressing their willingness to concur in a vote 
of Congress declaring the United Colonies free and independent States. 

Friday, June 28, 1776. 

"Francis Hopkinson, one of the Delegates from New Jersey, attended and pro- 
duced the credentials of their appointment," containing the following instructions : 



500 APPENDIX. 



" If you shall judge it necessary or expedient for this purpose, we empower you to 
join in declaring the United Colonies independent of Great Britain, entering into 
a confederation for union and common defence," &c. 

Monday, July 1, 1776. 

"A resolution of the Convention of Maryland, passed the 28th of June, was laid 
before Congress and read," containing the following instructions to their deputies 
in Congress : "That the deputies of said Colony, or any three or more of them, be 
authorized and empowered to concur with the other TJnited Colonies, or a majo- 
rity of them, in declaring the United Colonies free and independent States ; in 
forming such further compact and confederation between them," «fcc. 

The order of the day being read : 

Resolved, That this Congress will resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole, 
to take into consideration the resolution respecting independency. 

That the Declaration be referred to said Committee. 

The Congress resolved itself into a Committee of the Whole. After some time 
the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the Committee 
had come to a resolution, which they desired him to report, and to move for leave 
to sit again. 

The resolution agreed to by the Committee of the Whole being read, the deter- 
mination thereof was, at the request of a Colony, postponed until to-morrow. 

Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, resolve itself into a Committee of 
the Whole, to take into consideration the Declaration respecting independence. 

Tuesday, July 2, 1776. 

The Congress resumed the consideration of the resolution reported from the 
Committee of the Whole, which was agreed to as follows : 

Eesolvb-d, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, Free and Inde- 
pendent States ; that they are absolvedfrom all allegiance to the British crown, and that 
all political connection between them and the State of Gh^eat Britain is, and ought to be, 
totally dissolved. 

Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved itself into a Committee 
of the Whole ; and after some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. 
Harrison reported, that the Committee have had under consideration the Declara- 
tion to them referred ; but not having had time to go through the same, desired 
him to move for leave to sit again. 

Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, again resolve itself into a Com- 
mittee of the Whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration re- 
specting independence. 

Wednesday, July 3, 1776. 

Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved itself into a Committee 
of the Whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration ; and after 
some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the 
Committee, not having yet gone through it, desired leave to sit again. 

Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, again resolve itself into a Com- 
mittee of the Whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration of 
Independence. 

Thursday, July 4, 1776. 

Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved itself into a Committee 
of the Whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration ; and after 
some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the 
Committee had agreed to a Declaration, which they desired him to report. 

The Declaration being read, was agreed to as follows : 



APPENDIX. 501 



A Declaration by the Eepresentatives of the United States of 
America, in Congress assembled. 

When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to 
dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to 
assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which 
the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions 
of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the 
separation. 

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ; that 
they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights ; that among 
these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, 
governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the con- 
sent of the governed ; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive 
of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute 
a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its 
powers in such form, as. to them shall seem most likely to eflect their safety and 
happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established, 
should not be changed for light and transient causes ; and accordingly, all expe- 
rience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suiter, while evils are suf- 
ferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are ac- 
customed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably 
the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is 
their right, it is their duty, to throw oil' such government, and to provide new 
guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these 
Colonies, and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former 
systems of government. The historj' of the present king of Great Britain is a 
history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having, in direct object, the 
establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts 
be submitted to a candid world : 

He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the 
public good. 

He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing import- 
ance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained ; and 
when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. 

He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of 
people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the Le- 
gislature ; a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. 

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and 
distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatigu- 
ing them into compliance with his measures. 

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, with manly 
firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. 

He has refused, for a long time after such dissolutions, to cause others to be 
elected ; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned 
to the people at large for their exercise; the State remaining, in the mean time, 
exposed to all the danger of invasion from without, and convulsions within. 

He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States : for that purpose, 
obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners ; refusing to pass others to 
encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new appropria- 
tions of lands. 

He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws 
for establishing judiciary powers. 

He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, 
and the amount and payment of their salaries. 

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers to 
harass our people and eat out their substance. 

He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the consent 
of our legislature. 



502 APPENDIX. 



He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the civil 
power. 

He has combined, with others, to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our con- 
stitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pre- 
tended legislation : 

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us : 

For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment, for any murders which 
they should commit on the inhabitants of these States : 

For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world : 

For imposing taxes on us without our consent : 

For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury : 

For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences : 

For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province, estab- 
lishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to 
render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute 
rule into these Colonies : 

For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering, 
fundamentally, the powers of our governments : 

For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with 
power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. 

He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and 
waging war against us. 

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed 
the lives of our people. 

He is, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete 
the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun, with circumstances of 
cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally un- 
worthy the head of a civilized nation. 

He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear 
arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and breth- 
ren, or to fall themselves by their hands. 

He has excited domestic insurrections among us, and has endeavored to bring- 
on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known 
rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction, of all ages, sexes, and condi- 
tions. 

In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for redress in the most 
humble terms ; our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. 
A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, 
is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. 

Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have 
warned them, from time to time, of attempts made by their legislature to extend 
an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circum- 
stances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native 
justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them, by the ties of our common 
kindred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our con- 
nections and correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of justice 
and consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity which de- 
mands our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in 
war, in peace, friends. 

We, therefore, the Eepresentatives of the United States of America, in G-eneral 
Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude 
of our intentions, do, in the name and by the authority of the good people of 
these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and, 
of right, ought to be, free and independent States ; that they are absolved from all 
allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between, them 
and the State of Great Britain, is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that, as 
free and independent States, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, 
contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which 
independent States may of right do. And, for the support of this Declaration, with 
a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to 
each other, our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. 



APPENDIX. 



503 



The foregoing Declaration was, by order of Congress, engrossed, and signed by 
the following members : 



Josiah Bartlett, 

Samuel Adams, 
John Adams, 

Stephen Hopkins, 



Roger Sherman, 
Samuel Huntington, 



William Floyd, 
Philip Livingston, 



Richard Stockton, 
John Witherspoon, 



Robert Morris, 
Benjamin Rush, 
Benjamin Franklin, 



Caesar Rodney, 



Samuel Chase, 



New Hampshire. 
William Whipple, 

Massachusetts Bay. 
Robert Treat Paine, 

Rhode Island. 

William Ellery. 

Connecticut. 
William Williams, 

New York. 
Francis Lewis, 

New Jersey. 
Francis Hopkinson, 
John Hart, 

Pennsylvania. 
John Morton, 
George Clymer, 
James Smith, 

Delaware. 
George Read, 

Maryland. 
William Paca, 



Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, 



Virginia. 



George Wythe, 
Richard Henry Lee, 
Thomas Jetferson, 



William Hooper, 



Edward Rutledge, 
Thomas Hey ward, Jr., 



Button Gwinnett, 



Benjamin Harrison, 
Thomas Nelson, Jr., 



North Carolina. 
Joseph Hewes, 

South Carolina. 
Thomas Lynch, Jr., 

Georgia. 
Lyman Hall, 



John Hancock. 

Matthew Thornton. 

Elbridge Gerry. 



Oliver Wolcott. 



Lewis Morris. 



Abraham Clark. 



George Taylor, 
James Wilson, 
George Ross. 



Thomas McKean. 
Thomas Stone. 



Francis Lightfoot Lee, 
Carter Braxton. 



John Penn. 



Arthur Middleton. 



George Walton. 



Resolved, That copies of the Declaration be sent to the several assemblies, con- 
ventions, and committees, or councils of safety, and to the several commanding 
officers of the Continental troops ; that it be proclaimed in each of the United 
States, and at the head of the army. 



504 



APPENDIX. 



SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, 

IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED, JULY 4, 1776. 

The following List of Members of the Continental Congress, who signed the De- 
claration of Independence (although the names are included in the general list 
of that Congress, from 1774 to 1788), is given separately, for the purpose of 
showing the places and dates of their birth, and the time of their respective 
deaths, for convenient reference : 



NAMES OF THE SIGNERS. 



DELEGATED FROM 



Adams, John, 

Adams, Samuel, 

Bartlett, Josiab, 

Braxton, Carter, 

Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton, 

Chase, Samuel, 

Clark, Abraham, 

Clymer, George 

Ellery, William, 

Floyd, William, 

Franklin, Benjamin, . . . . 

Gerry, Blbridge, 

Gwinnett, Button, 

Hall, Lyman, 

Hancock, John, 

Harrison, Benjamin, . . . . 

Hart, John, 

Heyward, Thomas. Jr., . . . 

Hewes, Joseph, 

Hooper, William, 

Hopkins, Stephen, 

Hopkinson, Francis, .... 
Huntington, Samuel, .... 

Jefferson, Thomas, 

Lee, Francis Lightfoot, . . . 
Lee, Eichard Henry, .... 

Le^vis, Francis, 

Livingston, Philip, .... 
Lynch, Thomas, Jr., .... 

McKean, Thomas, 

Middleton, Arthur, . . . . 

Morris, Lewis, 

Morris, Robert, 

Morton, John, 

Nelson, Thomas, Jr., .... 

Paca, William, 

Paine, Robert Treat, .... 

Penn, John, 

Read, George, 

Rodney, Cfesar, 

Ross, George, 

Rush, Benjamin. M.D., . . . 

Rutledge, Edward, 

Sherman, Roger, 

Smith, James, 

Stockton, Richard, . . . . 

Stone, Thomas, 

Taylor, George, 

Thornton, Matthew, .... 

Walton, George, 

Whipple, William, 

Williams, William, .... 

Wilson, James, 

Witherspoon, John, .... 

Wolcott, Oliver, 

Wythe, George, 



Braintree, Mass., October 19, 



Sept. 27, 
in Nov. 
Sept. 10, 
Sept. 20, 
April 17 



Boston, '• 

Amesbury, " 
Newington, Va., 
Annapolis, Md., 
Somerset Co., Md 
Elizabethtown, N. J., Feb. 15, 
Philadelphia, Penna., in 
Newport, R. I., Dec. 22, 

Suffolk Co., N. Y., Dec. 17, 
Boston, Mass., Jan. 17, 

Marblehead, Mass., July 17, 
England, in 

, Conn., in 

Braintree, Mass., in 

Berkeley, Va., 

Hopewell, N J., 

St. Luke's, S. C, 

Kingston, N. J., 

Boston, Mass., 

Scituate, " 

Philadelphia, Penna., in 

Windham, Conn., July 3, 

Shadwell, Va., April 13, 

Stratford, " October 14, 

Stratford, ■' 

Landaff, W.iles, 

Albany, N. Y.. 

St. George's, S. C, Aug. 5, 

Chester Co.. Pa., March 19, 

Middleton Place, S. C, in 

Morrisania, N. Y., in 



about 



June 17, 
March 7, 



January 20, 

in March, 

January 15, 



Lancashire, Eng, 
Ridley, Penna., 
York, Va,, 
Wye Hill, Md., 
Boston, Mass., 
Caroline Co., Va., 
Cecil Co., Md., 
Dover, Del., 
New Castle. Del., 
Byberry, Penna., 
Charleston, S. C, 
Newton, Mass., 

Ireland. 



Jan. 17 

in 

Dec. 26, 

October 31, 

in 

May 17, 



Dec. 24, 

in Nov. 

April 19, 



1735 
1722 
1729 
1730 
173' 
1741 
1726 
1739 
172' 
1734 
1706 
1744 
1732 
1(31 
1737 

1715 
1746 
1730 
1742 
1707 
1737 
1732 
1743 
1734 
1732 
1713 
1716 
1749 
1734 
1743 
1726 
33-4 
1724 
1738 
1740 
1731 
1741 
1734 
1730 
1730 
1745 
1749 
1721 



Princeton, N. J., October 1, 17 
Charles Co., Md., 

, Ireland, 

, Ireland, 

Frederick Co., Va., 



Kittery, Maine, 
Lebanon, Conn., 
Scotland, 
Yester, Scotland, 
Windsor, Conn., 



Elizabeth City Co., Va., 



April 8, 
about 
Feb 5, 

Nov. 26, 



1730 
1742 
1716 
1714 
1740 
1730 
1731 
1742 
1722 
1726 
1726 



Massachusetts, . 
Massachusetts, . 
New Hampshire, 
Virginia, . . . 
Maryland, . . . 
Maryland, . . . 
New Jersey, . . 
Pennsylvania, . 
R. I. and Prov. PI, 
New York, . . 
Pennsylvania, . 
Massachusetts, . 
Georgia, . . . 
Georgia, . . . 
Mas.sachusetts, . 
Virginia, . . . 
New Jersey, . , 
South Carolina, . 
North Carolina, . 
North Carolina, . 
R.I, and Prov. PI. 
New Jersey, . . 
Connecticut, . . 
Virginia, . . . 
Virginia, . , . 
Virginia, . . . 
New York, . . . 
New York, . . . 
South Carolina, . 
Delaware, . . . 
South Carolina, . 
New York, . . . 
Pennsylvania, . 
Pennsylvania, . 
Virginia, . . , 
Maryland, . . . 
Massachusetts, . 
North Carolina, . 
Delaware, . . . 
Delaware, . . . 
Pennsylvania, . 
Pennsylvania, . 
South Carolina, . 
Connecticut, . . 
Pennsylvania, . 
New Jersey, . . 
Maryland, . . . 
Pennsylvania, . 
New Hamijshire, 
Georgia. . . . 
New Hampshire, 
Connecticut, . . 
Pennsylvania, . 
New Jersey, . . 
Connecticut, . . 
Virginia, . . . 



July 4, 
October 2, 
May 19, 
October 10, 
Novem. 14, 
June 19, 
September, 
January 23, 
Feb'y 15, 
August 4, 
April 17, 
Novem. 23, 
May 27, 
February, 
October 8, 
April, 

March, 
Novem. 10, 
October, 
July 13, 
May 9, 
January 5, 
July 4, 
April, 
Juno 19, 
Decem. 30, 
June 12, 
Lost at sea, 
June 24, 
January 1, 
January 22, 
May 8, 
April, 
January 4, 

May'll, 
October 26, 



July, 
April 19, 
January 23, 
July 23, 
July 11, 
Feb"y 28, 
October 5, 
Feb'y 23, 
June 24, 
Feb'y 2, 
Novem. 28, 
August 2, 
August 28, 
Novem. 15, 
December 1, 
June 8, 



1826 
1803 
1795 
1797 
18.32 
1811 
1794 
1813 
1820 
1821 
1790 
1814 
1777 
1790 
1793 
1791 
1780 
1809 
1779 
1790 
1785 
1790 
1796 
1826 
1797 
1794 
1803 
1778 
1779 
1817 
1787 
1798 
1806 
1777 
1789 
1799 
1804 
1809 
1798 
1783 
1779 
1813 
1800 
1793 
1806 
1781 
1787 
1781 
1803 
1805 
1785 
1811 
1798 
1794 
1797 
1806 



APPENDIX. 



505 



MEMBERS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, 

FROM 1774 TO 1788. 



New Hampshire. 



Bartlett, Josiah, 
Blanchard, Jonathan 
Folsom, Nathaniel, 



Foster, Abiel, . . 
Frost, George, . . 
Gilman, John Taylor, 
Gilman, Nicholas, . 
Langdon, John, 

Langdon, Woodbury, 
Livermore, Samuel, 

Long, Pierce, . . 
Peabody, Nathaniel, 
Sullivan, John, . . 
" " • . . 

Thornton, Matthew, 
Wentworth, John, Jr 
Whipple, William, 
White, Phillips, . 
Wingate, Paine, . 



Massachusetts 

Adams, John, . . 
Adams, Samuel, 
Gushing, Thomas, . 
Dana, Francis, . . 

Dane, Nathan, . . 
Gerry, Elbridge, . 

Gorham, Nathaniel, 

Hancock, John, 



Higginson, Stephen, 
Holten, Samuel, 



Jackson, Jonathan 
King, Rufus, 
Lovell, James, . 
Lowell, John, . 



1775, 
1783, 
1774, 

1777, 
1779, 
1783, 
1777, 
1782, 
1786, 
1775, 
1786, 
1779, 
1780, 
1785, 
1784, 
1779, 
1774, 
1780, 
1776, 
1778, 
1776, 
1782, 
1787, 



1774, 
1774, 
1774, 
1776, 
1784, 
1785, 
1776, 
1782, 
1782, 
178.5, 
1775, 
1785, 
1782, 
1778, 
1782, 
1784, 
1786, 
1782, 
1784, 
1776, 
1782, 



'79 
'84 

'75 
'78 
'80 
'85 
'79 
'83 
'88 
'77 
'87 
'80 
'83 
'86 
'86 
'80 
'75 
'81 
'78 
'79 
'79 
'83 



'78 
'82 
'76 
'78 
'84 
'88 
'81 
'85 
'83 
'87 
'80 
'86 
'83 
'80 
'83 
'85 
'87 
'82 
'87 
'82 
'83 



Osgood, Samuel, . 
Otis,, Samuel A., . 
Paine, Eobert Treat, 
Partridge, George, 

i( II 

Sedgwick, Theodore, 
Sullivan, James, . 
Thacher, George, . 
Ward, Artemas, . 



Rhode Island 



Arnold, Jonathan, 
Arnold, Peleg, . 
Collins, John, . 
Cornell, Ezekiel, 
Ellery, William, 
(I II 

Hazard, Jonathan, 
Hopkins, Stephen, 

a II 

Howell, David, . 

Manning, , . 

Marchant, Henry, 

II II 

Miller, Nathan, 

Mowry, , 

Yarnum, James M 

(( II 

Ward, Samuel, . . 



Connecticut. 
Adams, Andrew, . 



Cook, Joseph P., . 
Deane, Silas, . . . 
Dyer, Eliphalet, 

(I 11 

Edwards, Pierpont, 
Ellsworth, Oliver, . 
Hillhouse, William, 
Hosmer, "Titus, . . 



Huntington, Benjamin, 
t( II - 

Huntington, Samuel, . 
Johnson, William S. , 



FROM 

1780, 
1787, 
1774, 
1779, 
1783, 
1785, 
1782, 
1787, 
1780, 



1782, 
1787, 
1778, 
1780, 
1776, 
1783, 
1787, 
1774, 
1778, 
1782, 
1785, 
1777, 
1783, 
1785, 
1781, 
1780, 
1786, 
1774, 



1777, 
1781, 
1784, 
1774, 
1774, 
1780, 
1787, 
1777, 
1783, 
1775, 
1777, 
1780, 
1787, 
1776, 
1784, 



'84 
'88 
'78 
'82 
'85 
'88 
'82 
'88 
'81 



'84 
'88 
'83 
'83 
'80 
'85 
'88 
'77 

'85 

'86 
'80 
'84 
'86 
'81 
'82 
'87 
'76 



'80 

'82 
'88 
'76 
'79 
'83 
'88 
'84 
'86 
'76 
'79 
'84 
'88 
'84 
'87 



33 



506 



APPENDIX. 



Law, Eichard, . . . 
Mitchell, Stephen M., 



Koot, Jesse, . . . 
Sherman, Roger, . 
Spencer, Joseph, . 
Strong, Jedediah, . 
Stnrges, Jonathan, 
Treadwell, John, . 
Trumbull, Joseph, 
Wadsworth, James, 

Wadsworth, Jeremiah 
Williams, William 

Wolcott, Oliver, . 



New York. 



Alsop, John, 
Benson, Egbert, 

t< 11 

Boerum, Simon, 
Clinton, George, 
De Witt, Charles, 
Duane, James, . 
Duer, William, . 
Flo^rd, William, 



G-ansevoort, Leonard, 
Hamilton, Alexander, 



Haring, John, 
Jay, John, 



Lansing, John, . 
Lawrance, John, 
Lewis, Francis, . 
Livingston, Philip, 
Livingston, Eobert K 

Livingston, Walter, 
Low, Isaac, . . . 
L'Hommedieu, Ezra, 



Morris, Gouverneur, . 
Morris, Lewis, . . . 
McDougall, Alexander, 



Paine, Ephraim, . 
Piatt, Zephaniah, . 
Schuyler, Philip, . 

" " 

Scott, John Morin, 
Smith, Melancthon, 
Wisner, Henry, 



FROM 

1777, 
1781, 
1783, 
1785, 
1787, 
1778, 
1774, 
1778, 
1782, 
1785, 
1785, 
1774, 
1783, 
1785, 
1787, 
1776, 
1783, 
1775, 
1780, 



1774, 
1784, 

1786, 
1774, 
1775, 
1783, 
1774, 
1777, 
1774, 
1778, 
1787, 
1782, 
1787, 
1774, 
1785, 
1774, 
1778, 
1784, 
1785, 
1777, 
1774, 
1775, 
1779, 
1784, 
1774, 
1779, 
1787, 
1777, 
1775, 
1781, 
1784, 
1784, 
1784, 
1775, 
1778, 
1780, 
1785, 
1774, 



'76 
'85 
'88 
'77 
'77 
'85 
'84 
'78 
'77 
'83 
'88 
'83 
'88 
'75 
'88 
'77 
'79 
'88 
'87 
'79 
'78 
'77 
'81 
'85 
'75 
'83 



'77 
'82 
'85 
'85 
'86 
'75 
'81 
'83 
'88 
'76 



Yates, Abraham, Jr., 
Yates, Peter W., . . . 

New Jersey. 

Beatty, John, . . 
Boudinot, Elias, . 



Burnett, W., . . 
Cadwallader, Lamber 
Clark, Abraham, . 

Condict, Silas, . . 

Cooper, John, . . 
Crane, Stephen, 

Dayton, Elias, . . 

De Hart, John, . . 

Dick, Samuel, . . 

Elmer, Jonathan, . 



t, 



Fell, John, . . . 
Frelinghuysen, Frederick, 



Henderson, Thomas, 
Hopkinson, Francis, 
Hornblower, Josiah, 
Houston, William C, 

Kinsey, James, . . 
Livingston, William, 
Neilson, John, . . 
Scheurman, J., . . 
Scudder, Nathaniel, 
Sergeant, Jonathan D 
Smith, Eichard, 

Stewart, , . 

Stockton, Eichard, 
Symmes, John C, . 
Witherspoon, John, 

Pennsylvania. 
Allen, Andrew, . 
Armstrong, John, 



Atlee, Samuel, . 
Bayard, John, . 
Biddle, Edward, 

Bingham, William, 
Clarkson, Matthew, 
Clingan, William, . 
Clymer, George, 



Dickinson, John, . 
Fitzsimmons, Thomas 
Franklin, Benjamin, 
Galloway, Joseph, . 
Gardner, Joseph, ' . 
Hand, Edward, . . 
Henry, William, . 



PROM 

1787, 
1785, 



1783, 
1777, 
1781, 
1780, 
1784, 
1776, 
1787, 
1781, 
1776, 
1774, 
1787, 
1774, 
1783, 
1776, 
1781, 
1787, 
1778, 
1778, 
1782, 
1779, 
1776, 
1785, 
1779, 
1784, 
1774, 
1774, 
1778, 
1786, 
1777, 
1776, 
1774, 
1784, 
1776, 
1785, 
1776, 



1775, 
1778, 
1787, 
1778, 
1785, 
1774, 
1778, 
1787, 
1785, 
1777, 
1776, 
1780, 
1774, 
1782, 
1775, 
1774, 
1784, 
1784, 
1784, 



'87 



APPENDIX. 



507 



Humphreys, Charles, 
IngersoU, Jared, 

Irwine, , 

Jackson, David, 
Matlack, Timothy, 
McClene, James, 

Meredith, , . 

Mifflin, Thomas, 

u a 

Morris, ChSrles, 
Morris, Robert, . 
Montgomery, John 
Morton, John, . 
Muhlenberg, Frederick A 
Peters, Richard, 
Pettit, Charles, . 

Read, , . . 

Reed, Joseph, . 
Rhodes, Samuel, 
Roberdeau, Daniel 
Ross, Qeorge, . 
Rush, Benjamin, 
Searle, James, . 
Shippen, "William, 
' Smith, James, . 
Smith, Jonathan B 
Smith, Thomas, . 
St. Clair, Arthur, 
Taylor, George, . 
Willing, Thomas, 
Wilson, James, . 



Wynkoop, Henry, 

Delaware 
Bedford, Gunning, . 



Bedford, Gunning, Jr 
Dickinson, John, , 

a u 

Dickinson, Philemon 

Evans, John, . . 
Kearney, Dyre, 
McComb, Eleazer, . 
Mitchell, Nathaniel, 
McKean, Thomas, 



Patton, John, . 
Peery, William, 
Read, George, . 
Rodney, Caesar, 



Rodney, Thomas, 

Sykes, James, . 
Tilton, James, . 
Van Dyke, Nicholas, 



1774, 
1780, 

1786, 
1785, 
1780, 



1774, 
1782, 
1783, 
1776, 
1780, 



1778, 
1782, 
1785, 
1787, 
1777, 
1774, 



1778, 
1778, 
1776, 
1777, 
1780, 
1785, 
1776, 
1775, 



'76 
'81 



'81 



1778, '80 
1787, 



'76 
'84 
'84 
'78 
'84 



1774, '77 



'80 
'83 
'87 
'88 
'78 
'75 



1777, '79 
1774, '77 
1776, '77 



'80 
'80 

'78 
'78 
'82 
'87 
'77 
'76 



1775, '78 

1782, '83 

1785, '87 

1779, '83 



1783, '85 
1786, '87 
'86 

'77 
'80 
'83 

'77 



84 



1785 

1776, 

1779, 

1782, 

1776, 

1786, 

1782, 

1786, 

1774, '76 

1778, 

1785, 

1785, 

1774, 

1774, 

1777, 

1783, 



86 
86 
77 
76 
78 
84 

1781, '83 
1785, '87 
1777, '78 
1783, '85 
1777, '82 



Vining, John, . . 
Wharton, Samuel, . 

Maryland 

Alexander, Robert, . 
Carmichael, William, 
Carroll, Charles, . 
Carroll, Daniel, 
Chase, Jeremiah T. 
Chase, Samuel, . . 



Contee, Benjamin, 
Forbes, James, . 
Forrest, Uriah, . , 
Goldsborough, Robert 
Hall, John, ... 



Hanson, John, . . 
Harrison, William, 
Hemsley, William, 
Henry, John, . 



Hindman, William 
Howard, John E., 
Jenifer, D., of St. Thomas 
Johnson, Thomas, 
Lee, Thomas Sim, 
Lloyd, Edward, 
Martin, Luther, 
McHenry, James, 
Paca, William, . 
Plater, George, . 
Potts, Richard, . 
Ramsay, Nathaniel 
Ridgely, Richard, 
Rogers, John, . 
Ross, David, 
Rumsey, Benjamin 
Scott, Gustavus, 
Seney, Joshua, . 
Smith, William, 
Stone, Thomas, . 



Tilghman, Matthew, 
Wright, Turbett, . 



Virginia 

Adams, Thomas, 
Banister, John, . 
Bland, Richard, 
Bland, Theodoric, 
Braxton, Carter, 
Brown, John, . 
Carrington, Edward, 

Fitzhugh, , 

Fleming, William, 
Grayson, William, 
Griffin, Cyrus, . . 



1784, 


'86 


1782, 


'83 


1775, 


'77 


1778, 


'80 


1776, 


'78 


1780, 


'84 


1783, 


'84 


1774, 


'78 


1784, 


'85 


1787, 


'88 


1778, 


'80 


1786, 


'87 


1774, 


'75 


1775, 


'76 


1783, 


'84 


1781, 


'83 


1785, 


'87 


1782, 


'84 


1778, 


'81 


1784, 


'87 


1784, 


'87 


1787, 


'88 


1778, 


'82 


1775, 


'77 


1783, 


'84 


1783, 


'84 


1784, 


'85 


1783, 


'86 


1774, 


'79 


1778, 


'81 


1781, 


'82 


1785, 


'87 


1785, 


'86 


1775, 


'76 


1786, 


'87 


1776, 


'78 


1784, 


'85 


1787, 


'88 


1777, 


'78 


1776, 


'79 


1784, 


'85 


1774, 


'77 


1781, 


'82 


1778, 


'80 


1778, 


'79 


1774, 


'76 


1780, 


'83 


1776, 


'76 


1787, 


'88 


1785, 


'86 


1779, 


'80 


1779, 


'81 


1784, 


'87 


1778, 


'81 


1787, 


'88 



508 



APPENDIX. 



Hardy, Samuel, 
Harrison, Benjarain, 
Harvie, John, . . 
Henry, James, . . 
Henry, Patrick, 
Jefferson, Thomas, 

u a 

Jones, Joseph, . . 



Lee, Arthur, . . 
Lee, Francis Lightfoot, 
Lee, Henry, . . . 
Lee, Richard Henry, 

Madison, James, Jr., 



Mercer, James, . 
Mercer, John F., 
Monroe, James, 
Nelson, Thomas, 



Page, Mann, . . 
Pendleton, Edmund, 
Randolph, Edmund, 
Randolph, Peyton, 
Smith, Merewether, 
"Washington, George, 
Wythe, George, 



1783, 
1774, 

1778, 
1780, 
1774, 
1775, 
1783, 
1777, 
1780, 
1781, 
1775, 
1785, 
1774, 
1784, 
1780, 
1786, 
1779, 
1782, 
1783, 
1775, 
1779, 
1777, 
1774, 
1779, 
1774, 
1778, 
1774, 
1775, 



North Carolina. 



Ashe, John B., . . . 
Bloodworth, Timothy, 
Blount, William 



Burke, Thomas, 
Burton, Robert, 
Caswell, Richard, 
Cumming, William, 
Harnett, Cornelius, 
Hawkins, Benjamin, 
u u 

Hewes, Joseph, . 



Hill, Whitmill, 
Hooper, William, 
Johnston, Samuel, 
Jones, Allen, 
Jones, Willie, . 
Nash, Abner, . 



Penn, John, 



Sitgreaves, John, 
Sharpe, William, 
Spaight, Richard D. 
Swan, John, . . 
Williams, John. 
Williamson, Hugh, 

White, Alexander, 



1787, 
1786, 
1782, 
1786, 
1777, 
1787, 
1774, 
1784, 
1777, 
1781, 
1786, 
1774, 
1779, 
1778, 
1774, 
1780, 
1779, 
1780, 
1782, 
1785, 
1775, 
1777, 
1784, 
1779, 
1783, 
1787, 
1778, 
1782, 
1787, 
1786, 



'85 
'78 
'79 
'81 
'76 
'77 
'85 
'78 
'83 
'84 
'80 



'87 
'83 

'88 
'80 

'85 
'86 

'77 
'80 

'77 
'75 
'82 
'75 
'82 
'75 
'77 



South Carolina, 



Bee, Thomas, . . 
Beresford, Richard 
Bull, John, . . . 
Butler, Pierce, . . 
Drayton, William Henry 
Eveleigh, Nicholas, 
Gadsden, Christopher 
Gervais, John L., . 
Heyward, Thomas, Jr 
Huger, Daniel, . 
Hutson, Richard, 
Izard, Ralph, . 
Kean, John, . 
Kinloch, Erancis 
Laurens, Henry, 
Lynch, Thomas, 
Lynch, Thomas, Jr., 
Matthews, John, . 
Middleton, Arthur, 
u u 

Middleton, Henry, 
Motte, Isaac, . . 
Parker, John, . . 
Pinckney, Charles, 

U il 

Ramsay, David, 

Read, Jacob, . . 
Rutledge, Edward, 
Rutledge, John, 

Trapier, Paul, . . 
Tucker, Thomas T., 

Georgia. 



Baldwin, Abraham, 
Brownson, Nathan, 
Bullock, Archibald, 
Clay, Joseph, . . 
Few, William, . . 



Gibbons, William, 
Gwinnett, Button, 
Habersham, John, . 
Hall, Lyman, . . 
Houston, John, . . 
Houston, William, 
Howley, Richard, . 
Jones, Noble Wimberly, 



Langworthy, Edward 
Pierce, W., . . 
Telfair, Edward 



Walton, George, 

it II 

Wood, Joseph, . 
Zubly, John J., 



1780, 
1783, 
1784, 
1787, 
1778, 
1781, 
1774, 
1782, 
1776, 
1786, 
1778, 
1782, 
1785, 
1780, 
1777, 
1774, 
1776, 
1778, 
1776, 
17.81, 
1774, 
1780, 
1786, 
1777, 
1784, 
1782, 
1785, 
1783, 
1774, 
1774, 
1782, 
1777, 
1787, 



1785, 
1776, 
1775, 
1778, 
1780, 
1785, 
1784, 
1776, 
1785, 
1775, 
1775, 
1784, 
1780, 
1775, 
1781, 
1777, 
1786, 
1777, 
1780, 
1776, 
1780, 
1777, 
1775, 



APPENDIX. 



509 



PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 

FROM 1774 TO 1788. 





FROM 


ELECTED. 




Peyton Eandolph, 


. Virginia, 


. September 5, 


1774 


Henry Middleton, 


. South Carolina 


I, . October 22, 


1774 


Peyton Eandolph, 


. Virginia, 


. May 10, 


1775 


John Hancock, 


. Massachusetts, 


, May 24, 


1775 


Henry Laurens, . 


. South Carolin 


a, . November 1, 


1777 


John Jay, 


. New York, 


. December 10, 


1778 


Samuel Huntington, 


. Connecticut, 


. September 28, 


1779 


Thomas McKean, . 


. Delaware, 


. July 10, 


1781 


John Hanson, 


. Maryland, 


. November 5, 


1781 


Elias Boudinot, 


. New Jersey, 


. November 4, 


1782 


Thomas Mifflin, . 


, Pennsylvania 


. November 3, 


1783 


Richard Henry Lee, 


. Virginia, 


. November 30, 


1784 


Nathaniel Gorham, 


. Massachusetts 


, . June 6, 


1786. 


Arthur St. Clair, . 


. Pennsylvania 


. February 2, 


1787. 


Cyrus Griffin, 


. Virginia, 


. January 22, 


1788 



SESSIONS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 

* 

The sessions of the Continental Congress were commenced as follows : 

September 5, 1774, also May 10, 1775, at Philadelphia; December 20, 1776, at 
Baltimore; March 4, 1777, at Philadelphia; September 27, 1777, at Lancaster, 
Pennsylvania; September 30, 1777, at ForA;, Pennsylvania; July 2, 1778, at Phila- 
delphia; June 30, 1783, at Princeton, New Jersey; November 26, 1783, at Annapo- 
lis, Maryland; November 1, 1784, at Trenton, New Jersey; January 11, 1785, at 
New York, which, from that time, continued to be the place of meeting until the 
adoption of the Constitution of the United States. From 1781 to 1788, Congress 
met annually on the first Monday in November, pursuant to the Articles of Con- 
federation. 



CONSTITUTION 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 



We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect 
Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the 
common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the bless- 
ings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and esta- 
blish this Constitution for the United States of America. 

AETICLE I. 

Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress 
of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. 

Sect. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen 
every second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each 
State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous 
branch of the State Legislature. 

No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of 
twenty-live years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who 
shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. 

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States 
which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, 
which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, includ- 
ing those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, 
three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within 
three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within 
every subsequent term of ten years, in such a manner as they shall by law direct. 
The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, 
but each State shall have at least one Representative ; and until such enumeration 
shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Mas- 
sachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plant^ions one, Connecticut five, 
New York six. New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland 
six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three. 

When vacancies happen in the representation from any State the executive 
authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 

The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers ; and 
shall have the sole power of impeachment. 

Sect. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators 
from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years; and each Senator 
shall have one vote. 

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, 
they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the 



APPENDIX. 511 



Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of 
the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the 
expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year ; 
and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legis- 
lature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments 
until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 

No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty 
years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when 
elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. 

The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but 
shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. 

The Senate shall choose their other oificers, and also a President pro tempore^ in 
the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of President 
of the United States. 

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. "When sitting 
for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the 
United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside : and no person shall be con- 
victed without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. 

Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal 
from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or 
profit under the United States ; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be 
liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to 
law. 

Sect. 4. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and 
Kepresentatives shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but 
the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to 
the places of choosing Senators. 

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting 
shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a differ- 
ent day. 

Sect 5. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifica- 
tions of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do 
business ; but a smaller number ma_y adjourn from day to day, and may be autho- 
rized to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such 
penalties as each House may provide. 

Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members 
for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. 

Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time pub- 
lish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy ; and 
the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at the 
desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. 

Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the 
other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which 
the two Houses shall be sitting. 

Sect. 6. The Senators and Kepresentatives shall receive a compensation for 
their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the 
United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the 
peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their 
respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same ; and for any 
speech or debate in either House they shall not be questioned in any other 
place. 

No Senator or Eepresentative shall, during the time for which he was elected, 
be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which 
shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased 
during such time ; and no person holding any office under the United States shall 
be a member of either House during his continuance in office. 

Sect. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Piepre- 
sentatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other 
bills. « 

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Kepresentatives and the Se- 
nate shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United 



512 APPENDIX. 



States ; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objec- 
tions, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objec- 
tions at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such recon- 
sideration two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, 
together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be 
reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a law. 
But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and 
nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered 
on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by 
the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been pre- 
sented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, 
unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it 
shall not be a law. 

Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the Senate and 
House of Kepresentatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), 
shall be presented to the President of the United States ; and before the same shall 
take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be re- 
passed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the 
rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. 

Sect. 8. The Congress shall have power 

To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts and pro- 
vide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States ; but all 
duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States ; 

To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; 

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and 
with the Indian tribes; 

To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject 
of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; 

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the 
standard of weights and measures ; 

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin 
of the United States ; 

To establish post-offices and post-roads ; 

To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited 
times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and 
discoveries ; 

To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; 

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and 
offences against the law of nations ; 

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning 
captures on land and water ; 

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be 
for a longer term than two years ; 

To provide and maintain a navy ; 

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces ; 

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, sup- 
press insurrections, and repel invasions ; 

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for govern- 
ing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, re- 
serving to the States respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority 
of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress ; 

To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not 
exceeding ten miles square), as may, by cession of particular States, and the ac- 
ceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the United States, and to 
exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature 
of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arse- 
nals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings ; and 

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execu- 
tion the foregoing powers, anjd all other powers vested by this Constitution in the 
Government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. 

Sect. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now 



APPENDIX. 513 



existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior 
to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be im- 
posed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. * 

The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when 
in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. 

No bill of attainder or ex post f ado law shall be passed. 

No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the 
census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. 

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. 

No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the 
ports of one State over those of another ; nor shall vessels bound to or from one 
State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 

No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropria- 
tions made by law ; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and ex- 
penditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. 

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States ; and no person hold- 
ing any office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of the Con- 
gress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, 
from any king, prince, or foreign State. 

Sect. 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation ; grant 
letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of credit ; make anything 
but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, 
ex j)ost facto \siw , or law impairing the obligations of contracts, or grant any title 
of nobility. 

No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties 
on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its 
inspection laws ; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State 
on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States ; 
and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. 

No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep 
troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with 
another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, 
or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. 

AKTICLE II. 

Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United 
States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, 
together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows: 

Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, 
a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Eepresentatives 
to which the State may be entitled in the Congress ; but no Senator or Kepresen- 
tative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall 
be appointed an Elector. 

[* The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two persons, 
of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And 
they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; 
which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the Government of 
the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate 
shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, 
and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall 
be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, 
then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for Presi- 
dent ; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House 
shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be 
taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote ; a quorum for thispur- 

* This clause within brackets has been superseded and annulled by the 12th amendment 
on page 519. 



514 APPENDIX. 



pose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of 
all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the Presi- 
dent,* the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-Presi- 
dent. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose 
from them by ballot the Vice-President.] 

The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the day on 
which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same throughout the 
United States. 

No person except a natural horn citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the 
time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of Presi- 
dent; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained 
to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the 
United States. 

In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, 
or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall 
devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case 
of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-Presi- 
dent, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act 
accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 

The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation, 
which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he 
shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other 
emolument from the United States, or any of them. 

Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath 
or affirmation : 

"I do soleni7ily swear {or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President 
of the United States^ and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend 
the Constitution of the United States." 

Sect. 2. The President shall be Commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy of 
the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the 
actual service of the United States ; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the 
principal officer in each of the Executive Departments, upon any subject relating 
to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves 
and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 

He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make 
treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur ; and he shall nomi- 
nate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambas- 
sadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all 
other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise 
provided for, and which shall be established by law ; but the Congress may by law 
vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the Presi- 
dent alone, in the Courts of law, or in the heads of Departments. 

The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during 
the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of 
their next session. 

Sect. 8. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the 
state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he 
shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene 
both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with 
respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall 
think proper ; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers ; he shall 
take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers 
of the United States. 

Sect. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United 
States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, trea- 
son, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 

AKTICLE III. 

Section 1. The Judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one 



APPENDIX. 515 



Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to 
time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, 
shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive 
for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their 
continuance in office. 

Sect. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising 
under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which 
shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases aflecting Ambassadoi's, other 
public Ministers, and Consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdic- 
tion ; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party ; to controver- 
sies between two or more States ; between a State and citizens of another State ; 
between citizens of different States ; between citizens of the same State claiming 
lands under grants of different States ; and between a State, or the citizens thereof, 
and foreign States, citizens, or subjects. 

In all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers, and Consuls, and 
those in which a State shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have original juris- 
diction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have ap- 
pellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such 
regulations as the Congress shall make. 

The trial of all crimes, except in eases of impeachment, shall be by jury ; and 
such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been com- 
mitted ; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place 
or places as the Congress may by law have directed. 

Sect. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war 
against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No 
person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to 
the same overt act, or on confession in open court. 

The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no 
attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during 
the life of the person attainted. 

AKTICLE IV. 

Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, 
records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may 
by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceed- 
ings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 

Sect. 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immu- 
nities of citizens in the several States. 

A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall 
flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the Execu- 
tive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to 
the State having jurisdiction of the crime. 

No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping 
into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged 
from, such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom 
such service or labor may be due. 

Sect. 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; but no 
new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State ; 
nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, 
without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the 
Congress. 

The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and 
regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United 
States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any 
claims of the United States, or of any particular State. 

Sect. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a re- 
publican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion ; 
and on application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature 
cannot be convened), against domestic violence. 



516 



APPENDIX. 



ARTICLE V. 

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall 
propose amendments to this Constitution, or on the application of the Legislatures 
of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amend- 
ments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of 
this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several 
States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of 
ratification may be proposed by the Congress ; Provided, that no amendment 
which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, shall 
in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses of the ninth section of the first 
article ; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suf- 
frage in the Senate. 

ARTICLE YI. 

All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this 
Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, 
as under the Confederation. 

This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in 
pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the au- 
thority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the Judges 
in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any 
State to the contrary notwithstanding. 

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the 
several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial ofiicers, both of the United 
States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or afl[irmation to support 
this Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to 
any office or public trust under the United States. 



ARTICLE VII. 

The ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the es- 
tablishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same. 

Done in Convention by the unanimous consent of the States present, the seven- 
teenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred 
and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America 
the twelfth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names. 

George Washington, 
President, and Deputy from Virginia. 

New Hampshire. 
John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman. 

Massachitsetts. 
Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King. 

Connecticut. 
William S. Johnson, Roger Sherman. 

New York. 
Alexander Hamilton. 

New Jersey. 
William Livingston, David Brearley, 

William Paterson, Jonathan Dayton. 



Pennsylvania. 



Benjamin Franklin, 
Robert Morris, 
Thomas Fitzsimmons, 
James Wilson, 



Thomas Mifflin, 
George Clymer, 
Jared Ingersoll, 
Gouverneur Morris. 



APPENDIX. 



bVJ 



George Kead, 
Jolin Dickinson, 
Jaco. Broom, 



James McHenry, 
Daniel Carroll, 



John Blair, 



William Blount, 
Hugh Williamson, 

J. Kutledge, 
Charles Pinckney, 

William Few, 
Attest : 



Delaware. 



Maryland. 



Virginia. 



Gunning Bedford, Jr., 
Eichard Bassett. 



Daniel Jenifer, of St. Thomas. 



James Madison, Jr, 



North Carolina. 



Kichard D. Spaight. 



South Carolina. 



Georgia. 



, Charles C. Pinckney, 
Pierce Butler. 



Abraham Baldwin. 
William Jackson, Secretary. 



STATE RATIFICATIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION. 



The Constitution was adopted September 17, 1787, by the Convention appointed 
in pursuance of the resolution of the Congress of the Confederation of February 
21, 1787, and was ratified by the Conventions of the several States as follows, viz. : 

By Convention of Delaware, December 7,1787 

Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787 

'New Jersey, December 18, 1787 

Georgia, January 2, 1788 

Connecticut, January 9, 1788 

Massachusetts, February 6, 1788 

Maryland, April 28, 1788 

South Carolina, May 23, 1788 

New Hampshire, June 21, 1788 

Virginia, June 26, 1788 

New York, July 26, 1788 

North Carolina, November 21, 1789 

Ehode Island, May 29, 1790 



518 APPENDIX. 



ARTICLES IN ADDITION TO, AND AMENDMENT OF, 
THE CONSTITUTION 

OF THE 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

PROPOSED BY CONGRESS, AND RATIFIED BY THE LEGISLATURES OF THE SEVERAL 
STATES, PURSUANT TO THE FIFTH ARTICLE OF THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION. 



ARTICLE I. 

Congress shall make ,no law respecting an establishment of religion, or pro- 
hibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the 
press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Govern- 
ment for a redress of grievances. 

ARTICLE II. 

A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right 
of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 

ARTICLE III. 

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the con- 
sent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. 

ARTICLE IV. 

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, 
against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants 
shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and par- 
ticularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be 
seized. 

ARTICLE Y. 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous (jrime, 
unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in 
the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war 
or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice 
put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be 
a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due 
process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just 
compensation. 

ARTICLE VI. 

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and 
public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall 



APPENDIX. 519 



have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by 
law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted 
with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining wit- 
nesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. 

AKTICLE VII. 

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty 
dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury 
shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according 
to the rules of the common law. 

AETICLE YIII. 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and 
unusual punishments inflicted. 

ARTICLE IX. 

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed 
to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

ARTICLE X. 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor pro- 
hibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. 

ARTICLE XI. 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any 
suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States 
by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. 

ARTICLE XII. 

The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for Presi- 
dent and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the 
same State with themselves ; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for 
as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and 
they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all per- 
sons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of v.otes for each, which lists 
they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the Government of 
the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the 
Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the 
certificates, and the votes shall then be counted ; the person having the greatest 
number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority 
of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if no person have such majority, 
then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three on the list 
of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose imme- 
diately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall 
be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum 
for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the 
States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the 
House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice 
shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the 
Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other consti- 
tutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of 
votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority 
of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then 
from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-Presi- 
dent ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of 
Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But 
no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to 
that of Vice-President of the United States. 



520 



APPENDIX. 



THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED TO THE FIRST TEN* OF THE PRECEDING 

AMENDMENTS. 

CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES. 

BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OP NEW YORK, ON "WEDNESDAY, THE FOURTH 
OP MARCH, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-NINE. 



The Conventions of a number of the States having, at the time of their adopting 
the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse 
of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added; and 
as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government will best insure 
the beneficent ends of its institution, — 

Resolved, hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, 
in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring. That the following 
articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as amendments to 
the Constitution of the United States, all, or any of which articles, when ratified 
by three-fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes, 
as part of the said Constitution, viz. : 

Articles in addition to, and amendment of, the Constitution of the United States 
of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of the several 
States pursuant to the Fifth Article of the original Constitution. 

The first ten amendments of the Constitution were ratified by the States as fol- 
lows, viz. : 



By New Jersey, 

" Maryland, . 

" North Carolina, 

" South Carolina, 

" New Hampshire, 

" Delaware, . 

" Pennsylvania, 

" New York, 

" Ehode Island, 

" Vermont, . 

" Virginia, . 



November 

December 

December 

January 

January 

January 

March 

March 

June 

November 

December 



20, 1789. 
19, 1789. 
22, 1789. 
19, 1790. 
25, 1790. 
28, 1790. 
10, 1790. 
27, 1790. 
15, 1790. 
3, 1791. 
15, 1791. 



* It may be proper here to state that twelve articles of amendment were proposed by the 
First Congress, of which but ten were ratified by the States, — the first and second in order 
not having been ratified by the requisite number of States. 

These two were as follows : 

Article First. — After the first enumeration required by the First Article of the Constitution, 
there shall be one Representative for every thirty thousand, until the number shall amount 
to one hundred, after which, the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there 
shall not be less than one hundred Representatives, nor less than one Representative for 
every forty thousand persons, until the number of Representatives shall amount to two hun- 
dred, after which the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress that there shall not be 
less than two hundred Representatives, nor more than one Representative for every fifty 
thousand persons. 

Article Second. — No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and 
Representatives, shall take effect until an election of Representatives shall have intervened. 



APPENDIX. 521 



THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED TO THE ELEVENTH OF THE PRECEDING 

AMENDMENTS. 

THIRD CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, 

AT THE PIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, IN 
THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA, ON MONDAY, THE SECOND OF DECEMBER, ONE 
THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND NINETY-THREE. 

Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of Ame- 
rica, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the follow- 
ing article be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States as an amendment 
to the Constitution of tj^ United States ; which, when ratified by three-fourths of 
the said Legislatures, snail be valid as part of the said Constitution, viz. : 



THE FOLLOWTNG IS PREFIXED TO THE TWELFTH OF THE PRECEDING 

AMENDMENTS. 

EIGHTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, 

AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, IN 
THE TERRITORY OF COLUMBIA, ON MONDAY, THE SEVENTEENTH OF OCTOBER, 
ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND THREE. 

Resolved, hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of Ame- 
rica, ill Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That in lieu of 
the third paragraph of the first section of the Second Article of the Constitution of 
the United States, the following be proposed as an amendment to the Constitution 
of the United States ; which, when ratified by three-fourths of the Legislatures of 
the several States, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said 
Constitution, to wit : 

The ten first of the preceding amendments were proposed at the first session of 
the First Congress of the United States, September 25, 1789, and were finally rati- 
fied by the constitutional number of States, December 15, 179L The eleventh 
amendment was proposed at the first session of the Third Congress, March 5, 1794, 
and was declared, in a message from the President of the United States to both 
houses of Congress, dated January 8, 1798, to have been adopted by the constitu- 
tional number of States. The twelfth amendment was proposed at the first session 
of the Eighth Congress, December 12, 1803, and was adopted by the constitutional 
number of States in 1804, according to a public notice thereof by the Secretary of 
State, dated September 25 of the same year. 



34 



ORGANIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS. 



STATE DEPAETMENT. 

This Department is managed by the Secretary of State, and one Assistant 
Secretary. 

DIPLOMATIC BRANCH. 

This branch has charge of all correspondence between the Department and 
other diplomatic agents of the United States abroad, and those of foreign powers 
accredited to this Government. In it all diplomatic instructions sent from the 
Department, and communications to Commissioners under treaties of boundaries, 
&c., are prepared, copied, and recorded ; and all of like character received are re- 
gistered and filed, their contents being first entered in an analytic table or index. 

CONSULAR BRANCH. 

This branch has charge of the correspondence, &c., between the Department 
and the Consuls and Commercial Agents of the United States. In it instructions 
to those otficers, and answers to their despatches and to letters from other persons 
asking for consular agency, or relating to consular affairs, are prepared and re- 
corded. 

THE DISBURSING AGENT. 

He has charge of all correspondence and other matters connected with accounts 
relating to any fund with the disbursement of which the Department is charged. 

THE TRANSLATOR. 

His duties are to furnish such translations as the Department may require. He 
also records the commissions of Consuls and Yice-Consuls, when not in English, 
upon which exequaturs are issued. 

CLERK OF APPOINTMENTS AND COMMISSIONS. 

He makes out and records commissions, letters of appointment, and nominations 
to the Senate ; makes out and records exequaturs, and records, when in English, 
the commissions on which they are issued. Has charge of the library. 

CLERK OF THE ROLLS AND ARCHIVES. 

He takes charge of the rolls, or enrolled acts and resolutions of Congress, as 
they are received at the Department from the President ; prepares the authenti- 
cated copies thereof which are called for ; prepares for, and superintends their 
publication, and that of treaties, in the newspapers and in book form ; attends to 
their distribution throughout the United States, and that of all documents and 
publications in regard to which this duty is assigned to the Department ; writing 
and answering all letters connected therewith. Has charge of all Indian treaties, 
and business relating thereto. 



APPENDIX. 523 



CLERK OF TERRITORIAL BUSINESS — THE SEAt, OF THE DEPARTMENT. 

He has charge of the seals of the United States and of the Department, and 
prepares and attaches certificates to papers presented for authentication ; has charge 
of the territorial business ; immigration and registered seamen ; records all letters 
from the Department other than the diplomatic and consular. 

CLERK OF PARDONS AND PASSPORTS. 

He prepares and records pardons and remissions, and registers and files the peti- 
tions and papers on which they are founded. Makes out and records passports ; 
keeps a daily register of all letters, other than diplomatic and consular, received, 
and of the disposition made of them ; prepares letters relating to this business. 

SUPERINTENDENT OF STATISTICS. 

He superintends the preparation of the " Annual Keport of the Secretary of State 
on Foreign Commerce," as required by the Acts of 1842 and 1856. 



ATTOENEY-GENBEAL'S OFFICE. 

The Attorney-General of the United States is at the head of this oflS^ce. Its 
ordinary business may be classified under the following heads : 

1. Official opinions on the current business of the Government, as called for by 
the President, by any head of Department, or by the Solicitor of the Treasury. 

2. Examination of the titles of all land purchased, as the sites of arsenals, cus- 
tom-houses, light-houses, and all otl^r public works of the United States. 

3. Applications for pardons in all cases of conviction in the courts of the United 
States. 

4. Applications for appointment in all the judicial and legal business of the 
Government. 

5. The conduct and argument of all suits in the Supreme Court of the United 
States in which the Government is concerned. 

6. The supervision of all other suits arising in any of the Departments when 
referred by the head thereof to the Attorney-General. 

To these ordinary heads of the business of the office has been added the direction 
of all appeals on land claims in California. 



INTEEIOE DEPAETMENT. 

This Department is in charge of the Secretary of the Interior, and one Assistant 
Secretary, who have the supervision and management of the following branches 
of the public service. 

The Public Lands. — The chief of this bureau is called the Commissioner of 
the General Land-office. The Land Bureau is charged with. the survey, manage- 
ment, and sale of the public domain, and the issuing of titles therefor, whether 
derived from confirmation of grants made by former governments, by sales, dona- 
tions, of grants for schools, military bounties, or public improvements, and like- 
wise the revision of Virginia military bounty-land claims, and the issuing of scrip 
in lieu thereof. The Land-office, also, audits its own accounts. 

Pensions. — The Commissioner is charged with the examination and adjudica- 
tion of all claims arising under the various and numerous laws passed by Congress 
granting bounty -land or pensions for the military or naval service in the Kevolu- 
tionary and subsequent wars in which the United States have been engaged. 



524 APPENDIX. 



Indians. — Commissioner of Indian Affairs, who has charge of all business con- 
nected with the Indian tribes. 

Patent-office. — To this bureau is committed the execution and performance 
of all " acts and things touching and respecting the granting and issuing of patents 
for new and useful discoveries, inventions, and improvements;" and the collection 
of statistics. 

An act of Congress provided that all books, maps, charts, and other publications 
heretofore deposited in the Department of State, according to the laws regulating 
copyrights, should be removed to the Department of the Interior, which is charged 
with all the duties connected with matters pertaining to copyright ; which duties 
have been assigned by the Secretary of the Interior to the Patent-office, as belong- 
ing most appropriately to this branch of the service. 

Agricultural Bureau. — In charge of a Commissioner, who has exclusive 
supervision of all matters connected with agriculture. 

Besides the above principal branches of this Executive Department, the organic 
act of 1849 transferred to it from the Treasury Department the supervision of the 
accounts of the United States Marshals and Attorneys, and the Clerks of the 
United States Courts, the management of the lead and other mines of the United 
States, and the affairs of the Penitentiary of the United States in the District of 
Columbia ; and from the State Department, the duty of taking and returning the 
Censuses of the United States, and of supervising and directing the acts of the 
Commissioner of Public Buildings. The Hospital for the Insane of the Army 
and Navy and of the District of Columbia is also under the management of this 
Department; in addition to which, by later laws, the Secretary of the Interior is 
charged with the construction of the three wagon roads leading to the Pacific 
coast. 

Under act of February 5, 1859, "providing for keeping and distributing a 
public documents, all the books, documents, &e., printed or purchased by the 
Government," the Annals of Congress, American State Papers, American Ar- 
chives, Jefferson's and Adams's works, are tBansferred to this Department from 
the State Department, Library of Congress, and elsewhere ; also the Journals and 
Documents of the Thirty-fifth Congress. These valuable works are distributed to 
those who are by law entitled to receive them, and to such " colleges, public libra- 
ries, athenaeums, literary and scientific institutions, boards of trade, or public asso- 
ciations," as shall be designated by the members of Congress. 



TEEASUEY DBPAETMENT. 

The Treasury Department is in charge of the Secretary of the Treasury, and 
one Assistant Secretary, and the following is a brief indication of the duties of the 
several bureaus. 

secretary's office. 

The Secretary is charged with the general supervision of the fiscal transactions 
of the Government, and of the execution of the laws concerning the commerce 
and navigation of the United States. He superintends the survey of the coast, 
the light-house establishment, the marine hospitals of the United States, and the 
construction of certain public buildings for custom-houses and other purposes. 

FIRST comptroller's OFFICE. 

He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering accounts for the civil and 
diplomatic service, as well as the public lands, and revises and certifies the balances 
arising thereon. 

SECOND comptroller's OFFICE. 

He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering the accounts of the Army and 
]!^avy, and of the Indian and Pension bureaus, of the public service, and revises 
and certifies the balances arising thereon. 



APPENDIX. 525 



OFFICE OF COMMISSIONER OF THE CUSTOMS. 

H'e prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering the accounts of the customs 
revenue and disbursements, and for the building and repairing custom-houses, &c., 
and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon. 

FIRST auditor's OFFICE. 

He receives and adjusts the accounts of the customs revenue and disbursements, 
appropriations and expenditures on the account of the civil list and under pri- 
vate acts of Congress, and reports the balances to the Commissioner of the Customs 
and the First Comptroller, respectively, for their decision thereon. 

SECOND auditor's OFFICE. 

He receives and adjusts all accounts relating to the pay, clothing, and recruit- 
ing of the army, as well as armories, arsenals, and ordnance, and all accounts 
relating to the Indian Department, and reports the balances to the Second Comp- 
troller for his decision thereon. 

THIRD auditor's OFFICE. 

He receives and adjusts all accounts for subsistence of the army, fortifications, 
Military Academy, military roads, and the Quartermaster's department, as well 
as for pensions, claims arising from military services previous to 1816, and for 
horses and other property lost in the military service, under various acts of Con- 
gress, and reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. 

FOURTH auditor's OFFICE. 

He receives and adjusts all accounts for the service of the Navy Department, 
and reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. 

FIFTH auditor's OFFICE. 

He receives and adjusts all accounts for diplomatic and similar services per- 
formed under the direction of the State Department, and reports the balances to 
the First Comptroller for his decision thereon. 

SIXTH auditor's OFFICE. 

He receives and adjusts all accounts arising from the service of the Post-office 
Department. His decisions are final, unless an appeal be taken in twelve months 
to the First Comptroller. He superintends the collection of all debts due the Post- 
office Department, and all penalties and forfeitures imposed on postmasters and 
mail contractors for failing to do their duty ; he directs suits and legal proceed- 
ings, civil and criminal, and takes all such measures as may be authorized by law 
to enforce the prompt payment of moneys due to the department ; instructing 
United States attorneys, marshals, and clerks in all matters relating thereto ; and 
receives returns from each term of the United States Courts of the condition and 
progress of such suits and legal proceedings ; has charge of all lands and other 
property assigned to the United States in payment of debts due the Post-office 
Department, and has power to sell and dispose of the same for the benefit of the 
United States. 

treasurer's OFFICE. 

He receives and keeps the moneys of the United States in his own office, and 
that of the depositories created by the Act of August 6, 1846, and pays out the 
same upon warrants drawn by the Secretary of the Treasury, countersigned by 
the First Comptroller, and upon warrants drawn by the Postmaster-General, 
countersigned by the Sixth Auditor, and recorded by the Register. He also holds 
public moneys advanced by warrant to disbursing officers, and pays out the 
same upon their checks. 



526 APPENDIX. 



REGISTER S OFFICE. 

He keeps tlie accoujits of public receipts and expenditures ; receives the returns 
and makes out the official statement of commerce and navigation of the United 
States ; and receives from the First Comptroller and Commissioner of Customs all 
accounts and vouchers decided by them, and is charged by law with their safe 
keeping. 

solicitor's office. 

He superintends all civil suits commenced by the United States [except those 
arising in the Post-office Department) ^ and instructs the United States attorneys, 
marshals, and clerks in all matters relating to them and their results. He re- 
ceives returns from each term of the United States Courts, showing the progress 
and condition of such suits ; has charge of all lands and other property assigned 
to the United States in payment of debts [except those assigned in payment of debts 
due the Post-office Department) ^ and has power to sell and dispose of the same for 
the benefit of the United States. 

LIGHT-HOUSE BOARD. 

Secretary of the Treasury ex-officio President. This board directs the building 
and repairing of light-houses, light- vessels, buoys, and beacons, contracts for sup- 
plies of oil, &c. 

UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY. 

Prof. A. D. Bache, LL.D., is the Superintendent, and he is also Superintendent 
of Weights and Measures. All the charts of the Government emanate from this 
office. 

INTERNAL REVENUE OFFICE. 

A Commissioner, who has charge of all matters connected with the Tax Laws. 

COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY. 

The head of this office has charge of everything connected with the issuing of 
money. 



POST-OFFICE DEPAETMENT. 

The direction and management of the Post-office Department are assigned by 
the Constitution and laws to the Postmaster-General. That its business may be 
the more conveniently arranged and prepared for his final action, it is distributed 
among several bureaus, as follows: The Appointment Office, in charge of the First 
Assistant Postmaster-General ; the Contract Office, in charge of the Second Assis- 
tant Postmaster-General ; the Finance Office, in charge of the Third Assistant 
Postmaster-General ; and the Inspection Office, in charge of the Chief Clerk. 

APPOINTMENT OFFICE. 

To this office are assigned all questions which relate to the establishment and 
discontinuance of post-offices, changes of sites and names, appointment and re- 
moval of postmasters, and route and local agents, as, also, the giving of instruc- 
tions to postmasters. Postmasters are furnished with marking and rating stamps 
and letter balances by this bureau, which is charged also with providing blanks 
and stationery for the use of the Department, and with the superintendence of the 
several agencies established for supplying postmasters with blanks. To this bureau 
is likewise assigned the supervision of the ocean mail steamship lines, and of the 
foreign and international postal arrangements. 



APPENDIX. 527 



CONTRACT OFFICE. 

To this office is assigned the business of arranging the mail service of the United 
States, and placing the same under contract, embracing all correspondence and 
proceedings respecting the frequency of trips, mode of conveyance, and times of 
departures and arrivals on all the routes; the course of the mail between the differ- 
ent sections of the country, the points of mail distribution, and the regulations 
for the government of the domestic mail service of the United States. It prepares 
the advertisements for mail proposals, receives the bids, and takes charge of the 
annual and occasional mail lettings, and the adjustment and execution of the con- 
tracts. All applications for the establishment or alteration of mail arrangements, 
and the appointment of mail messengers, should be sent to this office. All claims 
should be submitted to it for transportation service not under contract, as the re- 
cognition of said service is first to be obtained through the Contract Office as a 
necessary authority for the proper credits at the Auditor's office. From this office 
all postmasters at the ends of routes receive the statement of mail arrangements 
prescribed for the respective routes. It reports weekly to the Auditor all con- 
tracts executed, and all orders affecting accounts for mail transportation; prepares 
the statistical exhibits of the mail service, and the reports of the mail lettings, 
giving a statement of each bid ; also of the contracts made, the new service origi- 
nated, the curtailments ordered, and the additional allowances granted within the 
year. 

FINANCE OFFICE. 

To this office are assigned the supervision and management of the financial busi- 
ness of the Department, not devolved by law upon the Auditor, embracing ac- 
counts with the draft offices and other depositories of the Department, the issuing 
of warrants and drafts in payment of balances, reported by the Auditor to be due 
to mail contractors and other persons, the supervision of the accounts of offices 
under orders to deposit their quarterly balances at designated points, and the 
superintendence of the rendition by postmasters of their quarterly returns of post- 
ages. It has charge of the dead-letter office, of the issuing of postage stamps and 
stamped envelopes for the prepayment of postage, and of the accounts connected 
therewith. 

To the Third Assistant Postmaster-General all postmasters should direct their 
quarterly returns of postage ; those at draft offices their letters reporting quarterly 
the net proceeds of their offices ; and those at depositing offices their certificates of 
deposit; to him should also be directed the weekly and monthly returns of the de- 
positaries of the Department, as well as all applications and receipts for postage 
stamps and stamped envelopes, and for dead-letters. 

INSPECTION OFFICE. 

To this office is assigned the duty of receiving and examining the registers of 
the arrivals and departures of the mails, certificates of the service of route agents, 
and reports of mail failures; of noting the delinquencies of contractors, and pre- 
paring cases thereon for the action of the Postmaster-General ; furnishing blanks 
for mail registers, and reports of mail failures; providing and sending out mail- 
bags and mail-locks and keys, and doing all other things which may be necessary 
to secure a faithful and exact performance of all mail contracts. 

All cases of mail depredation, of violation of law by private expresses, or by the 
forging or illegal use of postage stamps, are under the supervision of this office, 
and should be reported to it. 

All communications respecting lost money, letters, mail depredations, or other 
violations of law, or mail-locks and keys, should be directed, "Chief Clerk, Post- 
office Department." 

All registers of the arrivals and departures of the mails, certificates of the ser- 
vice of route agents, reports of mail failures, applications for blank registers, and 
reports of failures, and all complaints against contractors for irregular or imper- 
fect service, should be directed, "Inspection-office, Post-office Department." 



528 APPENDIX, 



'^ANY DEPAETMBNT. 

The Navy Department consists of the Navy Department proper, being the office 
of the Secretary and of five bureaus attached thereto, viz. : Bureau of Navy-yards 
and Docks ; Bureau of Construction, Equipment, and Kepair ; Bureau of Provi- 
sions and Clothing ; Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography ; and the Bureau of 
Medicine and Surgery. 

The following is a statement of the duties of each of these offices. 

secretary's opriCE. 

The Secretary of the Navy has charge of everything connected with the naval 
establishment, and the execution of all laws relating thereto is intrusted to him, 
under the general direction of the President of the United States, who, by the 
Constitution, is Commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy. All instructions to 
commanders of squadrons, and commanders of vessels, all orders of officers, com- 
missions of officers both in the navy and marine corps, appointments of commis- 
sioned and warrant officers, orders for the enlistment and discharge of seamen, 
emanate from the Secretary's office. All the duties of the different bureaus are 
performed under the authority of the Secretary, and their orders are considered 
as emanating from him. The general superintendence of the marine corps forms, 
also, a part of the duties of the Secretary, and all the orders of the commandant of 
that corps should be approved by him. 

BUREAU OP NAVY-YARDS AND DOCKS. 

All the navy-yards, docks, and wharves, buildings and machinery in navy- 
yards, and everything immediately connected with them, are under the superin- 
tendence of this bureau. It is also charged with the management of the Naval 
Asylum. 

BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION, EQUIPMENT, AND REPAIR. 

The office of the Engineer-in-chief of the Navy is attached to this bureau, who 
is assisted by three assistant engineers. This bureau has charge of the building 
and repairs of all vessels-of-war, purchase of materials, and the providing of all 
vessels with their equipments, as sails, anchors, water-tanks, &c. The Engineer- 
in-chief superintends the construction of all marine steam-engines for the navy, 
and, with the approval of the Secretary, decides upon plans for their construction. 

BUREAU OE PROVISIONS AND CLOTHING. 

All provisions for the use of the navy, and clothing, together with the making 
of contracts for furnishing the same, come under the charge of this bureau. 

BUREAU OF ORDNANCE AND HYDROGRAPHY. 

This bureau has charge of all ordnance and ordnance stores, the manufacture or 
purchase of cannon, guns, powder, shot, shells, &c., and the equipment of vessels- 
of-war, with everything connected therewith. It also provides them with maps, 
charts, chronometers, barometers, &c., together with such books as are furnished 
ships-of-war. " The United States Naval Observatory and Hydrographical 
Office," at Washington, and the Naval Academies at Annapolis and Newport, are 
also under the general superintendence of the chief of this bureau. 

BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 

Everything relating to medicines and medical stores, treatment of sick and 
wounded, and management of hospitals, comes within the superintendence of this 
bureau. 



APPENDIX. 529 



WAE DEPAETMENT. 

This Department is in charge of the Secretary of War, one regular Assistant and 
two temporary Assistant Secretaries. The following bureaus are attached to this 
Department : 

COMMANDING GENERAL'S OFFICE. 

The duties of this otBcer comprise the arrangement of the military forces, and 
the superintendence of the recruiting service ; he attends to the discipline of the 
army ; orders courts-martial ; and it is his province to see that the laws and regu- 
lations of the army are enforced. This office is usually located in Washington, 
but wherever it may be, it is called the Headquarters of the Army. 

adjutant-general's office. 

In this office are kept all the records which refer to the personnel of the army, 
the rolls, &c., and where all military commissions are made out ; all orders which 
emanate from Headquarters or the War Department proper, pass through this 
office ; and here are received all the annual returns from the army and militia of 
the United States. 

quartermaster-general's office. 

The objects of this bureau are to insure an efficient system of supply, and to give 
facility and effect to the movements and operations of the army. It also has con- 
trol of the barracks, and furnishes the clothing and all transportation that may be 
required for the army. 

paymaster-general's office. 
All the disbursements in money are made to the army from this office. 

commissary-general's office. 

This office is charged with the duty of purchasing and issuing all rations to the 
army. 

surgeon-general's office. 

All matters connected with medicine and surgery, are under the control of this 
office, as well as the management of the sick and wounded, and also all the hos- 
pitals. 

engineer's office. 

In addition to a general direction of all matters connected with the Engineer 
Corps of the army, this office is also charged with the care of the Military Aca- 
demy at West Point. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL BUREAU. 

This bureau has charge of all topographical operations and surveys for military 
purposes, and for purposes of internal improvement, and of all maps, drawings, 
and documents relating to those duties. 

ORDNANCE BUREAU. 

This office is charged with the control of the arsenals and armories, and has the 
superintendence of the manufacture of the arms and cannon, and the custody of 
all ordnance stores. 



THE 



SETEEAL STATES AND TEREITORIES 



AMERICAN UNION. 



The Thirteen Original States that Formed and Confirmed the 
Union, by the Adoption op the Constitution, are as follows : 

NEW HAMPSHIEE. 

First settled at Dover and Portsmouth, in 1623, by the Puritans. 

Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same 
jurisdiction until September 18, 1679, when a separate charter and government 
was granted. A Constitution was formed January 5, 1776, which was altered in 
1784, and was further altered and amended February 13, 1792. 

This State ratified the Constitution of the United States, June 21, 1788. 

Area, 9280 square miles. Population in 1850, 317,976 ; 1860, 326,073. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

First settled at Plymouth, by English Puritans from Holland, who landed De- 
cember 22, 1620. 

Chartered March 4, 1629; also chartered January 13, 1630; an explanatory 
charter granted August 20, 1726 ; and more completely chartered October 7, 1731. 
Formed a Constitution March 2, 1780, which was altered and amended November 
3, 1820, and on several occasions since that time. 

Eatified the Constitution of the United States, February 6, 1788. 

Area, 7800 square miles. Population in 1850, 994,514; 1860, 1,231,066. 

RHODE ISLAND. 

First settled at Providence, in 1636, by Roger Williams. 

Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same 
jurisdiction until July 8, 1662, when a separate charter was granted, which con- 
tinued in force until a Constitution was formed, September, 1842. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, May 29, 1790. 

Area, 1306 square miles. Population in 1850, 147,545; 1860, 174,621. 

CONNECTICUT. 

First settled at Windsor, in 1635, by Puritans. 

Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same 
jurisdiction until April 23, 1662, when a separate charter was granted, which con- 
tinued in force until a Constitution was formed, September 15, 1818. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, January 9, 1788. 

Area, 4674 square miles. Population in 1850, 370,792 ; 1860, 460,147. 



APPENDIX. 531 



NEW TORK. 

First settled on Manhattan Island in 1614. 

Granted to Duke of York, March 20, 1664, April 26, 1664, and June 24, 1664. 
Newly patented February 9, 1674 ; formed a Constitution, April 20, 1777, which 
was amended October 27, 1801, and further amended November 10, 1821. A new 
Constitution was formed in 1846. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, July 26, 1788. 

Area, 46,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 3,097,394 ; 1860, 3,880,735. 

NEW JERSEY. 

First settled at Bergen, in 1620, by the Dutch. 

Held under same grants as New York ; separated into East and West Jersey 
March 3, 1677. The government surrendered to the Crown in 1702, and so con- 
tinued until the formation of a Constitution, July 2, 1776. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 18, 1787. 

Area, 8320 square miles. Population in 1850, 489,555 ; 1860, 672,035. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

First settled on the Delaware River, in 1682, by William Penn. 
Chartered February 28, 1681 ; formed a Constitution September 28, 1776 ; 
amended, September 2, 1790, and in 1838, and 1857. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 12, 1787. 

Area, 46,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 2,311,786; 1860, 2,906,115. 

DELAWARE. 

First settled at Cape Henlopen, in 1627, by Swedes and Finns. 

Embraced in the charter, and continued under the government of Pennsylvania 
until the formation of a Constitution, September 20, 1776 ; a new Constitution 
formed June 12, 1792, and amended in 1831. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 7, 1787. 

Area, 2120 square miles. Population in 1850, 91,532; 1860, 112,216. 

MARYLAND. 

First settled at St. Mary, in 1634, by Roman Catholics. 

Chartered June 20, 1632; formed a Constitution August 14, 1776, which was 
amended in 1795 and 1799, and further amended in November, 1812, and 1851. 
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, April 28, 1788. 
Area, 11,124 square miles. Population in 1850, 583,034; 1860, 687,049. 

VIRGINIA. 

First settled at Jamestown, in 1607, by the English. 

Chartered April 10, 1606, May 23, 1609, and March 12, 1612; formed a Consti- 
tution July 5, 1776; amended, January 15, 1830. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, June 26, 1788. 

Area, 38,352 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,421,661 ; 1860, 1,261,397. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

First settled at Albemarle, in 1650, by the English. 

Chartered March 20, 1663, and June 30, 1665 ; formed a Constitution December 
18, 1776, which was amended in 1835. 

Ratified the Constitution of the United States, November 21, 1789. 
Area, 50,704 square miles. Population in 1850, 869,039; 1860, 992,622. 



532 APPENDIX. 



SOUTH CAEOLINA. 

First settled at Port Koyal, in 1670, by the Huguenots. 

Embraced in the charters of Carolina or North Carolina, from which it was 
separated in 1729; formed a Constitution March 26, 1776, which was amended 
March 19, 1778, and June 3, 1790. 

Eatified the Constitution of the United States, May 23, 1788. 

Area, 29,585 square miles. Population in 1850, 668,507; 1860, 703,708. 

GEOEGIA. 

First settled at Savannah, in 1733, by Oglethorpe. 

Chartered June 9, 1732 ; formed a Constitution February 5, 1777, a second in 
1785, a third May 30, 1798, and amended in 1839. 

Eatified the Constitution of the United States, January 2, 1788. 

Area, 58,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 906,185; 1860, 1,057,386. 



The States admitted into the Union since the Adoption or the 
Federal Constitution are as eollows : 

VEEMONT. 

First settled at Fort Dummer in 1764. 

Formed from territory of New York. 

Admitted March 4, 1791. 

A Constitution adopted July 9, 1793. 

Area, 9056^ square miles. Population in 1850, 314,120 ; 1860, 315,098. 

KENTUCKY. 

First settled near Lexington in 1775. 

Formed from territory of Virginia. 

Admitted June 1, 1792. 

A Constitution laid before Congress November 7, 1792. 

A new Constitution adopted August 17, 1799. 

Area, 37,680 square miles. Population in 1850, 982,405; 1860, 1,155,684. 

TENNESSEE. 

Formed from territory of North Carolina in 1790. 

Adopted a Constitution February 6, 1796, and amended in 1835. 

Admitted June 1, 1796. 

Area, 45,600 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,002,717 ; 1860, 1,109,801. 

OHIO. 

First settled at Marietta in 1788. 

Formed from Northwest Territory. 

Adopted a Constitution November 1, 1802, and amended in 1851. 

Admitted November 29, 1802. 

Area, 39,964 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,980,329 ; 1860, 2,339,511. 

LOUISIANA. 

First settled at Iberville in 1699. 

Formed from French territory. 

Adopted a Constitution January 22, 1812, and amended in 1845 and 1852. 

Admitted April 8, 1812. 

Area, 41,255 square miles. Population in 1850, 517,762; 1860, 708,002. 



APPENDIX. 533 



INDIANA. 

First settled at Yincennes in 1730. 

Formed from Northwest Territory. 

Adopted a Constitution June 29, 1816, and amended in 1851. 

Admitted December 11, 1816. 

Area, 33,809 square miles. Population in 1850, 988,416 ; 1860, 1,350,428. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

First settled at Natchez in 1716. 

Formed from territory of South Carolina and Georgia. 

Adopted a Constitution March 1, 1817, and amended in 1832. 

Admitted December 10, 1817. 

Area, 47,156 square miles. Population in 1850, 606,526 ; 1860, 791,305. 

ILLINOIS. 

First settled at Kaskaskia in 1720. 

Formed from Northwest Territory. 

Adopted a Constitution August 26, 1818. 

Admitted December 3, 1818. 

Area, 55,409 square miles. Population in 1850, 851,470 ; 1860, 1,711,951. 

ALABAMA. 

Formed from territory of South Carolina and Georgia, and for two years bore 
the name of Mississippi Territory. 

Adopted a Constitution August 2, 1819. 

Admitted December 14, 1819. 

Area, 50,722 square miles. Population in 1850, 771,623; 1860, 964,201. 

MAINE. 

First settled at Bristol in 1624. 

Formed from territory of Massachusetts. 

Adopted a Constitution October 29, 1819. 

Admitted March 15, 1820. 

Area, 31,766 square miles. Population in 1850, 583,169 ; 1860, 628,279. 

MISSOUKI. 

First settled at St. Louis in 1764. 

Formed from French territory. 

Adopted a Constitution July 19, 1820. 

Admitted August 10, 1821. 

Area, 67,380 square miles. Population in 1850, 682,044 ; 1860, 1,182,612. 

AKKANSAS. 

Formed from French territory, the Louisiana purchase. 

Presented a Constitution March 1, 1836. 

Admitted June 15, 1836. 

Area, 52,198 square miles. Population in 1850, 209,897 ; 1860, 435,450. 

MICHIGAN. 

First settled on the Detroit Kiver in 1650. 
Formed from territory originally belonging to Virginia. 

Presented a memorial for admission January 25, 1833, with a Constitution, 
which was revised in 1850. 
Admitted January 26, 1837. 
Area, 56,243 square miles. Population in 1850, 397,654 ; 1860, 749,013. 



534 APPENDIX. 



FLORIDA. 

Discovered in 1497, and first explored by Ponce de Leon in 1512. 

Formed from Spanish territory. 

Presented a Constitution February 20, 1839. 

Admitted March 3, 1845. 

Area, 59,268 square miles. Population in 1850, 87,445 ; 1860, 140,425. 

TEXAS. 

First settled in 1792. 

Was an Independent Eepublic. 

Admitted December 29, 1845. 

Area, 324,018 square miles. Population in 1850, 212,592 ; 1860, 604,215. 

WISCONSIN. 

First settled at Green Bay in 1670. 

Formed from Indian territory. 

Adopted a Constitution January 21, 1847. 

Admitted May 29, 1848. 

Area, 53,924 square miles. Population in 1850, 305,391 ; 1860, 775,881. 

IOWA. 

First settled at Galena and Dubuque. 

Formed from Indian territory. 

Presented a Constitution December 9, 1844. 

Admitted December 28, 1846. 

Area, 55,045 square miles. Population in 1850, 192,214 ; 1860, 674,943. 

CALIFORNIA. 

First settled on the Pacific slope. 

Formed from Mexican territory. 

Adopted a Constitution November 13, 1849. 

Admitted September 9, 1850. 

Area, 188,982 square miles. Population in 1850, 92 59" ; 1860, 380,194. 

MINNESOTA. 

First settled on the St. Peter's River in 1805 

Formed from Indian territory. 

Admitted May 11, 1858. 

Area, 83,531 square miles. Population in 1850, 6077 ; 1860, 172,143. 

OREGON. 

First settled by the Spaniards. 

Formed from Indian territory. 

Adopted a Constitution in November, 1857. 

Admitted February 12, 1859. 

Area, 102,606 square miles. Population in 1850, 12,093 ; 1860, 52,405. 

KANSAS. 
Formed from Indian Territory. 
Admitted December 6, 1859. 
Area, 114,798 square miles. Population in 1860, 107,206. 

WEST VIRGINIA. 

Formed from the State of Virginia. 

Admitted December 31, 1862. 

Area, 23,000 square miles. Population in 1860, 393,234. 



APPENDIX. 535 



TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 

UTAH. 

Organized September 9, 1850. 

Area, 109,600 square miles. Population in 1850, 11,380; 1860, 188,193. 

NEW MEXICO. 
Organized September 9, 1850. 
Area, 124,450 square miles. Population in 1850, 61,547; 1860, no census. 

WASHINGTON. 

Organized November 2, 1853. 

Area, 71,300 square miles. Population in 1850, 1201; 1860, 11,068. 

NEBEASKA. 
Organized May 30, 1854. 
Area, 122,007 square miles. Population in 1850, 10,716; 1863, 12,519. 

COLORADO. 
Organized in 1861. 
Area, 106,475 square miles. Population in 1860, 70,000. 

DAKOTA. 

Organized in 1861. 

Area, 152,500 square miles. No census. 

NEVADA. 

Organized in 1861. 

Area, 83,500 square miles. Population in 1860, 40,000. 

ARIZONA. 

Organized in 1863. 

Area, 130,800 square miles. No census. 

IDAHO. 

Organized in 1863. 

Area, 310,000 square miles. No census. 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

Established under the First Article of the Constitution of the United States: 
"Congress shall have power to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatso- 
ever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of par- 
ticular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Government 
of the United States," &c. In pursuance of which^rovision the State of Mary- 
land, December 23, 1788, passed "An act to cede to Congress a district of ten miles 
square in this State, for the seat of the Government of the United States." 

And the State of Virginia, December 3, 1789, passed "An act for the cession of 
ten miles square, or any lesser quantity of territory within this State, to the United 
States in Congress assembled, for the permanent seat of the General Govern- 
ment." 

These cessions were accepted by Congress, as required by the Constitution, and 
the permanent seat of government established by the "Act for establishing the 
temporary and permanent seat of the Government of the United States," approved 
July 16, 1790; and the act to amend the same, approved March 3, 1791. 

The district of ten miles square was accordingly located, and its lines and boun- 
daries particularly established by a proclamation of George Washington, President 
of the United States, March 30, 1791, and by the "Act concerning the District of 
Columbia," approved February 27, 1801, Congress assumed complete jurisdiction 
over the said District, as contemplated by the framers of the Constitution. 

Area, 50 square miles. Population in 1850, 51,687; 1860, 75,080. 



536 APPENDIX. 



ORIGIN OF THE NAMES OF STATES, 

Maine was so called as early as 1623, from Maine, in France, of wMcli Henrietta 
Maria, Queen of England, was at that time proprietor. 

New Hampshire was the name given to the territory conveyed by the Plymouth 
Company to Captain John Mason, by patent, November 7th, 1629, with reference 
to the patentee, who was Governor of Portsmouth, in Hampshire, England. 

Vermont was so called by the inhabitants in {heir Declaration of Independence, 
January 16, 1777, from the French verd mont, the Green Mountains. 

Massachusetts was so called from Massachusetts Bay, and that from the Massa- 
chusetts tribe of Indians, in the neighborhood of Boston. The tribe is thought to 
have derived its name from the Blue Hills of Milton. "I had learnt," says Roger 
Williams, "that the Massachusetts was so called from the Blue Hills." 

Rhode Island was so called in 1664, in reference to the Island of Ehodes, in the 
Mediterranean. «^- 

Connectieut was so called from the Indian name of its principal river. Connec- 
ticut is a Mocheakannew word, signifying long river. 

New York was so called in 1664, in reference to the Duke of York and Albany, 
to whom this territory was granted by the King of England. 

New Jersey was so called in 1664, from the Island of Jersey, on the coast of 
France, the residence of the family of Sir George Carteret, to whom the territory 
was granted. 

Pennsylvania was so called in 1681, after William Penn. 

Delaware was so called in 1703, from Delaware Bay, on which it lies, and which 
received its name from Lord de la War, who died in this bay. 

Maryland was so called in honor of Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I, in his 
patent to Lord Baltimore, June 30th, 1632. 

Virginia was so called in 1584, after Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen of England, 

Carolina was so called by the French in 1564, in honor of King Charles IX, of 
France. 

Georgia was so called in 1732, in honor of King George II. 

Alabama was so called in 1814, from its principal river, meaning here we rest. 

Mississippi was so called in 1800, from its western boundary. Mississippi is said 
to denote the whole river, i. e., the river formed by the union of many. 

Louisiana was so called in honor of Louis XIV of France. 

Tennessee was so called in 1796, from its principal river. The word Ten-as-se is 
said to signify a cwved spoon. 

Kentucky was so called in 1792, from its principal river. 

Illinois was so called in 1809, from its principal river. This word is said to sig- 
nify the river of men. 

Indiana was so called in 1809, from the American Indians. 

Ohio was so called in 1802, from its southern boundary. 

Missouri was so called in 18^1, from its principal river. Indian name. 

Michigan was so called in 1805, from the lake on its border. Indian name. 

Arkansas was so called in 1812, from its principal river. Indian name. 

Florida was so called by Juan Ponce de Leon in 1572, because it was discovered 
on Easter Sunday; in Spanish, Paseua Flo7'ida. 

Wisconsin was so called from its principal river. Indian name. 

Iowa was so called from its principal river. Indian name. 

Oregon was so called from its principal river. Indian name. 

Minnesota is also an Indian word. 

California, a Spanish word, and named from an arm of the Pacific Ocean. 

Texas, a Spanish word applied to the Eepublic. 

Kansas is an Indian name. 



APPENDIX. 537 



PROGRESS OF POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES. 

FKOM 1790 TO 1860. 



First Census, Augitst 1, 1790. 

Whites. Free Colored. 

Free States, 1,900,772 26,831 

Slave States, 1,271,692 32,635 



Total, 3,172,464 59,446 

Second Census, August 1, 1800. 

Free States, 2,601,509 47,154 

Slave States, 1,702,980 61,241 



Total, 4,304,489 108,395 

Third Census, August 1, 1810. 

Free States, 3,6.53,219 78,181 

Slave States, 2,208,785 108,265 



Total, 5,862,004 186,446 

Fourth Census, August 1, 1820 

Free States, 5,030,371 102,893 

Slave States, 2,842,340 135,434 



Slaves. 


Total. 


40,850 
645,047 


1,968,453 
1,961,374 


697,897 


3,929,827 


35,946 
857,095 


2,684,609 
2,621,316 


893,041 


5,305,925 


27,510 
1,163,854 


3,758,910 
3,480,904 


1,191,364 


7,239,814 


19,108 
1,524,580 


5,152,372 
4,-502,224 



Total, 7,872,711 238,197 1,543,688 9,654,596 

Fifth Census, June 1, 1830. 

Free States, 6,876,620 137,529 

Slave States, 3,660,758 182,070 



Total, 10,537,378 319,599 

Sixth Census, June 1, 1840. 

Free States, 9,557,065 170,727 

Slave States, ..... 4,632,640 215,568 



Total, 14,189,705 386,295 

Seventh Census, June 1, 1850. 

Free States, 13,330,650 196,308 

Slave States, 6,222,418 238,187 



3,568 
2,005,475 


7,017,717 
5,848,303 


2,009,043 


12,866,020 


1,129 
2,486,226 


9,728,921 
7,334,434 


2,487,355 


17,063,355 


262 
3,204,051 


13,527,220 
9,664,654 



Total, 19,553,068 434,495 3,204,313 23,191,874 

Eighth Census, June 1, 1860. 

Total Population, 31,443,322 

Total White Population, 26,973,843 

Total Free Colored Population, 487,970 

Total Free Population, 27,461,813 

Total Slave Population, . 3,953,760 

Total Colored Population, 4,447,730 

35 



5^8 



APPENDIX. 



g m 

H pq 



« 



H O 



w 

< 

o 
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1^ SI 






Remarks. 


d 

Oi 

t^ 

CO 

S 

a> 
M 
03 

-4-3 

oT 

s 

a 

o 

u 


Representa- 
tives before 
next appor- 
tionment. 


cocoi-Hioo-<*cO'-i'i30>oioeo 

l-H 


Ratio of rep- 
resentation 
at time of 
admission. 










j 




141,899 
378,717 

69,110 
238,141 
340,120 
184,139 
434,373 

59,096 
319,728 
748,308 
393,751 
249,073 

82,548 


a 

< 

.s 


Ratified Constitution, June 21, 1788 

" " Feb. 6, 1788 

" " May 29, 1790 

" " Jan. 9, 1788 

" " July 26, 1788 

" Dec. 18, 1787 

" Dec. 12, 1787 

" " Dec. 7, 1787 

" " April 28, 1788 

" " June 26, 1788 

Nov. 21, 1789 

" May 23, 1788 

" Jan. 2, 1788 


02 


New Hampshire, 
Massachusetts, . 
Ehode Island, . 
Connecticut, , . 
New York, . . 
New Jersey, . . 
Pennsylvania, . 
Delaware, . * 
Maryland, . . 
Virginia, . . . 
North Carolina, 
South Carolina, . 
Georgia, . . . 



APPENDIX. 



539 



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THE 



STATE AND TEHEITOEIAL GOYEHNORS, 

SINCE THE ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. 



MAINE 












FROM 


TO 




FROM 


TO 


Benjamin Pierce, .... 1827 


1828 


William King, . . . 


. 1820 


1822 


John Bell, . 






1828 


1830 


Albion K. Parris, . . 


. 1822 


1827 


Matthew Harvey, 






1830 


1831 


Enoch Lincoln, 


. 1827 


1829 


James M. Harper, 






1831 


1831 


Jonathan G. Hunton, . 


. 1829 


1831 


Samuel Dinsmoor, 






1881 


1834 


Samuel E. Smith, . . 


. 1831 


1834 


William Badger, . 






1834 


1836 


Kobert P. Dunlap, . . 


. 1834 


1838 


Isaac Hill, . . . 






1836 


1889 


Edward Kent, .... 


. 1838 


1839 


John Page, . . . 






1839 


1842 


John Fairfield, . . . 


. 1839 


1840 


Henry Hubbard, . 






1842 


1844 


Edward Kent, .... 


. 1840 


1841 


John H. Steele, . 






1844 


1846 


John Fairfield, . . . 


. 1841 


1843 


Anthony Colby, . 






1846 


1847 


Edward Kavanagh (acting), 1843 


1844 


Jared W. Williams, 






1847 


1849 


Hugh J. Anderson, . . 


. 1844 


1847 


Samuel Dinsmoor, 






1849 


1852 


John W. Dana, . . . 


. 1847 


1850 


Noah Martin, . . 






1852 


1854 


John Hubbard, . . . 


. 1850 


1853 


Nathaniel B. Baker, 






1854 


1855 


William Gr. Crosby, . . 


. 1853 


1855 


Ealph Metcalf, . 






1855 


1856 


Anson P. Morrill, . 


. 1855 


1856 


" ", 






1856 


1857 


Samuel Wells, .... 


. 1856 


1857 


William Haile, 






1857 


1858 


Hannibal Hamlin, . . 


. 1857 


1857 


" " (re-elected), 1858 


1859 


Joseph H. Williams . . 


. 1857 


1858 


" 1859 


1860 


Lot M. Morrill, . . 


. 1858 


1859 


Ichabod Goodwin, . . . 1860 


1861 


" " (re-elected), 1859 


1860 


Nathaniel S. Barry, . . . 1862 


1863 


Israel Washburne, Jr., 


. 1860 


1862 


Joseph A. Gilmore, . . . 1863 


1864 


Abner Coburn, . . 


. 1862 


1863 


Salary, $1000. 




Samuel Cony, .... 


. 1863 


1864 


Term, one year. 




Salary, $1500. 






Seat of Government, Concord. 




Term, one year. 










Seat of Governmeni 


., Augusta. 


VEEMONT. 




NEW HAMPSHIKE. 




Moses Kobinson, . 
Thomas Chittenden, 




. 1789 
. 1790 


1790 
1797 


Josiah Bartlett, . . 


. 1792 


1794 


Isaac Tichenor, 




. 1797 


1807 


John Taylor G-ilman, 


. 1794 


1805 


Israel Smith, . 




. 1807 


1808 


John Langdon, . . 


. 1805 


1809 


Isaac Tichenor, . 




. 1808 


1809 


Jeremiah Smith, . . 


. 1809 


1810 


Jonas Galusha, 




. 1809 


1813 


John Langdon, . . 


. 1810 


1812 


Martin Chittenden, 




. 1818 


1815 


William Plumer, . . 


. 1812 


1813 


Jonas Galusha, 




. 1815 


1820 


John Taylor Gilman, 


. 1818 


1816 


Eichard Skinner, . 




. 1820 


1823 


William Plumer, . . 


. 1816 


1819 


C. P. Van Ness, . 




. 1823 


1826 


Samuel Bell, . . . 


. 1819 


1823 


Ezra Butler, 




. 1826 


1828 


Levi Woodbury, . 


. 1823 


1824 


Samuel C. Crafts, . 




. 1828 


1881 


David L. Morrill, . 


. 1824 


1827 


William A. Palmer, 






1831 


1835 



APPENDIX. 



541 





FROM 


TO 




FROM 


TO 


Silas A. Jenison, . . . 


1835 


1841 


William C. Gibbs, . . 


1821 


1824 


Charles Paine, .... 


1841 


1843 


William Findlay, . . 


1824 


1831 


John Mattocks, . . . 


1843 


1844 


Lemuel H. Arnold, . . 


1831 


1832 


William Slade, . . . 


1844 


1846 


John B. Francis, . . . 


1833 


1838 


Horace Eaton, .... 


1846 


1849 


William Sprague, . . . 


1838 


1840 


Charles Coolidge, . . . 


1849 


1850 


Samuel W. King, . . . 


1840 


1842 


Charles K. Williams, . 


1850 


1852 


James Fenner, 


1842 


1844 


Erastus Fairbanks, . . 


1852 


1853 


Charles Jackson, . . . 


1844 


1845 


John S. Kobinson, . . 


1853 


1854 


Byron Diman, .... 


1846 


1847 


Stephen Royce, . . . 


1854 


1856 


Elisha Harris, .... 


1847 


1849 


Eyland Fletcher, . . . 


1856 


1858 


Henry B.Anthony, . . 


1849 


1851 


HilandHall, .... 


1858 


1859 


Philip Allen, .... 


1851 


1853 


" " (re-elected), 
Erastus Fairbanks, . . 


1859 


1860 


F. M. Dimon, .... 


1853 


1854 


1860 


1861 


William W. Hoppin, . 


1854 


1857 


Frederick Holbrook, 


1861 


1863 


Elisha Dyer, .... 


1857 


1859 


J. Gregory Smith, . . 


1863 


1864 


Thomas G. Turner, . . 


1859 


1860 


Salary, $1000. 






William Sprague, . . 


1860 


1863 


Term, one year. 






James Y. Smith, . . . 


1863 


1864 


Seat of Government, Mo 


ntpelier. 


Salary, $1000. 












Term, one year. 






MASSACHUSET 


TS. 




Seats of Government, Newport and 


John Hancock, . . . 


1789 


1794 


Providence. 






Samuel Adams, . . . 
Increase Sumner, . . . 


1794 


1797 


CONNECTICUT. 




1797 


1799 








Moses Gill (acting), . . 


1799 


1800 


Samuel Huntington, . . 


1785 


1796 


Caleb Strong, .... 


1800 


1807 


Oliver Wolcott, . . . 


1796 


1798 


James Sullivan, . . . 


1807 


1808 


Jonathan Trumbull, . . 


1798 


1809 


Levi Lincoln (acting), . 


1808 


1809 


John Treadwell, . . . 


1809 


1811 


Christopher Gore, . . 


1809 


1810 


Roger Griswold, . . . 


1811 


1813 


Elbridge Gerry, . . . 


1810 


1812 


John Cotton Smith, . . 


1813 


1818 


Caleb Strong, .... 


1812 


1816 


Oliver Wolcott, . . . 


1818 


1827 


John Brooks, .... 


1816 


1823 


Gideon Tomlinson, . 


1827 


1831 


William Eustis, . . . 


1823 


1825 


John S. Peters, . . . 


1831 


1833 


Marcus Morton (acting), 


1825 


1825 


Henry W. Edwards, 


1833 


1834 


Levi Lincoln, .... 


1825 


1834 


Samuel A. Foote, . . . 


1834 


1835 


John Davis, .... 


1834 


1836 


Henry W. Edwards, . . 


1835 


1838 


S. Y. Armstrong (acting), 


1836 


1836 


William W. Ellsworth, . 


1838 


1842 


Edward Everett, . . . 


1836 


1840 


Chauncey F. Cleveland, 


1842 


1844 


Marcus Morton, . . . 


1840 


1841 


Roger S. Baldwin, . . 


1844 


1846 


John Davis, .... 


1841 


1843 


Isaac Toucey, .... 


1846 


1847 


Marcus Morton, . 


1843 


1844 


Clark Bissell, .... 


1847 


1849 


George N. Briggs, . . 


1844 


1851 


Joseph Trumbull, . . . 


1849 


1850 


George S. Boutwell, . . 


1851 


1853 


Thomas H. Seymour, . 


1850 


1853 


John H. Clitford, . . . 


1853 


1854 


C.H. Pond (acting),. . 


1853 


1854 


Emory Washburn, . . 


1854 


1855 


Henry Dutton, . . . 


1854 


1855 


Henry J. Gardner, . . 


1855 


1858 


William T. Minor, . . 


1855 


1857 


Nathaniel P. Banks, 


1858 


1860 


Alexander H. HoUey, . 


1857 


1858 


John A. Andrew, . . 


1860 


1864. 


William A. Buckingham, 


1858 


1864 


Salary, $3500. 






Salary, $1100. 






Term, one year. 






Term, one year. 






Seat of Government, Bo 


5ton. 




Seats of Government, f 


[artford and 








New Haven, alternately. 






RHODE ISLAIs 


FD. 










Arthur Fenner, . . . 


1789 


1805 


NEW YORK 






Henry Smith (acting), . 


1805 


1806 


George Clinton, . . . 


1789 


1795 


Isaac Wilburn (acting), 


1806 


1807 


John Jay, 


. 1795 


1801 


James Fenner, .... 


. 1807 


1811 


George Clinton, . . . 


. 1801 


1804 


William Jones, . . . 


1811 


1817 


Morgan Lewis, 


1804 


1807 


Nehemiah Knight, . . 


1817 


1821 


Daniel D. Tompkins, . 


. 1807 


1816 



542 



APPENDIX. 



John Tayler, . . 
De Witt Clinton, . 
Joseph C. Yates, . 
De Witt Clinton, . 
Nathaniel Pitcher, 
Martin Van Buren. 
Enos T. Throop, . 
William L. Marcy, 
William H. Seward 
William C. Bouck, 
Silas Wright, . . 
John Young, . . 
Hamilton Fish, 
Washington Hunt, 
Horatio Seymour, . 
Myron H. Clark, . 
John A. King, . . 
Edwin D. Morgan, 
Horatio Seymour, 

Salary, $4000. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, 





. 1816 


1817 




. 1817 


1822 




. 1822 


1824 




. 1824 


1827 




. 1827 


1828 




. 1828 


1830 




. 1830 


1832 




. 1832 


1838 




. 1838 


1842 




. 1842 


1844 




. 1844 


1846 




. 1846 


1848 




. 1848 


1850 




. 1850 


1852 




. 1852 


1854 




. 1854 


1856 




. 1856 


1858 




. 1858 


1862 




. 1862 


1864 



Albany. 



NEW JEKSEY. 
William Livingston, . . 1789 
William Paterson, . . . 1794 
Eichard Howell, .... 1794 
Joseph Bloomfleld, . . . 1801 

Aaron Ogden, 1812 

William S. Pennington, . 1813 
Mahlon Dickerson, . . . 1815 
Isaac H. Williamson, . . 1817 
Peter D. Vroom, .... 1829 
Samuel L. Southard, . . . 1882 

Elias P. Seely, 1833 

Peter D. Vroom, .... 1833 
Philemon Dickerson, . . 1836 
William Pennington, . . 1837 
Daniel Haines, .... 1843 
Charles C. Stratton, . . . 1844 
Daniel Haines, .... 1848 
George F. Fort, .... 1851 
Eodman M. Price, . . . 1854 
William A. Newell, . . . 1857 
Charles S. Olden, .... 1860 
Joel Parker, 1863 

Salary, $1800 and fees. 

Term, three years. 

Seat of Government, Trenton. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

, 1790 

. 1799 

. 1808 

. 1817 

. 1820 

. 1823 

. 1829 

. 1835 



Thomas Mifflin, . . 

Thomas McKean, . . 

Simon Snyder, . . . 
William Findley, 

Joseph Heister, . . 
John Andrew Shulze, 

George Wolf, . . . 

Joseph Eitner, . . . 



1794 
1794 
1801 
1812 
1813 
1815 
1817 
1829 
1832 
1833 
1833 
1836 
1837 
1843 
1844 
1848 
1851 
1854 
1857 
1860 
1863 
1866 



1799 
1808 
1817 
1820 
1823 
1829 
1835 
1839 



PROM TO 

David E. Porter, .... 1839 1845 

Francis E. Shunk, . . . 1845 1848 

William F. Johnston, . . 1848 1852 

William Bigler, .... 1852 1855 

James Pollock, .... 1855 1858 

William F. Packer, . . . 1858 1861 

Andrew G. Curtin, . . . 1861 1867 

Salary, $3000. 

Term, three years. 

Seat of Government, Harrisburg. 



DELAWAEE. 



Joshua Clayton, . . 
Gunning Bedford, 
Daniel Eogers, . . . 
Eichard Bassett, . , 
James Sykes (acting), 
David Hall, . . . 
Nathaniel Mitchell, 
George Truett, . 
Joseph Haslett, . 
Daniel Eodney, . 
John Clarke, 
Jacob Stout (acting 
John Collins. . . 
Caleb Eodney (acting 
Joseph Haslett, 
Samuel Paynter, . 
George Poindexter, 
David Hazzard, . 
Caleb P. Bennett, . 
Cornelius P. Comegys 
William B. Cooper, 
Thomas Stockton, . 
Joseph Maul (acting) 
William Temple, . 
William Thorp, . 
William H. Eoss, . 
Peter F. Causey, . 
William Burton, . 
William Cannon, . 

Salary, $1333J. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, 



. 1789 
. 1796 
. 1797 
. 1798 
. 1801 
. 1802 
. 1805 
. 1808 
. 1811 
. 1814 
. 1817 
. 1820 
. 1821 
. 1822 
. 1823 
. 1824 
. 1827 
. 1830 
. 1833 
. 1837 
. 1840 
. 1844 
. 1846 
. 1846 
. 1846 
. 1851 
. 1855 
. 1859 
. 1863 



Dover. 



MAEYLAND. 



John Eager Howard, 
George Plater, . 
Thomas Sim Lee, 
John H. Stone, . 
John Henry, . 
Benjamin Ogle, 
John F. Mercer, 
Eobert Bowie, . 
Eobert Wright, 
Edward Lloyd, 
Eobert Bowie, . 
Levin Winder, 
C. Eidgely, . . 



. 1788 
. 1792 
. 1792 
. 1794 
. 1797 
. 1798 
. 1801 
. 1803 
. 1805 
. 1809 
. 1811 
. 1812 
. 1815 



1796 
1797 
1798 
1801 
1802 
1805 
1808 
1811 
1814 
1817 
1820 
1821 
1822 
1823 
1824 
1827 
1830 
1833 
1837 
1840 
1844 
1846 
1846 
1846 
1851 
1855 
1859 
1868 
1867 



1792 
1792 
1794 
1797 
1798 
1801 
1803 
1805 
1809 
1811 
1812 
1815 
1818 



APPENDIX. 



543 



C. "W. Goldsborough, 
Samuel Sprigg, . . 
Samuel Stevens, . . 
Joseph Kent, . . . 
Daniel Martin, . . 
T. K. Carroll, . . . 
Daniel Martin, . . 
George Howard (acting), 



James Thomas, 
Thomas W. Veasay, . 
William Grayson, 
Francis Thomas, . . 
Thomas G. Pratt, . . 
Philip F. Thomas, . 
Enoch L. Lowe, . . 
Thomas W. Ligon, . 
Thomas H. Hicks, . 
Augustus W. Bradford, 



FROM 

1818 
1819 
1822 
1826 
1829 
1830 
1831 
1831 
1832 
1833 
1836 
1838 
1841 
1844 
1848 
1851 
1854 
1858 
1862 



1819 
1822 
1826 
1829 
1830 
1831 
1831 
1832 
1833 
1836 
1838 
1841 
184.4 
1848 
1851 
1854 
1858 
1862 
1866 



NOETH CAEOLINA. 



Salary, $3600, with a furnished house. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Annapolis. 



VIRGINIA. 

Beverly Randolph, . . .1788 

Henry Lee, 1791 

Robert Brooke, .... 1794 

James Wood, 1796 

James Monroe, .... 1799 

John Page, 1802 

William^H. Cabell, . . . 1805 

John Tyler, 1808 

James Monroe, .... 1811 
George W. Smith, . . . 1811 
James Barbour, .... 1812 
Wilson C. Nicholas, . . . 1814 
James P. Preston, . . . 1816 
Thomas M. Randolph, . . 1819 
James Pleasants, .... 1822 

John Tyler, 1825 

William B. Giles, . . . 1827 

John Floyd, 1830 

Littleton W. Tazewell,. . 1834 
WyndhamRobertson(at'g), 1836 
David Campbell, .... 1837 
Thomas W. Gilmer, . . . 1840 
John Rutherford, . . . . 1841 
John M. Gregory, . . . 1842 
James McDowell, . . . 1843 
William Smith, .... 1846 
John B. Floyd, .... 1849 
Joseph Johnson, .... 1852 
Henry A. Wise, .... 1856 
John Letcher, i860 



1791 
1794 
1796 
1799 
1802 
1805 
1808 
1811 
1811 
1812 
1814 
1816 
1819 
1822 
1825 
1827 
1830 
1834 
1836 
1837 
1840 
1841 
1842 
1843 
1846 
1849 
1852 
1856 
1860 
1863 



Salary, $5000. 

Term, three years. 

Seat of Government, Richmond. 



Alexander Martin, 
Richard D. Spaight, 
Samuel Ashe, . . 
William R. Davie, 
Benjamin Williams, 
James Turner, . . 
Nathaniel Alexander, 
Benjamin Williams, 
David Stone, . . 
Benjamin Smith, . 
William Hawkins, 
William Miller, . 
John Branch, . 
Jesse Franklin, . 
Gabriel Holmes, . 
Hutchins G. Burton, 
James Iredell, . 
John Owen, . . 
Montfort Stokes, . 
David L. Swain, . 
Richard D. Spaight, 
Edward B. Dudley, 
John M. Morehead, 
William A. Graham 
Charles Manly, 
David S. Reid, 
Thomas Bragg, , 
John W. Ellis, 
John B. Vance, 

Salary, $3000, with a 
Term, two years. 
Seat of Government, 



FROM TO 

. 1789 1792 

. 1792 1795 

. 1795 1798 

. 1798 1799 

. 1799 1802 

. 1802 1805 

. 1805 1807 

. 1807 1808 

. 1808 1810 

. 1810 1811 

. 1811 1814 

. 1814 1817 

. 1817 1820 

. 1820 1821 

. 1821 1824 

. 1824 1827 

. 1827 1828 

. 1828 1830 

. 1830 1832 

, 1832 1835 

. 1835 1837 

. 1837 1841 

. 1841 1845 

. 1845 1849 

. 1849 1851 

. 1851 1855 

. 1855 1859 

. 1859 1861 

, 1861 1863 
furnished house. 

Raleigh. 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 

Charles Pinckney, 
Arnoldus Vanderhorst, 
William Moultrie, . 
Charles Pinckney, . 
Edward Rutledge, . 
John Drayton (acting), 

" "... 

James B. Richardson, 
Paul Hamilton, . . 
Charles Pinckney, . 
John Drayton, . . 
Henry Middleton, 
Joseph Alston, 
David R. Williams, . 
Andrew Pickens, . . 
John Geddes, ... . 
Thomas Bennet, . . 
John L. Wilson, . . 
Richard I. Manning, 
John Taylor, . . . 
Stephen D. Miller, . 
James Hamilton, . . 
Robert Y. Hayne, 
George McDuffie,. . 





1789 


1792 




1792 


1794 




1794 


1796 




1796 


1798 




1798 


1800 




1800 


1800 




1800 


1802 




1802 


1804 




1804 


1806 




1806 


1808 




1808 


1810 




1810 


1812 




1812 


1814 




1814 


1816 




1816 


1818 




1818 


1820 




1820 


1822 




1822 


1824 




1824 


1826 




1826 


1828 




1828 


1830 




1830 


1832 




1832 


1834 




1834 


1836 



544 



APPENDIX. 





FROM 


TO 


Pierce M. Butler, . . 


. 1836 


1838 


Patrick Noble, . . . 


. 1838 


1840 


B. K. Hennegan (acting). 


. 1840 


1840 


J. P. Eichardson, . . 


. 1840 


1842 


James H. Hammond, . 


. 1842 


1844 


William Aiken, . . . 


. 1844 


1846 


David Johnson, . . . 


. 1846 


1848 


W. B. Seabrook, . . . 


. 1848 


1850 


John H. Means, . . . 


. 1850 


1852 


John L. Manning, . . 


. 1852 


1854 


James H. Adams, 


. 1854 


1856 


E. F. W. Alston, . . . 


. 1856 


1858 


William H. Gist, . . . 


. 1858 


1860 


Francis W. Pickens, 


. 1860 


1862 



Salary, $3500. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Columbia. 



GEOEGIA. 



George Walton, . . 
Edward Telfair, . . 
George Matthews, 
Jared Irwin, . . . 
James Jackson, . 
David Emanuel (acting), 
Josiah Tatnall, . . 
John Milledge, . . 
Jared Irwin, . . . 
David B. Mitchell, . 
Peter Early, . . . 
David B. Mitchell, . 
William Eabun, . . 
Matthew Talbot (acting), 
John Clarke, . . . 
George M. Troup, 
John Forsyth, . 
George E. Gilmer, . 
Wilson Lumpkin, 
William Schley, . 
George E. Gilmer, . 
Charles J. McDonald, 
George W. Crawford, 
George W. B. Towns, 
Howell Cobb, . . . 
Herschel V. Johnson, 
Joseph E. Brown, 

Salary, $3000. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Milledgeville 

FLOEIDA. 

TBRRITOKY. 



1789 1790 

1790 1793 
1793 1796 
1796 1798 
1798 1801 
1801 1801 

1801 1802 

1802 1806 
1806 1809 
1809 1813 
1813 1815 
1815 1817 
1817 1819 
1819 1819 
1819 1823 
1823 1827 
1827 1829 
1829 1831 
1831 1835 
1835 1837 
1837 1839 
1839 1843 
1843 1847 
1847 1851 
1851 1853 
1853 1857 
1857 1861 



William P. Duvall, 
John H. Eaton, . 
Eichard K. Call, . 
John Branch, , . 



. 1822 1834 

. 1834 1836 

. 1836 1844 

. 1844 1845 



William D. Moseley, . . 1845 1849 

Thomas Brown, .... 1849 1853 

James E. Broome, . . . 1853 1857 

Madison S. Perry, . . . 1857 1861 

John Milton, 1861 1864 

Salary, $1500. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Tallahassee. 

ALABAMA. 

William W. Bibb, . . . 1819 1820 

Thomas Bibb, 1820 1821 

Israel Pickens, 1821 1825 

John Murphy, 1825 1829 

Gabriel Moore, .... 1829 1831 

John Gayle, 1831 1835 

Clement C. Clay, .... 1835 1837 

Arthur P. Bagby, . . . 1837 1841 

Benjamin Fitzpatrick, . . 1841 1845 

Joshua L. Martin, . . . 1845 1847 

Eeuben Chapman, . . . 1847 1849 

Henry W. Collier, . . . 1849 1853 

John A. Winston, . . . 1853 1857 

Andrew B. Moore, . . . 1857 1861 

Ee-elected, 1861 1863 

Salary, $2500. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Montgomery. 



MISSISSIPPI. 

TEKRITORY. 



Winthrop Sargent, .. 
W. C. C. Claiborne, . 
Eobert Williams, . 
David Holmes, . . 

STATE. 

David Holmes, . . 
George Poindexter, 
Walter Leake, . . 
David Holmes,. 
Gerard C. Brandon, 
Abraham M. Scott, 
Hiram G. Eunnels, 
Charles Lynch, 
Alexander G. McNutt, 
Tilghman M. Tucker, 
Albert G. Brown, 
Joseph W. Mathews, 
John A. Quitman, . 
John J. Guion (acting^ 
James Whitfield, . . 
Henry S. Foote, . . 
John J. MacEae, . . 
William McWillie, . 
John J. Pettus, . . 

Salary, $4000. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, 



1798 
1802 
1805 
1809 

1817 
1819 
1821 
1825 
1827 
1831 
1833 
1835 
1837 
1841 
1843 
1848 
1850 
1851 
1851 
1852 
1854 
1858 
1860 



Jackson. 



1802 
1805 
1809 
1817 

1819 
1821 
1825 
1827 
1831 
1833 
1835 
1837 
1841 
1843 
1848 
1850 
1851 
1851 
1852 
1854 
1858 
1860 
1862 



APPENDIX. 



545 



LOUISIANA. 

TERRITORY OF ORLEANS. 
FROM 

William C. C. Claiborne, . 1804 



1812 



STATE. 



William C. C. Claiborne, 
James Villare, . . . 
Thomas B. Robertson, 
H. S. Thibodeaux (acting) 
Henry Johnson, . . 
Peter Derbigny, . 
A. Bauvais (acting), . 
Jacques Dupre (acting), 
Andre B. Roman, 
Edward D. White, . 
Andre B. Roman, 
Alexander Warton, . 
Isaac Johnson, . . 
Joseph Walker, . . 
Paul 0. Hebert, . . 
E. C. Wickliffe, . . 
Thomas O. Moore, . 

Salary, $4000. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Baton Rouge 



1812 
1816 
1820 
1822 
1824 
1828 
1829 
1830 
1830 
1834 
1838 
1841 
1845 
1850 



1816 
1820 
1822 
1824 
1828 
1829 
1830 
1830 
1834 
1838 
1841 
1845 
1850 
1854 



1854 
1858 



1858 
1862 



TEXAS. 






J. Pinckney Henderson, 


1846 


1847 


George T. Wood, . . . 


1847 


1849 


P. H. Bell, 


1849 


1853 


Edward M. Pease, . . 


1853 


1857 


H. G. Runnels, . . . 


1857 


1859 


Sam Houston, .... 


1859 


1861 


P. R. Lubbeck, . . . 


1861 


1863 


Salary, $3000. 






Term, two years. 






Seat of Government, Au 


stin. 





ARKANSAS. 

TERRITORY. 

James Miller, 1819 1825 

George Izard, 1825 1829 

John Pope, 1829 1835 

William S. Fulton, . . . 1835 1836 



James S. Conway, . . . 1836 1840 

Archibald Yell, .... 1840 1844 

Samuel Adams (acting), . 1844 1844 

Thomas S. Drew, .... 1844 1848 

John S. Roane, .... 1848 1852 

Elias N. Conway, . . . 1852 1860 

Henry M. Rector, . . . 1860 1864 

Salary, $1800. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Little Rock. 



TENNESSEE. 

FROM 

John Sevier, 1796 

Archibald Roane, . . . 1801 

John Sevier, 1803 

Willie Blount, .... 1809 

Joseph McMin, .... 1815 

William Carroll, .... 1821 

Samuel Houston, .... 1827 

William Carroll, .... 1829 

Newton Cannon, .... 1835 

James K. Polk, .... 1889 

James C. Jones, .... 1841 

Aaron V. Brown, .... 1845 
Neil S. Brown, .... 1847 

William Trousdale, . . . 1849 

William B. Campbell, . . 1851 

Andrew Johnson, . . . 1853 
Isham G. Harris, .... 1857 

Salary, $3000. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Nashville. 



KENTUCKY. 

Isaac Shelby, . . . 
James Garrard, . . 
Christopher Greenup, 
Charles Scott, . . . 
Isaac Shelby, . . . 
George Madison, . . 
G. Slaughter (acting), 
John Adair, . . . 
Joseph Desha, . . . 
Thomas Metcalfe, . . 
John Breathitt, . . 
J. T. Morehead (acting) 
James Clark, . . . 
C. A. Wickliffe (acting 
Robert P. Letcher, . 
William Owsley, . . 
John J. Crittenden, . 
John L. Helm (acting) 
Lazarus W. Powell, . 
Charles S. Morehead, 
Beriah Magoffin, . . 
J. F. Robinson, . . 
Thomas E. Bramlette, 

Salary, $2500. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, F 



. 1792 
. 1796 
. 1804 
. 1808 
. 1812 
. 1816 
. 1816 
. 1820 
. 1824 
. 1828 
. 1832 
. 1834 
. 1836 
. 1839 
. 1840 
. 1844 
. 1848 
. 1850 
. 1851 
. 1855 
. 1859 
. 1861 
. 1863 



1801 
1803 
1809 
1815 
1821 
1827 
1829 
1835 
1839 
1841 
1845 
1847 
1849 
1851 
1853 
1857 
1861 



1796 
1804 
1808 
1812 
1816 
1816 
1820 
1824 
1828 
1832 
1834 
1836 
1837 
1840 
1844 
1848 
1850 
1851 
1855 
1859 
1861 
1863 
1867 



rankfort. 



OHIO. 

TERRITORY. 

Arthur St. Clair, .... 1788 1803 

STATE. 

Edward Tiffin, 1803 1808 

Thomas Kirker (acting), . 1808 1808 
Samuel Huntington, . . . 1808 1810 



546 



APPENDIX. 



PROM 

Eeturn J. Meigs, . . . .1810 
Othneil Looker (acting), . 1814 
Thomas Worthington, . . 1814 
Ethan Allen Brown, . . . 1818 
Allen Trimble (acting), . 1822 
Jeremiah Morrow, . . . 1822 
Allen Trimble, .... 1826 
Duncan McArthur, , . . 1830 

Eobert Lucas, 1832 

Joseph Vance, 1836 

Wilson Shannon, .... 1838 
Thomas Corwin, .... 1840 
Wilson Shannon, .... 1842 
Thomas W. Bartley (acting), 1844 
Mordecai Bartley, . . . 1844 
William Bebb, .... 1846 

Seabury Ford, 1848 

EeubenWood, 1850 

William Medill, .... 1854 
Salmon P. Chase, .... 1856 
William Dennison, Jr., . . 1860 

David Todd, 1862 

John Brough, 1864 

Salary, $1800. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Grovernment, Columbus. 

MICHIGAN. 

TEKRITOKY. 

William Hull, 1805 

Lewis Cass, 1814 

George B. Porter, . . . 1831 

Stevens T. Mason (acting), 1834 

J. S. Horner (acting), . . 1835 



1814 
1814 
1818 
1822 
1822 
1826- 
1830 
1832 
1836 
1838 
1840 
1842 
1844 
1844 
1846 
1848 
1850 
1854 
1856 
1860 
1862 
1864 
1866 



Stephens T. Mason, . 
William Woodbridge, 
J. W. Gordon (acting) 
John S. Barry, 
Alpheus Felch, . . 
W. L. Greenley (acting 
Epaphroditus Ransom, 
JohnS. Barry, . 
Ptobert McClelland, . 
A. Parsons (acting), 
Kinsley S. Bingham, 



1836 
1840 
1841 
1842 
1846 
1847 
1848 
1850 
1853 
1853 
1855 
1857 
1859 
1861 



Moses Wisner, . . . 
Austin Blair, . 

Salary, $1000. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Lansing 



1814 
1831 
1834 
1835 
1836 



1840 
1841 
1842 
1846 
1847 
1848 
1850 
1853 
1853 
1855 
1857 
1859 
1861 
1863 



INDIANA. 



Jonathan Jennings, 
William Hendricks, 
James Brown Kay, 
Noah Noble, . . 
David Wallace, 
Samuel Bigger, 
James Whitcomb, 
Paris C. Dunning,* 
Joseph A. Wright, 
Ashbel P. Willard, 
Henry L. Lane, . 
O. P. Morton, . . 
Salary, $1500, with a 
Term, four years. 
Seat of Government, 



. 1816 1822 

. 1822 1825 

. 1825 1831 

. 1831 1837 

. 1837 1840 

. 1840 1843 

. 1843 1848 

. 1848 1849 

. 1849 1857 

. 1857 Died 

. 1861 1861 

. 1861 1865 
furnished house. 

Indianapolis. 



. 1818 


1822 


. 1822 


1826 


. 1826 


1830 


. 1830 


1834 


. 1834 


1838 


. 1838 


1842 


. 1842 


1846 


. 1846 


1853 


. 1853 


1857 


. 1857 


1860 


. 1860 


1865 



ILLINOIS. 

TEKRITOKY. 

Ninian Edwards, .... 1809 1818 

STATE. 

Shadrach Bond, 
Edward Coles, . 
Ninian Edwards 
John Reynolds, 
Joseph Duncan, 
Thomas Carlin, 
Thomas Eord, . 
Augustus C. French, 
Joel A. Matteson, 
William H. Bissell, 
Richard Yates, . . 

Salary, $1500. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Springfield 

MISSOURI. 

Alexander McNair, . . .1820 
Frederick Bates, .... 1824 

John Miller, 1826 

Daniel Dunklin, .... 1832 

L. W. Boggs, 1836 

Thomas Reynolds, . . . 1840 
John C. Edwards, . . . 1844 
Austin A. King, .... 1848 

Sterling Price, 1853 

Trusten Polk, 1857 

Hancock Jackson (acting), 1857 

R. M. Stewart, 1857 

Claiborne F. Jackson, . . 1861 
H. R. Gamble, .... 1861 

Salary, $2500, with a furnished house. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Jefferson City. 



1824 
1826 
1832 
1836 
1840 
1844 
1848 
1853 
1857 
1857 
1857 
1861 

1864 



*■ During the unexpired term of Governor Whitcomb, elected in 1848 to the United States 
Senate. 



APPENDIX. 



547 



IOWA. 

Ansel Briggs, . . 
Stephen Hempstead, 
James W. Grimes, 
Kalph P. Lowe, . 
S. J. Kirkwood, . 
Wm. M. Stone, . 

Salary, $1000. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Des Moines City. 

WISCONSIN. 



. . . 1846 


1850 


. . . 1850 


1854 


. . . 1854 


1858 


. . . 1858 


1860 


. . . 1860 


1862 


. . . 1862 


1864 



TERRITORT. 



Henry Dodge, 1836 

James D. Doty, .... 1841 

Nathaniel P. Tallmadge, . 1844 

Henry Dodge, 1845 



1841 
1844 
1845 

1848 



1848 


1851 


1851 


1853 


1853 


1855 


1855 


1857 


1857 


1861 


1861 


1863 


1863 


1865 



Nelson Dewey, . . 
Leonard J. Farwell, . 
William A. Barstow, 
Coles Bashford, . . 
Alexander W. Kandall, 
Edward Solomon, 
James T. Lewis, . . 

Salary, $2000. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Madison. 

CALIFOKNIA. 

Peter H. Burnett, . . . 
John McDougall (acting),. 
John Bigler, . . 
J. Neely Johnson, 
John B. Weller, . 
M. S. Latham, . . 
John G. Downey, . 
Leland Stanford, . 
Frederick F. Low, 

Salary, $6000. 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, Sacramento 

MINNESOTA. 

TERRITORY. 



Alexander Kamsey, 
Willis A. Gorman, 
Samuel Medary, . 



Henry H. Sihley, . . 
Alexander Eamsey, . 
Stephen Miller, . . . 

Term, two years. 

Seat of Government, St. 



OREGON. 



TERRITORY. 



James Shields, 
Joseph Lane, . 
John P. Gaines, 
Joseph Lane, . 
John W. Davis, 
George L. Curry, 



Aug. 14, 1848. 
Aug. 18, 1848. 
Sept. 9, 1850. 
March 16, 1853. 
Sept. 6, 1853. 
Oct. 24, 1854. 



John Whittaker, 
A. C. Gibbs, . 

Salary, $1500. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Salem. 



from 1859 to 1862 
1862 1866 



KANSAS. 



TERRITORY. 



A. H. Eeeder, . 
John L. Dawson, 
Wilson Shannon, 
John W. Geary, 
R. J. Walker, . 
J. W. Denver, . 
Samuel Medary, 



June 29, 1854. 

July 28, 1855. 

Aug. 10, 1855. 

July 30, 1856. 
March 30, 1857. 

Feb. 24, 1858. 

Dec. 1, 1858. 



ison. 
1849 


1851 


1851 


1852 


1852 


1856 


1856 


1858- 


1858 


1860 


1860 


1862 


1860 


1862 


1861 


1863 


1863 
amen 


1865 

to. 



STATE. 



Charles Robinson, . 
Thomas Carney, . 

Salary, $2500. 

Term, four years. 



. Jan. 30, 1861. 
from 1861 to 1865. 



1849 


1853 


1853 


1857 


1857 


1858 


1858 


1860 


1860 


1862 


1863 
•aul. 


1865 



WEST VIRGINIA. 

Arthur I. Boreman, from 1861 to 1865 
Salary, $2000. 
Term, two years. 
Seat of Government, Wheeling. 

TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO. 

James S. Calhoun, . Jan. 9, 1851. 
William Carr Lane, . July 15, '1858. 
Solon Borland, . . April 18, 1853. 
David Merriwether, . May 6, 1853. 
Abraham Rencher, . Aug. 17, 1857. 
Henry Connelly, 1861. 

Salary, $2500. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Santa F6. 

TERRITORY OF UTAH. 

Brigham Young, . . Sept. 28, 1850. 
Edward J. Steptoe, . Dec. 21, 1854. 
Alfred Cummings, . July 11, 1857. 
S. S. Hastings, 1861. 

Salary, $2500. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Salt Lake City. 



548 



APPENDIX. 



WASHINGTON TEEEITORY. 

Isaac I. Stevens, . . March 17, 1853. 
J. Patton Anderson, March 15, 1857. 
Fayette McMullen, . May 15, 1857. 
Kichard D. Gholson, .... 1861. 
William Pinkney, ..... 1861. 

Salary, $2500. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Olympia. 



NEBRASKA TERRITORY. 

William 0. Butler, . June 29, 1854. 
Erancis Burt, . . . Aug. 2, 1854. 
Mark W. Izard, . . Dec. 20, 1854. 
Wm. A. Richardson, May 30, 1857. 

Samuel W. Black, 1861. 

Oliver Landers, 1861. 

Salary, $2500. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Omaha City. 

TERRITORY OF COLORADO. 

John Evans, 1861. 

Salary, $2500. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Denver City. 



TERRITORY OF DAKOTA. 

William Jayne, 1861. 

Newton Edwards, 1863. 

Salary, $2500. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Yancton. 

TERRITORY OF NEVADA. 

James W. Nye, 1861. 

Salary, $2500. 

Term, four years. 

Seat of Government, Carson City. 

TERRITORY OF ARIZONA. 

John N. Goodwin, 1863. 

Salary, $2500. 
Term, four years. 

TERRITORY OF IDAHO. 

William H. Wallace, .... 1863. 
Caleb Lyon, of Lyonsdale,. . . 1864. 

Salary $2500. 

Term, four years. 

TERRITORY OF MONTANA. 

Sidney Edgerton, 1864. 

Salary, $2500. 
Term, four years. 



APPENDIX. 549 



RIGHT OF SUFFRAGE IN EACH STATE. 



MAINE. 

The right of suffrage is nearly universal, being granted to all male citizens of 
twenty-one years of age and upwards, who have resided in the State for three 
months next preceding the election. Paupers, persons under guardianship, and 
Indians not taxed, are excepted. 

NEW HAMPSHIEE. 

Eight of suffrage granted to all males of twenty-one years of age and upwards, 
excepting paupers, and persons excused from paying taxes at their special request. 

VERMONT. 

Right of suffrage extends to all males of twenty-one years of age and upwards, 
who have resided one year in the State next preceding the election, and are of a 
quiet and peaceable behavior. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Eight of suffrage extends to all males of twenty-one years of age and upwards 
(paupers and persons under guardianship excepted), who have resided within the 
Commonwealth one year, and within the town or district in which they may claim 
a right to vote, six months next preceding any election, and who have paid a 
State or county tax assessed upon them within two years next preceding such 
election, and also to every citizen who may be by law exempted from taxation, 
and who may be, in all other respects, qualified as above mentioned. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Must be of age, have gained a settlement in the State six months, done military 
duty, paid a State tax, and taken the prescribed oaths. 

RHODE ISLAND. 

Three months' residence, and own a freehold of one hundred and thirty-four 
dollars. Must have attained the age of twenty-one. 

NEW YOEK. 

Eight of suffrage extends to all males of twenty -one years of age, inhabitants of 
the State for the last year, and residents of the county for the last six months. A 
colored man must have resided in the State three years, and hold a freehold of 
two hundred and fifty dollars, free of all incumbrance. 

NEW JEESEY. 

The language of the Constitution on this point is, that all persons of full age 
shall have a right to vote, who are worth fifty pounds, proclamation money, clear 
estate in the same, and have resided in the county in which they claim to vote, 
for twelve months immediately preceding the election. By a special act of the 
Legislature, every white male inhabitant of lawful age, and who has paid a tax, ia 
considered worth fifty pounds, and therefore entitled to vote. 



550 APPENDIX. 



PENNSYLVANIA. 

A citizen of the State two years, and paid a State and county tax. Persons 
qualified, between the ages of twenty-one and two, may vote, although they have 
paid no taxes. 

DELAWARE. 

The right of suffrage the same as in Pennsylvania. 

MARYLAND. 

Must be of age, one year in the State, and six months in the county, preceding 
the election at which he offers to vote. 

VIRGINIA. 

Right of suffrage extends to every white male citizen of the Commonwealth, of 
the age of twenty-one years, or who has a joint interest to the amount of twenty- 
five dollars, and having been a housekeeper one year, and been assessed with a 
part of the revenue of the Commonwealth, within the preceding year, and actually 
paid the same. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

A citizen of the State one year, who has paid taxes, may vote for members of 
the House of Commons, but must own fifty acres of land to vote for Senators. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

Right of suffrage is granted to every free white male citizen, of the age of 
twenty-one years, resident two years, a freeholder of fifty acres of land, or has 
paid a tax the preceding year, of three shillings sterling, towards the support of 
Government. 

GEORGIA. 

The right of suffrage extends to all citizens who have attained the age of twenty- 
one years, and six months' residence in the county where he offers his vote, and 
must have paid all taxes imposed on him. 

ALABAMA. 

A citizen of the United States, one year in the State, and three months' residence 
in the county where he offers his vote. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

A citizen of the United States, residence in this State one year, and in the 
county six months, and having done military duty or paid taxes. 

LOUISIANA. 

Residence in the county where he offers his vote one year, and having paid taxes 
within the last six months. 

TENNESSEE. 

A citizen of the United States, and six months' residence in the county where 
he offers his vote. 

KENTUCKY. 

The right of suffrage extends to every free male white citizen of the age of 
twenty-one years, who has resided in the State two years, or in the county where 
he votes, one year next preceding. 



APPENDIX. 551 



OHIO. 

Eight of suifrage extends to white male inhabitants, above twenty-one years, 
wlio have resided in the State one year immediately preceding the election, and 
who have paid a State or county tax. 

INDIANA. 

Eight of suffrage is granted to all male citizens of the age of twenty-one years 
and upwards, who have resided in the State a year immediately preceding an 
election. 

ILLINOIS. 

Eesidence in the State six months, but can only vote in the county where he 
actually resides. 

MISSOUEI. 

A citizen of the United States, and one year's residence in the State next pre- 
ceding the election, and three months in the county. 

MICHIGAN. 

Twenty -one years of age, and six months' residence next preceding election. 

AEKANSAS. 
Same as Michigan. 

FLOEIDA. 

Twenty-one years of age, two years in the State, and six months in the county. 
He must also be a militia soldier. 

TEXAS. 

Every white person who is a citizen of the United States, has attained the age 
of twenty-one years, and resided in the State one year, is a qualified voter. 

IOWA. 

Must have attained the age of twenty-one years, resided in the State six months, 
and in the county where he votes, sixty days. 

WISCONSIN. 

White men and certain Indians, who have attained the age of twenty-one years, 
and resided in the State one year. 

CALIFOENIA. 

White men and Mexicans, who are twenty-one years of age, and have resided 
in the State six months, and in the county of residence thirty days. 

MINNESOTA. 

Every white male person, and certain Indians of the age of twenty-one years, 
who have been in the United States one year, and in the State four months. 

OEEGON. 

A native or naturalized citizen, who has attained the age of twenty-one years, 
and resided six months in the State. 

KANSAS. 
Must have attained the age of twenty-one years, and resided in the State six 
months preceding the election. 

WEST VIEGINIA. 

All white male citizens, with the usual exceptions, who have attained the age 
of twenty-one years, and have lived in the State one year, and thirty days in the 
county in which he offers his vote. 



552 APPENDIX. 



QUALIFICATIONS FOR GOVERNORS, SENATORS, AND 
REPRESENTATIVES IN EACH STATE. 



MAINE. 

Governor. A native citizen of tlie United States, five years a citizen of the 
State, and thirty years of age. — Senator's. Five years a citizen of the United 
States, one year of the State, and twenty-five years of age. — Representatives. A 
citizen of the United States five years, an inhabitant of the State one yearj and 
twenty-one years of age. 

NEW HAMPSHIEE. 

Governor. A citizen of the United States seven years, an estate of £500 (one- 
half a freehold), and thirty years of age. — Senators. Eesidence in the State seven 
years, a freehold estate of £200, and thirty years of age. — Representatives. Two 
years an inhabitant of the State, and an estate of £100 (one-half a freehold). 

^EKMONT. 

Governor. A citizen of the State four years. — Senators. A qualified voter, and 
thirty years of age. — Representatives. Persons most noted for wisdom and virtue, 
and who have resided in the State two years. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Governor. A citizen of the State seven years, an estate of £1000, and of the 
Christian religion. — Senators. Five years a citizen of the State, a freehold of £300, 
or ratable estate of £600. — Representatives. A citizen of the State one year, and a 
freehold of £100, or ratable estate of £200. 

RHODE ISLAND. 

Governor. A native citizen, and a freeman. — Senators. A native citizen, resident 
of the district where he is chosen, and a freeman. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Governor. A voter, and thirty years of age. — Senators. A qualified voter. — Re- 
presentatives. A qualified voter. 

NEW YORK. 

Governor. A native citizen of the United States, five years a citizen of the State, 
a freeholder, and thirty years of age. — Senators. A qualified voter, and a free- 
holder. — Representatives. No qualifications. 

NEW JERSEY. 

Governor. A resident of the State. — No Senate ; the duties performed by the 
Legislative Council. — Representatives. A citizen of the State one year, and real or 
personal estate of £500, proclamation money. 



APPENDIX. 553 



PENNSYLVANIA. 

Governor. A citizen of the State seven years, and thirty years of age. — Senators. 
A citizen of the State four years, and of the district where chosen the last year, 
and twenty-five years of age. — Representatives. A citizen of the State three years, 
and for the last year a citizen of the city or county where chosen. 

DELAWAKE. 

Governor. A citizen of the United States twelve years, of the State the last six 
years, and thirty -six years of age. — Senatws. A citizen of the State three years, a 
freehold of two hundred acres, or £1000, and twenty-seven years of age. — Repre- 
sentatives. A citizen of the State three years, and twenty-four years of age. 

MAKYLAND. 

Governor. A resident of the State ahove five years, and twenty -five years of 
age. — Senators. A resident of the State three years, and twenty -five years of age. 
— Representatives. Kesident in the county where chosen one year. 

VIRGINIA. 

Governor. A native citizen of the United States, citizen of the State five years, 
and thirty years of age ; ineligible for three years after the first term. — Senators. 
A resident and freeholder in the district where chosen, and thirty years of age. 
— Representatives. A resident and freeholder in the county where chosen, and 
twenty-five years of age. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

Gove^-nor. A resident in the State five years, freehold in the State of more than 
£1000, and thirty years of age. — Senators. A citizen of the county where chosen 
one year, and three hundred acres of land. — Representatives. A citizen of the 
county where chosen one year, one hundred acres of land in fee or for the term of 
his life. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

Governor. A citizen of the State ten years, an estate of £1500 sterling, clear of 
debt, and thirty years of age. — Senators. A citizen of the State five years, a resi- 
dent of the district where chosen, and an estate of £300 sterling ; or, not being a 
resident, an estate of £1000, and thirty years of age. — Representatives. A citizen 
of the State three years, a resident, and an estate of five hundred acres of land, 
ten negroes, or £150 sterling in real estate ; or, not being a resident, an estate of 
£500 sterling. 

GEORGIA. 

Governor. A citizen of the United States twelve years, and of the State six 
years, an estate of five hundred acres of land, and other property amounting to 
$4000 more than debts due, and thirty years of age. — Se^iators. A citizen of the 
United States nine years, and of the State three years, a freehold of $500, or tax- 
able property of $1000 more than debts due, all legal taxes paid, and twenty-five 
years of age. — Representatives. A citizen of the United States seven years, and of 
the State three years, a freehold of $250, or taxable property of $500 more than 
debts due, and all legal taxes paid. 

ALABAMA. 

Governor. A native citizen of the United States, and a citizen of the State four 
years, thirty years of age, and ineligible for more than four successive years. — 
Senators. A citizen of the United States, of the State two years, and of the district 
where chosen one year, and twenty-seven years of age. — Representatives. A citizen 
of the United States, of the State two years, and of the county where chosen one 
year, and twenty-one years of age. 

36 



554 ■ APPENDIX. 



MISSISSIPPI. 

Governor. A citizen of the United States twenty years, and of the State five 
years, a freehold estate of $2000, and thirty years of age ; ineligible for more than 
four successive years. — Senators. A citizen of the United States and of the State 
four years, the last year residing in the district where chosen, and thirty years of 
age. — Representatives. A citizen of the United States and of the State two years, 
the last year residing in the county where chosen, a freehold estate of $500, and 
twenty-one years of age. 

LOUISIANA. 

Governor. A citizen of the United States and of the State six years, an estate of 
$5000, and thirty-five years of age. — Senators. A citizen of the United States, of 
the State four years, and in the district were chosen one year, an estate of $1000, 
and twenty-seven years of age. — Representatives. A citizen of the United States, 
of the State two years, and of the county where chosen one year, an estate in land 
of $500, and twenty-one years of age. 

TENNESSEE. 

Governor. A citizen of the United States and of the State seven years, and 
thirty years of age. — Senators. A citizen of the United States, three years' resi- 
dence in the State, and in the county where chosen one year, and thirty years of 
age. — Representatives. A citizen of the United States and of the State three years, 
residence in the county where chosen one year, and twenty-one years of age. 

KENTUCKY. 

Governor. A citizen of the United States and of the State six years, thirty-five 
years of age, and ineligible for more than one term in seven years. — Senators. A 
citizen of the United States, of the State six years, and of the district where 
chosen the last year, and thirty-five years of age. — Representatives. A citizen of 
the United States, of the State two years, and of the county where chosen the last 
year, and twenty-four years of age. 

OHIO. 

Governor. A citizen of the United States twelve years, an inhabitant of the State 
four years, and thirty-five years of age. — Senators. A citizen of the United States, 
and of the district where chosen two years, having paid a State and county tax, 
and thirty years of age. — Representatives. A citizen of the United States, an in- 
habitant of the State, and a resident in the county where chosen one year, having 
paid a State or county tax, and twenty-five years of age. 

INDIANA. 

Governor. A citizen of the United States ten years, and of the State five years, 
and thirty years of age. — Senators. A citizen of the United States, of the State 
two years, and of the district where chosen the last year, having paid a State or 
county tax, and twenty-five years of age. — Representatives. A citizen of the United 
States, and of the State and county where chosen one year, having paid a State or 
county tax, and twenty-one years of age. 

ILLINOIS. 

Governor. A citizen of the United States thirty years, and of the State two 
years, thirty years of age, and ineligible for two successive terms. — Senators. A 
citizen of the United States, and of the district where chosen the last year, having 
paid a State or county tax, and twenty-five years of age. — Representatives. A 
citizen of the United States, and an inhabitant of the State and county where 
chosen, having paid a State or county tax, and twenty-one years of age. 



APPENDIX. 555 



MISSOUKI. 

Governor. A native citizen of the United States, a resident of the State four 
years, and thirty-five years of age. — Senators. A citizen of the United States, of 
the State four years, and of the district where chosen one year, having paid a State 
or county tax, and thirty years of age. — Representatives. A citizen of the United 
States, of the State two years, and of the county where chosen one year, having 
paid a State or county tax, and twenty-four years of age. 

MICHIGAN. 

Governor. A citizen of the United States five years, and a resident of the State 
the last two years. — Senators. A citizen of the United States, and a qualified voter 
in the county where chosen. — Representatives. Same as the Senators. 

ARKANSAS. 

Governor. A native citizen of the United States, or a resident of the State ten 
years previous to the adoption of the Constitution, and four years preceding the 
election. — Senators. A citizen of the United States, a resident of the State one 
year, and thirty years of age. — Representatives. A citizen of the United States, a 
resident of the county where chosen, and twenty-five years of age. , 

FLORIDA. 

Governor, Must be thirty years of age, have been a citizen of the United States 
for ten years, or an inhabitant of Florida at the time of the adoption of the Con- 
stitution, and a resident of the State five years preceding the day of election. — 
Senators. A citizen of the United States, a resident of the State for two years, one 
year a resident of the district in which he resides, and must be twenty-five years 
of age. — Representatives. Must have attained the age of twenty-one years, and in 
other particulars qualified as are the Senators. 

TEXAS. 

Governor. Must be thirty years of age, a citizen of the United States, and have 
been a resident of the State for three years preceding his election. — Senators. Must 
have attained the age of thirty years, be a citizen of the United States, a resident 
in the State for three years preceding his election, and one year in the district 
where he resides, — Representatives. Must be a citizen of the United States, have 
resided in the State two years, in his district one year, and have attained the age 
of twenty-one years. 

IOWA, 

Gover-nor. Must be thirty years of age, a citizen of the United States, and a re- 
sident of the State for two years. — Senators. Must be twenty-five years of age, a 
citizen of the United States, a resident of the State for one year, and of the dis- 
trict where he resides at least sixty days. — Representatives. Must be twenty-one 
years of age, and in other respects possess the qualifications of Senators. 

WISCONSIN. 

Governor. No person except a citizen of the United States, and a qualified elec- 
tor of the State, shall be eligible to this office. — Senators and Representatives. No 
person shall be eligible to the Legislature who shall not have resided in the State 
one year, and be a qualified elector in the district where he resides. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Governor. Must be twenty-five years of age, a citizen of the United States, and 
a resident of the State for two years. — Senators and Representatives. Must be quali- 
fied electors, residents of the State one year, and of their districts six months. 



556 APPENDIX. 



MINNESOTA. 

Governor. Must be a citizen of the United States, twenty-five years of age, and 
a resident of the State for one year. — Senators and Representati oes. Shall be quali- 
fied voters of the State, and shall have resided one year in the State, and six 
months in the district from which they are elected. 

OEEGON. 

Governor. Must be a citizen of the United States, thirty years of age, and three 
years a resident of the State. — Senators and Representatives. Must be twenty-one 
years of age, citizens of the United States, and residents of their several districts 
for one year preceding their election. 

KANSAS. 

Governor. Must be thirty years of age, a citizen of the United States, and have 
resided two years in the State. — Senators. Must be twenty-five years of age, a 
citizen of the United States, and a resident of the State for one year. — Represen- 
tatives. Must be twenty-one years of age, and possess the other qualifications of 
Senators. 

WEST VIKGINIA. 

Governor. His qualifications are not specified in the Constitution of the State. — 
Senators and Representatives. Must have been residents of the district or county 
where chosen for one year next preceding the election. 



